中考英语复习：简单句、并列句、复合句(讲义)

中考二轮复习——第1讲、简单句、并列句、复合句（讲义）

【知识点睛】 一、句子分类

______

______(____________________________)____________________________________________(_____________________)??????????????

???

?????? 、、、　按分 句子按分 、、　

二、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句

陈述句：用于说明事实或说话人的看法 疑问句：用于提问

祈使句：用于表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等 感叹句：用于表达强烈的感情

（一）陈述句

有肯定和否定两种形式，多以句号结尾，读降调。 陈述句的否定式：

1. be 的否定式（be 作系动词和助动词）

2. 助动词、情态动词的否定式

3. 除not 外，其他否定词也可以构成否定句 1) 用no 表示，no = not any/a

2) never 从不，决不，永不 seldom 很少 hardly 几乎不 3) little, few 几乎没有 4) no one/nobody 没有人 5) nothing 什么也没有

6) neither of…没有什么(两者都不)；none of…没有任何，什么都没有(三者或三者以上都不)

7) too…to…太……以至于不能……

（二）疑问句

1. 一般疑问句

（1）用什么词提问，用什么词回答。

—Are you a student? 你是一个学生吗？

—Yes, I am. 是的，我是。/—No, I’m not. 不，我不是。

（2）否定的一般疑问句往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。（注意yes/no的翻

译）

—Don’t you watch TV at night? 你晚上不看电视吗？

—Yes, I do. 不，我看电视。/—No, I don’t. 是的，我不看电视。

（3）用其他词语代替yes/no，使语气更客气、委婉。

—Can you go to the movies with me? 你能和我一起去看电影吗？

—I’m afraid not. I have much homework to do. 恐怕不行，我有很多作业要

做。

2. 特殊疑问句

用特殊疑问词来引导，不用________回答。特殊疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。

（1）疑问代词：what, who, which, whose, whom

（2）疑问副词：when, where, why, how（对状语进行提问）

（3）疑问词组：how soon, how long, how far, how often等

（4）否定的特殊疑问句一般有劝告、建议、责备等意味。

Why don’t you come here?

= Why not come here?

3. 选择疑问句

提出两种或以上的情况要对方选择，不能用________回答，要用完整的句子或其省略形式。

（1）一般选择疑问句句式

—Do you like tea or coffee?

—I like tea.

（2）特殊选择疑问句句式

—Which do you like better, tea or coffee?

—I prefer tea.

4. 反意疑问句

（1）结构：“陈述部分，简短问句？”

（2）原则：_______________，______________

（3）三步走：

第1步将陈述部分变成一般疑问句

第2步提取“助动词(或be动词)+主语”，当主语为名词时，要变为代

词

第3步前肯后否，前否后肯（能缩就缩）

（4）回答：实事求是

【翻译】

——Lucy从不早起，是吗？

——是的，她从不早起。/不，她有时候早起。

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

（三）祈使句

特征：以____________开头，省略第二人称主语_______；若要表示礼貌，可以加上语气词___________。

肯定式否定式特殊式

Stand up! Don’t stand up! No smoking/parking!

Be quiet! Don’t be noisy! No photos!

Let him in! Don’t let him in!

（四）感叹句

感叹句是用来表达人的特殊感情的句子，可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情色

彩。感叹句可以是一个单词、一个不定式、一个由短语构成的独立句，也可以是

由what或how引导的句子，句末常用“!”。

Great!

A good job!

_______________________________

What a good day (it is)!

What terrible weather (it is)!

What smart students (they are)!

_______________________________

How terrible (the weather is)!

How smart (the students are)!

How fast he runs!

【填空】

___________ tall the boy is!

___________ lovely children!

___________ useful book it is!

___________ exciting news!

三、简单句、并列句、复合句

简单句：由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。

I am a student.

Lily and Lucy are twins.

He went up to the door, opened it and entered.

She will go there either this week or next week.

并列句：由并列连词(and, so, but, or等)把两个或以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子。

He did the work and he did it well.

I like music, but I don’t like this song.

Either you leave, or Tom leaves.

复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。

Do you know where my bike is?

John fell asleep while he was listening to the music.

That is the woman I met yesterday.

（一）常见句子成分

主语：句子所要说的人或物；通常由名词或代词担任

谓语：说明主语的动作或状态；由主动词充当

宾语：及物动词或介词的对象或结果；通常由名词或代词担任

表语：在系动词后，表明主语身份或特征；通常由名词、代词、形容词充当

定语：修饰名词或代词；通常由形容词、代词、数词担任

状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词；通常由副词、介词短语担任

宾语补足语：说明宾语怎么样或干什么；常由形容词、动词担任

同位语：通常紧跟在名词、代词后，进一步说明它的情况

（二）简单句五大基本句型

主系表/ 主谓(vi.) / 主谓(vt.)宾/ 主谓(vt.)宾宾/ 主谓(vt.)宾宾补

（三）连词

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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?????????????

