2019年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版 第3套)

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on th e importance of motivation and methods in learning. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

______________________________________________________________ __________

______________________________________________________________ __________

______________________________________________________________ __________

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

说明：由于2019年6月六级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are require d to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making yo ur choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throug h the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Steel is valued for its reliability, but not when it gets cold. Most forms of ste el __26__ become brittle（脆的）

at temperatures below about -25℃ unless they are mixed with other metals. Now, though, a novel type of steel has been developed that resists __27__ at much lower temperatures, while retaining its strength and toughness—with out the need for expensive __28__.

Steel's fragility at low temperatures first became a major concern during the Second World War. After German U-boats torpedoed （用鱼雷攻击）numerous British ships, a 2,700-strong fleet of cheap- and-cheerful "Liberty ships" was introduced to replace the lost vessels, providing a lifeline for the __29__ British. But the steel shells of hundreds of the ships __30__ in the icy north Atlantic, and 12 broke in half and sank.

Brittleness remains a problem when building steel structures in cold condition s, such as oil rigs in the Arctic. So scientists have __31__ to find a solution b y mixing it with expensive metals such as nickel.

Yuuji Kimura and colleagues in Japan tried a more physical __32__. Rather th an adding other metals, they developed a complex mechanical process invo

lving repeated heating and very severe mechanical deformation, known as t empforming.

The resulting steel appears to achieve a combination of strength and toug hness that is __33__ to that of modem steels that are very rich in alloy cont ent and, therefore, very expensive.

Kimura's team intends to use its tempformed steel to make ultra-high strengt h parts, such as bolts. They hope to reduce both the number of __34__ need ed in a construction job and their weight—by replacing solid supports with _ _35__ tubes, for example. This could reduce the amount of steel needed to m ake everything from automobiles to buildings and bridges.

A）abruptly

B）additives

C）approach

D）ardently

E）besieged

F）channel

G）comparable

H）components

I）cracked

J）fractures

K）hollow

L）relevant

M）reshuffled

N）strived

O）violent

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statemen ts attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the pa ragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a le tter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sh eet 2.

The future of personal satellite technology is here—are we ready for it?

A）

Satellites used to be the exclusive playthings of rich governments and wealt hy corporations. But increasingly, as space becomes more democratized, they are coming within reach of ordinary people. Just like drones （无人机）before them, miniature satellites are beginning to fundamentally transform our conceptions of who gets to do what up above our heads.

B）

As a recent report from the National Academy of Sciences highlights, these sa tellites hold tremendous potential for making satellite-based science more a ccessible than ever before. However, as the cost of getting your own satellit e in orbit drops sharply, the risks of irresponsible use grow. The question he re is no longer "Can we?" but "Should we?" What are the potential downside s of having a slice of space densely populated by equipment built by people not traditionally labeled as "professionals" ? And what would the responsible a nd beneficial development and use of this technology actually look like? Som e of the answers may come from a nonprofit organization that has been buildi ng and launching amateur satellites for nearly 50 years.

C）

Having your personal satellite launched into orbit might sound like an idea str aight out of science fiction. But over the past few decades a unique class of satellites has been created that fits the bill: CubeSats. The "Cube" here simpl y refers to the satellite's shape. The most common CubeSat is a 10cm cube, so small that a single CubeSat could easily be mistaken for a paperweight on your desk. These mini-satellites can fit in a launch vehicle's formerly "wasted space.

" Multiples can be deployed in combination for more complex missions than could be achieved by one CubeSat alone.

D）

Within their compact bodies these minute satellites are able to house sensor s and communications receivers/transmitters that enable operators to study E arth from space, as well as space around Earth. They're primarily designed fo r Low Earth Orbit （LEO）

—an easily accessible region of space from around 200 to 800 miles above E arth, where human-tended missions like the Hubble Space Telescope and the International Space Station （ISS） hang out. But they can attain more dista nt orbits; NASA plans for most of its future Earth-escaping payloads （to the moon and Mars especially） to carry CubeSats.

E）

Because they're so small and light, it costs much less to get a CubSat into Ear th's orbit than a traditional communications or GPS satellite. For instance,a r esearch group here at Arizona State University recently claimed their develop mental small CubeSats could cost as little as $3,000 to put in orbit. This decre ase in cost allows researchers, hobbyists and even elementary school groups to put simple instruments into LEO or even having them deployed from the I SS.

