【中考备战策略】2014年中考英语(人教版)总复习【专题六】动词.ppt.Convertor

专题六动词

考点一动词的分类

动词按含义及它们在句中的作用分为四类：行为(实义)动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。

1．行为(实义)动词

实义动词意义完整，能够独立作谓语。根据其在句中是否需要宾语，又可细分为及物动词和不及物动词。

(1)及物动词(vt.)要求跟宾语。

I learn English every day.(English是learn的宾语)

我每天都学英语。

(2)及物动词可以跟“双宾语”(直接宾语和间接宾语)，也可跟“复合宾语”(宾语和宾语补足语)。

People give me their money. 人们给我钱。

In England，people usually call me Jim for short.

在英国，人们通常简称我Jim。

I found a little boy cry in the corner yesterday.

昨天我发现一个小男孩在角落里哭。

(3)不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语。

We arrived at London at noon.

我们中午到达伦敦。

注：①带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有：make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。

②带双宾语的动词有：give, bring, buy, get, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, teach, tell, write, read，return等。

2．系动词

系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。

She is very young.她很年轻。

常见的系动词有：be，become(变成)，get(成为；变得)，look(看上去)，seem(似乎；好像)，turn(变得)，sound(听起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，feel(感觉)，keep(保持)。这些词没有被动语态形式，也不用于进行时态。

3．助动词

助动词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语。助动词有be，have，shall(should)，will(would)和do。助动词在句中与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。

(1)助动词be有下列几种形式：

助动词be的功能有两个：与现在分词构成各种进行时态；和过去分词构成各种被动语态。

We are playing basketball.我们正在打篮球。

The book was written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的。

(2)助动词have有下列几种形式：

助动词have与过去分词一起构成各种完成时态。

助动词do的功能有四个：构成疑问句、否定句，作代动词和加强语气。

Do you live in Beijing？你住在北京吗？

(4)助动词will(过去式是would)和shall(过去式是should)有下列几种形式：

助动词will(would)和shall(should)用于构成一般将来时和过去将来时态。will(would)可用于一切人称，shall(should)用于第一人称，较正式，现今多代之以will(would)。

I shall/will be eighteen next year.明年我就18岁了。

4．情态动词

情态动词本身虽有意义，但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、语气或情态等，如“可能”、“应当”。它们不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词一起作谓语。情态动词多数没有人称和数的变化。主要有：can/could，may/might，must，need，dare，will/would，shall/should等。

(1)can的用法：

①表示能力，意为“能；会”；

②表示推测，意为“可能”；

③表示请求允许，意为“可以”。以can开头的一般疑问句，其肯定和否定回答分别用can和can't。

He can look after himself.他能照料自己。

(2)may 的用法：

①表示请求、许可，意为“可以”；

②表示猜测，意为“可能；也许”等。can与may均可用来征求意见或允许，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用；

③以may开头的一般疑问句，其肯定回答应用may或can，而其否定回答则多用mustn't，而不用may not。

(3)must的用法：

①表示“必须；应该”；

②表示推测，“一定”。must表示推测时一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否定句中一般应用can，否定句中也用may，但may not表示“可能不”，而can't表示“不可能”。否定句中，mustn't表示禁止，意为“不允许”；

③以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答应用must，而否定回答则常用needn't，needn't 表示“不需要；不必”，相当于don't have to。

You must tell your reason.你必须说出你的理由。

(4)need的用法：need 既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。need作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，后跟动词原形，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。而need作实义动词时，有人称、数的变化，后接带to的不定式。

You needn't come to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.

如果你有重要的事，下午的会就不必来了。

Does she need to come? 她需要来吗？

注：①比较can和be able to

两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式，其他时态要用be able to来表示。另外，be able to常常有做成了某件事的意味。

②must和can't

must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定”。推测的否定形式、疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。

He must be working in his office.

他一定在办公室工作。

Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning. 迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。

考点二短语动词

英语中有许多动词可以加上介词、副词等构成短语动词。短语动词像动词一样有及物和不及物之分。它们尽管由几个词构成，但可以作为一个整体看待，同行为动词一样使用。

常用的构成方式主要有以下五种：

1．动词＋副词

可用作及物或不及物动词，如ring up“打电话”(用作及物动词)，look out“小心”(用作不及物动词)。如果用作及物短语动词应注意宾语位置的不同：

宾语如果是名词，可以放在副词后面，也可以放在动词与副词之间；宾语如果是代词，则必须放在副词和动词之间。

Please put on your coat.请穿上你的外套。

Let's think it over.咱们再仔细考虑一下。

2．动词＋介词

相当于一个及物动词。无论宾语是名词还是代词，都应放在介词之后。

You'll look after her at home.你要在家照料她。

I'm looking for my MP4.我正在找我的MP4。

3．动词＋副词＋介词

这类动词一律用作及物动词，如do away with“去掉”，go back to“回到(某处)去”。此种结构中，宾语要放在介词之后。

The boy gets on well with his classmates.

