英国文学诗歌赏析
I wandered lonely as a cloud Writer: William Wordsworth
Genre(体裁)：lyric
Tone: depression and disconsolateness at the very beginning. But as he catches sight of daffodils stretching as far as the eyes can see and finds himself in the midst of nature, his loneliness turns into relaxation and joy. Thus the shift of the poet’s mood from sadness to happiness manifests the theme --- the great influence of nature upon human being.
Rhyme: He employs masculine rhyme in “a, b, a, b, c, c” pattern to receive emphasis as a musical effect. (e.g. “cloud” (a), “hills” (b), “crowd” (a), “daffodils” (b), “trees”
(c), “breeze” (c) i n stanza 1. He arranges his poem in lines of iambic tetrameter in the main with alternation of iambic trimeter.
Rhetorical devices(修辞手法): He also achieves musical quality by the management of alliteration（头韵）(e.g. “That floats on high o’er vales and hills” in line 2 and “Beside the lake, beneath the trees” in line 5) and assonance（类韵）(e.g. “beneath the trees in line 5” and “ They stretched in never-ending line” in line 9) and
consonance（一致）(e.g. “ vales and hills” in line 2 ). Besides the repetition of sounds, the poet also makes his poem a strong appeal for us in language that is rhythmical.
Ode to the west wind
Writer: Percy Shelley
Genre: Lyric
Tone: eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from reality.
Rhyme: In each stanze,the first 12 lines use terza rima （三行诗）.The last two lines use couplet（偶句）.aba bab cdc ded ee.
Rhetorical devices: Personification.
英国诗歌欣赏期末考试题(附答案)
I.Multiple Choice 1.To commerate the death of his young wife, __________wrote the poem Annabel Lee. a. D.H. Lawrence b. John Milton c. Philip Phreneau d. Edgar Allan Poe 2. In Leisure, ____________ thinks that it is a poor life if “we have no time to stand and stare” a. John Keats b. William Henry Davies c. Alexander Pope d. John Donne 3.. In Amy Lowell’s Falling Snow, the poet says that “When the temple bell rings again/ they will be covered and gone”. “They” here refers to ______ a. the wooden clogs b. footprints c. the pilgrims d. none of the above 4. The “busy archer”in Philip Sydney’s To the Moon refers to____ a. the poet himself b. Cupid c. a comrade-in-arms of the poet d. none of the above 5. “Act____act in the glorious present”is perphaps the most soul-stirring line in _________’s poem A Psalm of Life. a. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow b. Percy Bissy Shelly c. Walt Whitman d. Carl Sandburg 6. In Song of the Rain, _________ paints a rosy picture of happy family life where the poet is “Safe in the House with my boyhood love/ And our children are asleep in the attic above”. a. Kenneth Mackenzie b. Carl Sandburg c. Hugh MacCrae d. Jerard Manley Hopkins 7. “Day brought back my night”is a well-praised phrase from __________’s On His Deceased Wife. a. Edgar Allan Poe b. Robert Frost c. John Milton d. Philip Sydney 8. In James Shirley’s poem Death the Leveller, the word “leveller” means a. something that reduces everything to nothing b. something that brings equality to all c. something that levels the ground d. none of the abov e. 9. What does “Fire” in Robert Frost’s poem Fire and Ice symbolize? a. war b. anger c. love d. desire 10. In John Keat’s poem The Terror of Death, the phrase “unreflecting love” means a. love without calculation b. love without preparation c. love never thought of d. love involving many considerations II.Blank Filling 1.One word is too often ________, For me to ________ it One feeling is too ______distained, For ______ to distain it .
