完形填空解释

英语四级完形填空题型介绍及详细解题步骤

大学英语四级考试的阅读部分，除了传统的两篇仔细阅读和一篇快速阅读，还有一种让考生普遍头痛的考法：选词填空。

选词填空的考察形式是：一篇280词左右的文章，文章中挖出10个空，并统一给出A-O15个备选答案。

选词填空区别于完形填空，有更大的解题难度，原因在于：

1. 完形填空每题都是四选一，选词填空第一题要十五选一，就算用到排除法，最后一题也要六选一，而且在十五个选项中还有五个根本不会用到，难度加大；

2. 完形填空每题的四个选项都是统一的词性，只需要辨析词义、搭配就基本可以作答，而选词填空的十五个选项有多个词性，解题时需要同时判断词性和词义，难度加大；

3. 完形填空每题的四个选项往往都是统一时态，统一形式，而在选词填空中会涉及选项的动词时态、第三人称单数形式、被动主动语态，名词的单复数等的辨析，难度加大。

因此，针对选词填空的解题方法分为三步：

1. 预览选项，了解词义并把选项分为四大类词性：名词n，动词v，形容词a，副词ad，在每个选项后作词性的简要标记；

2. 精读全文开头，把握文章主题，并以三个空或一个段落为一个单位，利用前后文判断每空的词性；

3. 把对应词性的选项逐一带回原文，含义通顺，时态、主谓搭配一致的为正确选项。

四级考试的常用后缀在判断选项词性时可以有一定帮助作用：

常见名词后缀：

-sion，-tion，如：starvation，attraction，profession

-ity，如：quality，diversity

常见动词后缀：

-ate，如：estimate，generate

-en，如：widen，worsen

常见形容词后缀：

-able，如：stable，affordable

-tive，-sive，如：destructive，excessive ，sensitive

-ous，如：unconscious，enormous

常见副词后缀：

-ly，如：deliberately，completely，remarkably，

在根据前后文判断每空的词性时，一些经常考察的形式如下：

名词：

通常来说，冠词（如a，an，the）、形容词、介词后面搭配名词，即“a/an/the/adj./prep. + n.”，举例说明：Education soon became a _____. 冠词a后面加可数名词的单数形式，正确答案是nightmare，这句话的意思是“教育很快成了一种噩梦。”

As the trade winds lessen in _____, the ocean temperatures rise causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 degrees. (06-6) 介词in后面加名词，正确答案是strength，这句话的意思是“当信风强度减弱的时候，海洋温度上升，导致从东部流入的秘鲁洋流上升了5摄氏度之多。”

较难的一个例子：Husbands and children now do some of these jobs, a ____ that has changed the target market for many products. (06-12) 这里可以用两种判断方法来判断横线处所填词的词性。第一种方法，用句子结构来判断，前面一句话，husbands and children now do some of these jobs，这是一个完整的句子，主语husbands and children，谓语动词do，宾语some of these jobs；后面的that引导的是一个同位语从句，它所修饰的中心词就是a后面需要填的词，而定语从句的中心词是名词，所以横线处应填一个名词。第二种方法，根据刚才所说的“a + 名词”的语法规则来判断，横线处应该填一个名词，而且是一个可数名词的单数形式。正确答案是situation。这句话的意思是“丈夫和孩子现在也做一些这样的工作了，这种情况就改变了许多产品的目标市场。”

动词：

动词的考点很多，我们来看其中三种：

1. 主语后缺谓语动词。

举例说明：

He ____ from his teachers, came home in tears and thought about dropping out. 在这句话里，

主语是he，本来后面应该有一个动词作谓语，但是这里没有动词，而是在横线后面出现了一个介词短语from his teachers，这样这句话就缺少谓语动词，所以横线上应该填一个动词。正确答案是hid，这句话的意思是“他不愿见老师，哭着回家，想要退学。”