这个男孩与同学们相处得很融洽。

4．动词＋名词＋介词

这类动词也只能用作及物动词，如take care of“照顾”，make use of“利用”。此种结构中，宾语放在介词之后。

We'll take part in the meeting tomorrow.

明天我们都将参加会议。

注：有些“动词＋副词”结构和“动词＋介词”结构相当于一个及物动词。

go by＝pass经过keep on＝continue继续

call on＝visit拜访ring up＝telephone打电话

set out＝start开始care for＝like喜欢

5．be＋形容词＋介词

形容词包括起形容词作用的分词，这类短语动词也相当于及物动词，如be ready for“为……做好准备”，be fond of“喜欢”，be afraid of“害怕”。

考点训练

1. (2013·安徽)I will meet Jane at the station. Please________ what time she will arrive.

A．count B．choose C．check D．catch

解析：考查动词词义辨析。count“计算”；choose“选择”；check“核对，查对”；catch“抓住”。由句意可知选C。

答案：C

2．My uncle called and asked me if I had ________the birthday gift from him. A．invented B．raised

C．received D．ordered

解析：考查动词词义辨析。invent“发明”；raise“举起”；receive“收到”；order “命令，预订”。由句意知选C。

答案：C

3．(2013·青岛)—How much is the ticket to Central Park?

—A one-way ticket________ $40, and you can________ another $20 for a round-trip. A．costs; pay

B．cost; spend

C．pay; spend

D．spends; pay

解析：考查动词词义辨析。cost“花费”，物作主语；spend“花费”，人作主语；pay for“付款”，人作主语，由句意可知选A项。

答案：A

4. The roof of the house needs repairing. It’s raining now; you’d better get something to rain drops.

A. control

B. cover

C. carry

D. catch

解析：考查动词词义辨析。Catch rain dropship

“接住/装雨水”,符合语境。故选D。

答案：D

5．(2013·泰安)One of the best ways for people to keep healthy is to________ good eating habits.

A．grow B．develop C．increase D．find

解析：考查动词词义辨析。grow“生长”；develop“发展”；increase“增长”；find “发现”。develop a ... habit“养成……的习惯”，由句意可知应该选B。

答案：B

6．(2013·连云港)—Would you please see the film Iron Man 3 with me tonight, Kate?

—I'd love to, but I've________ Linda's invitation to dinner.

A．suffered B．earned

C．received D．accepted

解析：考查动词词义辨析。suffer“遭受”；earn“获得”；receive“收到”；accept “接受”。根据but可知，已经接受了赴宴的邀请。accept an invitation“接受邀请”，故选D。

答案：D

7．To protect the environment, supermarkets don't ________ free plastic bags to shoppers.

A．take B．show C．provide D．carry

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意为“为了保护环境，超市不给购物者提供免费的塑料袋”。take“带走”；show“展示，展览”；provide“提供，供给”；carry“搬运，携带”。故选C。

答案：C

8．(2013·青岛)—Do you know why he didn't ________a word when he ________to? —Because he was too nervous.

A．speak; speaks B．say; was spoken

C．say; spoke D．speak; is spoken

解析：考查动词的用法。say“说，讲”，着重指说话的内容；speak接语言，speak to sb.“对某人说话”，第二空表示“别人和他说话”，因此he与speak之间存在被动关系，由“he didn't”可知，时态为一般过去时，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。

答案：B

9．(2013·菏泽)You are ________to type quickly when talking to each other on QQ so the other person doesn't get bored.

A．suggested B．supported

C．taught D．supposed

解析：考查动词词义辨析。suggest“建议”；support“支持”；teach“教”；be supposed to do则表示“应该做某事”，符合句意。

答案：D

10．—Look! There is a horse racing program on TV now.

—Hmm...It ________exciting.

