高三复习主谓一致

主谓一致

一、语法一致原则

主语是单数形式，谓语用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。

1.当主语后跟有[增加with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, plus, in addition to, accompanied by], [减去except, but], [补充说明like, such as, for example, for instance, among, including, rather than, no less than, more than]等介词时,谓语根据前面的主语变化，即就远原则。

2.一个从句做主语，谓语用单数；多个从句做主语，谓语用复数。由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数。

3.一个动名词或（疑问词+）不定式做主语，谓语用单数；多个动名词或动词不定式做主语（指不同的事物时），谓语用复数。

4. 用and和both…and…连接两个名词或代词做主语时，一般情况下谓语动词用复数形式；

5.在强调句型中，it后面的be动词只能用is或was（根据原句时态）；who 或that 后的谓语在人称和数上应与前面被强调的名词或代词保持一致，即和原句保持一致。

6. 由[a kind of ,this/that kind of, many kinds of+名词]做主语时，谓语和kind保持一致；[名词+of this/that kind]做主语时，谓语和名词保持一致。因为of短语通常做定语。类似的词还有：type, sort, form, part, piece, pair, series等。

7.each, all, both用作同位语时，谓语仍和主语保持一致。

8.[数词+名词1+of+名词2]（如three cups of tea）做主语，谓语单复数由第一个名词决定。

9.[a quantity of/( large) quantities of +可数或不可数名词]做主语，谓语单复数由quantity决定。

[a large amount of/large amounts of+不可数名词]做主语，谓语单复数由amount决定。

10. a/an +名词单数+and half 或a +名词单数+ or two 做主语, 谓语用单数;

one and a half +名词复数做主语，谓语用单复数均可；one or two +名词复数做主语, 谓语用复数。

二、意义一致原则

句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语用单数，句子的主语意义是复数意义，则谓语用复数。

a.谓语用复数

1. people, police, cattle做主语时, 谓语用复数；其中people和police要被大于“一”的数词修饰，而cattle要被十的倍数修饰或可以说two heads of cattle。

2.以-s结尾的山脉、群岛、海峡、湖泊、瀑布等做主语，谓语常用复数；但Niagara Falls做主语，谓语用单数

3.当一些由两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名称做主语时, 谓语用复数形式, 如: trousers, jeans, pants, shorts, socks, stockings, shoes, gloves, glasses, goods, stairs, handcuffs(手铐), arms(武器) clothes, compasses(圆规), chopsticks, scales, scissors. 如果这些词由a pair, piece, kind , type + of 修饰,则谓语用单数。

4.表示某一国人或某一民族、种族的人的名词做主语时，谓语动词用复数。

b.谓语用单数。

1.某些词结尾字母为s,如: physics, maths , economics, genetics, politics, news，statistics, tennis，sales （总销量）做主语谓语用单数。

2.若复数是书名、片名、剧名、格言、报名、国名、机构等形式，谓语用单数

3.表示距离、时间,、温度、长度、价值,、金额,、重量等的词, 用复数形式时, 谓语用单数；

但是算式中表示数字的主语一般视为单数,谓语动词多用单数形式.

4.一些表示总称的无生命的集体名词常作不可数名词,如：furniture, equipment, poetry, jewellery, clothing, luggage, baggage, traffic, food, fruit, scenery, life, machinery,谓语用单数。

5. 由no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋（no/each/every/many a）＋单数名词”做主语,重点在强调每一个，谓语用单数。

6.由every-，any-，some-，no-和-one，-thing，-body等所构成的不定代词做主语，谓语用单数。

7.as或which用作定语从句的关系代词且做主语指代整个句子（用主句作先行词）谓语用单数。

8.用and连接的两个名词指同一人物、同一事物、同一概念时（后面的名词前没有冠词），谓语动词要用单数形，如：the writer and singer那个作家兼歌手, a knife and folk一副刀叉, bread and butter黄油面包, war and peace战争与和平, iron and steel钢铁, law and order治安, a watch and chain一块带链的表, a coat and tie配有领带的上衣, aim and end目的，truth and honesty真诚, a cart and horse一辆马车, needle and thread针线, trial and error反复试验, fish and chips炸鱼土豆片,husband and wife夫妻

c.谓语单复数看情况

1.the+adj或过去分词做主语，表示一类人，谓语用复数；表示个体，谓语用单（the injured/wounded）；表示一类物或抽象概念（the unknown、the beautiful），谓语用单数。