That’s why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who ___ in pain medicine. (07-6) 在这句话里，who___ in pain medicine是physicians的定语从句，这个定语从句的主语是who，后面也没有跟动词作谓语，而是直接出现了一个介词短语in pain medicine，因此横线上应该填一个动词，而physicians是复数，这就决定了who也是复数，这样横线所填的动词应该与主语性数搭配一致。正确答案是specialize，这句话的意思是“这就是为什么，越来越多的医院现在都依赖上了止痛药配给专家。”

2. 当出现“一个完整的句子+ ，____ + 名词/介词”的结构时，逗号后边的部分是伴随状语，表示伴随状态或者表示原因，应当填动词加ing形式或动词加ed形式。当这个动词与句子主语是主动关系，填动词加ing形式，当两者是被动关系，填动词加ed形式。

举例说明：

The rainfall is increased across South America, ___ floods to Peru. (06-6) 根据独立主格结构原则，应该填动词ing或动词ed，选项中只有bringing符合要求。从意思来看，bring“带来”与rainfall“降雨”之间是主动关系，即“the rainfall brings floods”，所以用bringing无论从意思上还是结构上都符合要求。

3. 横线处如果填谓语动词，往往与上下半句的谓语动词时态一致。

举例说明：

In particular, when older patients ___ of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. (07-6) 上半句when的从句里有主语patients但没有谓语，因此横线处填谓语动词。下半句的谓语动词为were和would都是一般过去时，因此横线里填一个一般过去时的谓语动词。正确答案是complained。

形容词：

当出现“a/the/the most/more +___+名词”的结构时，横线处通常填形容词

举例说明：

The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most _____ weather in modern history. (06-6) the most后面加形容词，表示形容词的最高级。正确答案是destructive。

副词：

1. 当一句话完整的时候，句尾的空往往是副词。

举例说明：

Today, we lake pain _____. （07-6）这句话有主语we，谓语lake，宾语pain，表达完整的意思，句尾判断应该填副词。正确答案是seriously。

2. 当一句话出现“主语+ ___ + 谓语”的情况时，横线处通常填副词。

举例说明：

In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students ____ outperform their peers in monolingual programs.主语是students，谓语是outperform，两者之间通常填副词。正确答案是consistently。

记背选词填空选项的重点范围：

1. 历年曾经考过的复合式听写的单词

2. 历年曾经考过的完形填空的选项，仔细阅读态度题的选项

3. 历年曾经考过的真题中的高频词汇

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M people like to travel by p , because it is fast. But I don’t like it because an airport（机场）is usually far f the city. You have to g there early and wait f hours for the plane to take off（起飞）and it is often late. Y ou can’t open the window. You can’t choose the food. Planes a fast, but they still take hours to get out of the airport and into the city. I l traveling by train. I think trains are safe（安全的）. Railway stations are usually in cities. When you are l for a train, you can catch another one .You can walk around in the train and open the windows. You c see many interesting things on your way. I know it takes（花费）a little more t . Water is very important to u . We must d water every day. We c live without water. Water is everywhere aroun d us. A home, w e use water to wash clothes, to wash dishes, to cook meals, to make drinks, to c our teeth, to have a bath（洗澡）and so on. A work, people use water to put out fires, to g vegetables, to make things in factories（工厂）and so on. We can s in the sea, too. However, there isn’t m water on the earth（地球）. It is very valuable（宝贵的）. We must s it. If we waste too much water, one day in the future, the l drop（滴）of water on the planet will be our tears（眼泪）. Tom is a little boy, and he is only s years old. One day he w to the cinema. It was the first time for h to do that. He was late. He b a ticket( 票) quickly and ran into the cinema. But after two or three minutes( 分钟) he came out, bought a second ticket and ran into the cinema again. After a f minutes he came out again and bought a t ticket. Two or three minutes later he came out and bought another (另一张) ticket. Then the girl in the ticket office asked him,”W do you buy so many tickets? How m friends do you meet?” Tom answered, “ No, I h no friends here. But a big boy always stops m at the door and tears ( 撕) my ticket.” Mr. Smith h a nice , blue coat. He l it very much , but his wife d not like it , because it is old .She often says ,”Give it t a poor man .” But Mr. Smith always says,”No, I like this coat .” Then a cigarette (香烟) falls on it and m a hole in it . Mr. Smith t it to a small tailor shop and says to the tailor , “Please make another coat l this one .” The tailor makes the coat very c . Then he lights ( 点燃) a cigarette and makes a hole in it in the s place. One night , a small green c to our planet. He was f another planet . The computer on his body said that there were many trees o our planet. The green visitor looked f water , his computer