A．seems B．looks like C．feels D．seems like

解析：考查连系动词的用法。seem“似乎，好像”；look like“看起来像”；feel “感觉”；seem like“似乎像”。look like和seem like后要接名词，故排除；it指代上文中的赛马节目，feel不能与其搭配，也应排除。故选A。

答案：A

11．Last Thursday when I got to the station, I ________ I had left my ticket at home. A．understood B．realized

C．believed D．seemed

解析：考查动词词义辨析。understand“理解”；realize“意识到”；believe“相信”；seem“看起来”。句意为“上周四当我到达车站时，我意识到我把票忘在家里了”。故选B。

答案：B

12．(2013·重庆)Oh, it________ so nice. What beautiful music it is!

A．smells B．sounds C．tastes D．looks

解析：考查系动词的词义辨析。smell“闻起来”；sound“听起来”；taste“尝起来”；look“看起来”。音乐是用来“听”的。故选B。

答案：B

13．—Dear, you need to ________ by next week, to go to university at home or to go abroad. You are going on eighteen.

—OK, Mum. I am considering it.

A．make an appointment

B．make a suggestion

C．make a decision

解析：考查动词短语辨析。make an appointment“预约”；make a suggestion“给出建议”；make a decision“作出决定”。根据答语“我正在考虑”可知，此处表示“在国内还是去国外上大学，你需要在下周之前作出决定”。故选C。

答案：C

14．(2013·泸州)Can you help me to________ my dog when I leave for Hong Kong? A．look after B．look for

C．look at D．look through

解析：考查动词短语辨析。look after“照顾，照看”；look for“寻找”；look at “看”；look through“浏览”。由句意可知选A。

答案：A

15．—Do you have Jay's CDs?

—Sorry, they are ________. But we'll get some more next week because they ________.

A．sold well; are on sale B．sold out; sell well

C．selling well; sell well D．for sale; sell well

解析：考查固定词组搭配。sell out“卖完”，可以用被动语态；sell well“畅销”，不能用被动语态。句意为“你有Jay的光盘吗？”“对不起，已经卖光了。但是我们在下周将再进一些来，因为很畅销。”故选B。

答案：B

16．(2013·宁波)—Can I________ your bike?

—With pleasure. But you mustn't________ it to others.

A．lend; borrow B．borrow; lend

C．lend; lend D．borrow; borrow

解析：考查动词辨析。lend“借出”；borrow“借入”。问句句意为“我能借你的自行车吗？”可知是借对方的东西，因此用borrow；答语句意为“当然可以，但是你不能把它借给别人”。lend sth. to sb.“借给某人某物”。故选B。

答案：B

17．With the help of the Internet, information can ________every corner of the world quickly.

A．go B．land C．reach D．arrive

解析：考查动词词义辨析。go和arrive是不及物动词，后面不能直接跟名词，故排除A、D两项；land“降落”；reach“到达”。由句意“在因特网的帮助下，信息能很快地到达地球上的每个角落”可知选C。

答案：C

18．(2013·安徽)The people in Ya'an have met lots of difficulties, but they haven't________ hope.

A．picked up B．given up

C．looked for D．waited for

解析：考查动词短语辨析。pick up“拾起，捡起”；give up“放弃”；look for“寻找”；wait for“等待”。由句意可知选B。

答案：B

19．(2013·滨州)—So many problems! I'm tired.

—You should try to________ them by yourself. You are not a child any longer. A．get into B．get off C．get on D．get over

解析：考查动词短语辨析。get into“陷入”；get off“下车”；get on“上车”；get over“克服”。“克服困难”应该用get over，故选D。

答案：D

20．(2013·嘉兴)It's time for CCTV news. Let's________ the TV and watch it. A．turn on B．get on C．try on D．put on

解析：考查动词短语辨析。turn on“打开(电源等)”；get on“上(车、船等)”；try on“试穿”；put on“穿上”。由句意可知选A。

答案：A

21．(2013·重庆)We'll________ an English play “Snow White”during this year's Art Festival.

A．look up B．look out C．put off D．put on

解析：考查动词短语的辨析。look up“查找”；look out“当心”；put off“推迟”；put on“穿上；表演”。根据句意“表演英语剧”可以判断用put on。故选D。

答案：D

22．(2013·金华)The great writer has written many stories for children. It is said that a new one will________ at the end of this month.

A．go out B．come out C．look out D．run out

解析：考查动词短语辨析。go out“出去”；come out“出来；出版”；look out“当心；留神”；run out“用完；用尽”，由句意可知选B项。

答案：B

23．Don't ________too late，or you will feel tired in class.

