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初中英语语法知识难点大全

英语语法知识难点（一）

（一）形容词和副词

I．要点

A．形容词

1、形容词的用法

形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时还可作状语。如：

He is honest and hard-working.I found the book interesting.

某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如：

The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.The English like to be with their families.

多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：

冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态（描述性）+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如：

the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.

2、形容词比较等级的形式

（1）规则形式

一般说来，单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; --est 来构成比较级和最高级；其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most.如: great-greater-greatest busy-busier-busiest important-more important-(themost important

（2）不规则形式

good (well-better-best bad (ill-worse-worst many (much-more-most little-less-least

（3）形容词比较等级的用法

①表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than. 如：

He is cleverer than the other boys. This one is more beautiful than that one.

②表示两者以上的比较，用"the +形容词最高级（+名词）+of(in …"如：He is the cleverest boy in his class.

③表示两者是同等程度，用"as +形容词原级+as". 如：He is as tall as I.I have as many books as you.

④越… 越… 例如：The more I learn, the happier I am.

⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好

又如：You can never praise the teacher too highly. 你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。

⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day.那一天是最令我担心的一天。

I have never had a better dinner.这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。

⑦ My English is no better than yours.我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。

B．副词

1、副词的种类

（1）时间副词如：ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等

（2）地点副词如：here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside 等。

（3）方式副词如：carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。

（4）程度副词如：almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。

2、副词比较等级的用法

其用法与形容词相似，只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如：

Of all the boys he sings (the most beautifully.We must work harder.

3、某些副词在用法上的区别

（1） already, yet, still

already表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：

We've already watched that film.I haven't finished my homework yet.He still works until late every night.

（2） too, as well, also, either

too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑问句，too和as well多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：

He went there too.He didn't go there either.I like you as well.I also went there.

(3 hard, hardly hardly意为"几乎"与hard在词义上完全不同。如：

I work hard every day.I can hardly remember that.

(4 late, lately lately意为"最近、近来"，late意为"晚、迟"。如：

He never comes late.Have you been to the museum lately?

（二）介词

I．要点

1、介词和种类

（1）简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without 等。

（2）复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。

2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系

（1）和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about 等。

（2）和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at

（3）和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.

3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少数几个副词。如：He came right after dinner.He lives directly opposite the school.

4、某些介词的意义与用法举例

（1） at, on, in（表时间）

表示时间点用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。

指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。

指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。

（2） between, among（表位置）

between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如

I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.The village lies between three hills.

among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：He is the best among the students.

（3） beside, besides

beside意为"在…旁边"，而besides意为"除…之外"。如：He sat beside me. What do you want besides this?

（4）in the tree, on the tree

in the tree 指动物或人在树上，而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上

（5）on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way

on the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法

（6）in the corner, at the corner

in the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外

（7）in the morning, on the morning

in the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨

（8）by bus, on the bus

by bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车

（三）连词

I．要点

1、连词的种类

（1）并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。

（2）从属连词用来引导从句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。

除了从属连词（引导状语从句）外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词（引导名词性从句），关系代词和关系副词（引导定语从句）。

2、常用连词举例

(1and 和，并且 They drank and sang all night.

(2 both…and 和，既…也…Both my parents and I went there.

(3 but 但是，而I'm sad, but he is happy.

(4 either……or 或…或…，要么…要么…Either you're wrong, or I am.

(5 for因为I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.

(6 however 然而，可是 At first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.

(7 neither……nor 既不…也不Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.

(8 not only…but(also 不但…而且…He not only sings well, but also dances well.

(9 or 或者，否则 Hurry up, or you'll be late. Are you a worker or a doctor?

(10 so 因此，所以It's getting late, so I must go.

(11 although 虽然Although it was late, they went on working.

(12 as soon as 一…就I'll tell him as soon as I see him.

(13 because 因为He didn't go to school, because he was ill.

（14）unless 除非，如果不I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.

（15）until 直到…He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬间动词用于not… until 结构He stayed there until eleven.

（16）while 当…时候，而 (表示对比

While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬间动词My pen is red while his is blue.

（17）for 因为He was ill, for he didn't come. (结论是推断出来的

（18）since自从…I have lived here since my uncle left.

（19）hardly… when 一… 就I had hardly got to the station when the train left.

（20）as far as 就…来说As far as I know, that country is very small.You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里

英语语法知识难点（二）

（四）动词时态、语态

I．要点

1、一般现在时

（1）表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用。如：

Sometimes, we go swimming after school.

