英美概况教案 1

INTRODUCTION;

THE UNITED KINGDOM

1. Teaching Aims: let the student get a general knowledge about the UK

2. Key points: a complicated country with a complicated name; the effects of it’s imperial past;

a member of the European Union

3. Difficult points: a multiracial society; remarkable class, regional and economic differences;

a significant role of London

4. Teaching Methods: Multi-media aid teaching; explanation; students’ discussion; traditional teaching;

5. Teaching Hours: 4-6

6. Teaching Procedure:

1 Introduction:

The full name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is a complicated name for what is in many ways a complicated country. Most people know something about it because it’s huge overseas empire gave it an important international role which only came to an end in the years following the Second World War. However, the things that people know about the UK (which they will probably call simply Britain or, wrongly, England) may have little to do with how most real British people live their lives today.

2. Detailed study of the text:

For one thing, the days of empire are now long enough ago that only old people remember it as anything of any importance in their lives. Britain is no longer an imperial country, though the effects of it’s imperial past may be often encountered in all sorts of ways; not least in the close relationships which exist with the fifty or more countries which used to be a part of that empire, and which maintain links through a loose (and voluntary) organization called the Commonwealth of Nations. But more important today in Britain’s international relations is the European Union, of which the UK has been a member since 1973, and it is more useful when considering modern Britain to emphasize its role as a European nation, rather than its membership of the Commonwealth. It remains a relatively wealthy county , a member of the Group of Seven large developed economies.

One other obvious effect of that old imperial role lies in make-up of the British population itself. Immigration from some of those Commonwealth countries, which was encouraged in the 1950s and 1960s, has produced a population of which 1 in 20 are of non-European ethnicity. They themselves , or their parents or grandparents , were born in India of Pakistan, the countries of Caribbean, to name only the most common.

This introduces what is the key theme of the chapters about the United Kingdom: as is the case for most, or all, counties, it is not possible to sum up the British people with a few simple phrases. Many people who think of Britain think of the English gentleman. But this is just a stereotype which never applied to the majority of the British people, and has little validity today. The UK is one nation, with a single passport, and a single government having sovereignty over it all, but as the full name of the nation suggests, it is made up of different elements. It includes 4 parts within the one nation-state: the island of Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland and Wales, and Northern Ireland, a province on the neighboring island of Ireland, completes the set. So when discussing Britain and the British some consideration has to be made of these differences: for example a woman from Scotland would not be pleased if we were to call her an “English gentleman” ! She is Scottish and female, and sees her identity as different from that of men and separate from the English.

. But this distinction between the 4 constituents is only one, and perhaps the simplest, of the differences which divide the United Kingdom. It has been already pointed out that the UK is now a multiracial society, and these quite recent groups of immigrants have brought aspects of their own culture with them which sit side by the side with more traditionally British ways of life, for example, many are Muslims, while most Britain people (in name at least) are Christians. And clearly involved in my example of the Scottish woman is the fact that men and women do nor have the same experience of life in Britain. Also Britain is divided economically: it is a society with a class structure. It is possible to exaggerate the importance of this class structure, because of course most countries have some kind of class system, but it is true to say that the class structure of UK society is relatively obvious. The culture of a factory worker may be quite different from that of a stockbroker whose father was a stockbroker : they will tend to read different newspapers, watch different things in their free-time, and have different expectations for their children.

Another difference which marks British society is that of region. Even within each of the four countries there are different regions: the difference between the “highland” and “lowland” Scots has a long historical significance, for example : north and south England are also considered to be culturally distinct, though the boundary between them is not marked on any map, and exists only as a rather unclear mental attitude. Nevertheless, there is some basis to the distinction in economic terms as the south is on average more wealthy than the north.

Part of the reason for that economic difference between north and south is found in another distinction which marks British society, a distinction which can be seen in many societies but is perhaps particularly obvious in the UK, that is, the difference between the capital and the province. London is in the south of the country, and is dominant in the United Kingdom in all sorts of ways. It is by far the lar gest city in the country, with about one seventh of the nation’s population; it is the seat of government; it is the cultural centre , home to all the major newspapers, TV stations , and with far and away the widest selection of galleries, theatres and museums. Also it is the business centre, headquarters of the nation, and one of the three major international financial centers in the world . As such it combines the functions of Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, or New York, Washington and Los Angeles, in one city. And given its long-standing historical role in the UK, perhaps Xi’an too! London is a huge weight in Britain’s economic and cultural life, and to some extent the rest of the country lives in its shadow.

We shall look at many of these differences , along with other issues, in later chapters, but in the first two chapters we shall discuss just the most obvious: the four nations of the United Kingdom.

7．Assignments after class:

The exercises on page 5&6.

8.Teaching Reflection:

Chapter 1

GREAT BRITAIN

England

1. Teaching Aims: let the student be familiar with England

2. Key points: a cultural and economic dominance of England; invasion from the Roman Empire

3. Difficult points: King Arthur; Parliament’s dominance over the throne

4. Teaching Methods: Multi-media aid teaching; explanation; students’ discussion; traditional teaching;

5.Teaching Hour s: 2

6. Teaching Procedure:

1 Introduction:

England is a highly urbanized country, with 80% of its population living in cities, and only 2% of the population working in agriculture. Its largest city is the capital, London, which is dominant in the UK in all fields: government, f i nance, and culture. England is physically the largest of the four nations, and it has by far the largest population. This dominance in size is reflected in a cultural and economic dominance too, which has the result that people in foreign

countries sometimes make the mistake of talking about England when they mean the UK. Significantly, people in England sometimes make that mistake too, but people in the other three nations would not: they might call themselves British (as might the English), or they might call themselves Scottish or Welsh or Irish, but they certainly wouldn't call themselves (or like to be called) English. So oddly, of the four nations, the English feel most British, and therefore have the weakest sense of themselves as a separate "English" culture within Britain.

