2011年12月计算机等级考试(安徽省)二级C语言真题
2011年下半年全国高等学校（安徽考区）计
算机水平考试试卷
（二级C语言程序设计）
考试须知：
1．请将准考证号末两位填在试卷第2页右上方方框内。
2．单项选择题请在答题卡上填涂；其他内容请在答题卷上作答，试卷上作答无效。
3．不得将试卷、答题卡、答题卷及草稿纸带离考场。
4．考试时间为120分钟。
一、单项选择题（每题1分，共40分）
1.在计算机应用领域中，英文缩写“OA”的中文含义是__________。
A）计算机辅助制造B）办公自动化C）计算机辅助教学D）个人计算机2.下列选项中，属于主机范畴的是___________。
A）光盘B）打印机C）U盘D）内存
3.与十进制数100不等值的数是__________。
A）（1011011）2 B）（1100100）2C）（144）8D）（64）16
4.下列有关Windows“文件”的叙述，不正确的是_________。
A）文件夹中既可以存放文件，又可以存放文件夹
B）文件夹中不能存放同名文件
C）不同文件夹中可以存放同名文件
D）名称相同的文件和文件夹可以存放在同一文件夹中
5.在Windows中右键单击文件后，在弹出的快捷方式中选择“发送到”→“桌面快捷方式”，
则_________。
A）移动该文件到桌面B）复制该文件到桌面C）在桌面建立快捷图标D）从桌面发送电子邮件
6.最古老、最基本的一种信息保护措施是_________。
A）病毒防护B）防火墙C）加密D）入侵检测
7.在计算机多媒体技术中，ASCII码属于__________媒体。
A）感觉B）表示C）储存D）传输
8.下列有关计算机病毒的叙述，不正确的是__________。
A)计算机病毒可以把自身复制到内存
B）长期不使用感染计算机病毒的计算机，计算机病毒可以自动消失
C）计算机病毒可以潜伏在文件中，并不立即发作
D）计算机病毒可以侵占系统资源，影响系统运行性能
9.网址https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9812676273.html,中http表示________。
A)用户名B）主机的ＩＰ地址或域名Ｃ）超文本传输协议Ｄ）资源在主机上的存放路径
10．用高级程序设计语言编写的程序称为_________。
A）源Ｂ）可执行Ｃ）伪代码Ｄ）目标
11．以下选项中叙述正确的是____________。
A）C语言程序总是从第一个定义的函数开始执行
B）在C语言程序中，被调用的函数必须在main（）函数中声明
C）C语言程序总是从main（）函数开始执行
D）C语言程序中的main（）函数必须放在程序的开始部分
12．C语言程序的三种基本结构是顺序结构、选择结构和________结构。
A）循环B）递归C）转移D）嵌套
13．以下选项中不属于C语言的基本数据类型____________。
A）int B）double C）char D）bool
14.以下选项中正确的C语言标识符是_________。
A）2b B）x__1 C）a@b D）3#h
15.以下选项中关于C语言的叙述错误的是____________。
A）变量不能使用大写字母命名
B）在一个表示中可以出现不同类型的变量
C）可以将一个字符型常量赋值给一个整型变量
D）可以将一个整型常量赋值给一个实型变量
16.以下选项中，和语句ｋ＝ｎ＋＋；等价的是___________。
A）k=n，n=n+1；B）n=n+1,k=n；C）k=++n；D）k=n+1；
17.已知：int i=3，j=2；，则执行语句j*==i+2；printf（“%d”，j）；后，输出结果是________。
A）8 B）10 C）12 D）14
18.已知：int a=2,b=3,c；，则执行语句c=(a+2,b+2)；后，输出结果是__________。
A）2 B）3 C）4 D）5
19.已知：int x,y；float z；，若要给变量x，y，z输入数据，以下正确的输入语句是______。
A）scanf(“%d,%d,%d”,x,y,z); B)scanf(“%d,%d,%f”,&x;&y;&z);
C)scanf(“%d,%d,%f”,&x,&y,&z); D)scanf(“%2d,%2d,%3.2f”,x;y;z);
20.华氏温度F和摄氏温度C的关系是c=5/9(F-32)。已知：float c，f；，由华氏温度F求摄氏温度C的不正确的复制表达式是_______。
A）c=5/9(f-32) B)c=5.0/9*(f-32) C)c=5*(f-32)/9 D)c=(float)5/9*(f-32) 21.一个C程序中要调用sqrt（）函数时，应在程序中包含的头文件是________。
A）stdio.h B)math.h C)string.h D)stdlib.h
22.已知：char c=‘a’；，则执行语句printf（“%c”，c-32）；后，输出结果是________。
A）A B）65 C）97 D）出错
23.能正确表示逻辑关系“a≥5或a≤﹣1”的C语言表达式是_________。
A）a>=5.or .a<=﹣1 B)a>=5.and.a<=﹣1 C）a>=5&&a<=﹣1 D)a>=5||a<=﹣1
24.已知：int i=7；则表达式9<=i<=20的值是___________。d
A）0 B）1 C）19 D）表达式不正确
25.已知：int a=3,b=6,c=1;则执行语句（a>b）&&(c=b+2);后，c的值是_________。
A）0 B）1 C）6 D）8
26.if（表达式）……；语句中的表达式___________。
A）只能是关系表达式B）只能是逻辑表达式C）只能是关系表达式或逻辑表达式C）可以是任何表达式
27.已知：int k=1;则语句while(k<=5) k++;中循环体语句执行的次数是_________。
A）0 B）4 C）5 D）6
28.执行下面程序后，输出结果是____________。
#include
Void main()
{
Int x,y;