（2）表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：The earth goes round the sun.

2、现在进行时

(1 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now, at present等时间状语连用。如：What are you doing now?

(2 和always, continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如：He is always doing good deeds.

3、现在完成时

主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?

4、一般将来时表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。如：

I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning. We're going to see a film next Monday.

5、一般过去时表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等词连用。如：It happened many years ago.

6、过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如：What were you doing this time yesterday?

7、过去完成时:表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。The train had already left before we arrived.

８、一般过去将来时表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如：He said he would come, but he didn't.

９、被动语态

被动语态的时态，以give为例。

时／式一般进行完成

现在am /is / are given am /is / are being has/ have been

given

过去was/ were given was/ were being had been given

given

将来shall/ will be given shall/will have been

given

过去将来should/ would be

given should/ would have been given

（五）动词虚拟语气

I．要点

表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。

１、虚拟语气的构成

情景条件从句的谓语动词主句的谓语动词

与现在事实相反动词过去式（be要用

were）

should

+动词原形

would

与过去事实相反had +过去分词should

+have+过去分词would

与将来事实相反１、动词过去时

２、should +动词原形

３、were to +动词原形

should

＋动词原形

would

注：如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had, should, could有时可将if省去, 但要倒装。如：

Had you (If you had invited us, we would have come to your party.

２、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用

（１）在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是"should(可省＋动词原形"，常用于以下三种句型中。

句型一：It is ne cessary (important, natural, strange, etc that…

句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc that…

句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc that…

如： It is strange that he (should have done that.

It is a pity that he (should be so careless.

It is requested that we (should be so careless.

（２）在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是"(should+动词原形"。如：

I suggest that we (should go swimming.

（３）在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should ＋动词原形"。如：His suggestion is that we (should leave at once.

（４）在同位语从句中，谓语形式是"(should＋动词原形"。如：We received order that the work be done at once.

（５）在It is time that…句型中，其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或"should ＋动词原形",should不可省。如：It's time (that we went ( should go to school.

（六）短语动词

I．要点

英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：

（１）动词＋介词

常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from, add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：Don't laugh at others.

I didn't care about it.

（２）动词＋副词

常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：

You'll hand in your homework tomorrow. Please don't forget to hand it in.

（３）动词＋副词＋介词

常见的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with

等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：

All his money added up to no more than $100.After a short rest, he went on with his research work.

（４）动词＋名词＋介词

常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：

You should pay attention to your handwriting. We should make full use of our time. （５）动词＋形容词

常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：

The prisoners were set free. He cut it open.

（６）动词＋名词

常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：

This story took place three years ago.I make friends with a lot of people.

（7）辨析

give away(让给，暴露和 give up（放弃，停止）put away（放起，收起）和 put out （扑灭）

turn up（出席，放大）和 turn on （打开） keep out（阻止）和 keep off （不让靠近）

make up（编造，补上）和 make out（辨认）take off（脱，起飞）和 take out （拿出）

（七）动词不定式

I．要点

１、不定式的形式。以动词write为例。

式｜语态主动语态被动语态

一般式to write to be written

完成式to have written to have been written

进行式to be writing

完成进行式to have been writing

２、不定式的句法功能

（１）作主语To hear from you is nice.To be a good teacher is not easy.

不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。如：

It's nice to hear from you. It's not easy to be a good teacher.

（２）作宾语通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等词后。如：I forgot to lock the door. Please remember to write to me.

（３）作表语

My job is to pick up letters. He seemed to have heard nothing.

（４）作定语不定式作定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如：

I have two letters to write. I have a lot of work to do.

（５）作宾补通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等词后。如：

He ordered her to leave at once. He was forced to obey his order.

（６）作状语

He got up early to catch the first bus.He worked hard to catch up with the other students.

（７）作独立成分 To tell you the truth, I told a lie.

（８） "疑问词＋不定式"结构。如：I don't know how to choose them. I cannot decide where to go.

（9）不定式的否定式。如：I decided not to go.

（10）不定式的完成式。如：

He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in. The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.

（11）too…to 结构。如：He was too excited to go to sleep.He was only too glad to go. (他太高兴了，乐意去

（12）主动表被动。如：The book is easy to read.I have a book to read.