2 Detailed study of this part

British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire'. and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a pan of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years. As the Roman empire came under threat from the east, the Roman armies and Roman protection were withdrawn from Britain, and Britain was again divided into small kingdoms, and again it came under threat from outside, this time from Germanic peoples: the Angles, and the Saxons.

One of the best-known En g lish legends der i ves from this time. In the f i fth century AD it is said that a great leader appeared, united the British,and with his magical sword, Excalibur, drove the Saxons back. This is the story of King Arthur, and has been em b ellished by singers. poets, novelists and even filmmakers ever since.

Although King Arthur's real existence is in doubt, you can visit places associated with his legend, such as the cliff-edge castle at Tintagel in Cornwall. According to legend Arthur gathered a company of knights to him, who sat together at Arthur's castle at Camelot (possibly the real hilltop fort at Cadbury Hill in Somerset). Conflict between his knights led to Arthur creating the famous "round table''at which all would have equal precedence3.Perhaps this could be seen as an indicator of the way in which the English have wished to see their monarch as something other than a remote dictator, and have in fact managed to gradually bind the monarchy into a more democratic system, rather than comp l ete l y rejecting it

Whatever Arthur's success, legend or not, it did not last, for the Anglo-Saxons did succeed in invading Britain, and either absorbed the Celtic people, or pushed them to the western and northern edges of Britain. Despite the fact that contemporary English people think of King Arthur as their hero, really he was fighting against them, for these Anglo-Saxon invaders were the forefathers of the English, the founders of"Angle-land" or "England" as it has become known.

Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferocious Vikings, threatened Britain's shores. Their settlements in England grew until large areas of northern and eastern England were under their control. By then the English heroes were truly English (Anglo-Saxon), such as King Alfred the Great, who turned the tide in the south against the Vikings. There remains to this day a certain cultural divide between northe rn ers and southerners in England, which-while not consciously "Saxon" versus "Dane", may have its origins in this time.The richer southerners tend to think of northerners as less sophisticated than themselves, while northerners think southerners arrogant and unfriendly. They are a l so marked by having distinctly different accents.

The next invaders were the Normans, from northern France, who were descendants of Vikings. Under William of Normandy (known as "William the Conqueror"8) they crossed the English

Channel in 1066, and in the Battle of Hastings, defeated an English army under King Harold. This marks the last time that an army from outside the British Isles succeeded in invading.

Wi l liam took the English throne, and be- came William the First of England. The Tower of London, a castle in the centre of London which he built, still stands today.

The Normans did not settle England to any great extent: rather they imported a ruling class. The next three hundred years may be thought of as a Norman (and French-speaking) aristocracy ruling a largely Saxon and English-speaking popula t ion. It is this situation which produced another of England's heroic legends. This is the legend of Robin Hood", the Saxon nobleman oppressed by the Normans, who became an out-law, and with his band of "merry men" hid in the forest of Sherwood in the north midlands of England. From this secret place, armed with their longbows, they then went out to rob from the rich to give to the poor. This early English socialist (!) has featured in many television series and films,both British and American. Some writers have seen in the popularity of this legend of a rebellion hidden in the green wood a clue to the English character: a richly unconventional interior life hidden by an external conformity.But, like all stereotypes,this one has its weaknesses, as many English people, especially young people, like to display their unconvenionality external l y—for example English punk rockers with their vividly dyed spiky hair. But it is certainly true that the lifeless fronts of many English houses conceal beautiful back gardens. Gardening is one of the most popular pastimes in Eng l and, and the back garden provides a place where people's outdoor life at home can go on out of the public gaze. This may contrast with people from other countries whose outdoor life might be more social—sitting on the front porch watching passers-by.

The next few hundred years following th e Norman invasion can be seen as a process of joining together the various parts of the British Isles under English rule, so that any English identity eventua l ly became swamped by the necessity of adopting a wider British identity, both to unite the kingdom internally, and to present a s i ngle i dentity externally as Britain became an imperial power. At the s ame ti m e power was gradually transferred from the monarch to the parl i ament Charles the First's attempt to overrule parliament in the 1640s l ed to a civil war in which parliamentary forces were victorious, and the k i ng was executed. After a gap of eleven years in which England WAS RULED BY parliament's leader, Oliver Cromwell15, the monarchy was restored.:Further conflict between parliament and the king led to the remov a l of the Scottish house of Stuart from the throne, and Wi l liam and M a ry were imported from Holland to take the throne, thus finally esta b l i sh i n g parliament’s dominance over the throne.