英国诗歌赏析1(本科)
Sonnet 18 William Shakespeare S hall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And of ten is his gold complexion dimm’d; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or n ature’s changing course untrimm’d; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; N or shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee Selected Metaphysical poems by John Donne I. THE FLEA Mark but this flea, and mark in this, How little that which thou deniest me is ; It suck'd me first, and now sucks thee, And in this flea our two bloods mingled be. Thou know'st that this cannot be said A sin, nor shame, nor loss of maidenhead; Yet this enjoys before it woo, And pamper'd swells with one blood made of two ; And this, alas ! is more than we would do. O stay, three lives in one flea spare, Where we almost, yea, more than married are. This flea is you and I, and this Our marriage bed, and marriage temple is. Though parents grudge, and you, we're met, And cloister'd in these living walls of jet. Though use make you apt to kill me, Let not to that self-murder added be, And sacrilege, three sins in killing three.
中国当代文学史复习要点
中国当代文学史复习要点：·中国当代文学的起点——全国文代会（中华全国文学艺术工作者代表大会）1949.7.2-7.19 一、三次批判文艺运动： 1、1951.3～1951.8年对电影《武训传》的批判； 2、1954～1955年对《红楼梦》研究中主观唯心论的批判； 3、1955年对胡风文艺思想的批判。 ·1952年俞平伯的《红楼梦研究》出版； 1954年，李希凡、蓝翎（“两个小人物”）《关于<红楼梦简论>及其他》，《评<红楼梦研究>》，对俞平伯的研究观点和方法提出批评。 二、在“双百”方针影响下出现的两股文学思潮： a、干预生活； b、写人性、写爱情 ·《重放的鲜花》（名词解释）是一部多人作品合集。五十年代中期，在双百方针鼓舞下，一批眼光敏锐、关注社会问题的青年作家和诗人，创作了“干预生活”的作品。后来由于“反右”斗争扩大化，他们受到严厉的批判，作品被打为“反党反社会主义的大毒草”。到1979年，上海文艺出版社左泥，吴真从这些作品中选取了王蒙、流沙河、刘宾雁、耿简、邓友梅等17位作家的篇章，编辑为《重放的鲜花》出版。 三、文艺政策调整时期的三次会议： 1、新侨会议：1961年6月，在北京召开了全国文艺工作座谈会，周恩来发表了《在文艺工作座谈会和故事片创作座谈会议上的讲话》。旨在克服文艺界“左”的倾向，正确认识和解决艺术民主和艺术规律两个重大问题，并制定了《关于当前文学艺术工作的意见》，即《文艺八条》。 2、广州会议：1962年3月，在广州召开话剧、歌剧、儿童剧创作座谈会，周恩来作了《关于知识分子问题的报告》。是一篇建国以来对知识分子做出全面估计、正确评价的光辉文献。 3、大连会议：1962年8月，中国作协在大连召开“农村题材短篇小说创作座谈会”。讨论文艺如何反映人民内部矛盾，邵荃麟提出“现实主义深化”和写好“中间人物”的理论思想。 四、“人物状态”——中间人物是指介于先进人物和落后人物中间的人物，即梁三老汉、亭面糊（盛佑亭）、赖大嫂、小腿疼、吃不饱、严志和等艺术形象。反面人物：张灵甫，余永泽。 五、赵树理小说艺术特色(举例论述) 1、人物塑造：(1)给人起外绰号（《锻炼锻炼》：小腿疼、吃不饱；《三里湾》糊涂涂、常有理、能不够），这是抓住了人物的主要特征，加以形象的概括，画龙点睛。 (2)通过有特征的语言和行动来揭示人物的性格特征。(3)善于通过景物、环境的描写来写人。 (4)利用道具塑造人物。 2、语言特色——群众语言的运用：在语言风格和表现形式上，富有民族化、大众化的特色。赵树理的语言，达到了通俗化与艺术化的结合，口头语与书面语的统一，朴素自然，明朗隽永，富有幽默感。 3、结构——具有民族传统形式的小说结构： (1) 故事完整，头尾齐全。多采用评书小说式的传统手法，讲究情节结构的故事性和连贯性。 ⑵情节上，大故事套小故事。不仅增强作品的波澜和布局上的变化，而且采用大故事套小故
英国文学选读一考试大题必备 重点题目分析(人物分析 诗歌分析 三大主义)