F）

The first CubeSat was created in the early 2000s,as a way of enabling Stanfor d graduate students to design, build, test and operate a spacecraft with sim

ilar capabilities to the USSR's Sputnik （前苏联的人造卫

星）.Since then, NASA, the National Reconnaissance Office and even Boeing h ave all launched and operated CubeSats. There are more than 130 currently i n operation. The NASA Educational Launch of Nano Satellite program, which o ffers free launches for educational groups and science missions, is now open t o U. S. nonprofit corporations as well. Clearly, satellites are not just for rocket scientists anymore.

G）

The National Academy of Sciences report emphasizes CubeSats' importance in scientific discovery and the training of future space scientists and engineers. Yet it also acknowledges that widespread deployment of LEO CubeSats isn't risk-free. The greatest concern the authors raise is space debris—pieces of "j unk" that orbit the earth, with the potential to cause serious damage if they collide with operational units, including the ISS.

H）

Currently, there aren't many CubeSats and they're tracked closely. Yet as LE O opens up to more amateur satellites, they may pose an increasing threat. As the report authors point out, even near-misses might lead to the "creation of a burdensome regulatory framework and affect the future disposition of science CubeSats."

I）

CubeSat researchers suggest that now's the time to ponder unexpected an d unintended possible consequences of more people than ever having access t o their own small slice of space. In an era when you can simply buy a CubeS at kit off the shelf, how can we trust the satellites over our heads were devel oped with good intentions by people who knew what they were doing? Some " expert amateurs" in the satellite game could provide some inspiration for ho w to proceed responsibly.

J）

In 1969.the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation （AMSAT） was created in or der to foster ham radio enthusiasts' （业余无线电爱好者）

participation in space research and communication. It continued the effort s, begun in 1961, by Project OSCAR—a U. S.

-based group that built and launched the very first nongovernmental satellite just four years after Sputnik. As an organization of volunteers, AMSAT was pu tting "amateur" satellites in orbit decades before the current CubeSat craze. And over time, its members have learned a thing or two about responsibility. Here, open-source development has been a central principle. Within the or ganization, AMSAT has a philosophy of open sourcing everything—making tec hnical data on all aspects of their satellites fully available to everyone in the organization, and when possible, the public. According to a member of the te am responsible for FOX 1-A, AMSAT's first CubeSat, this means that there's n

o way to sneak something like explosives or an energy emitter into an amate ur satellite when everyone has access to the designs and implementation. K）

However, they're more cautious about sharing information with nonmembers , as the organization guards against others developing the ability to hijack an d take control of their satellites. This form of "self-governance" is possible wi thin long-standing amateur organizations that, over time, are able to build a sense of responsibility to community members,as well as society in general. But what happens when new players emerge, who don't have deep roots wit hin the existing culture?

L）

Hobbyists and students are gaining access to technologies without being part of a long-standing amateur establishment. They're still constrained by fi mders, launch providers and a series of regulations—all of which rein in what CubeSat developers can and cannot do. But there's a danger they're ill-equipp ed to think through potential unintended consequences. What these uninten ded consequences might be is admittedly far from clear. Yet we know innovat ors can be remarkably creative with taking technologies in unexpected dire ctions. Think of something as seemingly benign as the cellphone—we have m icrofinance and text-based social networking at one end of the spectrum, an d improvised（临时制作的）explosive devices at the other.

M）

This is where a culture of social responsibility around CubeSats becomes imp ortant-not simply to ensure that physical risks are minimized, but to engage with a much larger community in anticipating and managing less obvious co nsequences of the technology. This is not an easy task. Yet the evidence fro m AMSAT and other areas of technology development suggests that responsib le amateur communities can and do emerge around novel technologies. The challenge here, of course, is ensuring that what an amateur community c onsiders to be responsible, actually is. Here's where there needs to be a much wider public conversation that extends beyond government agencies and sc ientific communities to include students, hobbyists，

and anyone who may potentially stand to be affected by the use of CubeSa t technology.

36. Given the easier accessibility to space, it is time to think about how to pr event misuse of satellites.

37. A group of mini-satellites can work together to accomplish more comple x tasks.

38. The greater accessibility of mini-satellites increases the risks of their irres ponsible use.

39. Even school pupils can have their CubeSats put in orbit owing to the lowe red launching cost.

40. is careful about sharing information with outsiders to prevent hijacking o

f their satellites.

41. NASA offers to launch CubeSats free of charge for educational and resear ch purposes.

42. Even with constraints, it is possible for some creative developers to take the CubeSat technology in directions that result in harmful outcomes.