Scotland

1. Teaching aims: have a general knowledge about Scotland

2. Key points:physical features of Scotland; a cultural division between highland and lowland

3. Difficult points: independence of Scotland for 300 years; a strong Scottish identity

4. Teaching Methods: Multi-media aid teaching; explanation; students’ discussion; traditional teaching;

5. Teaching Hours: 4-6

6. Teaching procedure:

1 Introduction

Scotland is the second largest of the four nations, both in population and in geographical area. It is also the most confident of its own identity because alone amongst the non-English components of the UK it has previously spent a substantial period of history as a unified state independent of the UK. Thus it is not a big leap for the Scottish to imagine themselves

independent again.

2 Detailed study of this part

Physically, Scotland is the most rugged part of the UK, with areas of sparsely populated mountains and lakes in the north (The Highlands), and in the south (The Southern Uplands). Three-quarters of the population lives in the lowland zone which spans the country between these two highland areas. The largest city is Glasgow, in the west of this zone. Scotland's capital city is Edinburgh, on the east coast forty miles away from Glasgow. It is renowned for its beauty, and dominated by its great castle on a high rock in the centre of the city. Both cities have ancient and internationally respected universities dating from the 15th century.

Scotland was not conquered by the Romans, though they did try to, and for a while occupied as far as the edge of the northern highland zone. But the difficulty of maintaining their ru l e there caused them to retreat to a line roughly equivalent to the contemporary boundary between England and Scotland. Along this line, from sea to sea, they, l ike the Chinese, built a wall to mark the northern edge of their domain, and to help defend it. It is called "Hadrian's Wall"18 after the Empe ro r of Rome at the time of its building, and al t hough ruined, lengths of it can still be seen and walked along.

Nor was most of Scotland conquered by the Anglo-Saxons, although an Angle Kingdom was established in the southeast—hence Edinburgh's Germanic name. British celts displaced from the south by Saxon invasion occupied the area around what is now Glasgow, and in this same period (around the sixth century AD) people from northern Ireland invaded the south-west. They were called the Scots, and it is they that gave the modern country of Scotland its name. The original Scottish celts, called the Picts, were left with the extensive but unproductive highland Zone. The division between highland and lowland Scotland remains a cultural divide today, in much the same way as north and south England see themselves as different from each other. There are even areas in the highlands where (in addition to English) people speak the old Celtic language, called "Gaelic".

Like England, Scotland began to experience Viking raids in the ninth century, and it was the pressure from this outside threat that led Scottish kings to unify, forming an independent singular Scottish state at just abou t the same time that Anglo-saxon England was also unifying. The presence of this larger powerful kingdom on its southern doorstep was the key factor in Scottish politics from that time on, with frequent wars between the two. William Shakespeare's play "Macbeth" is set in the Scotland of this period. The town of Berwick upon Tweed near the Scottish border in present day Eng l and is said to have changed hands thirteen times as a result of Ang l o-Scottish conflict. Despite the conflict, there were close ties between the two countries with extensive intermarriage between the two aristocracies, and even between the royal families. A recent Ho l lywood movie, Braveheart, told the story of William Wal l ace's uprising in 1298, which was quelled by the English. But only a few years later the Scots, under the leadership of Robert the Bruce21, were victorious at the Battle of Bannockburn22, leading to 300 years of full independence.

In 1603, however. Queen Eli z abeth the First of England died childless, and the next in l ine to the throne was James the sixth of Scotland, so he also became James the First of England, uniting the two thrones. But for another hundred years Scotland maintained its separate political identity. However, in 1707 by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments. Scotland joined the Union. There followed two rebe l lions in 1715 and 1745 in which the heir to the Stuart c l a i m (deposed in 1688 by the English parliament) to the British throne attempted to reassert his right to rule Britain, gathering support in Scot l and then marching with an army into Eng l and. In 1745 this led to a brutal military response from the British army. The rebel army was destroyed at the Battle of Culloden25 (the last battle on British soil) in northern Scotland

Scott i sh highland clan (extended family group) culture was effec t ive l y de s troyed at this time, and today exists l argely as a way of parting tourists from their money by sel l ing them "tartan" souven i rs o r history of "their" clan. For following Culloden, and even more imp o rtan tly the agricultural changes of the 18th century which led to depopulation of the highlands, many Scots sought their fortune outside Sco tla n d— in England, America, Canada, or Australia. So that there are more people of Scottish descent outside Scotland than in it, and many of those come back to find their "roots", forming a good target for the se l ler s of such souvenirs.

The dream of an independent Scotland has not vanish ed, but it does not seem to be one shared by most Scots. Scotland elects its members of parliament to the London parliament in just the same way as the English do. I t sends 72 representatives to London, but at the last election (in 1992). of those 72 on l y 3 were elected from the Scottish Nationalist Party—a political party which wants an independent Scotland. However, the largest group of MPs (49) was from the Labour party, which has said that if they are e l ected as the UK government at the next election they will set up a regional par l iament for Scotland to manage its own internal affairs within the UK.

