高考英语最新名词知识点专项训练解析含答案(1)

高考英语最新名词知识点专项训练解析含答案(1)

一、选择题

1．Modem TVs use many of the ________ first discovered by Farnsworth, who contributed a lot to the development of TV

A．platforms B．principles C．sources D．symptoms

2．Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its________by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price.

A．reputation B．campaign C．appetite D．occupation

3．In old China, parents demanded complete ____________ from their children.

A．ambition B．obedience C．education

4．Timoteo has an unusual job — he is a human traffic _________.

A．sign B．signal C．mark D．symbol

5．The practice of hanging flags is a common _______ in many parts of the country on National Day.

A．sight B．scenery C．sign D．signal

6．This unjust _______ of people on the basis of skin color was challenged. A．determination B．adaptation C．separation D．submission 7．The building under _____for stay-at-home children will be completed in March A．contribution B．construction

C．coincidence D．composition

8．If you feel any_____ in your neck, put a towel under your head for support when sleeping. A．tension B．abortion C．submission D．dimension 9．They lived in a backward part of the country, with no electricity, paved roads or easy ______ to safe drinking water.

A．lack B．guarantee C．remedy D．access 10．Hawking owned a brilliant intellect with a deep ____ for humanity, which enabled him to overcome his terrible disease and become a famous scientist.

A．aid B．concern C．glory D．basis

11．Mr. Li Jiacheng is considered one of the most successful businessmen in the world. And, he regards himself as the ________ of the times.

A．instructor B．expert C．favorite D．admirer

12．As we all know, there is a close ______ between diet and health.

A．connection B．evidence C．power D．belief

13．He has been spreading false stories in a(n)____________to smear(诽谤)us.

A．attempt B．programme C．intention D．dream 14．People’s____of life has greatly improved since the reform and opening-up policy(政策)was carried out in China.

A．quantity B．quality C．activity D．reality

15．The _____ of the trees in the water was very clear.

A．mirror B．sight C．reflection D．shadow 16．—Could you tell me the____ of making such tasty cakes?

— Well, I just follow the directons in the cookbook.

A．feature B．plan C．cost D．trick 17．Festival celebrations provide a(n) ____ to celebrate together, sharing warmth and good times. A．pipe B．patent C．avenue D．antique

18．It is clear that in modern society high ______ and demands are placed on students. A．motivations B．expectations C．standards D．opportunities

19．I have read the material several times but it doesn’t make any________to me. A．meaning B．importance C．sense D．significance 20．Training of the employees was suggested as one _____ to dealing with the problem of low efficiency.

A．method B．way

C．approach D．means

21．Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big __________, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.

A．project B．commitment C．competition D．ambition 22．Luna is a girl of great ______ for she takes a great interest in whatever she sees. A．curiosity B．belief C．concern D．strength 23．Poverty alleviation is a high priority of our country and has been put on the top of________at two sessions.

A．agenda B．subject C．directory D．seminar 24．—Any ________ to how long I can keep the book?

—Yes. You must return it by next Tuesday.

A．limit B．time C．number D．length

25．The system has been meant to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library.

A．access B．passage C．way D．approach

【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除

一、选择题

1．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：现代电视使用了最初由Farnsworth发现的许多原理，他对电视的发展做出了很大贡献。A. platforms平台；B. principles原则；C. sources来源；D. symptoms症状。根据句意可知，现代电视利用了由Farnsworth发现的原理，故选B。2．A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：老干妈是中国最好的辣椒酱。该公司通过不断以较低的价格提供高质量的产品而建立了自己的声誉。A. reputation名誉；B. campaign运动；C. appetite胃口；D. occupation职业，占有。由“by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price”可知，reputation“名誉”符合句意。故选A。

3．B

解析：B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：在旧中国，父母要求子女绝对服从。A. ambition雄心；B. obedience顺从；C. education教育。根据常识，以前父母要求子女是绝对服从，故选B。4．B

解析：B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：铁穆特欧有一个不同寻常的工作——人体交通信号灯。A. sign 符号；B. signal信号；C. mark记号；D. symbol象征。这里指“交通信号灯”，所以用traffic signal。故选B。

【点睛】

名词mark、sign、signal和symbol的区别：

mark (标志，标记)事物留下的印迹/标记或有别于其他事物的特征，比如trade marks；sign (标记，符号)=symbol；指示牌、告示牌、店牌等；比喻“征兆，迹象”；

signal (信号，暗号)常指约定俗成，用于传达某些信息的信号，可以灯光，声音或图画的形式来表现。

symbol (象征，符号)指人们用某物体或图案代表另一事物，并作为该事物的标记或象征。本题根据“Timoteo has an unusual job”可知，Timoteo扮演的是“人体交通信号灯”，所以用human traffic signal，从而选择出正确的答案。

5．A

解析：A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：在国庆节挂国旗的习俗在全国许多地方是很常见的景象。A. sight景象，指眼见的景色，如城市景象或自然风光，也指人造景物或奇特的景象；B. scenery风景，指某一国家或地区的群山、森林等自然风景；C. sign签名；D. signal信号。此处国庆节挂国旗为人造景象应用sight。故选A。

6．C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种以肤色为基础的不公正的种族隔离受到了挑战。A. determination决心；B. adaptation适应；C. separation隔离，分离；D. submission投降，提交。结合句意表示“分离”应用separation。故选C。

7．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析及固定搭配。contribution贡献，捐赠，捐助；construction建造，建筑物; coincidence巧合; 一致；composition作文，作曲。句意: 正在被建的留守儿童楼将于3月竣工。本句说的是建筑物，因此要用建造中。under construction意为“（正在）修建中”，因此选B。

