2007年八级试卷及答案

PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30MIN) （Score: ）2007 Text A

The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx. Once widely spoken on the Isle of Man but now extinct. Governments financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country’s three million people.

The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club—Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales—a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.

The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe—only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.

Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline, Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of compatriots,” is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation’s symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere—on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.

“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.

“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility

unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think: We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s changing.”

11. According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant to .

A. maintain the present status among the nations.

B. reduce legislative powers of England.

C. create a better state of equality among the nations.

D. grant more say to all the nations in the union.

12. The word “centrifugal” in the second paragr aph means .

A. separatist.

B. conventional.

C. feudal.

D. political

13. Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPT .

A. people’s desire for devolution.

B. locals’ turnout for the voting.

C. powers of the legislative body.

D. status of the national language.

14. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identity .

A. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.

B. Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union.

C. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.

D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.

15. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed is .

A. people’s mentality.

B. pop culture.

C. town’s appearance.

D. possibilities for the people.

Text B

Getting to the heart of Kuwaiti democracy seems hilariously easy. Armed only with a dog-eared NEWSWEEK ID, I ambled through the gates of the National Assembly last week. Unscanned, unsearched, my satchel could easily have held the odd grenade or an anthrax-stuffed lunchbox. The only person who stopped me was a guard who grinned and invited me to take a swig of orange juice from his plastic bottle.

Were I a Kuwaiti woman wielding a ballot, I would have been a clearer and more present danger. That very day Parliament blocked a bill giving women the vote; 29 M.P.s voted in favor and 29 against, with two abstentions. Unable to decide whether the bill had passed or not, the government scheduled another vote in two weeks—too late for women to reg ister for June’s municipal elections. The next such elections aren’t until 2009.

Inside the elegant, marbled Parliament itself, a sea of mustachioed men in white robes sat in green seats, debating furiously. The ruling emir has pushed for women’s politica l rights for years. Ironically, the democratically elected legislature has thwarted him. Traditionalists and tribal leaders are opposed. Liberals fret, too, that Islamists will let their multiple wives vote, swelling conservative ranks. “When I came to Par liament today, people who voted yes didn’t even shake hands with me,” said one Shia cler ic. “Why can’t we respect each other and work together?”

Why not indeed? By Gulf standards, Kuwait is a democratic superstar. Its citizens enjoy free speech (as long a s they don’t insult their emir, naturally) and boast a Parliament that can actually pass laws. Unlike their Saudi sisters, Kuwaiti women drive, work and travel freely. They run multibillion-dollar

businesses and serve as ambassadors. Their academic success is such that colleges have actually lowered the grades required for male students to get into medical and engineering courses. Even then, 70 percent of university students are females.

In Kuwait, the Western obsession with the higab finds its equivalent. At a fancy party for NEWSWEEK’s Arabic edition, some Kuwaiti women wore them. Others opted for tight, spangled, sheer little numbers in peacock blue or parrot orange. For the party’s entertainment, Nancy Ajram, the Arab world’s answer to Britney Spears, sa ng passionate songs of love in a white mini-dress. She couldn’t dance for us, alas, since shaking one’s body onstage is illegal in Kuwait. That didn’t stop whole tables of men from raising their camera-enabled mobile phones and clicking her picture.

You’d think not being able to vote or dance in public would anger Kuwait’s younger generation of women. To find out, I headed to the malls-Kuwait’s archipelago of civic freedom. Eager to duck strict parents and the social taboos of dating in public. Young Kuwaitis have taken to cafes, beaming flirtatious infrared e-mails to one another on their cell photos. At Starbucks in the glittering Al Sharq Mall, I found only tables of men, puffing cigarettes and grumbling about the service. At Pizza Hut, I thought I’d got an answer after encountering a young woman who looked every inch the modern suffragette—drainpipe jeans, strappy sliver high-heeled sandals and a higab studded with purple rhinestones. But, no, Miriam Al-Enizi, 20, studying business administration at Kuwa it University, doesn’t think women need the vote.“Men are better at politics than women,” she explained, adding that women in Kuwait already have everything they need. Welcome to democracy, Kuwait style.