Scotland has a great tradition of innovation in the arts, philosophy and science. The inventor of the telephone was a Scot, and the first man to transmit a television picture was another. Its writers have given the world such well-known work as Wa l ter Scott's26 romances of highland Scotland, and "Auld Lang Syne"" (by Robert Bums, who wrote in the Scots dialect). But the work which many consider to best sum up Scotland's position is the famous novel DrJekyll andMrHyde,by Robert Louis Stevenson28,which describes how the civilised scientist Dr Jekyll transforms periodically into the crude and violent Mr Hyde. This description of the dual nature of man is perhaps a good way to think of Scotland: superficially fully integrated into the UK, but concealed beneath this is a still-strong Scottish identity29

Wales

Teaching aims: have a general knowledge about Wales

Main Points: a history of invasions;

Difficult Points: Wales’ unification with t heＵＫ；ｃａｍｐａｉｇｎｆｏｒｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｃｅ

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The capita] of Wales is Cardiff, a small city of about 300 000 people on the south coast. This southern area was an important element in Britain's industria l revolution, as it had rich coal deposits. Coal-mining became a key industry for the Welsh, emp l oying tens of thousands at its height. So its recent disappearance has been a major economic and cu l tural blow. But South Wales has been very successful in attracting investment from abroad—particular l y Japan and the United States, which has helped to create new industries to replace coal and steel.

Wales is the smallest among the three nations on the British mainland, though larger than Northern Ire l and. It is very close to the most densely populated parts of central England. Though it is hillier and more rugged than adjacent parts of England there is no natura l boundary. So Wales has been dominated by Eng l and for longer than the other nations of the u nion. Nevertheless, what is remarkab l e is that despite this near ness and l ong-standing political integration Wales retains a powerful sense of its difference from England. It also retains its own language. Welsh. This is a Celtic tongue complete l y different from English, spoken by 19% of the population, a much higher proportion of the population than speak Gaelic in Scotland.

Again, all those Welsh-speakers are also fluent in English.

Like the rest of Britain, before the arrival of the Roman empire, Wales was a land of Celtic peoples,living in a number of small tribal kingdoms. Wales was conquered by the Romans eventually, though with difficulty. The Welsh chieftain Caradoc fought a long guerrilla campaign from the Welsh hills against the invader. When the Romans left Britain Wales was again a Celtic land, though again divided into separate kingdoms, but unlike England it did not fall to

the Anglo-Saxon invaders of the fifth century.

But Wales was always under pressure from its English neighbours, particularly after the Norman conquest, when Norman barons set up castles and estates in Wales under the authority of the English Crown. Thus there was a need to unify Wales to successfu l ly resist the English. This did not happen until Llywelyn ap Gruffudd30 brought a large portion of Wales under his rule, and by a military campaign forced the English to acknowledge him as Prince of Wales in 1267. But when he died. the English king, Edward the First, set about conquering Wales. bui l ding a series of great stone castles there from which to control the population. These castles stand today as one of Wales' greatest tourist attractions (along with its beaches,cliffs and mountains), and tourism is now an important industry.

Edward the First named his son the Prince of Wales, and the first son of the monarch has held that title ever since (including the present day Prince Charles) to try to bring Wales into the British nation. The last real attempt to resist that process was in the earl} 15th century when Owain Glyndwr" led an unsuccessful rising against the English. Today Glyndwr and Llywelyn are more than simple h i storical figures for the Welsh, they are the almost legendary heroes of We l sh nationalism. The n-brief campaigns are the only times in history w hen Wales has existed as a unified independent nation.

A hundred years after Glyndwr. in 1536. Wales was brought legally, administratively,and politicall y i nto the UK by an act of the British parliament. This close long-stand i ng relationship means that modern Wales lacks some of the outw ard signs of diff e r enc e which Scot l and possesses— its lega l system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statist i cs are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use. But as a source of the Welsh identity this is sometimes divisive, because 80% of the Welsh don't speak the language, and yet feel Welsh. Since most of the Welsh speakers are in the north, this deepens a cultural division between the more populated, industrial south, and the rura l north of Wales.

As in Scotland the Welsh people elect their MPs to the London parliament. The Welsh too have nationalist party. "Plaid Cymru"(The Party of Wales), which campaigns for an independent Wales. Of the 38 Welsh MPs, 4 are members of this party. Under a Labour government Wales will probably gain its own parliament to manage its own internal affairs.

7．Assignments after class:

The exercises on page １６，１７&１8

8. Teaching Reflection:

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《英美概况》教学大纲

《英美概况》教学大纲 课程编号：12307058 课程名称：英美概况 学时分配：36学时，2-19 学分：2分 考核方式：考查，闭卷 课程类别：专业限选课 面向对象：外事二年级学生 一、课程的任务和目的： 《英美概况》是介绍英语国家社会与文化入门的一门课程。开设本课的目的在于使学生通过学习，了解英美国家的历史、地理、社会、经济、政治、教育等方面的情况及其文化传统，内容庞杂、信息量大。 培养学生正确分析有关英美等国问题的能力，并能以正确的眼光看待世界上所发生的问题，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，培养学生跨文化交际能力。把学生培养成为高素质的人才，同时又能爱祖国、热爱社会主义，致力为祖国的繁荣、发达而努力的人才，培养学生树立正确世界观。 同时，通过课文的学习和各种练习的实践，达到提高英语水平的目的。通过比较学习不同文化中具有特殊文化涵义的词语与表达式，可以促使学生掌握一些特殊词语的深层次意义，是对词汇的学习以及翻译水平的提高的有益补充；通过开展中外文化的比较，让学生切身感受到成功的交际仅有语言是远远不够的，文化方面的因素有时所起的作用远远大于语言本身，必将为英语学习者成功地参与国际商务活动，更有效地进行国际合作与交流打下坚实的文化基础。