Hamlet is the first work of literature to look squarely at the stupidity, falsity and sham of everyday life, without laughing and without easy answers. In a world where things are not as they seem, Hamlet…s genuineness, thoughtfulness, and sincerity make him special. Hamlet is no saint. But unlike most of the other characters (and most people today), Hamlet chooses not to compromise with evil. Dying, Hamlet reaffirms the tragic dignity of a basically decent person in a bad world Hamlet is the first work of literature to show an ordinary person looking at the futility and wrongs in life, asking the toughest questions and coming up with honest semi-answers like most people do today. Unlike so much of popular culture today, "Hamlet" leaves us with the message that life is indeed worth living, even by imperfect people in an imperfect world. 犹豫scholars have debated for centuries about Hamlet's hesitation in killing his uncle. Some see it as a plot device to prolong the action, and others see it as the result of pressure exerted by the complex philosophical and ethical issues that surround cold-blooded murder, calculated revenge and thwarted desire. More recently, psychoanalytic critics have examined Hamlet's unconscious desires (Freud concludes that Hamlet has an "Oedipal desire for his mother and the subsequent guilt [is] preventing him from murdering the man [Claudius] who has done what he unconsciously wanted to do". Robinson Crusoe is a grand hero in westerners? eyes. He survived in the deserted island and lived a meaningful life. He almost has everything needed for becoming a successful man, such as his excellent creativity, great working capacity, courage, and persistence in overcoming obstacles. But he has shortcomings, too. Sometimes he was irresolute; he was not confident; he was fetishistic, although his belief had done him much good. He serves somehow as a lighthouse for the ambitious people. It?s also instructive for average people. Robinson was the representative of the bourgeois of the 18th C. It was the time when bourgeois grew stronger and stronger. The author Defoe paid a tribute to bourgeois by creating such a rational, powerful, clever, and successful man. 【Themes of Robinson Crusoe】 1. The ambivalence of mastery In short, while Crusoe seems praiseworthy in mastering his fate by overcoming his obstacles, and controlling his environment, the praiseworthiness of his mastery over his fellow human Friday is more doubtful. Defoe explores the link between the two in his depiction of the colonial mind. 2. The necessity of Repentance Crusoe?s experiences constitute not simply an adventure story in which thrilling things happen, but also a moral tale illustrating the right and wrong ways to live one?s life. Crusoe?s story instruct s others in God?s wisdom, and one vital part of this wisdom is the importance of repenting one?s sins. 3. The Importance