43. While making significant contributions to space science, CubeSats may po se hazards to other space vehicles.

44. Mini-satellites enable operators to study Earth from LEO and space aroun

d it.

45. AMSAT operates on the principle of having all its technical data accessi ble to its members, preventing the abuse of amateur satellites.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by s ome questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four ch oices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and ma rk the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the c entre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

When I re-entered the full-time workforce a few years ago after a decade of solitary self-employment, there was one thing I was looking forward to the most: the opportunity to have work friends once again. It wasn't until I ente red the corporate world that I realized, for me at least, being friends with col leagues didn't emerge as a priority at all. This is surprising when you consid er the prevailing emphasis by scholars and trainers and managers on the i mportance of cultivating close interpersonal relationships at work. So much re search has explored the way in which collegial （同事的）

ties can help overcome a range of workplace issues affecting productivity and the quality of work output such as team-based conflict, jealousy, unde rmining, anger, and more.

Perhaps my expectations of lunches, water-cooler gossip and caring, deep-a nd-meaningful conversations were a legacy of the last time I was in that kind of office environment. Whereas now, as I near the end of my fourth decad e, I realize work can be fully functional and entirely fulfilling without needing to be best mates with the people sitting next to you.

In an academic analysis just published in the profoundly-respected Journal of Management, researchers have looked at the concept of "indifferent rela tionships". It's a simple term that encapsulates （概

括） the fact that relationships at work can reasonably be non-intimate, inco

nsequential, unimportant and even, dare I say it, disposable or substitutab le.

Indifferent relationships are neither positive nor negative. The limited resea rch conducted thus far indicates they're especially dominant among those w ho value independence over cooperation, and harmony over confrontati on. Indifference is also the preferred option among those who are socially la zy. Maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort. For some of us, t oo much effort .

As noted above, indifferent relationships may not always be the most helpful approach in resolving some of the issues that pop up at work. But there are nonetheless several empirically proven benefits. One of those is efficienc y. Less time chatting and socializing means more time working and（产出）.

The other is self-esteem. As human beings, we're primed to compare ourselv es to each other in what is an anxiety-inducing phenomenon. Apparently, w e look down on acquaintances more so than Mends. Since the former is most common among those inclined towards indifferent relationships, their predo minance can bolster individuals' sense of self-worth.

Ego aside, a third advantage is that the emotional neutrality of indifferen t relationships has been found to enhance critical evaluation, to strength en one's focus on task resolution, and to gain greater access to valuable inf ormation. None of that might be as fun as after-work socializing but, hey, I'll take it anyway.

46. What did the author realize when he re-entered the corporate world? A） Making new Mends with his workmates was not as easy as he had anticip ated.

B） Cultivating positive interpersonal relationships helped him expel solitary feelings.

C） Working in the corporate world requires more interpersonal skills than s elf-employment.

D） Building close relationships with his colleagues was not as important as h

e had ejected.

47. What do we learn from many studies about collegial relationships?

A） Inharmonious relationships have an adverse effect on productivity. B） Harmonious relationships are what many companies aim to cultivate. C） Close collegial relationships contribute very little to product quality. D） Conflicting relationships in the workplace exist almost everywhere.

48. What can be inferred about relationships at work from an academic ana lysis?

A） They should be cultivated.

B） They are virtually irrelevant.

C） They are vital to corporate culture.

D） They should be reasonably intimate.

49. What does the author say about people who are socially lazy?

A） They feel uncomfortable when engaging in social interactions.

B） They often find themselves in confrontation with their colleagues.

C） They are unwilling to make efforts to maintain workplace relationships. D） They lack basic communication skills in dealing with interpersonal issu es.

60. What is one of the benefits of indifferent relationships?

A） They provide fun at work.

B） They help control emotions.

C） They help resolve differences.

D） They improve work efficiency.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

In a few decades, artificial intelligence (AI) will surpass many of the abiliti es that we believe make us special. This is a grand challenge for our age and it may require an "irrational" response.

One of the most significant pieces of news from the US in early 2017 was the efforts of Google to make autonomous driving a reality. According to a report, Google's self-driving cars clocked 1,023,330 km, and required human interv ention 124 times. That is one intervention about every 8,047 km of autono mous driving. But even more impressive is the progress in just a single year : human interventions fell from 0.8 times per thousand miles to 0.2, a 400% improvement. With such progress, Google's cars will easily surpass my own driving ability later this year.