高考英语卫报改编完形填空3

外刊英国卫报改编完形填空3 素材源：英国卫报（原文有删改） Guardian graphic △Global team of scientists find ecosystem below earth that is twice the size of world's oceans Reading Comprehension Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A.B. C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Scientists identify vast underground ecosystem The Earth is far more alive than 1 thought,according to"deep life"studies that reveal a rich ecosystem beneath our feet that is almost twice the size of that found in all the world's oceans. Despite extreme heat,no light,minuscule nutrition and intense pressure,scientists estimate this subterranean biosphere is teeming with between 15bn and 23bn tonnes of micro-organisms, hundreds of times the combined weight of every human on the planet.

完形填空常见词汇

完形填空常见词汇 动词类： 1“看”look看的动作/ see看的结果; watch观察/observe为了研究进行的观察; Notice 注意catch sight of看见/ stare好奇地看/ glare瞪着看 Glance瞅见/glimpse瞥见see a film watch TV 2“说”telll sth to sb.=tell sb sth告诉的内容talk with sb about sth强调说话者之间的交流Say sth诉说的内容speak in English说的语言whisper sth to sb 耳语Inform sb of sth 通知某人某事reason /talk/persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事Bargain讨价还价chat聊天repeat重复explain解释warn警告remind提醒Discuss 讨论debate辩论figure 指出declare宣布claim自称mention 提起admit 承认deny 否绝describe描述announce 公布introduce 介绍complain抱怨 3“叫”cry哭叫call叫shout大喊scream尖叫moan呻吟sigh叹气quarrel 大吵 4“问”ask 询问interview 采访express表达question审问 5“答”answer回答respond回应(用其他方式回应) reply回复 6 “听”listen to听的动作hear听的结果pick up收听overhear无意听到 7“写”dictate听写write sth 写describe描写drop a line 写信draw画 take down/write down写下，记下 8“拿/放”take拿走bring拿来hold举着carry扛，挑（无方向性）fetch拿来拿去lift举Put放lay 铺/放置pull拉/push推 9“抓”take hold of 抓着seize紧抓grasp 握住scratch 抠 10“打”hit一次性的打击beat不间断的打击strike突然的击打/突然想到blow吹刮 attack攻击 11“扔”throw扔drop掉放弃错过fall 倒下无意掉下来wave 招手shake摇 12“送”send寄送deliver递送give给offer 主动给予see off给某人送行 13“摸/抱”touch摸/fold折叠/embrace拥抱/ hug抱/hold 握in one’s arms 14“踢/碰”kick踢/knock敲/ tip 轻敲 15“行”walk run climb jump skip 单腿跳slip溜come/go enter进入move 搬迁drive开车ride 骑fly crawl 匍匐前进 16“坐”sit down be seated seat oneself take a seat/ stand站，耸立/ lean斜靠 17“睡/休息”lie /on one’s back/ on one side/ on one’s stomach stay in bed have a rest take a nap打盹be asleep bend turn over翻身rest 18“笑”smile 微笑（不出声）laugh burst into laughter burst out laughing 19“哭”cry shed tears 留泪weep呜咽地哭sob抽泣burst into tears /burst out crying 20“找/查”find找到look for正在找过程find out查明discover/explore 发现/探索hunt for search for seek / seek for in search of寻找Search sb 搜身search sp. for sth 为某物而搜寻某地 Check检查，核实examine 考察发现问题/体检test检测，检验inspect视察21“穿”put on 动作wear穿戴have on试穿be dressed in 穿的状态make-up化装get changed换衣服be in red Take off 脱remove 去除 22“吃/喝”eat/drink sip吮吸have a meal have supper toast taste treat sb to请某人吃help oneself to 随便吃