16. According to the passage, which of the following groups of people might be viewed as being dangerous by the guards?

A. Foreign tourists.

B. Women protestors.

C. Foreign journalists.

D. Members of the National Assembly.

17. The bill giving women the vote did not manage to pass because .

A. Different interest groups held different concerns.

B. Liberals did not reach consensus among themselves.

C. Parliament was controlled by traditionalists.

D. Parliament members were all conservatives.

18. What is the role of the 4th and 5th paragraphs in the development of the topic?

A. To show how Kuwaiti women enjoy themselves.

B. To describe how women work and study in Kuwait.

C. To offer supporting evidence to the preceding paragraphs.

D. To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.

19. Which of the following is NOT true about young Kuwaiti women?

A. They seem to be quite contented.

B. They go in for Western fashions.

C. They desire more than modern necessities.

D. They favour the use of hi-tech products.

Text C

Richard, King of England from 1189 to 1199, with all his characteristic virtues and faults cast in a heroic mould, is one of the most fascinating medieval figures. He has been described as the creature and embodiment of the age of chivalry. In those days the lion was much admired in heraldry, and more than

one king sought to link himself with its repute. When Richard’s contemporaries called him“Coeur de Lion” (The Lionheart), they paid a lasting compliment to the king of beasts. Little did the English people owe him for his services, and heavily did they pay for his adventures. He was in England only twice for a few short months in his ten years’ reign; yet his memory has always stirred English hearts, and seems to present throughout the centuries the pattern of the fighting man. In all deeds of prowess as well as in large schemes of war Richard shone. He was tall and delicately shaped strong in nerve and sinew, and most dexterous in arms. He rejoiced in personal combat, and regarded his opponents without malice as necessary agents in his fame. He loved war, not so much for the sake of glory or political ends, but as other men love science or poetry, for the excitement of the struggle and the glow of victory. By this his whole temperament was toned; and united with the highest qualities of the military commander, love of war called forth all the powers of his mind and body.

Although a man of blood and violence, Richard was too impetuous to be either treacherous or habitually cruel. He was as ready to forgive as he was hasty to offend; he was open-handed and munificent to profusion; in war circumspect in design and skilful in execution; in political a child, lacking in subtlety and experience. His political alliances were formed upon his likes and dislikes; his political schemes had neither unity nor clearness of purpose. The advantages gained for him by military geoids were flung away through diplomatic ineptitude. When, on the journey to the East, Messina in Sicily was won by his arms he was easily persuaded to share with his polished, faithless ally, Philip Augustus, fruits of a victory which more wisely used might have foiled the French King’s artful schemes. The rich and tenable acquisition of Cyprus was cast away even more easily than it was won. His life was one magnificent parade, which, when ended, left only an empty plain.

In 1199, when the difficulties of raising revenue for the endless war were at their height, good news was brought to King Richard. It was said there had been dug up near the castle of Chaluz, on the lands of one of his French vassals, a treasure of wonderful quality; a group of golden images of an emperor, his wife, sons and daughters, seated round a table, also of gold, had been unearthed. The King claimed this treasure as lord paramount. The lord of Chaluz resisted the demand, and the King laid siege to his small, weak castle. On the third day, as he rode daringly, near the wall. Confident in his hard-tried luck, a bolt from a crossbow struck him in the left shoulder by the neck. The wound, already deep, was aggravated by the necessary cutting out of the arrow-head. Gangrene set in, and Coeur de Lion knew that he must pay a soldier’s debt. He prepared for death with fortitude and calm, and in accordance with the principles he had followed. He arranged his affairs, he divided his personal belongings among his friends or bequeathed them to charity. He declared John to be his heir, and made all present swear fealty to him. He ordered the archer who had shot the fatal bolt, and who was now a prisoner, to be brought before him. He pardoned him, and made him a gift of money. For seven years he had not confessed for fear of being compelled to be reconciled to Philip, but now he received the offices of the Church with sincere and exemplary piety, and died in the forty-second year of his age on April 6, 1199, worthy, by the consent of all men, to sit with King Arthur and Roland another heroes of martial romance at some Eternal Round Table, which we trust the Creator of the Universe in His comprehension will not have forgotten to provide.

The archer was flayed alive.