of Self-Awareness Crusoe?s arrival on the island does not make him revert to a brute existence and he remains conscious of himself at all times. His island existence actually deepens his self-awareness as he withdraws from the external society and turns inward. The idea that the individual must keep a careful reckoning of the state of his own soul is a key point in the Presbyterian doctrine that the aothor took seriously all his life. ·Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte The protagonist and title character, orphaned as a baby. She is a plain-featured, small and reserved but talented, sympathetic, hard-working, honest and passionate girl. Skilled at studying, drawing, and teaching, she works as a governess at Thornfield Hall and falls in love with her wealthy employer, Edward Rochester. But her strong sense of conscience does not permit her to become his mistress, and she does not return to him until his insane wife is dead and she herself has come into an inheritance. 【Themes of Jane Eyre】 1. Gender relations A particularly important theme in the novel is patriarchalism and Jane…s efforts to assert her own identity within male-dominated society. Among the three of the main male characters,
《再别康桥》英汉版本及诗歌赏析
《再别康桥》英汉语版本及诗歌赏析Saying Good-bye to Cambridge Again By Xu Zhimo 再别康桥 徐志摩 Very quietly I take my leave As quietly as I came here Quietly I wave good-bye To the rosy clouds in the western sky 轻轻的我走了 正如我轻轻的来 我轻轻的招手 作别西天的云彩 The golden willows by the riverside Are young brides in the setting sun Their reflections on the shimmering waves Always linger in the depth of my heart 那河畔的金柳 是夕阳中的新娘 波光里的艳影 在我的心头荡漾 The floating heart growing in the sludge Sways leisurely under the water In the gentle waves of Cambridge I would be a water plant 软泥上的青荇 油油的在水底招摇 在康桥的柔波里 我甘心做一条水草 That pool under the shade of elm trees Holds not water but the rainbow from the sky Shattered to pieces among the duckweeds Is the sediment of a rainbow-like dream 那榆荫下的一潭 不是清泉,是天上虹 揉碎在浮藻间 沉淀着彩虹似的梦 To seek a dream? Just to pole a boat upstream To where the green grass is more verdant Or to have the boat fully loaded with starlight And sing aloud in the splendour of starlight 寻梦？撑一支长蒿 向青草更青处漫溯 满载一船星辉 在星辉斑斓里放歌
中国现当代文学必记知识点及作品作家人物
中国现当代文学常识填空题 现代文学部分 1.1915年9月，由陈独秀主编的《青年杂志》在上海创刊（1916年9月第二卷更名《新青年》）。 2.《青年杂志》1915年第一卷第3、4号上连载陈独秀的《现代欧洲文艺史谭》，揭示了文艺进化论是文艺发展的基本规律。 3.文学革命正式发难的标志是1917年1月《新青年》上发表的胡适论文《文学改良刍议》，深入地阐述了他的“八事”，提出以白话文取代文言文作为新文学的工具。 4.1917年2月，陈独秀在《新青年》上发表了《文学革命论》，提出了文学革命的“三大主义”。 5.1918年4月胡适发表了《建设的文学革命论》，提出以“国语的文学，文学的国语”作为革命文学的宗旨，强调“国语的文学”也就是文学工具的革命，是新文学建设的第一步。 6.林纾连续发表了两篇文言文小说《妖梦》和《荆生》，以影射的形式痛骂陈独秀、胡适、钱玄同等人的文学革命的主张。 7.