（八）动名词

I．要点

动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。

１、动名词的形式，以write为例。

式 | 语态主动语态被动语态

一般式writing being written

完成式having written having been written

否定式 not +动名词

２、动名词的用法

（１）作主语Playing football is my favorite sport.Travelling with friends at weekend is fun.

作主语的动名词结构复杂且长时，可用it作形式主语。如：It is fun travelling with friends at weekend.

（２）作宾语I enjoy playing PC game. He gave up writing five years ago.

（３）作表语What he hated most was doing nothing. Seeing is believing.

动名词作表语时，句子的主语常是无生命名词或what引导的名词性从句。

（４）作定语There's a dining room in my school. All the people watching laughed.

（５）动名词的复合结构"物主代词（或名词的所有格）+动名词"。如：

Tom's going home late made her mother angry. Would you mind my opening the window?

不过，动名词的逻辑主语在遇到以下情况时，必须用名词的普通格（或人称代词的宾格）。

①无生命名词

The girls were afraid of the door suddenly closing. Fire burns better by oxygen being at work.

②有生命名词，但表泛指。Have you ever heard of girls smoking?

③两个以上的有生命的名词并列。Do you still remember my parents and me coming to see you that day?

3．后面常接动名词的动词和短语mind, enjoy, finish, consider, practise, magine, keep, suggest, advise, allow, permit, be worth doing, be used to doing, be busy doing, can't help doing, it is no good doing, it is no use doing,look forward to doing, stick to doing, pay attention to doing,devote to doing, lead to doing

（九）分词

I．要点

分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容和副词的句法功能。它分为现在分词和过去分词两类。现在分词和过去分词的主要差别在于现在分词有一般式和完成式，过去分词则只有一般式。现在分词表动作正在进行，表主动。过去分词及物动词表动作已经完成，表被动。过去分词不及物动词表动作已经完成，表主动。

过去分词的句法功能：

１、作定语

I like to read the novel written by Lu Xun.The woman sitting beside the broken window was a friend of mine.

２、作表语

When I came into the room, I found the window was broken.I'm interested in this book.

３、作宾语补足语

I'm going to have my bike repaired. When I walked home, I saw the thief caught by the police.

4、作状语

Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks small.The teacher came into the classroom, followed by his students.

现在分词的句法功能。

1、作状语

Seeing from the top of the mountain, I found the city was beautiful.Walking along the street, they suddenly saw him.

2、作宾语

I hate being spoken ill of.He considered visiting Japan during the winter vocation.

3、作表语

Seeing is believing.The book is interesting.

4、作宾语补足语

I noticed him crossing the street.Mother caught him smoking in the kitchen.

5、作定语

Do you know the man writing a letter?The worker running a machine is my brother. 分词使用中的几个问题

1、现在分词的完成式Having cleaned the room, I went out.

2、现在分词的否定式Not having received any letter, he felt a little worried.

3、现在分词与过去分词的不同现在分词表示主动、正在，过去分词表示被动、完成

I found the man killed there. I found the man standing there.

4、have结构

We have the car repaired. We have repaired the car.

We have Tom repair the car. We have Tom repairing the car the whole morning.

5、分词作表语We were excited at the news.The football game is exciting.

6、独立主格结构It being a fine day, we went out to visit the park.

英语语法知识难点（三）

（十）情态动词与助动词

I．要点

助动词本身无意义，在句中帮助主要动词构成一定的时态，语态、语气，或是帮助构成否定句和疑问句，常用的助动词有be, do, have, shall(should, will(would.情态动词表一定的词义，本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度，它在句中须和主要动词一起构成谓语，主要的情态动词有can(could, may (might, must, have to, ought to, need, dare, shall, should, will, would.

1、can 能，可以，表说话人同意，许可还可表客观条件许可，如:You can go now. 提建议或请求时可用can I, can you表客气，如Can I buy you a drink?

can和be able to表能力时的区别。

can表一般具有的能力，be able to表在特定条件下的能力，如:Although the driver was badly hurt, he was able to explain what had happened.

2、may

（1）、可以，表说话人同意，许可或请求对方许可。You may go.

（2）、（现在和将来）可能，也许，只用于肯定句和否定句中，如He may not be right.

3、must, have to

must表主观上的必须，have to表客观上的必须，如:It's getting late. I have to go. -Must I go now. -Yes, you must.

(No, you needn't./ No, you don't have to.