20 “little did the English people own him for his service” (Paragraph One) means that the English .

A. paid few taxes to him.

B. gave him little respect.

C. received little protection from him.

D. had no real cause to feel grateful to him.

21. To say that his l ife was a “magnificent parade”(Paragraph Two) implies that it was to some extent .

A .spent chiefly at war. B. impressive and admirable.

C. lived too pompously

D. an empty show.

22. Richard’s behaviour as deat h approached showed .

A. bravery and self-control.

B. wisdom and correctness

C. devotion and romance

D. chivalry and charity

23. The point of the last short paragraph is that Richard was .

A. cheated by his own successors

B. determined to take revenge on his enemies.

C. more generous to his enemies than his successors.

D unable to influence the behavior of his successors.

24. Which of the following phrase best describes Richard as seen by the author?

A. An aggressive king, too fond of war.

B. A brave king with minor faults.

C. A competent but cunning soldier.

D. A kind with great political skills.

25. The relationship between the first and second paragraphs is that .

A. each presents one side of the picture.

B. the first generalizes the second gives examples.

C. the second is the logical result of the first.

D. both present Richard’s virtues and faults.

TEXT D

The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history, one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems. It’s the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most audacious promise of the 20th century.

The promise was assured economic security—even comfort—for essentially everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth that began in the 19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days—lack of food warmth, shelter—would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programmes for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.). Labour unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibility—in some cases the promise—of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions. The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal of attitude that must rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the average person’s stance toward providing for himself had been. Ultimately I’m on my own. Now it became, ultimately I’ll be taken care of.

The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the 1980s. U.S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively, with huge layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of corporate wel fare faced reality. IBM ended it’s no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands, many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also in decline. Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades. President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans realized that Social Security won’t provide social security for any of us.

A less visible but equally significant trend affected pensions. To make costs easier to control, companies moved away from defined-benefit pension plans, which obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future, to define-contribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k). The significance of the 401(k) is that it puts most of the responsibility for a person’s economic fate back on the employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each year and how it gets invested—the two factors that will determine how much it’s worth when the employee retires.

Which brings us back to Enron? Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement savings went in employees’ 401(k) accounts. Tha t is, the employees chose how much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it. Enron matched a certain proportion of each employee’s 401(k) contribution with company stock, so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match employee contributions at all.

At least two special features complicate the Enron case. First, some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the company’s problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold. Second, Enron’s 401(k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan administrators in October, when the stock was falling, so employees could not have closed their accounts if they wanted to.

But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their 401(k) assets in the stock rather than in the 18 other investment options th ey were offered. Of course that wasn’t prudent, but it’s what some of them did.

The Enron employees’ retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from guaranteed economic security. That’s why preventing such a thing from ever happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to I’ll-be-taken-care-of took at least a generation. The shift back may take just as long. It won’t be complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a 20th-century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that, like most people in most times and places, they’re on their own.

26. Why does the author say at the beginning “The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history…”?

A. Because the company has gone bankrupt.

B. Because such events would never happen again.

C. Because many Enron workers lost their retirement savings.

D. Because it signifies a turning point in economic security.

27. According to the passage, the combined efforts by governments, layout unions and big corporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change in .

A. people’s outlook on life.

B. people’s life styles.

C. people’s living standard

D. people’s social values.

28. Changes in pension schemes were also part of .

A. the corporate lay-offs.

B. the government cuts in welfare spending.

C. the economic restructuring.

D. the warning power of labors unions.

29. Thousands of employees chose Enron as their sole investment option mainly because .

A. The 401(k) made them responsible for their own future.

B. Enron offered to add company stock to their investment.

C. their employers intended to cut back on pension spending.

D. Enron’s offer was similar to a defined-benefit plan.

30. Which is NOT seen as a lesson drawn from the Enron disaster?

A. 401(k) assets should be placed in more than one investment option.

B. Employees have to take up responsibilities for themselves.

C. Such events could happen again as it is not easy to change people’s mind.

D. Economic security won’t be taken for granted by future young workers.

PART Ⅲ GENERAL KNOWLEDGE（10 MIN）（Score: ）

31. The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT .

A. the Anglos

B. the Celts

C. the Jutes

D. the Saxons

32. The Head of State of Canada is represented by .

A. the Monarch

B. the President

C. the Prime Minister

D. the Governor-general

33. The Declaration of Independence was written by .

A. Thomas Jefferson

B. George Washington

C. Alexander Hamilton

D. James Madison

34. The original inhabitants of Australia were .

A. the Red Indians

B. the Eskimos

C. the Aborigines

D. the Maoris

35. Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte?