For(x=1,y=10;x y--; printf(“%d\n”,x); } A) 5 B)6 C)4 D)死循环 29.已知以下程序 Int p; Do{ Scanf(“%d”,&p); } While(p>=100); 此处循环的结束条件是_________。 A）p的值大于100 B）P的值大于等于100 C）P的值小于100 D）P 的值小于等于100 30．已知：int a[8]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8},x;,则执行语句x=s[2]+s[4];后，x的值是_________。 A）8 B）6 C）7 D）3 31.对一维数组初始化正确的语句是_________。 A）int s[4]={0,1,2,3,4}; B)int s[]={0,1,2,3,4}; C)int s[4];s{0,1,2,3,4}; D) int s[];s{0,1,2,3,4}; 32.已知：char s[20];以下正确的语句是__________。 A）s=”Merry Christmas”; B)s[20]= ”Merry Christmas”; C)strcpy(s, ”Merry Christmas” ); D)strcpy(”Merry Christmas”,s); 33.已知：char a[3][10]={“heifei”,”anqing”,”huangshan”};，能正确显示字符 ‘q’的语句是___________。 A）printf（“%c”，a[1][2]）; B）printf(“%c”,a[2][2]); C）printf(“%c”,a[1][3]); D）printf(“%c”,a[2][3]); 34.执行以下程序后，输出结果是__________。 #include Void swap(int *x,int *y) {int t; t=*x，*x=*y，*y=t； } Void main( ) {int a=12，b=24； Swap(&a,&b)； Printf(“%d,%d”，a，b)； } 35.若调用函数时用数组名作为实参，则传递给形参的是___________。 A)数组首地址B）数组的第一个元素值C）数组中全部元素的值 D）数组元素的个数 36.执行以下程序后，输出结果是______________。 #include V oid main( ) { int a[6]={4,2,10,5,20,7},*p=a; Printf(“%d”,*(p+2)); Ａ）２Ｂ）３Ｃ）６Ｄ）１０ 37.执行以下程序后，输出结果是＿＿＿＿＿＿。 #define SQ(a) a*a #include V oid main( ) { int a=3; Printf(“%d”,9/SQ(a)); } A) 1 B)3 C)6 D)9 38.已知： Struct student {int number; Char name[10]; Char sex; }s; 则以下叙述中正确的是______________。 A）struct是类型名B）s是类型名C）s是结构体变量 D)student是结构体变量 39.已知：int a=15;,执行语句a=a<<2;后，变量a的值是____________。 A)20 B)40 C)60 D)80 40.若要打开已存在的文本文件abc.txt,并对此文件进行读、写操作，则正确的语句是____________。 A）fopen（“abc.txt”,”r”）; B) )fopen(“abc.txt”,”r+”); C)fopen(“abc.txt”,”rb”); D) )fopen(“abc.txt”,”w”); 二．填空题（每空2分，共20分） 1.已知int x=8,y=3;,则执行语句x%=y;后x的值是____________。 2.已知int a=7,b=2;,则执行语句printf(“%d”,a/b);后的输出结果是_____________。 3.执行语句printf(“%.4f”,2012.20122102);后的结果是________________。 4.已知int x=010;,则执行语句printf（”%d”,x）;后的输出结果是______________。 5.数学条件式“20 6.已知int a=1,b=2,c=3,d=4;,则条件表达式a 7.已知int a[4][3]={{1,2,3},{3,4,5},{4,5,6},{5,6,7}};,则表达式a[2][1]+a[3][2]的值是________________。 8.已知int a[10]={19,23,44,17,37,28,49,36},*p=a;,则表达值为37的数组元素的表达式*（p+______）。 9.已知char str[ ]=”input”;,则printf（”%s”,str+2）;后的输出结果是_____________。 10.已知： Struct student { Int id Char name[20]; Int sex; }wang; 假设sizeof（int）等于4，则sizeof（wang）的值是___________。 三．阅读题（每题4分，共20分） 1.以下程序的运行结果是___________。 #include V oid main( ) { Int score=85; Switch(score/10) { Case 10: Case 9:printf(“A”);break; Case 8:printf(“B”);break; Case 7:printf(“C”);break; Case 6:printf(“D”);break; default:printf(“E”);break; } 2.下面程序运行后，输入2011,12,24<回车>，程序的运行结果是_____________。#include V oid main( ) { Int a,b,c,t; Scanf(“%d,%d,%d”,&a,&b,&c); If(a If(a If(b Printf(“%d>=%d>=%d”,a,b,c); 3以下程序运行结果是___________。 #include V oid main( ) { Int I,j; For(i=1;i<=3;i++) {for(j=1;j<=I;j++) Printf(“*”); } } 4.以下程序的运行结果是____________。 #include V oid main( ) { Int i=0; While(s[i]<=…9?&&s[i]>=?0?) I++; S[i]=?\0?; } V oid main( ) { Char s[ ]=?2012 year?; Scanf(s); Printf(“%s”,s); } 5.以下程序的运行结果是_____________。 #include Int f(int n) { If(n==1) Return 1; Else Return 2*f(n-1)+2; } V oid main( ) { printf（“%d\n”,f(1)）; Printf(“%d”,f(4)); } 四、编程题（第一题6分，第二、三题7分，共20分） 1.（6分）设计程序从键盘输入两个整数，打印输出这两个数中的较小值。2（7分）利用循环语句编写程序，计算11+111+211+311+……+2011并输出结果。 