2.单复数同形的名词，如Japanese, Chinese, Swiss, aircraft, antelope, sheep, deer, fish, crossroads, headquarters, means, works（工厂）, series, species, pains（辛苦）等做主语时，应根据主语的单复数意义确定谓语单复数。

3.集体名词, 如: army, association, audience, band, company, crowd ,class, couple, crew, committee, club, council, jury, enemy, family, faculty, government, group, livestock(牲畜), majority, organization, party, public, population, staff, school, team, troop, union, village, the city, the neighbourhood, the press,等, 若表示整体, 谓语用单数; 若表示成员（如population前有分数、百分数修饰时）, 谓语用复数。

4.the majority of + 复数名词（大多数……）,谓语用复数；the majority of + 集体名词, 谓语动词用单数或复数均可；the majority 单独做主语, 谓语用单复数皆可.

5. a number of／an average of／a total of等构成短语做主语，谓语用复数；the number／average ／total of等构成短语做主语，谓语用单数。

6.all/most /half/enough/ some/the rest/the last (of )以及分数或百分数+of, the remainder , plenty of，a part of ,a lot of，lots of 等+名词”做主语时，谓语单复数取决于它们所修饰的名词。

7.关系代词who, that, which, as等在定语从句中做主语时，其谓语单复数取决于句中先行词。

但是one of +复数名词+从句，从句的谓语动词应用复数，而the ( only/very/just/right) one of +复数名词+从句，从句谓语用单数。

8.以what，who ,which 等做主语时，谓语动词视具体情况而定。

9.which of+名词/代词(必须是复数)做主语时,谓语单复数要根据which 短语表示的意义而定.

但“which of the two+名词复数”结构做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

10. more than one+名词单数做主语，谓语用单数; more than two, three ...+名词复数做主语，谓语用复数；more + 名词复数+ than one结构之后，谓语用复数。

11.one/every/either of+名词复数做主语，谓语用单数。

none /neither/either/ of +名词复数做主语，谓语用单复数均可;none of+不可数名词，谓语用单数。either/neither/each/every/no +名词单数做主语，谓语用单数。

12. such, the following, the same起指示代词作用时，谓语单复数根据其所指的内容来决定。

13. 名词型物主代词做主语，谓语单复数根据其所指的内容来决定。

三、就近原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。

1.由or, not only... but also..., not…but…, either...or, neither...nor，whether……or……连接主语时或

2.由There ,Here引导的句子,谓语与靠近的主语一致，即就近原则。疑问句中要看最前面的那个主语。

3.倒装句，谓语单复数看后面的主语。

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1

Lucy and Lily are twins. 2. 由连接词 and 或 both …… and 连接起来 的合成主语后面， 要用复数形式的谓语动 词。 She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词， 尽管后面跟有 with，together with，except，but，like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides，including 等引起的短语， playground. 谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数， 谓语用复数形式。 She，like you and Tom，is very tall. Mr. Green ， together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
4. either，neither，each，every 或 no + Each of us has a new book. 单数名词和由 some，any，no，every 构 Everything around us is matter. 成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
He is one of my friends who are working 5. 在定语从句中，关系代词 that，who， hard. which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与 He is the only one of my friends who is 句中先行词的数一致。 working hard.
一致原则
考点详解 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体， 它的谓
例句 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a
语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其 monitor. 谓语动词就用复数形式。 语法一致 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。 注：people，police，cattle 等名词一般都 用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， There are a lot of people in the classroom.
2

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