A．wake up B．get up C．stay up D．stand up

解析：考查动词短语辨析。wake up“叫醒，醒来”；get up“起床”；stay up“熬夜”；stand up“站起来”。由后句“否则在课堂上你会感到很累”可知本句为“不要熬夜到太晚”，故选C项。

答案：C

24．The food here smells good, but what does it ________like?

A．taste B．touch C．seem D．feel

解析：考查连系动词的用法。taste“尝起来”；touch“触摸，接触”，为行为动词；seem“似乎，好像”；feel“摸起来”。由“这儿的食物闻起来不错”知要问“但尝起来怎么样呢？”故选A项。

答案：A

25．(2013·德州)Although many great people ever failed, they never________ and

managed to succeed.

A．set out B．stayed up C．kept on D．gave up

解析：考查动词短语辨析。set out“动身，出发”；stay up“熬夜，不睡觉”；keep on“保持，继续，坚持”；give up“放弃”。由句意可知选D。

答案：D

26．We can't do listening practice today，for Miss Zhao's tape-recorder doesn't ________.

A．act B．do C．serve D．work

解析：考查动词词义辨析。act“表演”；do“做”；serve“为……服务”；work“工作，(机器)运转，活动”。句意为“今天我们不能进行听力训练了，因为赵老师的录音机坏了”。故D项符合题意。

答案：D

27．(2013·济南)—It's hot today, isn't it?

—Yes, it is. Why not________ your jacket?

A．take care B．take place

C．take after D．take off

解析：考查动词短语辨析。take care“注意”；take place“发生”；take after“与(父母等)相像”；take off“脱下；起飞”。由句意可知选D项。

答案：D

28．(2013·雅安)My parents________ getting up early on weekdays.

A．used to B．be used to

C．was used to D．are used to

解析：考查句意理解和动词短语辨析。used to do 意为“过去常常做某事”；be used to doing意为“习惯于做某事”，根据句意“我的父母在工作日习惯早起”可知用be used to doing结构，时态为一般现在时。my parents作主语谓语动词用复数。故选D。

答案：D

29．(2013·济南)—Alice, could you help me________ the meat? I want to make some dumplings for dinner.

—OK. I'll do it right away.

A．put up B．give up C．use up D．cut up

解析：考查动词短语辨析。put up“张贴；举起”；give up“放弃”；use up“用尽”；cut up“切碎”。由句意可知选D项。

答案：D

30．(2013·烟台)My bike is broken. Could you help me to________？

A．fix it up B．set it up

C．make it up D．put it up

解析：考查动词短语辨析。fix up“修理”；set up“建立”；make up“编造”；put up“举起；张贴”。由句意可知选A项。

答案：A

31. (2013·杭州)This morning I________ some new restaurants on the Internet for I wanted to take Mia to a nice restaurant for her birthday.

A．picked up B．looked up

C．cleaned up D．gave up

解析：考查动词短语的用法。pick up“捡起”；look up“查询”；clean up“打扫”；give up“放弃”。由句意可知选B。

答案：B

32．(2013·广东)Again and again the doctor________ the crying baby girl, but he couldn't find out what was wrong with her.

A．looked over B．looked after

C．looked for D．looked out

解析：考查动词短语辨析。look over“检查，查看”；look after“照顾”；look for “寻找”；look out“小心，当心”。由句意可知选A项。

答案：A

33. More and more students ________ too much homework and they are really tired of it.

A．complain about B．care about

C．learn about D．hear about

解析：考查动词短语辨析。complain about“抱怨”；care about“在意，关心”；learn about“获得，得知有关……的消息”；hear about“听说”。由“they are really tired of it”可知，越来越多的学生抱怨作业太多。故选A。

答案：A

34．(2013·兰州)The firemen soon________ the big fire.

A．put off B．put up C．put out D．put on

解析：考查动词短语的用法。put off“推迟”；put up“建造，张贴”；put out“扑灭”；put on“穿上”，由句意可知选C。

答案：C

35．Is this a photo of your daughter? She looks________ in the pink dress! A．lovely B．quietly C．politely D．happily

解析：考查连系动词的用法。连系动词looks后需用形容词作表语。B、C、D三项均为副词，故选A。

答案：A

36．(2013·菏泽)—Why do you collect so many old bikes?

—I'll have them ________and give away to the children who don't have bikes. A．used up B．given up C．fixed up D．set up

解析：考查动词短语辨析。use up“用尽”；give up“放弃”；fix up“修理”；set up “建立”。句意为“我将让人修理它们并送给那些没有自行车的孩子”。have sth. done 表示“让别人做某事”，故选C。

答案：C

37．(2013·金华)On the top of the hill________ an ancient tower with a history of more than 1,000 years.