A. Oliver Twist

B. Middlemarch

C. Jane Eyre

D. Wuthering Heights

36. William Butler Yeats was a(n) ______ poet and playwright.

A. American

B. Canadian

C. Irish

D. Australian

37. Death of a Salesman was written by .

A. Arthur Miller

B. Ernest Hemingway

C. Ralph Ellison

D. James Baldwin

38. _______ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.

A. Phonology

B. Morphology

C. Semantics

D. Sociolinguistics

39. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT .

A. lexical

B. syntactic

C. phonological

D. psycholinguistic

40. The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal.” This is an example of .

A. widening of meaning

B. narrowing of meaning

C. meaning shift

D. loss of meaning

PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN.) （Score: ）From what has been said, it must be clear that no one can

make very positive statements about how language originated.

There is no material in any language today and in the earliest 1.

records of ancient languages shows us language in a new and 2.

emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language 3.

originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the 4.

necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remote

tribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of

a language with a large proportion of such cries 5.

than we find in English. It is true that the absence

of such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in 6.

other grounds too the theory is not very attractive.

People of all races and languages make rather similar

noises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that 7.

such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmen

and Malaysians whose languages are utterly different,

serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference 8.

between these noises and language proper. We may

say that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement

are largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, 9.

whereas language proper does not consist of signs

but of these that have to be learnt and that are 10.

wholly conventional.

改错题：

1. and→or

2. show→showing

3. the

4. and→but

5. large→ larger?

6. in→on

7. return→response

8. on

9. large→∧a large

10. these→those

专八常用和推荐辅导书参考书

专四专八常用和推荐辅导书参考书 1.词汇用书： 专八词汇词根+联想记忆法：乱序版(附MP3)（完整收录大纲词汇，乱序编排，帮助考生攻克专八词汇难关！）--新东方大愚英语学习丛书，余敏洪，西安交通大学出版社，2012.07 突破英文词汇10000(双色mp3版)——刘毅最经典词汇，系统的方法，事半功倍–刘毅，外语教学与研究出版社，2009-07 2.听力部分： 全新英语专业八级考试指南（第三版）（附mp3下载），邹申，上海外语教育出版社、 英语专业8级《听力填空满分攻略》，邹申，张艳莉等，大连理工出版社 3.阅读部分： （冲击波系列·2014英语专业8级）英语专业八级阅读——上海外国语大学教授、博士生导师邹申丛书主审,上海外国语大学教授、博士、硕士生导师张艳莉丛书主编,最新真题、模拟题互动软件以及专八必备词汇手机flash记单词免费下载，张雪梅，张艳莉等，大连理工大学 2014淘金高阶英语专业八级阅读120篇：全文翻译+难句分析+词汇（15天计划，主练阅读，兼攻翻译）——华研外语，刘绍龙等，世界图书出版社 4.翻译部分： 英语翻译三级笔译(全国外语翻译证书考试指定教材)——权威机构合作，资深教师编写，三级笔译考试必备用书，曾诚，王琼琼编著，外语教学与研究出版社 英语专业八级改错与翻译100+100,常骏跃主编,大连理工大学出版社 （冲击波系列·2014英语专业8级）英语专业八级知名报刊阅读题源100篇——上海外国语大学教授、博士生导师邹申丛书主审,上海外国语大学教授、博士、硕士生导师张艳莉丛书主编,最新真题、模拟题互动软件以及专八必备词汇手机flash记单词免费下载，大连理工大学 5.写作部分： 冲击波系列---英语专业八级写作.徐永,姚小蒙主编,大连理工大学出版社 2014 星火英语英语专业8级考试写作标准范文背诵（专八写作总述+真题体验+热点话题），黄任，吉林出版社 6.人文部分:

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