五四新文化运动高潮时期的北京大学和《新青年》是新文化激进派的大本营，五四退潮后南京的东南大学和《学衡》杂志是新文化保守派的根据地。 8.胡适在1920年出版了中国现代文学史上第一部白话新诗集《尝试集》。 9.周作人的《小河》被胡适称为“新诗的第一首杰作”，是新诗摆脱旧诗集窠臼的标志性作品。 10.1918年4月《新青年》第四卷第4号上开始设立《随感录》栏目，从此诞生了中国文学体裁的一个新品种—杂文。 11.1919年3月，胡适的独幕话剧《终身大事》在《新青年》上发表，宣告了中国自己创造的第一部话剧剧本的诞生。 12.1921年1月，中国现代文学史上第一个纯文学社团文学研究会在北京诞生。 13.王鲁彦是“乡土写实派”的代表，废名是“乡土抒情派”的代表。 14.在中国的话剧史上，第一个值得纪念的话剧团体是春柳社，由李叔同、曾孝谷、欧阳予 倩等组成。 15.1922年，田汉创办了《南国》半月刊，从此进入了他的长达8年之久的“南国”艺术时
英美文学欣赏考题整理及答案
Part One：English Poetry 1.William Shakespeare Sonnet 18 ?Why does the poet compare `thee` to a summer?s day? And who could `thee` be? Because summer?s day and thee both represent beauty . thee could be beauty, love. ?What picture have you got of English summer, and could you explain why? Warm, beautiful, sunshine. Because summer is the best season of a year ,the most beautiful season. It is like our May. ?How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line? Thee is more beautiful than summer. ?What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more fair than summer and immortal? Because humanism is more eternal than summer and immortal. ?What figures of speech are used in this poem? Simile, metaphor, personification, oxymoron and so on . ?What is the theme of the poem? Love conquers all, Beauty lives on. 2. Thomas Nashe Spring ?Read the poem carefully, pay attention to those image- bearing words, and see how many images the poet created in the poem and what sense impressions you can get from those images. There is “Blooms each thing, maids dance in a ring, the pretty birds do sing, the palm and may make country houses gay, Lambs frisk' and play, the shepherds pipe all day, And we hear aye birds tune this merry lay, The fields breathe sweet, the daisies kiss our feet, Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit, In every street these tunes bur ears do greet!” The “Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit，”impressions me most because of the harmony of the people?s relationship. ?Can you point out and explain the sound and their musical effect in the poem? In the Poem, each section has four lines, each line has ten syllables ( five tone step ) . In order to give the reader a spring breeze , streams , flowers , winding , Song Xin texture of sound and light flavor, Naixi greater uses English word S , z , f , V , R , L , and θconsonants means. In Naixi's poem, the use of phonological is also very harmonious, very smooth , very mellow. Section I of the poetry has Three pairs [ ing ] , section II of the poem has three pairs [ ei ] and the third quarter has three pairs [ i : ]. 3.John Donne A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning ?What is a “valediction” any way? Is the speaker in the poem about to die? Why does the speaker forbid mourning? No, it is about the lover s?separation. As the poem metaphors, the poet believed he and his wife?s love is sacred, he didn?t hope they cry when separation comes, let their love be stained by the ordinary and mundane.
