当前位置：文档库 › of whom和of which用法归纳

of whom和of which用法归纳

1. of表示同位关系：即用于在A+of+B结构，其中的A和B为同位关系。如：

Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week. 她的两个儿子，都在国外工作，他们每周都给她打电话来。

We’ve tested three hundred types of boot, none of which is completely waterproof.

我们已经测试过300种靴子，没有一种是完全防水的。

2. of表示整体与部分的关系：即用于“部分+of+整体(which, whom)”结构。如：

He went with a group of people, few of whom were correctly equipped for such a c limb. 他和一队人一起去了，其中没有几个人配有进行这样一次登山的适当装备。

The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。

I met the fruit-pickers, several of whom were university students. 我遇到了摘水果的

人们，其中有几个人是大学生。

3. of表示所属关系：即of用于构成所有格。如：

He’s written a book the name of which I’ve forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我给忘了。

The house the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired. 那幢屋顶被损坏

的房子现在已经修好了。

4. of与其他的词构成固定搭配：即of与从句中的某个词语构成固定搭配。如：

He’s married to a singer of whom you may have heard. 他与一位歌唱家结了婚，你可能听说过这个人。(介词of与动词hear构成固定搭配，意为“听说”)

注意：介词of后面除接关系代词which, whom外，有时也可能是whose。如：

She had a teddy-bear, both of whose eyes were missing. 她有一个玩具熊，它的两只眼睛都丢了。

表示部分与整体of which/whom

在非限制性定语从句中，表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用…of which/whom或者of

which/whom…都可以。表示部分的可以是具体数目或百分数，也可以是few, several, some, half, many, much, most, all, none, either, neither, a quarter, a number, the larger, the smallest, the majority等。

Our school has 80 teachers, 50 of whom (=of whom 50) are women. 我校有80个教师，其中50个是女的。

He has lots of books, most of which are English ones. 他有许多书，其中大部分是英语书。

注意：这里的of which不能用whose代替，这与表示所属关系的of which不同：

The room the door of which (=whose door) is blue belongs to me. 门是蓝色的那间房是我的。

英语定语从句的3个重要概念：

1. 定义：用来修饰某个名词、代词或整个句子的从句就叫做定语从句。如：

The man you talked about is our headmaster. 你们刚才所谈论的那个人是我们的校长

This is the bike my father gave me as my birthday present. 这是我父亲送给我作为生日礼物的单车。

The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year. 那棵叶子红色的树是去年栽的

2. 先行词：定语从句所修饰的词就叫做先行词，它一般是由名词、代词或句子充当。如：

The boy who is singing at the stage is only nine years old. 在舞台上唱歌的那个男孩今年才九岁。(现行词是名词)

Anyone that is willing to help others is welcome to our group. 任何愿意帮助他人的人都欢迎来参加我们的组织。(现行词是代词)

His mother is out of danger, which excites their family very much. 他母亲脱离了危险，这件事情使他们家兴奋不已。(现行词是句子)

3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词就叫做关系词。根据关系词的用法不同，关系词又分关系代词和关系副词，其中关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as, but等，关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词既起连接先行词与定语从句的作用，又做从句中的某个句子成分。如：

Li Lei is one of the students who are working very hard. 李蕾是一个学习非常努力的学生。(引导词who)

There is nobody but knows you here. 这儿没有不认识你的人。(引导词but)

He led us to a place where we have never been before. 他把我们带到了我们以前从未去过的地方。(引导词where)

of whom/which引导的定语从句：

在非限制性定语从句中，先行词作为一个整体，表示整体中的一部分，即表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用…of which / whom或者of which / whom…都可以。但与表示所属关系不同，这里不能用whose来代替of which。

一、表示整体中的部分

The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。

I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我拣起那些苹果，其中有一些伤得很厉害。

I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我买了一打鸡蛋，六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了。

There are two bottles left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite. 只剩两瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶没完全喝完。