3.（7分）设有未完成的函数： Char getchar(char c) { chars[ ]=”9038571426” …… } 字符串s中无序的存储了10个数字字符，没有重复。函数的功能是：（1）如果字符c不是数字字符，函数原样返回该字符； （2）在s中查找字符c并返回其在s中的前一个字符。如果该字符位于s的最前面（字符…9?），则返回最后一个字符…6?。 例如； getchar（…4?）得到字符…1?，getchar（…T?）得到字符…T? 请设计并完成改函数。 参考答案： 一、单项选择题： 1-5:BDABC 6-10:CBBCA 11-15:CADBA 16-20:ABDCA 21-25:BADBB 26-30:DCBCA 31-35:BCC(24,12)A 36-40:DDCCB 二、填空题： 1:2 2:3 3:2012.2012 4:8 5:x>20 && x<30 6:3 7:12 8:4 9:put 10:28 三、阅读题： 1:B 2:2011>=24>=12 3:******* 4:题目不清5:1 (换行) 22 四、编程题： 1: #include void main() { int x,y; scanf(“%d%d”,&x,&y) ; if(x else printf( “%d\n”,y); } 2: #include void main() { int sum=0,t,n ; for(t=0;t<=20;t++) { n=t*100+11 ; sum=sum+n ; } printf(“%d\n”,sum); } 3: char getchar(char c) { char s[]=”9038571426”; char *p=s,*q; if (c>=?0? && c<=?9?) if (c==*p) return(…6?); else { q=p;p++; while(*p!=c) { q=p; p++; } return(*q); } else return(c); } 1 2009年9月全国计算机等级考试二级笔试 试卷 1）下列数据结构中，属于非线性结构的是 A ）循环队列 B) 带链队列 C) 二叉树 D ）带链栈 2）下列数据结果中，能够按照“先进后出”原则存取数据的是 A) 循环队列 B) 栈 C)队列 D)二叉树 3）对于循环队列，下列叙述中正确的是 A ）队头指针是固定不变的 B ）队头指针一定大于队尾指针 C ）队头指针一定小于队尾指针 D ）队头指针可以大于队尾指针，也可以小于队尾指针 4）算法的空间复杂度是指 A ）算法在执行过程中所需要的计算机存储空间 B ）算法所处理的数据量 C ）算法程序中的语句或指令条数 D ）算法在执行过程中所需要的临时工作单元数 5）软件设计中划分模块的一个准则是 A) 低内聚低耦合 B) 高内聚低耦合 C) 低内聚高耦合 D) 高内聚高耦合 6）下列选项中不属于结构化程序设计原则的是 A) 可封装 B) 自顶向下 C) 模块化 D) 逐步求精 7）软件详细设计产生的图如下： 该图是 A) N-S 图 B) PAD 图 C) 程序流程图 D) E-R 图 8）数据库管理系统是 A ）操作系统的一部分B) 在操作系统支持下的系统软件C) 一种编译系统 D) 一种操作系统 9）在E-R 图中，用来表示实体联系的图形是 A) 椭圆图B) 矩形C) 菱形D) 三角形 10）有三个关系R ，S 和T 如下： 其中关系T 由关系R 和S 通过某种操作得到，该操作为 A) 选择 B) 投影 C) 交 D) 并 11）以下叙述中正确的是 A ）程序设计的任务就是编写程序代码并上机 B ）程序设计的任务就是确定所用数据结 构 C ）程序设计的任务就是确定所用算法 D ）以上三种说法都不完整 12）以下选项中，能用作用户标识符的是 A ）void B ）8_8 C ）_0_ D ）unsigned 13）阅读以下程序 #include 2011年12月大学英语六级真题 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous remark, "Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend, the first four sharpening the axe." You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. The Way to Success 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer thequestions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of Piracy? In recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard to make digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europe - including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process. Why is Google undertaking such a venture? Why is it even interested in all those out-of-printlibrary books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? Thecompany claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to "organise the world's information", so it would be odd if that information did not include books. The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. "This really isn't about making money. We are doing this for the good of society." As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: "By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge." Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that thisis primarily a philanthropic (慈善的) exercise. "Google's core business is search and find, soobviously what helps improve Google's search engine is good for Google," he says. "But we havenever built a spreadsheet (电子数据表) outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have neverhad to justify the amount I am spending to the company's founders." It is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Google's book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google. First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the world's books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions I and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1.A)Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow. B) A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences. C)Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow. D) A wandering cow was captured by the police. 2.A) It was shot to death by a police officer. B)It found its way back to the park' s zoo. C)It became a great attraction for tourists. D)It was sent to the animal control department. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3.A) It is the largest of its kind. B)It is going to be expanded. C)It is displaying more fossil specimens. D)It is staring an online exhibition. 4.AJA collection of bird fossils from Australia. B)Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits. C)Some ancient wall paintings from Australia. D)Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5.A) Pick up trash. B)Amuse visitors. C)Deliver messages. D)Play with children. 6.A) They are especially intelligent. 8)They are children' s favorite. C They are quite easy to tame. D) They are clean and pretty. 7.A) Children may be harmed by the rooks. B)Children may be tempted to drop litter. C)Children may contract bird diseases. 计算机二级c语言历年真题及答案【篇一：国家计算机二级c语言历年真题及答案】 class=txt>c语言程序设计 （考试时间90分钟，满分100分） 一、选择题（（1）—（10）、（21）—（40）每题2分，（11）—（20）每题1分，共70分） （1）下列数据结构中，属于非线性结构的是 a）循环队列 b) 带链队列 c) 二叉树 d）带链栈 （2）下列数据结果中，能够按照“先进后出”原则存取数据的是 a) 循环队列 b) 栈 c)队列 d)二叉树 （3）对于循环队列，下列叙述中正确的是 a）队头指针是固定不变的 b）队头指针一定大于队尾指针 c）队头指针一定小于队尾指针 d）队头指针可以大于队尾指针，也可以小于队尾指针 （4）算法的空间复杂度是指 a）算法在执行过程中所需要的计算机存储空间 b）算法所处理的数据量 c）算法程序中的语句或指令条数 d）算法在执行过程中所需要的临时工作单元数 （5）软件设计中划分模块的一个准则是 a) 低内聚低耦合 b) 高内聚低耦合 c) 低内聚高耦合 d) 高内聚高耦合 （6）下列选项中不属于结构化程序设计原则的是 a) 可封装 d) 自顶向下 c) 模块化 d) 逐步求精 （7）软件详细设计产生的图如下： 该图是 a) n-s图 b) pad图 c) 程序流程图 d) e-r图 （8）数据库管理系统是 a）操作系统的一部分 b) 在操作系统支持下的系统软件 c) 一种编译系统 d) 一种操作系统 （9）在e-r图中，用来表示实体联系的图形是 a) 椭圆图 b) 矩形 c) 菱形 d) 三角形 （10）有三个关系r，s和t如下： 其中关系t由关系r和s通过某种操作得到，该操作为 a) 选择 b) 投影 c) 交 d) 并 （11）以下叙述中正确的是 a）程序设计的任务就是编写程序代码并上机调试 b）程序设计的任务就是确定所用数据结构 c）程序设计的任务就是确定所用算法 d）以上三种说法都不完整 （12）以下选项中，能用作用户标识符的是 a）void b）8_8 c）_0_ d）unsigned （13）阅读以下程序 2011年12月大学英语六级真题答案 快速阅读 1. Google claims its plan for the world’s biggest online library is _____ 【答案】B. to serve the interest of the general public【解析】该题问的是Google 所声称的自己图书馆计划的目的。