A．stood B．ran C．came D．lived

解析：考查动词的词义辨析。stand“站立，矗立”；run“跑”；come“来自”；live “居住”，A项符合句意。

答案：A

38．(2013·上海)—Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you，Dad? —No, you________，son. You're free to make your own decision.

A．can't B．mustn't C．shouldn't D．needn't

解析：考查情态动词的用法。must引导的问句的否定答语要用needn't。故选D。答案：D

39．(2013·兰州)—The food looked bad, but it______ OK.

—So we can't judge a man by his appearance.

A．is tasted B．tasted

C．was tasted D．taste

解析：考查系动词的用法。taste 是系动词“尝起来”，不表被动。且由句中的looked 可知应用一般过去时，故选B。

答案：B

40．—________ I take some photos in the hall?

—No, you________.

A．Can; needn't B．Must; mustn't

C．Could; won't D．May; mustn't

解析：第一个空表示请求、许可，用情态动词may，may引导的一般疑问句的否定回答用mustn't，表示禁止。

答案：D

41. (2013·重庆)Hurry up, or you________ catch the train.

A．can't B．needn't C．mustn't D．shouldn't

解析：考查情态动词的辨析。can't“不能”；needn't“不必”；mustn't表示禁止；shouldn't“不应当”。根据句意“快一点，否则你就赶不上火车了。”可以判断用can't。故选A。

答案：A

42．(2013·广东)—Someone is knocking at the door. Is it Ann?

—It________ be her. She is giving a performance at the theatre now.

A．may B．must C．can't D．mustn't

解析：考查情态动词用法。may“可能”；must“必须，一定”；can't“不可能”，此处表示否定推测；mustn't表示禁止。由语境可知选C项。

答案：C

43. —There________ a charity show this weekend.Would you like to join us?

—Of course. I'd love to.

A．is B．has C．will be D．will have

解析：由this weekend推知考查there be结构的一般将来时，即there will be或there is going to be形式，而选项中只有will be，故选C。

答案：C

44．(2013·衢州)—Hurry, Mum! The bus is coming.

—Wait a minute, dear. You________ cross the street until the traffic lights are green. A．must B．need C．mustn't D．needn't

解析：考查情态动词的用法。must“一定，必须”；need“需要”；mustn't表示禁止；needn't“不必”。由句意可知此处表示在绿灯亮起前禁止过马路，所以C项符合题意。

答案：C

45．(2013·广州)—Must I finish my homework now?

—No, you________. You can go home now.

A．needn't B．mustn't C．shouldn't D．can't

解析：考查情态动词的用法。根据句意“我必须现在完成作业吗？”由答句可知，你没有必要(现在完成)，故用needn't“没必要”；mustn't表禁止；shouldn't“不应该”；can't“不能”。故选A。

答案：A

46．—________ late for school again, Tim!

—Sorry, I promise that I________.

A．Don't; won't B．Don't be; won't

C．Don't be; don't D．Don't; will

解析：第一个空考查祈使句的否定形式“Don't＋动词原形”，第二个空用将来时的否定形式。

答案：B

47．—I hear you've got a new iPhone 4S. ________ I have a look?

—Yes, certainly.

A．May B．Do C．Shall D．Should

解析：考查情态动词的用法。请求看对方的手机应该用比较委婉的语气，may在表示许可或请求许可时，语气委婉，故选A。

答案：A

48．—Do you have any plans for this weekend?

—I'm not sure. I ________ go climbing Mount Yuntai.

A．must B．need C．may D．can

解析：考查情态动词的用法。根据“I'm not sure”可判断此处表示可能性很小的推测，意思是“我可能去爬云台山”，may表示推测，符合语境，故选C。

答案：C

49．(2013·嘉兴)Drivers________ wear seat belts while their cars are running on the road.

A．need B．can C．must D．may

解析：考查情态动词的用法。need“需要”；can“可以”；must“必须”；may“可以”。系安全带是司机必须遵守的交通规则，没有缓和的余地。must表达严厉的语气，符合语境。

答案：C

50．—Mum, must I stay there the whole day?

—No, you ________. You ________ come back after lunch, if you like.

A．mustn't; can

B．needn't; must

C．needn't; may

解析：考查情态动词的用法。must引导的疑问句，否定回答应用needn't；再根据后面的“if you like”可知，如果你愿意，可以午餐后回来，故第二个空用may。答案：C