二、课程的基本要求： 要求熟悉英语国家的地理、历史、发展现状、文化传统、风俗习惯，具有较强的跨文化交际意识。 三、课程的主要内容： 主要包括英美两国的地理、历史、政体制度、教育、新闻媒体、风俗习惯等内容，目的在于开阔学生的视野，扩大他们的知识面，并注意借鉴最新研究成果，合理吸收最新知识，进一步增强其实用性。 四、课程教学内容与要求 第一章：美国简况（国家的组成、国土等）（2学时） 教学要求：通过教学使学生掌握美国地理简况：国家的基本组成，国土等。以及美国国家形成的基本历史发展过程。 教学重点：美国国家形成过程中产生的几个重要的历史事件。 教学难点：分析并了解American Revolution产生的原因。

英美概况(英国篇1：英国的国土与人民 )

I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛-大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 (1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. 英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5.The Commonwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是曾为英国殖民地的、但现已独立国家所构成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。 II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征 1.Geographical position of Britain: 英国的地理位置： Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部，与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。 2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands. 英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。 III. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊

英语国家概况教案Lesson 4

南京交通职业技术学院 教案

授课主要内容 说明：教师备课笔记由学校自订式样并附后

Unit 2 History Lesson 4 A Brief History of the USA I．Revision: Oral homework：What’s your impression of the USA ? (可以适当的用中文) 参考资料 Mount Rashmore Mount Rushmore National Memorial, near Keystone, South Dakota, is a monumental granite sculpture by Gutzon Borglum, with 60-foot (18 m) sculptures of the heads of former United States presidents (left to right): George Washington (1732–1799), Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826), Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919), and Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865). Abraham Lincoln The 16th President of the United States, who guided his country through the most devastating experience in its national history---the Civil War. US Coat of Arms The Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States federal government. The Great Seal was first used publicly in 1782. The design on the obverse of the great seal is the national coat of arms of the United States. It is officially used on documents such as United States passports, military insignia, embassy placards, and various flags. Franklin Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882 –April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was the thirty-second President of the United States. Elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945 and is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms. He was a central figure of the 20th century during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war, and has been ranked as one of the three greatest US presidents in scholarly surveys. II. New Lesson: Part I. Word Box Part II. Text Pre-reading: Give a brief introduction of the historic periods of the USA by referring to

英美概况知识点

Reviewing Questions for A Survey of Britain 1. What are the four political regions in the UK? England,Scotland,Wales and Noethern Ireland. 2. What are the three zones in Scotland? The Highlands in the north,the Lowlands in the centre,the Uplands in the south. 3. How is the BBC financed? It is financed by the grants from the British government and the sale of licenses. 4. What is the big event that happened in 1066? The Norman Conquest. 6.What are the capital cities of Northen Ireland and Irish republic respectively? Belfast and Dublin. 7. What are most of the western governments divided into? Legislative,executive,and judicial 8. What are the three major news agencies in the UK? Reuters,the Press Association Ltd. and Extel Financial 9. What are the two school systems at primary and secondary levels? The state school system and independent school system 10. What does the British central government consists of? The Cabinet,the Prime Minister,the Privy Council,and the Civil Servants 11. What does the British parliament consist of? The Monarchy,The House of Lords and The House of Commons 13. What does the Westminster consists of? Westminster Abbey and Place of Westminster 14. Why do Englishmen like to talk about the weather? Because the weather changes frequently there`s always something to say about it , and this is probably the commonest way for strangers to start a conversation in Britian. 15. What is the official name of Great Britain? The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 16. What are the two sides in the Second World War? The Axis Powers and the Allies 17. How often does a general election normally take place? Every five years 18. What is the main function of the House of Commons in Britain? Legieslation 19. What are the three major parties in the UK? The Conservative Party,the Labor Party and the Liberal Party 20. What are the three great religions of the world? Christianity,Islam and Buddhism.

英美概况考试重点复习材料(英国部分)

英美概况考试重点复习材料（英国部分） 英美概况考试重点复习材料（英国部分） Chapter 1第一章 Land and People 英国的国土与人民 I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4. Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wale大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。

(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast.北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5. The monwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has about 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是独立的前英国殖民地组成的自由联合体。它成立于1931 年，至1990年止已有约50个成员国。 Chapter 2 第二章 The Origins of a Nation (5000BC-1066)英国的起源（公元前5000年—1066年）