根据顺序原则该题靠前，同时注意到第三段开头连续并列why，提示第三段很有可能提到原因或目的。用claim定位至第三段第三句，该句motive 引出后面Google声称的原因是“本质上被公众精神驱动”，三段末更提到是为了所有人的知识需求。核心名词public及句意都对应B选项。 2. According to Santiago de la Mora, Google’s book-scanning project will 【答案】B. broaden humanity’s intellectual horizons【解析】该题问的是Santiago de la Mora对Google图书扫面项目的看法。用人名可定位至四段中，之后该人提到Goo gle该项目能expand the frontiers of human knowledge，即拓广人类知识的范围。对应B选项。核心名词knowledge被改为同义词intellectual，frontier被同义替换为horizon，动词expand被同义替换为broaden。 3. Opponents of Google Books believe that digitally archiving the world's books should be controlledby_______. 【答案】C. non-profit organizations【解析】该题问的是反对Google的人对数字知识控制者的看法。用opponents可定位至第7段前后，control可进一步定位至第八段最后R obert Darnton的观点。该人认为只有public, not-for-profit bodies 可以有控制数字知识的权利，对应C选项。Bodies被同义替换为organization。 4.【答案】D. the copyright of the books it scanned【解析】该题问的是Google卷入官司的原因。由legal battle可定位至第9段前后，用之后第10段短首出现的however C 语言理论上机考试选择题部分（共200题） 1、下面程序的输出是___D______ #include a+=a-=a*a 后,a 的值是____D____ A) 552 B) 264 C) 144 D) -264 9、执行下面程序中的输出语句后,输出结果是____B__. #include 作文： Nothing succeeds without a strong will There is a prevalent joke around young people saying that ‘quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world, and I’ve done it for hundreds of times.’ This seemingly funny statement ironically reflects the fact that the determination of most youngsters is oftentimes started with enthusiasm, but the passion becomes increasingly weaker each day, and then diminishes as if there has been no such thing at all. It is obvious that their failure in ‘quitting smoking’ and decline of determination are all ascribed to their lack of will. Initially, every success involves several stages of setbacks and risks, and we need to summon up our will to conquer them. Moreover, there are enormous temptation in our path of pursuit of success. For instance, when we plan to quit smoking, our roommates may smoke freely in front of us; when we are eager to keep fit, our close friends may invite us to have late night snacks. Under these occasions, only strong will can assist us to resist the temptation, and persist in chasing our goals until we triumphantly realize them. In short, no dream will successfully come true if we do not have strong will. An old famous proverb says that ‘ where there is a will, there is a way’. Let us bear this motton in mind no matter how many thunders and thorns are on our roads ahead, then we will be successful with such precious and powerful spirit. [快速阅读] 快速阅读 1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______. A) sticks to them in their daily life B) makes them known to others C) understands their true values D)sees that others also follow them 选择sticks to them in their daily life 定位在原文第一段，文中说正直(integrity)的关键是一致性(consistency)，不仅要有很多道德和伦理的准则，还要每天都坚守。 