The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 这些宝藏已送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是失而复得的。

二、表示所属关系

He’s written a book, the name of which I’ve forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我忘了。

句中的the name of which=whose name。

It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered. 这是一项其细节不可更改的协定。

句中的the details of which=whose details。

表示部分与整体of which/whom

在非限制性定语从句中，表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用…of which/whom或者of which/whom…都可以。表示部分的可以是具体数目或百分数，也可以是few, several, some, half, many, much, most, all, none, either, neither, a quarter, a number, the larger, the sm allest, the majority等。

Our school has 80 teachers, 50 of whom (=of whom 50) are women. 我校有80个教师，其中50个是女的。

He has lots of books, most of which are English ones. 他有许多书，其中大部分是英语书。

注意：这里的of which不能用whose代替，这与表示所属关系的of which不同：

The room the door of which (=whose door) is blue belongs to me. 门是蓝色的那间

房是我的

一、表示整体中的部分

The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。

I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我拣起那些苹果，其中有一些伤得很厉害。

I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我买了一打鸡蛋，六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了。

There are two bottles left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite. 只剩两瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶没完全喝完。

The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 这些宝藏已送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是失而复得的。

二、表示所属关系

He’s written a book, the name of which I’ve forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我忘了。

句中的the name of which=whose name。

It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered. 这是一项其细节不可更改的协定。

句中的the details of which=whose details。

一、用法说明介词+whom只能指人；介词+ which只能指物。如：Look, there comes Tom, for whom I have waiting for an hour. 瞧，汤姆来啦，我等他等了一个小时。Last Saturday evening, I went to Wu Dong s birt

一、用法说明

介词+whom只能指人；介词+ which只能指物。如：

Look, there comes Tom, for whom I have waiting for an hour. 瞧，汤姆来啦，我等他等了一个小时。

Last Saturday evening, I went to Wu Dong’s birthday party, in which I met a foreig ner named Jim. 上周星期六的晚上我去参加了吴东的生日聚会，在会上我会到了一个叫吉姆的外国人。

She came into the house, on whose wall there was a portrait of Einstein. 她进入了房间，房子的墙壁上有一张爱因斯坦的画像。

二、注意事项

(1)有时，前面的介词可移到定语从句的中间或后面，此时whom可用who, that代替；which可以用that代替。而且who, whom, which, that都可省略。如：

The man with whom you talked just now is our manager. —The man who you talke d with just now is our manager. 你刚才与他谈话的那个人就是我们的经理。

He handed me a pen, with which I wrote down my address for him. —He handed m e a pen, which I wrote down my address with for him. 他递给我一支钢笔，我就用那支钢笔给他写下了我的地址。

(2)当先行词是时间、地点、原因从句时，介词+ which一般在定语从句中分别做时间、地点、原因状语，于是介词+ which可以分别用when, where, why代替。但若介词+ which 不是作时间、地点、原因状语，则不能用when, where, why代替。如：

Last week, I visited Shanghai, in which I have made several friends. —Last week, I visited Shanghai, where I have made several friends. 上周我参观了上海，在那儿我叫上几个朋友。

I will remember the day forever on which I won the first place in the contest. —I will remember the day forever when I won the first place in the contest. 我将永远记住我在竞赛中获得第一名的那一天。

三、介词的选用

介词+关系代词引导定语从句时，介词往往受上下文的约束，究竟使用哪个介词时得从下面几方面来进行考虑。

(1)从先行词跟介词的搭配习惯出发。如：

In front of my house, there is a tree, in which some birds are singing. 我的房子前

有一棵树，鸟儿正在树上唱歌。(在树上一般用介词in)

(2)从定语从句中的动词、形容词对介词的习惯要求出发。如：(from www.yygrammar. com)

The computer for which I paid 5,000yuan is made in Shenzhen. 我花了五千元所买的这台电脑使深圳造的。( pay 与for搭配)