高考英语完形填空高频词汇整理完整版

高考英语完形填空高频 词汇整理 标准化管理处编码[BBX968T-XBB8968-NNJ668-MM9N]

高考完形填空419个高频词 1. occasion 场合 2. situation 情况，处境 3. take over 接管 4. exchange 交换 5. command 命令 6. confirm 证实 7. cultivate 培养 8. prosperously 繁荣的 9. suspect 怀疑 10. relatively 相对的，比较的 11. acknowledge 承认，鸣谢 12. ambition 抱负，野心 13. quality 质量，品质 14. protection 保护15. equally 平等地 16. promise 承诺 17. clearly 清楚地 18. grateful 感激的 19. remove 移开 20. force 强迫 21. apologize 道歉 22. terrible 可怕的，糟糕的 23. stubborn 固执的 24. actively 积极地，主动地 25. spiritual 精神的，心灵的 26. magical 魔力的 27. willingly 愿意地 28. strengthen 加强

29. image 形象 30. complexity 复杂 31. cautious 小心的 32. manage 管理，成功做成 33. prejudice 偏见 34. economic 经济的，合算的 35. academic 学术的 36. control 控制 37. adopt 收养，采取 38. consume 消费，消耗 39. unique 独一无二的 40. beneficial 有益的 41. varied 多变的，各种各样的 42. demanding 要求高的 43. appropriate 合理的44. entertainment 娱乐 45. deliberately 故意地 46. purchase 购买 47. tough 艰难的 48. bright 明亮的 49. remain 留下，保持 50. terrify 使害怕 51. disappointing 令人失望的 52. formal 正式的 53. desire 愿望 54. share 分享，共有 55. fulfill 履行（诺言），执行（命令） 56. admit 承认 57. evident 明显的 58. consequently 因此，所以

完形填空、首字母填空

A The population of the Earth is growing faster. It is i 1 that we look after the Earth because we need it! The Earth g 2 us a lot of things. We also give the Earth a lot, but some of the things are not g 3 In nature, when something dies, other animals and plants get food f 4 it. Every animal or plant gives food for other animals or plants. H 5 , animals can?t get food from many of the things that we …give? the Earth. Animals and plants can?t e 6 metal, plastic and glass. These things will stay in the ground for many, many years. Some rubbish is very d 7 for plants and animals. In some places, many animals live t 8 . One animal makes food for many more animals. If we put rubbish and chemicals in the water, the plankton(浮游生物) can d 9 . If there isn?t any plankton, many animals have nothing to eat. So what can we do? Don?t l10 any rubbish in the countryside! Don?t make so much rubbish! B Of all the things we eat and drink，water is the m 1 important. The human body can go w 2 food for a long time，but two o 3 three days without water could make people d 4 . A lot of people don?t understand how m 5 water the human body needs t 6 work well and many people don?t drink enough，especially in h 7 weather. Most people drink w 8 they are thirsty but in fact they need more water，especially when they take e 9 . A man?s body is 65 to 75 percent of w 10 . If we don?t have enough water, we fell tired and may become ill. C Marc sat next to me when we were in Hill Junior School. He had a serious p 1 in communicating with people. One always had to guess what he was s 2 . , most of my classmates did not like to be w 3 him because his hands and shirts were always d 4 . I tried to let him know the importance of being c 5 by 39 him several times a day to wash his hands. But he just could not understand. One day, our teacher Miss West walked up to Marc.w 6 saying anything, she took Marc to the washroom. Slowly, Miss West w 7 his hands and told him that he should keep himself clean. She did that every day for one month. .Finally , Marc u 8 Miss West?s love has given me a good example to follow when I am doing my job. I always remember to teach my students by s 9 them the right w 10 to do things. And most important of all, I always remember to give them more time to learn and to grow up. D April 27 is a special day in Britain. It?s c 1 Take Our Daughters to Work Day. On that day thousands of girls have a day __2__ and go with one of their parents to their work places. By doing this, it can teach girls more about the society(社会) w 3 they live. Now the girls can have a c4 look at what their parents are doing. This may help them