Driving once seemed to be a very human skill. But we said that about chess, t oo. Then a computer beat the human world champion, repeatedly. The boar d game Go（围棋）

took over from chess as a new test for human thinking in 2016, when a comp uter beat one of the world's leading professional Go players. With computer s conquering what used to be deeply human tasks, what will it mean in the fu ture to be human? I worry about my six-year-old son. What will his place bе i n a world where machines beat us in one area after another? He'll never calc ulate faster, never drive better, or even fly more safely. Actually, it all comes down to a fairly simple question： What's so special about us? It can't be skill s like arithmetic, which machines already excel in. So far, machines have a p retty hard time emulating creativity, arbitrary enough not to be predicted by a computer, and yet more than simple randomness.

Perhaps, if we continue to improve information-processing machines, well soo n have helpful rational assistants. So we must aim to complement the rati onality of the machine, rather than to compete with it. If I'm right, we shoul d foster a creative spirit because a dose of illogical creativity will comple

ment the rationality of the machine. Unfortunately, however, our education system has not caught up to the approaching reality. Indeed, our schools and universities are structured to mould pupils to be mostly obedient servants of rationality, and to develop outdated skills in interacting with outdated ma chines. We need to help our children learn how to best work with smart comp uters to improve human decision-making. But most of all we need to keep th e long-term perspective in mind: that even if computers will outsmart us, w e can still be the most creative. Because if we aren't, we won't be providing much value in future ecosystems，

and that may put in question the foundation for our existence.

51. What is the author's greatest concern about the use of AI?

A） Computers are performing lots of creative tasks.

B） Many abilities will cease to be unique to human beings.

C） Computers may become more rational than humans.

D） Many human skills are fast becoming outdated.

52. What impresses the author most in the field of AI?

A） Google's experimental driverless cars require little human intervention. B） Google's cars have surpassed his driving ability in just a single year.

C） Google has made huge progress in autonomous driving in a short time. D） Google has become a world leader in the field of autonomous driving. 53. What do we learn from the passage about creativity?

A） It is rational.

B） It is predictable.

C） It is human specific.

D） It is yet to be emulated by AI.

54. What should schools help children do in the era of AI?

A） Cultivate original thinking.

B） Learn to work independently.

C） Compete with smart machines.

D） Understand how AI works.

55. How can we humans justify our future existence?

A） By constantly outsmarting computers.

B） By adopting a long-term perspective.

C） By rationally compromising with AI.

D） By providing value with our creativity.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage f rom Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

成语（Chinese idioms）是汉语中的一种独特的表达方式，大多由四个汉字组成。它们高度简练且形式固定，但通常能形象地表达深刻的含义。成语大多来源于中国古代的文学作品，通常与某些神话、传说或者历史事件有关。如果不知道某个成语的出处，就很难理解其确切

含义。因此，学习成语有助于人们更好地理解中国传统文化。成语在日常会话和文学创作中广泛使用。恰当使用成语可以使一个人的语言更具表现力，交流更有效

2019年6月六级部分真题参考答案(完整版)

PartⅠWriting

The Importance of Motivation and Methods in Learning

When it comes to learning, there is a famous Chinese saying which goes "Lear ning without thinking leads to confusion; thinking without learning ends in d anger." Evidently, it is meant to tell us that learning methods are as importan t as hard work. I totally agree with it. Besides, I insist that in addition to dili gence and methods, motivation in learning should also be paid attention to. As for me, motivation is an indispensable part of learning, because without motivation, you won't start to learn at all. Even if you have started studying, without motivation that drives you to keep going, you may easily give up wh en faced with difficulties.

With motivation, we also need the right way to learn. In the learning process, hard work is not enough. If we don't attach importance to learning methods, we may fall into the dilemma of studying mechanically. Instead, with effect ive learning methods, there will be twice the result with half the effort.

In brief, motivation and methods are critical to successful learning. Therefor e, only when we are clearly aware of this, can we achieve good learning resu lts by making efforts.

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35: AJBEI NCGHK

36-45: ICBEK FLGDJ

46-55: DABCD BCDAD

Part IV Translation

Chinese idioms are a unique way of expression in Chinese, mostly compose d of four characters. Although highly concise and fixed in form, they usually can convey profound meaning vividly. Most idioms are derived from ancient Chinese literary works and are usually related to some myths, legends or h istorical events. It is difficult to understand the exact meaning of an idiom w ithout knowledge of its origin. Therefore, learning idioms helps people better understand Chinese traditional culture. Idioms are widely used in daily con versation and literary creation. Proper use of idioms can make one's langua ge more expressive and communication more effective.

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