4、need, dare这二词有实意动词和情态动词两种词性，如用作实意动词后接动词不定式to do，如用作情态动词后接动词原形。Need I go now? --Yes, you must./No, you needn't.

5、shall用于第一人称疑问句中表说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求，如，Shall we begin our lesson?

用于二、三人称陈述句，表说话人命令、警告、允诺、威胁等口吻，如: You shall fail if you don't work harder.

6、should表应该，意为有责任，有义务。如:We should try our best to make our country more beautiful.

7、will表有做某事的意志、意愿、安心、打算，如 "Will you lend me your book?" "Yes, I will."，

8、should have done表应该做而未做must have done表对过去事实的肯定推测could have done表本可以做某事

9、判断句：肯定句用must, 否定句用can't, 不太肯定用may, might

He must be in the office now.He must have gone to bed, for the light is out.He can't be in the office. He is at home.

He couldn't have cleaned the classroom, because he didn't come here today.He might be in the office, I am not sure.

He might have cleaned the room, I suppose.

（十一）句子种类

I．要点

句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句；按结构又分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

1、陈述句的否定

（1）在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词是think, expect, believe, suppose, guess, fancy, imagine等，且主句主语是第一人称时，宾语从句谓语的否定习惯上要移到主句谓语上，如: I don't think he is right.

（2）含有否定意义的副词never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely的句子应视为否定句，如: I have never been there before.

2、反意疑问句

（1） need和dare 既可作情态动词，又可作实意动词，在反问部分须加以区别，如We needn't leave, need we? We don't need to leave, do we?

（2）陈述部分出现否定意义的副词或代词如never, seldom, few, hardly, little等时，反问部分须用肯定形式如：He seldom comes, does he?

（3）陈述部分用不定代词作主语时，反问部分的主语用it ，如：Nothing can stop me, can it?

陈述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone，等作主语时，反问部分常用it，有时也用they，如:Everybody knows that, don't they?

（4）陈述部分包括used to 时，反问部分可有两种形式，如: You used to get up early, usedn't (didn't you?

（5）陈述部分是"there + be"结构时，反问部分用there，如:There's something wrong with you, isn't there?

（6）陈述部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句时，反问部分的主语和谓语应和主句保持一致，如: He never told others what he thought, did he?

但，如果是I think , I believe等 +宾语从句时，反问部分须和从句的动词保持一致，如，I don't think he is right, is he? I don't believe he does that, does he?

3、感叹句

用what或how,

What a beautiful park it is.How beautiful a park it is.How beautiful the park is. How we worked!

4、祈使句

Take care!Don't stand there.Please open the door for the old lady.

（十二）各种从句

I．要点

根据从句在句中的句法功能，从句可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。

1、名词性从句

（1）主语从句

What he wants is a piece of paper.It is believed that he can solve the problem.

注：主语从句的谓语动词用单数。

（2）宾语从句

I don't know how to solve the problem.Do you know where he lives?

（3）表语从句

The problem is who can help me.This is why I came here.

（4）同位语从句

I have no idea where he went. I heard the news that he would come.

同位语从句用that引导，常跟在fact, idea, news, promise, thought, message, hope, belief, doubt等词后，that在从句中不作任何成分。

2、定语从句

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句叫做定语从句，引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和关系副词when, where, why。

（1）that指物时一般可与which互换，但在下列情况下，要用that而不用which。

a. 先行词有all, everything等不定代词时，如，Everything (that he did is wrong.

b. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时，如，I'll read all the books (that you lend me.

c. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，This is the first letter (that the boy has written.

d. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，如He is the very man (that I'm looking for.

e. 只用which的情况在介词后或在非限定性定语从句中

This is the book about which we have talked a lot.The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting.

f. where和when作关系副词

This is the room where I worked. This is the room which I stayed in.

I remembered the day when we lived there.I remembered the day that I spent there.

g. as和which as 可以放于句首，而which 不可以As you know, he is good at English.

three of them 和three of which

I have a lot of books, three of which are in Russian.I have a lot of books and three of them are in Russian.

3、状语从句

在复合句中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语、结果状语、条件状语、行为方式状语、比较状语、让步状语等多种。

（十三）主谓一致

I．要点

谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义上一致和就近一致。

1、语法上一致

（1）、以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数，主语为复数时，谓语用复数，如，To work hard is necessary for a student.

（2）、用and或both……and连接的并列主语，谓语动词用复数，如，Both he and I are right.