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连接词与词或短语与短语表表连接简单句与简单句表连词表连接主句与从句 四、三大从句

（一）宾语从句

含义：在主从复合句中充当宾语的句子。 We know Jack is a lazy student. We are talking about whether it’s a cat . He is unhappy that he didn ’t pass the exam.

分类：动词后宾语从句、介词后宾语从句、形容词后宾语从句 三要素：________、________、________

【难点1】只用连接词whether 的情况

I’m thinking about __________ I should see the film. I haven’t decided __________ to go to the cinema. I’m not sure __________ or not it’s worth seeing the film. 结论：________________________________________

【难点2】特殊疑问句本身语序为陈述语序的句子

Who broke the window?

连接词 _______ (可省略) _______________ _______________ 宾语从句：陈述句 宾语从句：一般疑问句 宾语从句：特殊疑问句 语序 _________语序 时态 Miss Li said that the earth ________ (be) round.

_______________ _______________

_______________

What happened last night?

What’s the matter/the trouble?

I wonder _____________________.

What’s up/wrong?

When will we meet?

【难点3】宾语从句和简单句的转换

I don’t know what I can/should do next. = I don’t know what to do next.

He couldn’t decide which one he could/should buy. = He couldn’t decide which one to buy. Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo? = Could you tell me _________________________? 结论：

1. 当主句的________与从句的________一致时，且主句的谓语动词是know, decide, learn

等时，此复合句可转换成简单句，即从句部分改为“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构。

2. 当主句谓语是ask, tell, show, teach等________动词时，且主句的______________和从

句的________一致时，此复合句可转换成简单句，即从句部分改为“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构。

（二）状语从句

含义：在主从复合句中充当状语的句子。

The bus had left when we arrived at the station.

分类：时间状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句目的状语从句，比较状语从句

各类状语从句连词：

【难点1】when, while, as的区别

when：指时间点或时间段；前后动作可__________发生或__________发生

while：只表一段时间；前后动作__________发生，while后加__________动词(或表状态) as：前后动作并行发生，“一边……一边”；“随着……”

Give this bike to Mary __________ she comes next week.

Return the book to Lily __________ you have finished reading it.

I was doing my homework _________ my mother came in.

You must be quiet __________ Kate is doing her homework.

__________ Tom was watching TV, his parents were taking a walk.

She did sports ________ she listened to music.

【难点2】because, for, since, as的区别

1)because “________” (从属连词) 指直接原因，语气最强。

I did that because she told me to.

2)since “________”(从属连词)表示人们已知的事实，语气比because弱。

Since you can’t answer the question, you can ask s omeone else for help.

3)as “________” (从属连词) 表示不言而喻、显而易见的原因；语气比since弱。

As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi.

4)for “________”(________连词)不表直接原因，表附加或推断的理由，for引导的是并列句。

It rained last night, for the ground is wet now.

【难点3】“主将/祈/情从现”现象

在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，当主句是____________或____________或____________

的句子时，从句要用_____________代替将来。

Don’t point at others with your chopsticks when you _______ (eat).

The boy is very careful when he _______ (cross) the road.

You can realize your dream as long as you ________ (not) give up.

Whatever you _______ (do), wherever you ________ (go), I will be here waiting for you.

注意：主将从现只是一种语法现象，只有“主将”，才有“从现”。时间、条件、让步状

语从句还可以使用其他的很多时态。

（三）定语从句

含义：在主从复合句中充当定语的句子。

A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health.

结构：

【难点1】定语从句中关系词只能用that的情况

1)当先行词是________时，如：all, none, something, everything, anything, nothing, the one

等，关系词用that

Is this school the one that you graduated from?

Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?

2)当先行词被the only, the very(恰恰，正好), the same, little, few, no, any等修饰时，关系

词用that

This is the very bus _______ I am waiting for.

3)当先行词既有______又有______时

I never forget the school and the people that I visited in Shanghai.

4)当先行词被_______或_______修饰时

This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.

5)who或which引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复，只能用that

Who is the girl _______ is crying sadly?

【难点2】当先行词是时间/地点时，用关系副词when/where，还是关系代词which/that?

1)I will never forget the days __________ we spent together.

2)I will never forget the days __________ I was in primary school.

3)This is the school __________ I often pay a visit to.

4)This is the school __________ that teacher once worked.

【精讲精练】

一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句，并分析成分

1.He often drew pictures on the floor with chalk and when his mother saw what he had done,

she would quickly clean them with a mop.