8．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你感到颈部肌肉紧张，睡觉时放一个毛巾在头下垫着。A. tension 紧张(在句中表示颈部肌肉紧张)；B. abortion 堕胎；C. submission 屈服、提交；D. dimension 方面、维度。结合句意可知，此处用“颈部肌肉紧张”符合语境，故选A项。9．D

解析：D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们住在这个国家的一个落后地区，没有电，没有柏油路，也没有容易的安全饮用水接入。A. lack缺乏；B. guarantee保证；C. remedy补救；D. access 进入。根据上文with no electricity, paved roads可知，这个地区没有电，没有柏油路，也没有安全的饮用水。短语access to表示“进入，有权使用”，故选D。

10．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：霍金有聪明的才智，对人性有着深切的关怀，这使得他能够克服严重的疾病成为一个著名的科学家。A. aid帮助；B. concern关心；C. glory荣耀；D.

basis基础。根据句意可知，此处用“关心”符合语境，故选B项。

11．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：李嘉诚先生被认为是世界上最成功的商人之一。他认为自己是时代的宠儿。A. instructor指导者；B. expert专家；C. favorite受喜爱的人；D. admirer爱慕者。根据上文Mr. Li Jiacheng is considered one of the most successful businessmen in the world.可知李嘉诚先生认为自己是时代的宠儿（favorite）。故选C。

12．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：我们都知道，饮食和健康之间有密切的联系。A. connection联系；B. evidence证据；C. power力量，能力；D. belief信念，信仰。此处指饮食和健康两者的联系，故选A。

13．A

解析：A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他一直在传播虚假故事试图诽谤我们。A. attempt企图，试图；

B. programme节目，项目；

C. intention意图，目的；

D. dream梦想。根据句意可知，此处

考查固定短语in an attempt to do sth.“试图/企图做某事”，故选A项。

14．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：改革开放政策实施以来，中国人民的生活质量有了很大的提高。A. quantity数量；B. quality质量；C. activity活动；D. reality现实。根据后文of life has greatly improved可知是指生活质量有了很大提高，应用quality。故选B。

15．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：树木在水中的倒影非常清晰。A.mirror镜子；B.sight 视野；C.reflection倒影；D.shadow影子。根据in the water was very clear可知，指水中的倒影。故选C项。

16．D

解析：D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。——你能告诉我做这么好吃的蛋糕的窍门吗?——好吧，我只是按照食谱上的指示做。A. feature特征；B. plan计划；C. cost花费；D. trick诀窍。这里指“做这么好吃蛋糕的诀窍”。所以选D。

【点睛】

本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。由后文的回答可以推断本题答案，“我只是按照食谱上说明书（做蛋糕）”，那么前面问的肯定是“你做蛋糕有啥技巧呀？”再根据初步判断去看选项，B、C可以排除，A和D可能拿捏不准，尤其是D,考生可能会想到play tricks认为是“把戏”的意思，就错选成A了。但是A仅仅有“特征”之意，D在此由“把戏”被转化为“技巧”，类似于tips，考生一定要注重转化意，这也是近年高考的趋势。

17．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：节日庆典提供了一个共同庆祝，分享温暖和美好时光的途径。

A.pipe 管道；

B. patent 专利；

C. avenue 大街，渠道，途径；

D. antique 古董。分析句子，根据划线后的分享温暖和美好时光可知，这是节日提供给我们的一个途径。故选C项。18．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：很明显，现代社会对学生寄予了很高的期望和要求。A. motivations动机；B. expectations期待；C. standards标准；D. opportunities机会。通过句意可知，我们社会对孩子们寄予了更高的期待和要求。所以B项expectations(期待)满足句意。故此题选B。

19．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个材料我已经读了好几遍了，但对我来说毫无意义。A. meaning意思；B. importance重要性；C. sense意义；D. significance重要性。根据语境可知，此处是短语make sense“有意义，讲得通”的否定变化。故选C。

20．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：员工培训被认为是解决效率低下问题的一种方法。A. method方法；B. way方法，道路；C. approach方法，方式，接近；D. means手段，方法。固定搭配：approach to…“.…..的方法”。故选C。

21．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意为：放弃我的工作并重新接受全日制教育是一个重大的决定，但现在我知道这是我做过的最好决定。A.project项目；https://www.wendangku.net/doc/aa5696275.html,mitment承诺，投入，花费；https://www.wendangku.net/doc/aa5696275.html,petition比赛；D. ambition志向。根据句意可知，故选B项。

22．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：Luna是一个充满好奇心的女孩，因为她无论看见什么东西，都有极大的兴趣。A. curiosity好奇心；B. belief信念；C. concern关心，忧虑；D. strength力气。根据“she takes a great interest in whatever she sees(因为她无论看见什么东西，都有极大的兴趣)”可推知，Luna是一个充满好奇心的女孩。故选A项。

23．A

解析：A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：脱贫攻坚是国家工作的重中之重，也是两会的重要议题。A. agenda议程；B. subject 科目；C. directory 目录；D. seminar讨论会。根据Poverty alleviation is a high priority of our country此处指两会的“议程”是脱贫攻坚。故选A。

24．A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：——我能借多长时间有限制吗？——是的。你必须在下星期二之前归还。A. limit限制；B. time时间；C. number 数字；D. length长度。结合后文的回答“You must return it by next Tuesday.”可知询问的是借书的时间有没有“限制（limit）”。故选A。

25．A

解析：A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：该系统旨在让学生快速、方便地访问图书馆的数字资源。A. access使用/进入的机会；B. passage通道，走廊；C. way方法，道路；D. approach接近，靠近。短语easy access to意思为“容易访问，轻松接近，容易获得”。故选A项。

(完整版)历年高考英语名词辨析题及答案

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