但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，如, His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.

（3）、主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有as well as, but ,except, besides, with ,along with, together with, like等，谓语动词仍用单数，如，The teacher as well as his students is excited.

（4）、某些不定代词，如做主语，谓语动词要用单数，如:Everyone has a book.

（5）、一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数，如，A lot of people are dancing outside.

2、意义上一致

（1）、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数，如，Twenty years is not a long time.

（2）、表示总称意义的名词public, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词用复数，如，

People are talking about the accident.

（3）、有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数，如指其中每个成员，则用复数，如，My family is a big one.My family are watching TV.

3、邻近一致

初中英语语法大全知识点总结

英语语法大全初中英语语法学习提纲一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如： He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：

初中英语语法知识点总结

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

初中英语语法大全汇总

初中英语语法大全汇总（一）一.词类( ) 名词英文名称(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称例词等冠词英文名称(缩写为.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。例词a() 代词英文名称(缩写为) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词例词形容词英文名称(缩写为.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征例词. 数词英文名称(缩写为.) 表示数量或是顺序。例词动词英文名称(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。例词() 副词英文名称(缩写为.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。例词介词英文单词(缩写为.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。例词. 连词英文单词(缩写为.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。例词. 感叹词英文单词(缩写为.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。例词. 二.名词() 1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。中国亚洲北京。专有名词的第一个字母要大写。普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: 老师茶改革普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。马汽车房间苹果风扇照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。人们家庭军队政府集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。火钢空气水牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。劳动健康生活友情耐力 2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词( )有复数形式,如: a 不可数名词( )一般没有复数形式. 抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。沙糖有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。玻璃玻璃杯纸报纸,文件名词的功能名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。

初中英语语法知识点(全)

七年级（上） 1.family name = last name 姓first name = given name 名字 2. 用某种语言用介词in （如in English） 3. 电话用语中this that 回答 “Is that Mr.H” “Yes，it is” 4.hat 有边沿的帽子cap 有帽舌的帽子 5.名词的复数形式：①一般+s ②s,x,ch,sh,结尾的+es ③辅音字母+y 去y为I，+es ④o结尾，除了negro hero tomato potato +es，其余+s ⑥特殊名词复数形式 6.应对道谢You are welcome = That’s all right =That’s OK = Not at all = It’s my pleasure. 7.Here you are = Here it is = It is here 倒装句here +be +名词here +代词+be 8.in 年月季节on 日星期几节日at 钟点 9.join 参加加入（团体组织）take part in 参加（活动） 10. be busy doing 11.be strict with sb be strict in sth 12.bring+人或物+to +地点把…带到某地 bring+人或物+for+人给某人带来… 13. start doing start +名词 start to do的情况：主语是物不是人;start本身为starting时;其后的动词与想法感情有关14.what time is it？=what’s time？询问钟点回答：It is….（一律）单词：trumpet喇叭racket（网球羽毛球）球拍plural复数，复数形式，复数的ninth第九furniture家具February二月eraser橡皮擦dresser梳妆台 drum鼓documentary纪录片description描述broccoli花椰菜biology生物学 comedy喜剧singular单数plural复数七年级（下） 1.hear from sb. 收到…的来信 2.be friendly to 对…友好 3.another 另一，再一 other 其他的，别的（无范围）+名词（复数） the other 两个中的另一个（通常搭配one…the other…） others 其他的人或物（代词） the others 多个中的剩余几个（不加名词，通常搭配some….the others…） 4.what+be+主语?=what do/does+主语+do？询问职业 5.be surprised + at sth./to do sth./句子 6.in the corner 屋里某个角落 on the corner = at the corner 街头某个拐角处 7.every day 每天（状语）everyday 日常每天的adj.+ n.. 8. in the tree 在树上（非树本身的一部分）on the tree 在树上（树上的一部分） 9.in hospital 住院in the hospital 在医院工作 10. agree with sb agree to sth 答应agree on/upon/about 达成一致意见 11.tell…from…把…与…区别开来