2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships? A) It helps to create team spirit B) It facilitates communication C) It is the basis of mutual trust D) It inspires mutual respect 选择It is the basis of mutual trust. 二级C语言试题 一、判断题（2×8=16分） 1、printf()函数总是从新行的起始位置开始打印。（ F ） 2、所有的变量在使用前都必须予以申明。（F） 3、在申明变量时必须给出变量的类型。（T） 4、C语言认为变量number和NuMbEr是相同的。( F) 5、打印三行输出的C语言程序必须用三条printf语句。（F） 6、求余运算符%只能用于两个整数操作数。（T） 7、switch选择结构中必须有default子句。（F） 8、如果x>y或a 之 2011年12月大学英语六级全真预测试题及答案解析 2011年12月英语六级全真预测试题及答案解析 一、阅读理解 第1题： Occasional self-medication has always been part of normal living. The making and selling of drugs have a long history and are closely linked, like medical practice itself, with the belief in magic. Only during the last hundred years or so has the development of scientific techniques made it possible for some of the causes of symptoms to be understood, so that more accurate diagnosis has become possible. The doctor is now able to follow up the correct diagnosis of many illnesses with specific treatment of their causes. In many other illnesses, of which the causes remain unknown, it is still limited, like the unqualified prescriber, to the treatment of symptoms. The doctor is trained to decide when to treat symptoms only and when to attack the cause: this is the essential difference between medical prescribing and self-medication. The advance of technology has brought about much progress in some fields of medicine, including the development of scientific drug therapy. In many countries public health organization is improving and people's nutritional standards have risen. Parallel with such beneficial trends have two adverse effects. One is the use of high-pressure advertising by the pharmaceutical industry, which has tended to influence both patients and doctors and has led to the overuse of drugs generally. The other is the emergence of the sedentary society with its faulty ways of life: lack of exercise, over-eating, unsuitable eating, insufficient sleep, excessive smoking and drinking. People with disorders arising from faulty habits such as these, as well as from unhappy human relationships, often resort to self-medication and so add the taking of pharmaceuticals to the list. Advertisers go to great lengths to catch this market. Clever advertising, aimed at chronic sufferers who will try anything because doctors have not been able to cure them, can induce such faith in a preparation, particularly if steeply priced, that it will produce—by suggestion—a very real effect in some people. Advertisements are also aimed at people suffering from mild complaints such as simple colds and coughs, which clear up by themselves within a short time. These are the main reasons why laxatives, indigestion remedies, painkillers, tonics, vitamin and iron tablets and many other preparations are found in quantity in many households. It is doubtful whether taking these things ever improves a person's health; it may even make it worse. Worse because the preparation may contain unsuitable ingredients; worse because the taker may become dependent on them; worse because they might be taken in excess; worse because they may cause poisoning, and worse of all because symptoms of some serious underlying cause may be masked and therefore medical help may not be sought. 