《中国当代文学》试卷及复习要点5
（大二上） ◆复习要点 一、名词解释 （1）“双百”方针（2）“两结合”创作方法（3）政治抒情诗（4）新民歌运动 （5）山药蛋派（6）社会主义教育剧 （7）主题先行论（8）根本任务论 （9）“三突出”创作原则（10）样板戏 （11）天安门诗歌运动（12）重放的鲜花 （13）归来的诗人（14）朦胧诗 （15）新生代诗歌（16）伤痕文学 （17）反思文学（18）改革文学 （19）寻根文学（20）中国式现代派小说（21）先锋小说（22）新写实小说 （23）学者散文（文化散文）（24）探索剧 （25）京味剧 二、论述思考题 1评述第一次文代会的历史意义？ 2谈建国初期文艺界对电影《武训传》、《红楼梦》研究、胡风3文艺思想的批判过程及经验教训问题？ 4结合创作实例，试论十七年现实主义创作与新时期现实主义创作的不同？ 5评述《保卫延安》在军事题材长篇小说创作上的开创性意义？6分析《保卫延安》中周大勇的性格特征 7分析小说《林海雪原》的传奇性特征？ 8分析《红旗谱》反映历史生活与探索民族文化的成就？ 9分析《红旗谱》中朱老忠这一人物形象的典型意义？ 10评述小说《青春之歌》思想艺术方面的得与失？ 11分析《青春之歌》中林道静的性格特点及发展过程？ 12比较分析峻青、王愿坚的军事题材短篇小说创作的思想艺术特点？ 13结合《百合花》论析茹志娟小说创作细腻动人的艺术风格？14论述《创业史》的史诗特点及艺术成就？ 15分析《创业史》中的人物形象梁生宝、梁三老汉的典型意义？16以《三里湾》为例，谈赵树理小说在民族化大众化上的贡献？17试论宗璞小说《红豆》的文学史意义及其中的江玫与齐虹这两个人物形象。 18评述述十七年诗歌发展的基本状况。 19如何评价“新民歌运动”？ 20分析郭小川诗歌的思想和艺术特色。 21试分析郭小川诗歌《望星空》的独特意义？ 22比较分析贺敬之和郭小川诗歌创作的思想艺术特点？23评述闻捷诗歌集《天山牧歌》的思想艺术成就？ 24评述十七年散文发展的基本情况？ 25试分析杨朔散文的结构艺术特点？ 26试分析杨朔散文的诗意表现在哪些方面？ 27分析秦牧散文的思想艺术特色？ 28论刘白羽散文的思想艺术特色？ 29比较分析杨朔、秦牧、刘白羽散文的思想蕴涵、艺术特色及缺失？ 30以《谁是最可爱的人》为例，评述魏巍散文创作的思想艺术特点？ 31简述十七年戏剧文学创作情况？ 32分析1958年到1962年间历史剧热潮出现的的原因，它的代表作有哪些？ 33分析《龙须沟》中程疯子形象及意义？ 34评述话剧《茶馆》的思想艺术成就？ 35分析《茶馆》中王利发、泰仲义、常四爷这三个人物形象的典型意义？ 36试分析老舍的话剧《茶馆》是如何处理时间与结构的？ 37简述《部队文艺座谈会纪要》的内容及反动实质？ 38论述四五诗歌产生的背景、内容及意义？ 39简述新时期小说发展各阶段的基本情况？ 40评析刘心武小说《班主任》的思想价值？ 41论述王蒙的创作历程及小说创作的新探索？ 42简述王蒙小说《春之声》的思想主题和艺术特色 43以《绿化树》为例，评述张贤亮小说的思想艺术特色？ 44分析《乔厂长上任记》中的乔厂长这一人物形象的典型意义？45分析《黑骏马》的主题和艺术特色 46如何理解《芙蓉镇》的乡土气息？ 47分析高晓声笔下的陈奂生这一人物形象的典型意义？ 48分析《人生》中高加林的性格特征？ 49简论陆文夫小说的思想艺术特色？ 50分析陆文婷这一知识分子的典型形象？ 51简述王安忆小说创作所经历的不同阶段及各阶段的创作特征？ 52试析莫言《红高粱》的意义及艺术特色 53评述“寻根文学”出现的意义及创作上的得失。 54《高山下花环》对军旅文学的超越是什么？ 55结合具体作品，分析池莉小说的艺术特点？ 56以作品为例，谈“新写实”小说的艺术特征？ 57试述新时期艾青诗歌创作的基本特点？ 58如何评价“新的美学原则”？ 59论述舒婷诗歌的思想艺术特色？ 60简述韩东诗歌创作的艺术特点？ 61简述“后新潮诗”的探索意义及其局限性？ 62分析贾平凹散文的思想内容和艺术风格？ 63简述余秋雨文化散文的特色？ 64新时期报告文学的发展可分为几个阶段？每个阶段的特点又是什么？
英语诗歌欣赏(英国)
How do I love thee? 我是怎样地爱你 – Elizabeth Barrett Browning How do I love thee? 我是怎样地爱你？ Let me count the ways. 让我逐一细述。 I love thee to the depth and breadth and height 我爱你之深邃，之宽广，之高远 My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight 尽我的灵魂所能及之处—犹如探求 For the ends of being and ideal grace. 玄冥中神的存在和美好之极。 I love thee to the level of every day’s 我爱你如每日之必需， Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light. 阳光下和烛焰前都少不了。 I love thee freely, as men strive for right. 我自由地爱着你，像人们争取他们的权利； I love thee purely, as they turn from praise. 我纯洁地爱着你，如人们在赞美前会垂首。 I love thee with the passion put to use 我爱你，带着我昔日悲伤时的 In my old griefs, and with my childhood’s faith. 那种激情，童年时的那种诚意； I love thee with a love I seemed to lose