初中生中考必须掌握的英语语法大汇总

语法知识是在掌握一定量的单词和短语的基础上才能获得的。因此，单词的形态变化是语法学习的基础之基础。而九种基本时态和含有不复杂的状语从句及宾语从句的复合句是初中生学习的重点也是语法学习的难点。总之，语法部分是英语学习的重点和难点。语法知识掌握得好，将大大加快英语学习的进程。本文帮大家归纳了词法、九种基本时态以及初中生需要掌握五种基本从句，希望对广大中学生有所帮助。 1词法 ▊ 1.名词 1.1 名词的可数与不可数可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量，它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目，来统计，都成为不可数名词。不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量，没有复数形式。要表示“一个……”这一概念，就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词，在英语里却不可数。如：chalk，paper，bread，rice，grass，news等。 1.2 名词复数的规则变化 A.一般情况下加-s。 B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es C.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es D.以f，fe结尾的，去掉f或fe，变成v再加-es 1.3 名词的所有格 A.单数名词词尾加’s，复数名词词尾若没有s，也要加’s。如：the worker's bike，the Children’ s ball

B.表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后’ s。如：This is Lucy and Licy’ s room. These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms. C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词，只加’。如:the students’ books，the girls’ blouses (另外：名词+of+名词名词是有生命的，我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的，我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。) ▊ 2.代词人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，不定代词 2.1 人称代词第一人称单数 I me my mine myself 复数we us our ours ourselves 第二人称单数you you your yours yourself 复数you you your yours yourselves 第三人称单数he him his his himself

初中英语语法大全.pdf

1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级 and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……　 32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from……和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing Does he come from Bejing

初中英语语法知识难点整理(精品)

初中英语语法知识难点整理英语语法知识难点（一）（一）形容词和副词 I．要点 A．形容词 1、形容词的用法形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时还可作状语。如：He is honest and hardworking. I found the book interesting. 某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如： The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city. The English like to be with their families. 多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态（描述性）+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如：the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers. 2、形容词比较等级的形式（1）规则形式一般说来，单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; --est 来构成比较级和最高级；其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most.如： great-greater-greatest busy-busier-busiest important-more important-(the)most important （2）不规则形式 good (well)-better-best bad (ill)-worse-worst many (much)-more-most little-less-least （3）形容词比较等级的用法 ①表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than. 如： He is cleverer than the other boys. This one is more beautiful than that one. ②表示两者以上的比较，用"the +形容词最高级（+名词）+of(in) …"如： He is the cleverest boy in his class. ③表示两者是同等程度，用"as +形容词原级+as". 如： He is as tall as I. I have as many books as you. ④越… 越… 例如：The more I learn, the happier I am. ⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好又如：You can never praise the teacher too highly. 你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。 ⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day. 那一天是最令我担心的一天。 I have never had a better dinner.

初中英语语法(考点)大全

初中英语语法汇总一．词类(Parts of Speech) (2) 二．名词(Nouns) (2) 三．代词(Pronouns) (4) 四．数词(Numeral) (4) 五．动词(Verb) (5) 六．介词(Prepositions) (6) 七．冠词（Articles） (7) 八．形容词（The Adjective） (8) 九．句子的种类(Kinds of Sentences) (9) 十．一般疑问句和特殊疑问句 (9) 考试常用关键词汇（完备） (11)

一．词类(Parts of Speech) 名词英文名称The Noun(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称，例词boy clock book等；代词英文名称The Pronoun(缩写为pron 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词，例词we that his what；数词英文名称The Numeral(缩写为num.) 表示数量或是顺序，例词one thirteen first；动词英文名称The Verb(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态，例词sit go be(am is are); 介词英文单词The Preposition(缩写为prep.)表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系，例词in on of to under；冠词英文名称The Article(缩写为art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物，例词a(an),the；形容词英文名称The Adjective(缩写为adj.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征，例词old red fine good；副词英文名称The Adverb(缩写为adv.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，例词not too here very; 连词英文单词The Conjunction(缩写为conj.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句，例词and or but；感叹词英文单词The Interjection(缩写为interj.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。例词oh hello hi er；二．名词(Nouns) 1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。Lucy，China 中国，Asia 亚洲，Beijing 北京。专有名词的第一个字母要大写；普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: teacher 老师，tea 茶，reform 改革，普通名词又可进一步分为四类； 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。people 人们family 家庭army 军队government 政府 group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。fire 火steel 钢air 空气water 水 milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情 patience耐力 2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词(Countable Nouns)有复数形式,如:an apple，two apples，a car，some cars 不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)一般没有复数形式.

初中英语语法大全精华版

初中英语语法大全语法网络图一．名词 I. 名词的种类： II. 1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下： leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, 2.