(3) 从先行词、定语从句中的动词或形容词两方面同时考虑出发。如：

Do you know the girl with whom the man talked just now? 你认识跟那个男谈话的

女孩吗？(talk 究竟接to, with还是接about, 这该由动词及现行词一起决定)

(4)复合介词+关系代词。如：

Go down this road, at the end of which you can see a high building and it is our o ffice building. 沿着条路走，在路的尽头你会看到一座高大的建筑，那就是我们的办公大楼。

(5)名词+介词+ 关系代词。如：

He has three children, one of whose children is studying abroad now. 他又三个小孩，其中一个在国外读书。

注意：当定语从句的动词与介词是不可分割的固定搭配时，介词不能放到关系代词之前。如：

She has a little daughter, who is looked after by her grandma. 就不能写成：She has a little daughter, after whom is looked by her grandma. 因为，look after 是不可分开的固定短语。

介词+关系代词（转载）

定语从句是中学阶段英语学习的主要语法之一，也是高考题的命题热点所在，其中定语从句中关系代词前介词的判断更是高考英语命题的一个高频考点。下面，我们先来看看近两年高考中部分定语从句中“介词+关系代词”结构。

01.Eric received training in computer for one year, ___B___ he found a job in a big company.(辽宁)

A. after that

B. after which

C. after it

D. after this

02. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ___B___ they can be controlled on purpose.(重庆)

A. with which

B. to which

C. of which

D. for which

03. It is reported that two schools, ___D___ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (四川)

A .they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which

04. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, ___D___ wanted to buy it (安徽)

A. none of them

B. both of whom

C. none of whom

D. neither of whom

05. He was educated at the local high school, ___A___ he went on to Beijing University.(江苏)

A. after which

B. after that

C. in which

D. in that

06.She was educated at Beijing University, ___A___ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. (全国II)

A.after which

B. from which

C. from that

D. after that

07. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us ___B___ we gave some bells and glasses. (湖南)

A. to which

B. to whom

C. with whom

D. with which

08. I was given three books on cooking, the first ___B___ I really enjoyed. (浙江)

A. of that

B. of which

C. that

D. which

09. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction ___D___ she had come. (重庆)

A. of which

B. by which

C. in which

D. from which

对于“介词+which / whom”结构的考查，高考英语主要涉及以下几个方面：

1.考查定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯

(1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配

Water is the natural medium in which fish live. 水是鱼类赖以生存的自然环境。(注意搭配live in)

The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的文件已经找到了。(注意搭配search for)

This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. 这是一个我们可能长时间争论的问题。(注意搭配argue about)

I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music. 我想找到一个可以和我谈书和音乐的人。(注意搭配discuss sth with sb)

注：有一些介词为固定搭配的一部分，此时它们的位置应注意。如：

The boy (whom) my sister is looking after is getting better.

不能说成：The boy after whom my sister is looking is getting better.

(2)看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配(from https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a715245675.html,)

He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar. 他我要去参考一些我不熟悉的参考书。(注意搭配be familiar with)

2.考查先行词与介词的搭配习惯

这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。如：

This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teacher’s desk. 这是我们的教室，前面有老师的讲台。(注意搭配in the front of our classroom)

I’ll never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me. 我永远不会忘记她与我们告别的那一天。(注意搭配on the day)

3.考查表示所属关系的of which [whom]

On the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence, the meaning of which I don’t understand. 老师在黑板上写了一个句子，句子的意思我不明白。(注意搭配the meaning of the sentence)

4.考查表示整体与部分关系的of which [whom]

I have five English dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best. 我有5本英语词典，其中最好的是朗文词典。(注意搭配of the five dictionaries)

The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 多数公共汽车已经上满了人，周围是一伙愤怒的群众。(注意搭配most of the buses)

I met the fruit-pickers, several of whom were university students. 我碰到那些摘水果的人，其中有好几个是大学生。(注意搭配several of them)

5.考查表示同位关系的of which [whom]

Her sons, both of whom work abroad, rang her up this morning. 她的两个儿子都在国外工作，今天早上给她来了电话。(注意搭配both of her sons)

【模拟测试】用适当的介词和关系代词填空：

1. Do you like the book _______ she spent $10?

2. Do you like the book ________ she paid $10?

3. Do you like the book ________ she learned a lot?

4. Do you like the book _______ she often talks?

5. He built a telescope________ he could study the skies.

6. There is a tall tree outside, ________ stands our teacher.

7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _______ is the Yellow River.