我爱你，抵得上往日对圣者怀有的 With my lost saints. I love thee with the breath, 如今似已消逝的那种爱-我用呼吸， Smiles, tears, of all my life; and, if God choose, 用微笑，用眼泪，用我整个生命来爱你！ Sonnets from the Portuguese_ No. X 不过只要是爱，是爱，可就是美， Yet, love, mere love, is beautiful indeed 就值得你接受。你知道，爱就是火， And worthy of acceptation. Fire is bright, 火总是光明的，不问着火的是庙堂 Let temple burn, or flax. And equal light 或者柴堆－－那栋梁还是荆榛在烧， Leaps in the flame from cedar-plank or weed. 火焰里总跳得出同样的光辉。当我 And love is fire. And when I say at need 不由得倾吐出：“我爱你！”在你的眼里， _I love thee ... mark! ... _I love thee_ -- in thy sight 那荣耀的瞬息，我忽然成了一尊金身， I stand transfigured, glorified aright, 感觉到有一道新吐的皓光从我天庭 With conscience of the new rays that proceed 投向你脸上。是爱，就无所谓卑下， Out of my face toward thine. There's nothing low 即使是最微贱的在爱：那微贱的生命 In love, when love the lowest: meanest creatures
英国诗歌赏析Word版
William Wordsworth ?What are the main features of Wordsworth’s poetry? ?back to nature ?deep love of nature ?appeal to individual sensations ?attention to humble folk of rural life ?simplicity and purity in language I travelled among unknown men 这首诗是采用民谣体创作的经典之作，浪漫主义产生了一定的促进作用。它的主题是诗人对露西和对祖国英格兰深深爱恋，意境凄美，感情真挚自然。 从韵律上看，这首诗的前三个诗节压的是行尾交叉韵（单数诗句四音部抑扬格，双数诗句三音部抑扬格交替转换），最后一诗节韵式为成对韵。 露西之死可以从诗的最后一句中——“露西，她最后一眼望见的”——可以看出，《露西》组诗的另外几首也可以作为旁证。露西死了，但是露西永远活在诗人心中，虽死犹生。露西是完美的，她死了，是因为现实中不存在这样完美的人。 lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey赏析 It is in blank verse. One of the major themes of the poem is - people\'s change over time.The title is very clear and literary gives us all the necessary informations like, time, place, date etc. which helps us to understand the poem. Imagination also plays very important role here. His longing to return to this special place a few miles above Tintern Abbey which he absolutely adores. We can see he has been away from this place for five years, and he always thinks about this magical place with its steep lofty cliffs and its beautiful scenery. the poem is about nature and how the speaker revoke his memory when he was in that location. She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways 在韵律上，此诗采用谣曲形式（四音步抑扬格与三音步抑扬格相间押交韵），这些语言形式的特点也与诗中乡村姑娘的形象贴合得当，和谐统一。 描写的是一位普通的苏格兰少女。尽管她“美丽如星”，却生在“人迹罕至的乡野”，既得不到人的赞美，也得不到人的怜爱；更可惜的是，她小小年纪便默默无闻地死去了。诗中的感伤气氛和诗人哀怜的情绪，正是这种至性深情的自然流露，使诗句充满感染力。 从艺术手法上看，此诗似无技巧，其实是浑然天成，不露痕迹。如果我们细细阅读，就可看出此诗处处暗含对比。第二小节则连用两个比喻来进行对比。第三小节则是生与死的对比，生不为人知，死亦不为人闻，这说明她的命运是多么可怜。composed upon westminster bridge赏析 a sonnet describing London and the River Thames, viewed from Westminster Bridge in the early morning.