III. 名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of 加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. ’s 2. ’s

3. of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 二．冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. That boy is rather a Lei Feng. II.

III. 三．代词： I. 代词可以分为以下七大类： II. 不定代词用法注意点： 1. one, some与any: 1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。One should learn to think of others. Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks. I have some questions to ask.

初中英语语法知识—介词的知识点(1)

一、选择题 1．—Where is Tom? —He is playing football ___________ the playground. A．of B．to C．on D．from 2．—What do you use the shelf ______? —I use it ______ books. A．to; to keep B．to; keep C．for; to keep D．for; keep 3．The old man arrived _________ the village _______ a rainy night. A．at; on B．on; at C．in; at D．on; in 4．North Korea is________Asia. It’s________the northeast of China and________the west of Japan. A．in, to, on B．in, on, to C．on, in, to D．to, on, in 5．The Beijing Daxing InternationalAirport opened________ September 25th, 2019. A．to B．at C．in D．on 6．—What do you think of happiness, Zoe? —I think happiness is a way station too much and too little. A．among B．between C．opposite D．beyond 7．The moonlight is shining in the window. Everything in the room looks so beautiful. A．over B．through C．across D．past 8．—What's the secret good health? —Eating healthy food and taking enough exercise. A．in B．to C．on 9．My uncle has taught in this school________ he was twenty years old. A．after B．for C．until D．since 10．Taiwan is __________ the southeast of China and Hunan is __________ the south of Hubei. A．in；in B．in；on C．on；in D．on；to 11．The Qingming Festival of this year falls _____ April 5th and thousands of cars poured into high-ways _____ the early morning of the holiday. A．on; in B．in; on C．on; on D．in; in 12．The boy read English________every morning ________the age of ten. A．on; in B．on; at C．in; at; D．/; at 13．－What are they talking ________? －I am not sure. Because they are talking ______English, I don't know English . A．to; with B．to; in C．with; about D．about; in 14．We started out in early spring and headed west the northern part of Asia. A．through B．between C．among D．across

初中英语语法大全(总结篇)

资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名

初中英语语法知识点整理总结-代词

代词：英语中代词有人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词。一）.人称代词： 1、主格用来做句子的主语、表语。如：I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) That’s it.(就那么回事) / It’s he!(是他！) 2、宾格用来做及物动词或者介词的宾语如：Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) Help me!(救救我！) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信) 3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如：–It’s I/me.(是我。) 三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。如：Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？) –You and me.(你和我) 4、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性

从句。如：--What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)—It’s fine.(天气晴好) / --What’s the time?(几点啦？) –It’s 12：00.(12点) It’s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路) / It took him three days to clean his house. It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空) We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的) 二）.物主代词： 1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如：Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？) / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays. 2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如：This is your cup, but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？) Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们教室很大,我们的相当小) 3、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如： A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个。) [试比较] My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友)

常德市初中英语语法知识—疑问句的难题汇编及解析

一、选择题 1．—________ is it from the New Town to the old city centre? —About 30 minutes by underground. A．How soon B．How often C．How long D．How far 2．—Is the boy your friend? —No, ________. A．it isn’t B．he isn’t C．she isn’t D．I am not 3．—Raymond,you feed the birds today, ________?—But I fed it yesterday. A．do you B．will you C．didn’t you D．don’t you 4．–________ would you like me to pay you? –Either Ali Pay or WeChat Pay. I don’t care. A．How B．What C．Why D．Who 5．—________ hours do you exercise every day? —Two. A．How long B．How often C．How much D．How many 6．—Is your name Jim Green? —________. A．Yes, I am B．Yes, it is C．No, I am D．Yes, I’m 7．—________ — It is orange. A．What is this? B．What color is it? C．What are these? D．What color are they? 8．—__________ your name, please? —Yes, B-E-N, Ben. A．How do you spell B．How can you speak C．Can you spell D．What is 9．—Where__________ your friend __________from? —He comes from England. A．is; come B．do; come C．does; come D．are; be 10．—Are these your schoolbags? —No, __________aren't. They are__________. A．These; their B．they; theirs C．these; ours D．they; ours 11．---Is Alice writing? ---__________. She is listening to music. A．Yes, she is B．Yes, she does C．No, she doesn’t D．No, she isn’t 12．I am very thirsty now. But there is little water in the glass, ________? A．is there B．isn’t there C．isn’t it D．is it 13．—Is the young woman playing the violin? —________．

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