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英美概况教学课程总结 本学期我担任了０９应用英语和商务英语班的英美概况教学任务，在紧张和忙碌的教学工作中，一个学期转眼即逝，现在将本学期的教学工作大致总结如下。 1.本学期我担任的英美概况虽然不是新课，但我并没有因此马虎。课前 认真备课，钻研教材，教学中能总结去年的经验，根据学生具体情况 和需求力求在教学内容和方法上有所改进和突破。 2.认真使用电子教室，探索计算机辅助教学模式。本学期我任教的2 个班都使用电子教室。我课前认真备课，花了大量时间设计制作幻灯 片。每堂课严格按照学校的要求进行。电子教室的使用加大了课堂教 学容量和密度，提高了教学效率。根据教学内容介绍了英美国家的历 史、地理、政治、文化、教育、风情习俗和有关文学常识，帮助学生 对英语国家有一个很好的了解。 3.为了检测学生的掌握程度，经常会布置一些作业留给学生思考，而且 在课堂上也强调学生的主动参与，发表对某一历史事实的看法，强化 学生的理解与记忆。 4.同时为了提高自己的能力，我多次向其他老师学习观摩，进行听课。 听课的主要对象是双高老师和教学经验丰富的老师课。听了这些老师 的课，我的收获很大，逐步掌握了一些驾驭课堂的技巧。听完课之后， 把老教师上课时讲到的记在听课记录上，然后对我自己的备课教案进 行修改，将老教师很多优点和长处应用到我的课堂教学当中去，让我 的课堂组织能力得到了很大的提高。除了听课之外，平时我也经常向 其他老师请教教学上的问题。这些老师都非常热情的帮我解答，使我 获益匪浅。从中我也明白了，知识和经验不会自己从天上掉下来，必 须发扬勤学好问的精神，把自己当成学生一样，积极吸取周围其他老 师一切先进的东西，才能提高自己的水平。 努力方向：今后应加强理论学习和实践交流，力求在教学方法上有所突破。探索计算机网络辅助教学模式。 2010年12月29日

英美概况UNIT1

该国，我们正在研究的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。这是一个什么在许多方面是一个复杂的国家复杂的名字。大多数人都知道做些什么，因为它的庞大的海外帝国给它一个重要的国际作用，只是来到一个在未来数年年底，之后第二次世界大战。然而，一些市民对英国知道（他们可能会呼吁干脆英国或错误，英格兰）可能不大如何最真实的英国人今天过自己的生活。 一方面，帝国的日子已经足够长的时间以前，只有老人记得他们的任何东西是生活中的重要性。英国不再是一个帝国的国家，尽管其帝国的影响可能常常在遇到的各种方式，而不是在与50或更多曾是这个帝国的一部分，和国家之间的密切关系，至少它通过一个松散的维持（自愿）组织的联系称为英联邦国家。但更重要的英国国际关系今天是欧洲联盟，其中英国1973年以来的成员，这是在考虑更有用现代英国强调它的作用作为一个欧洲国家，而不是其英联邦成员资格。它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家，是7国集团成员的大型发达经济体。 另外一个旧帝国的作用明显成效在于弥补的英国人口本身。从这些英联邦国家，这在20世纪50年代和60年代鼓励一些移民，已制作了其中1人在20个非欧洲种族。他们自己或其父母或祖父母，出生在印度或巴基斯坦，加勒比国家，这些只是最常见的。 这将引入什么是对英国的章节关键主题：因为是大多数情况下，或所有，国家是不可能总结了一些简单的对话英国人民。英国认为谁，很多人认为的英国绅士。但是，这仅仅是一个旧有的从未适用于英国绝大多数人来说，没有什么真正的有效性今天。英国是一个国家，一个单一的护照，和一个政府及对其所有的主权，但作为国家的大力顾名思义，它是由不同的元素组成。它包括4一个国家内的部分国家：大不列颠岛是由英格兰，苏格兰和威尔士，北爱尔兰，一份关于爱尔兰邻近的岛屿省份，完成设置。因此，在讨论英国和英国的一些考虑，必须使这些分歧，例如：一个来自苏格兰的女人不会高兴，如果我们打电话给她的英国绅士？她是苏格兰和女性，并认为她的身份从不同的男人和不同的英语。 但是，这4个组成部分之间的区别的国家只有一个，也许是最简单的，不同的是分裂联合王国。有人已经指出，英国现在是一个多种族社会，这些移民是最近才集团带来了自己的文化，这与他们并肩坐在一起，与生活更加传统的英国方式方方面，例如，许多穆斯林，而大多数（名英国人至少）是基督教徒。并明确在我的苏格兰妇女的例子涉及的是事实，人和女人没有生活在英国同样的经历。此外，英国经济分为：它是一个阶级结构的社会。很可能夸大了这个阶级的重要性，因为结构的过程中，大多数国家有一些一流的一种制度，但它确实可以说，对英国社会的阶级结构是比较明显的。一名工厂工人，他的父亲是工厂的工人很可能会从股票经纪，父亲是一名股票经纪人，不同的文化：他们将倾向于读不同的报纸，看不同的电视节目，用不同的说话口音，在做不同的事情他们的自由时间，对自己的孩子有不同的期望。 另一个不同之处，这标志着英国社会就是区域。即使在四个国家，每个地区的不同：高地之间的差异和低地苏格兰有着悠久的历史意义，例如：北部和南部英格兰队也被认为是文化不同，但它们之间的边界上没有标记任何地图，只存在一个比较笼统的精神风貌。然而，有一些是在经济方面的区别的基础，南部平均较富裕的北方。 部分之间的北部和南部的另一个区别，这标志着英国社会，一个可以看到在许多社会中，但有可能尤其明显，在英国，也就是资本之间的区别和不同的经济差别的原因找到了省份。伦敦是在该国南部，并在英国占主导地位的各种方式。这是迄今为止该国最大的城市，约占全国人口的七分之一，它是政府的所在地，它是文化中心，这里是所有的主要报纸，电视台，与遥遥领先的最广泛选择画廊，剧院和博物馆。此外它是商业中心，在英国大公司总部的绝大多数，是国家的金融中心，三个主要的国际金融中心之一。因此，它结合了北京，上海，广州，还是纽约，华盛顿和洛杉矶的职能，在一个城市。并鉴于其长期在英国的历史作用，