中国当代文学概述知识要点
中国当代文学概述知识要点 少数民族叙述诗代表作近现代蒙古英雄叙事诗的代表作是《陶克陶胡》和《嘎达梅林》。居于西北边疆的哈萨克族的叙事诗也异常丰富。在其叙事诗中，英雄叙事诗特别引人注目。如著名的“四个四十”系列长诗中的《克里木的四十位英雄》以及《英雄塔尔根》、《骑海骝马的射手》、《好汉康巴尔》、《霍布兰德》等等。 革命历史小说的代表作家和作品代表作 吴强《红日》 梁斌《红旗谱》 罗广斌杨益言《红岩》 杨沫《青春之歌》 曲波《林海雪原》 欧阳山《三家巷》 文革时期的文学现象由于文革时期对文人的迫害，所以好多在文革时期出现的作品都 没有正式发表或者保全。样板戏是特定政治话语的产物。作为一种娱乐形式它固然有艺术方面的特点，但其政治功能较为突出。娱乐媒介最容易传播思想，也最容易使人们主动或被动的接受隐藏在其结构和内容之间的意识相态或政治立场。样板戏至少有4至5年垄断了中国的娱乐媒介，因此它对人民的影响是不可否定的。 １９６８年底，“上山下乡”在这些文字中间，数量最多的是诗歌，这意味着，“文革”中的“地下文学”，其主干是“地下诗歌”。因此，诗歌一经完成，很快便在知青中间传抄。 文艺无条件为现实政治服务，是贯穿“文革”文学思潮始终的一个基本理念。服务于政治被作为文艺的基本属性，“反映革命本质”是完成服务于政治这一目标的基本方式，这些被一同看做文学史审美内容得基本构成。 朦胧诗的兴起、特点、代表作家作品朦胧诗是兴起于20世纪70年代末
到80年代初，是伴随着文学全面复苏而出现的一个新的诗歌艺术潮流。 意象化、象征化、立体化。 食指、《疯狗》 北岛、《回答》 顾城《远与近》 、舒婷、《致橡树》 文化寻根小说的兴起、特点、代表作家作品 20世纪八十年代中期，中国文坛上兴起了一股"文化寻根"的热潮，作家们开始致力于对传统意识、民族文化心理的挖掘，他们的创作被称为"寻根文学"。 特点：1.具有鲜明的地域特点 2.具有现代意识，以现代意识关注历史、反思传统文化、重铸民族灵魂，探寻中国文化重建的可能性。3.创作手法上传统和现代相融合。 阿城：“三王”(《棋王》、《树王》、《孩子王》) 韩少功：《爸爸爸》《女女女》 郑义：《老井》 贾平凹：《商州系列》 王安忆《小鲍庄》 李锐《厚土系列》 莫言《红高粱系列》 先锋小说的兴起、代表作家作品 兴起所谓先锋精神，所谓先锋精神，意味着以前卫的姿态探索存在的可能性以及与之相关的艺术的可能性，它以不避极端的态度对文学的共名状态形成强烈的冲击。形成强烈的冲击。世纪翻新,中国文坛上,丛林般地生长起了一批先锋派青年作家。人们通常叫他们为新生代,他们近乎于改革开放的同代人。他们丝毫无意于挑战“专业作家” ,他们仅仅在挑战生活,挑战自我。他们没有经历过“英雄”的席卷,没有经受过“颂歌”的洗礼,他们用自己的脚走着自己的路 前期的有:格非的《褐色鸟群》;马原的《冈底斯的诱惑》、《西海的无帆船》、《虚构》、《涂满古怪图案的墙壁》等作品;《筑路》、《白狗秋千架》、《球状闪电》、莫言的《透明的红萝卜》、《红高粱》;残雪的《山上的小屋》; 相对来说后期的有:孙甘露的《信使之函》、《访问梦境》、《请女人猜谜》、《我是少年酒坛子》;余华的《四月三日事件》、《河边的错误》、《现实一种》、《难逃劫数》等作品;北村的《逃亡者说》、《劫持者说》、《聒噪者说》、《孔成的生活》.[1] 新写实小说的代表作家作品 池莉主要作品有中篇小说《烦恼人生》、《不谈爱情》、《太阳出世》、《你是一条河》、《预谋杀人》和《凝眸》等。其中1987年发表的《烦恼人生》是常常被批评家用来阐述“新写实小说”特征的主要文本之一。这一小说连同《不谈爱情》、《太阳出世》，也曾被人合称为“新写实三部曲”。