1. The first paragraph is intended to ________. [A] suggest that self-medication has a long history [B] define what diagnosis means exactly [C] praise doctors for their expertise [D] tell the symptoms from the causes 《C 语言程序设计》期末试卷 一、单项选择题(10x2’=20’) 1、以下叙述正确的是（） A ）C 语言的源程序不必通过编译就可以直接运行。 B ） C 语言中的每条可执行语句最终都将被转换成二进制的机器指令。 C ）C 语言源程序经编译形成的二进制代码可以直接运行。 D ）C 语言中的函数不可以单独进行编译。 2、一个C 语言的源程序中（） A ）必须有一个主函数 B ）可能有多个主函数 C ）必须有除主函数外其它函数 D ）可以没有主函数 3、以下不能定义为用户标识符的是（） A ）scanf B ）Void C ）_3com D ）int 4、若以下选项中的变量已正确定义，则正确的赋值语句是（） A ）x1=26.8%3; B ）1+2=x2; C ）x3=0x12; D ）x4=1+2=3; 5、设有定义：floata=2,b=4,h=3;以下C 语言表达式中与代数式h b a *)(2 1 的计算结果不．相符的是（） A ）(a+b)*h/2 B ）(1/2)*(a+b)*h C ）(a+b)*h*1/2 D ）h/2*(a+b) 6、C 语言中用于结构化程序设计的3种基本结构是（） A ）顺序结构、选择结构、循环结构 B ）if 、switch 、break C ）for 、while 、do-while D ）if 、for 、continue 7．在while （!x ）语句中的!x 与下面条件表达式等价的是（） A)x!=0B)x==1C)x!=1D)x==0 8、有以下程序： #include 2011年12月英语四级真题 Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, "Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I've done it hundreds of times." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Why Integrity Matters What is Integrity? The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation. What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals. Risky Business We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future. Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense. "But Everybody Does It" Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it," "I'm not hurting anyone," or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making--and that leads to bad decisions. To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.历年二级C语言笔试真题及答案
2011年12月大学六级真题+听力原文+答案详解
2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题完整版(第一套)
计算机二级c语言历年真题及答案
2011年12月大学英语六级真题答案
C语言考试题库及答案复习整理
2011年12月英语四级真题及答案详解
二级C语言试题(含答案)
2011年12月英语六级全真预测试题及答案解析
C语言期末考试题(含答案)
2011年12月英语四级真题及答案
- 大学英语四级阅读真题2011年12月
- 2011年12月四级真题答案 听力原文 范文
- 2011年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析
- 2011年12月英语四级全真预测试卷及答案(6)-2
- 2011年12月17四级完型真题及答案
- 2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题完整版(第一套)
- 2011年12月四级听力真题
- 2011年12月英语四级(CET4)真题
- 2011年12月英语4级真题和答案及解析文
- 12月大学英语四级真题及答案汇总
- 2014年12月四级真题原文(第1套)
- 英语四级真题试卷
- 2011年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答阅读
- 2011年12月大学英语四级全真预测试题四及答案解析 - 副本
- 2012年12月英语四级真题及答案解析完整版
- 2011年12月英语四级作文题目及范文
- 2011年12月17四级快速阅读真题及答案
- 2011年12月英语四级全真预测试卷及答案(3)-3
- 2011年12月大学英语四级真题试卷及参考答案(DOC)
- 2012年12月英语四级真题及答案