英美概况括考前知识点总结

英国概况 1，英国名称：The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) 2，地理位置：Great Britain is the largest island of the British Isles, the largest island in Europe and the eighth-largest island in the world. It lies to the northwest of Continental Europe, with Ireland to the west, and makes up the largest part of the territory of the state known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is surrounded by over 1,000[citation needed] smaller islands and islets. 或者回答British mainland western Europe from Great Britain and Ireland, north-east and many nearby islands， She east by the North Sea, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, up to the North Atlantic off Iceland, Yugoslavia and the European continent, separated only by a strip of water, the English Channel 3, 英国首都：London 4,组成部分：England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 5,民族：England Welsh、Scotch、Irish 6, 英国国旗：the Union Flag英国国歌：God Save The Queen 天佑女7，三次外族入侵：ⅠRoman Conquest；43AD, the roman empire

张奎武《英美概况》(第4版)笔记和课后习题详解-上册(英国)【圣才出品】

上册（英国） 英国 第一部分英国地理 Ⅰ. Multiple Choices. 1. Three of the following are characteristics of London. Which of the four is the EXCEPTION? A. London is a political, economic and cultural centre of the country. B. London has a larger population than all other cities in England. C. London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world. D. London has played a significant role in the economic construction of the country. 【答案】C 【解析】伦敦是英国最大的城市，也是世界上最大的城市之一，并非是最大的城市。 2. Which of the following is not a political division on the island of Great Britain? A. England B. Scotland C. Northern Ireland D. Wales

【答案】C 【解析】大不列颠岛上共有三个政治分区，分别为England（位于南部，面积最大、人口最稠密），Scotland（位于北部，拥有三大自然区：北部高地、中部低地和南部丘陵）和Wales（位于西部）。Ireland是大不列颠岛之外的另一个岛屿，包含英国的Northern Ireland 和the Republic of Ireland。故选C。 3. Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London? A. The cultural centre. B. The business centre. C. The financial centre. D. The sports centre. 【答案】D 【解析】伦敦是英国的文化和商业中心，也是世界金融中心。 4. Which of the following is NOT true about Britain? A. It used to be a powerful imperial country in the world. B. It plays an active role as a member of the European Union. C. It is a relatively wealthy and developed country. D. It used to be one of the superpowers in the world. 【答案】D 【解析】直到现在，英国仍然是世界上最强大的国家之一。因此D项错误。

英美概况课程教学大纲(全理论的)

《英美概况》教学大纲 课程名称：英美概况课程代码：04213020 课程类别：公共基础课课程性质：必修 总学时：64 理论学时：64 先修课程：《综合英语》 适用专业：应用英语、商务英语开课单位：经管学院 一、课程性质、目的 课程性质：《英语国家概况》是英语专业的一门知识性基础课。本课程以英语为媒介，比较系统地向学生阐述世界主要英语国家的社会与文化背景，如地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的基本知识。它是英语专业学生学习英语专业其它语言基础课和在高年级阶段学习英语文学和翻译等课程的基础。 课程目的：本课程的教学目的是提高学生在跨文化语言运用过程中对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，从而改善学生的跨文化语言运用能力。 二、课程内容和学时分配 第一章大不列颠与北爱尔兰简介 【教学基本要求】 对英国的社会及文化背景作全面概括，使学生了解英国社会和文化的过去和现在的情况。 【教学时数】 6 【教学重点和难点】 重点： 英国社会背景文化知识介绍。 难点： 英国的民族与宗教及政治体制。 【教学内容】 英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士的地理、语言发展和民族特点，以及北爱尔兰地理、宗教信仰及民族独立问题。 第二章英国政府与当代政治、经济 【教学基本要求】 使学生认识英国的政府统治体制和议会程序及选举制度，同时了解英国当代的政治经济情况。【教学时数】 6 【教学重点和难点】 重点： 英国政府体制的特色；民族等级制度对人民生活的影响；英国经济发展的原因。

难点： 英国政府议会选举程序。 【教学内容】 1、英国君主立宪制度议会制度及内阁 2、英国选举制度、政党制及政治发展趋势 3、英国经济概况、农业及飞机工业的发展 第三章英国的对外关系 【教学基本要求】 通过课文讲解使学生认识英国的发展历史、外交政策及英美两国的关系。【教学时数】6 【教学重点和难点】 重点： 英帝国的扩张历史； 难点： 对外政策的基础和对外关系发展。 【教学内容】 1、大英帝国的扩张历史及现状、英国对外政策的基础和立足点 2、英国与北约、欧盟等一些国际组织的关系 3、英美两个资本主义大国之间的关系 第四章英国社会文化与生活 【教学基本要求】 通过教学，让学生了解英国的教育体制和社会各阶层的生活情况。 【教学时数】 6 【教学重点和难点】 重点： 英国教育特点；传统节日。 难点： 英国各阶层和种族情况。 【教学内容】 1、英国社会各阶层、各种族概述 2、英国教育体系及特点和传统节日 3、英国新闻传媒机构简介 第五章英国文学 【教学基本要求】 使学生了解英国各时期文学的创作特色，能够欣赏相关文学作品。