2.He searched out the farmer whom the king had spoken to and asked him the answer to the riddle.

3.Some scientists wonder what would happen if the heat from the computer could be used.

二、填空题

A: 根据汉语提示及句意完成句子

4.My sister is too young to go to school, ____________?

5.Nancy, sweep the classroom, ____________?

6.I don’t think she will agree with me, ____________?

7.You had better stay at home, ____________?

8.—Mr. Li’s never been to Canada, has he?

—______, ___________. He went there on business last week.

B: 根据句意，用适当的连词或关系词或连接词填空

9.Work hard, ________ you’ll pass the test easily.

10.This is the best book _______ I have ever read.

11.________ it rains heavily, no one is late for the class.

12.You won’t catch the bus ________ you leave immediately.

13.The population of China is larger ________ that of America.

14.He wonders ________ his English teacher can come today.

15.不但所有的学生而且他们的英语老师都已读了这本故事书。

________ ________ all the pupils ________ ________ their English teacher ________

________ the storybook.

三、单项选择

( )16.—_______ is it from the New Town to the old city center?

—Less than 30 minutes by underground.

A. How soon

B. How often

C. How long

D. How far

( )17.David, _______, or you will get heavier.

A. doesn’t play sports any more

B. doesn’t eat so much meat

C. don’t play sports any more

D. don’t eat so much meat

( )18.—Listen! Someone is playing the piano.

—Wow! _______ beautiful music! I like it very much.

A. What

B. How a

C. What a

D. How

( )19.The war was over about three months ago, _______ the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with.

A. or

B. and

C. but

D. so

( )20.—Dad, please tell me when Mum ______. I miss her very much.

—She will return when she ______ her task. And she will bring a nice present for you.

A. returns; finishes

B. returns; will finish

C. will return; finishes

D. will return; will finish

( )21.The environment will be worse and worse _______ we take steps to protect it right away.

A. unless

B. although

C. while

D. but

( )22._______ she was tired, ______ she didn’t stop to have a rest.

A. /; so

B. Although; /

C. Although; but

D. Because; so

( )23.I still remember the college and the teachers _______ I visited in London years ago.

A. what

B. who

C. that

D. which

( )24.Franklin told them all _______ to be in Britain again.

A. how happy was he

B. how happy he was

C. how was he happy

D. how he was happy

( )25.—Tell me ______.

—Well, it is like…

A. what is wrong with it

B. what is it

C. what is it like

D. what the matter is with it

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根据句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 1简单句 只包含一个主谓结构，He is a doctor. 2并列句 用并列连词and，but，or把两个的简单句连接而成。 He is a doctor ,and

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he cover/the cover of which）

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简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句 文章来源：互联网 在前面各讲中所说的肯定句、否定句、各种疑问句、感叹句等，是根据句子的作用来划分的。今天，我们再学习一种新的分类方法：即根据句子的内部结构，特别是句子与句子之间的关系来划分的方法。根据句子结构，可以分为三种主要类型：简单句、并列句、复合句，另外还有一种叫并列-复合句子。 要搞懂英语句子结构分类，有一点首先必须明白：即什么是“句子”？句子的概念有两层含义：一是它能表达一个清晰、完整的意思。反过来讲，只要能表达一个清晰、完整的意思的语言单位，不论是长是短，哪怕是一个单词，也算作是一个句子。这是从意义方面来说的。二是句子的结构完整。所谓“完整”，最核心的是一个句子应该有“主语、谓语”。也就是说，有主语、有谓语的语言单位就是一个句子。这就是从句子结构方面来分的，也是从句子语法成份方面来划分的。我们所讲的简单句、并列句、复合句都是从主语、谓语来判定句子类型的。 如果按照句子的结构分类，英文句子可分为三种类型：简单句(Simple Sentence)，并列句(Compound Sentence)和复合句(Complex Sentence)。 一、简单句 简单句的定义是：或者只有一个主语，或者只有一个谓语。为什么说“或者”呢？因为简单句可以只有一个主语，但有几个谓语；或者可以有几个主语，但只有一个谓语。这样一分，简单句就有三种形式了。 1、只有一个主语、一个谓语，再加上其它成份。例如： Light travels faster than sound. 光比声传播速度快。 The film is not interesting. 这部电影没有意思。 Can you finish the work on time? 你能按时完成工作吗？ 2、只有一个主语，但有几个谓语，再加上其它成份。例如： The boy were running, shouting and laughing. 男孩们一边跑，一边笑，一边喊叫着。 You cannot listen to music and memorize at the same time. 你不能既听音乐，同时又背诵东西。 Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paidmore and more attention by people.