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《英美概况》教案 The Greek and Roman Mythology Teaching Objectives: The students should get to know the stories in the Greek and Roman mythology Teaching Methods: Presentation, Question-answering Difficult/Focal Points: The Main Gods and Goddess in the mythology The heroes and their stories Teaching Procedure: Part I Greece& Rome Greece is a country in southeastern Europe. Situated on the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula, Greece has land borders with Albania阿尔巴尼亚, the Republic of Macedonia 马其顿and Bulgaria保加利亚to the north, and Turkey to the east. The Aegean Sea爱琴海lies to the east of mainland Greece, the Ionian Sea 爱奥尼亚海to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea 地中海to the south. Modern Greece traces its roots to the civilisation of ancient Greece, generally considered the cradle of western civilization. As such, it is the birthplace of democracy,[7] Western philosophy,[8] the Olympic Games, Western literature and historiography, political science, major scientific and mathematical principles, and Western drama,[9] including both tragedy and comedy. Ancient Greece is the civilization belonging to the period of Greek history lasting from the Archaic period of the 8th to 6th centuries BC to 146 BC and the Roman conquest of Greece after the Battle of Corinth. At the center of this time period is Classical Greece, which flourished during the 5th to 4th centuries BC, at first under Athenian leadership successfully repelling the military threat of Persian invasion. The Athenian Golden Age ends with the defeat of Athens at the hands of Sparta in the Peloponnesian War in 404 BC. Classical Greek culture had a powerful influence on the Roman Empire, which carried a version of it to many parts of the Mediterranean region and Europe, for which reason Classical Greece is generally considered to be the seminal culture which provided the foundation of Western civilization Part II Survey of the mythic history The mythological "history of the world" may be divided into three or four broader periods: A.The myths of origin or age of gods ("births of gods"): myths about the origins of the world, the gods, and the human race. B.The age when gods and mortals mingled freely: stories of the early interactions between gods, demigods, and mortals. C.The age of heroes (heroic age), where divine activity was more limited. The last and greatest of the heroic legends is the story of the Trojan War and after. A. The myths of origin or age of gods ("births of gods"): myths about the origins of the world, the gods, and the human race. "Myths of origin" or "creation myths" represent an attempt to render the universe comprehensible in human terms and explain the origin of the world. ( First Dynasty ) He begins with Chaos, a yawning nothingness. Out of the void emerged Gaia Gaea(the Earth). (Second Dynasty) Without male assistance, Gaia gave birth to Oranos Uranus (the Sky) who then fertilized her. From that union were born first the Titans—six males: Coeusk, Crius, Cronus, Hyperion, iapetus, and Oceanus; and six females: Mnemosyne, Phoebe, Rhea, Theia, Themis,

英美概况美国部分整理

America The Founding of Colonies殖民地的建立 First Inhabitants：American Indians Discovery of the New World： 1492 Christopher Columbus →the discoverer of America (Italian)Spanish Queen’ s support 1501-2 Amerigo Vespucci →the new land was name after him as America. reached the mouth of Amazon River America—the New World Europe—the Old World 13 colonies： New England Colonies: Mid Atlantic Colonies: Southern Colonies: Massachusetts →（2nd colony，1620）New York Maryland New Hampshire Pennsylvania Virginia →（1st colony，1607）Rhode Island Delaware North Carolina Connecticut South Carolina Georgia →（the last colony，1733）New England Region（6个）: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine and Vermont 建立原因： Virginia, 1607 Virginia Company For foreign expansion as a way of easing religious dispute and economic distress in England 105 men (no women) Jamestown in honor of the king Massachusetts In 1620 102 Puritans (“Pilgrim Fathers”), in Mayflower, from Plymouth in England to America First in Plymouth (today’s Massachusetts); and then Boston Seek religious freedom Mayflower Compact <五月花号公约>：self-government Hardships when arrived the help of the Indians Thanksgiving Day to thank the Indians and the God for protection The next three colonies Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire Reasons: 1. religious disputes and struggles in Massachusetts intensified 2. more immigrants

《英美概况》课后练习

期末考试 一、单项选择题 1. The UK is bordered on the _____ by the English Channel. A. east B. west C. north D. south 【正确答案】D 【答案解析】答案选D。The UK is bordered on the south by the English Channel.参见教材P86。 本题知识点：Geographical features(UK), 2. The narrowest part of the English Channel is called _____. A. the Straits of Dover B. Chunnel C. Strait of Gibraltar D. Marroqui 【正确答案】A 【答案解析】答案选A。The English Channel between England and France is quite narrow and the narrowest part is called the Straits of Dover.参见教材P86。 本题知识点：Geographical features(UK),

3. The UK has a _____ climate. A. arid climates B. semi-humid C. continental D. maritime 【正确答案】D 【答案解析】答案选D。The UK has a maritime climate.参见教材P88。本题知识点：Climate(UK), 4. The UK is an island country which lies between latitude _____ north. A. 50° to 60° B. 30° to 40° C. 40° to 50° D. 60° to 70° 【正确答案】A 【答案解析】答案选A。The UK is an island country which lies between latitude 50° to 60° north.参见教材P88。 本题知识点：Climate(UK), 5. The UK has a _____ throughout the whole year.