8. The tower _____ people can have a good view is on the hill.

9. The man ________ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.

10.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most ______ hadn’t been cleaned fo r at least a year.

11. The workers, some _______ stayed for four years, came from different countries.

12. The committee consists of 20 members, 5 ______ are women.

13. The book contains 50 poems, most ______were written in the 1930s.

14. There are two left, one ______ is almost finished, and the other ______ is not.

【参考答案】

1. on which

2. for which

3. from [in] which

4. about which

5. through which

6. under which

7. of which

8. from which

9. to whom 10. of which 11. of whom 12. of whom

13. of which 14. of which, of which

限制性定语从句：

限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、修饰的作用，关系代词有that,which,whom,who,whose以及关系副词when,where等，没有明显的逗号把从句与主语分开，表达的意思为被修饰词的一个定语。

例句：

Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting?

Where is the book which I bought this morning?

非限制性定语从句：

作用相当于一种插入语或者对先行词的一种解释，和先行词之间只有比较松散的关系，文字中常常用逗号将其与主句分开，用法其实与限制性定语从句极为相似，只是不能用that做修饰词。

例句：

This letter is from his parents, who are working in Tibet.

Englishi is an important subject, which every students should study well.

The building, in front of which sat a boy, was a school.

一、

定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：

This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

二、

从形式上看，限制性定语从句与其先行词紧紧相连，两者没有停顿；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开。从意义上讲，限制性定语从句用来修饰先行词，两者密不可分；而非限制性定语从句仅仅对先行词作补充性叙述或说明，两者关系不那么紧密。由于两种定语从句存在着这些区别，一般来说，限制性定语从句多半译成汉语的前置定语，修饰其后的先行词，非限制性定语从句则往往译成后置的并列从句。that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。通常对定语从句处理如下：

（1）限制性定语从句译成前置定语

These neighborhoods frequently recreate much of the culture and the values of the nationality that makes up the majority of the population.

这些居民区经常再现构成大多数居民的大量民族文化和价值观念。

（2）非限制性定语从句译成后置的并列分句

In almost all developing countries, economic development depends upon growth in export trade, which in turn creates jobs and raises living standards.

几乎所有的发展中国家经济的发展都依赖于出口贸易的增长，而出口的增长又有助于创造更多的就业机会和提高人民的生活水平。

但是，有时候因为意思上的关系，或者出于汉语句子结构上的考虑，要把限制性定语从句译成后置的并列分句，而把非限制性定语从句译成前置定语。

（3）限制性定语从句译成后置的并列从句

Each team plays ten or eleven games each season which begins in September and ends in November. 每个队每赛季参加十到十一场比赛，每个赛季九月份开始，十一月份结束。

（4）非限制性定语从句译成前置定语

He appeared to be returning home from a walk, for his buckle shoes, which followed a fashion long since out of date, were covered with dust.

他好象是散步之后回家去，因为他那早已过时的扣鞋上布满了灰尘。

（5）有的定语从句，从意义上看实际相当于一个状语从句，表示原因，目的，结果，让步等关系。这样的定语从句应译出汉语的偏正复句，但是要加上相应的连接词以表明其与主句的关系。

Norway is, quite naturally, paying great attention to developments in Europe and in the Atlantic

community, which are so instrumental to the maintenance of peace and security in our part of the world. 挪威自然十分关切欧洲和大西洋国家的发展，因为这些发展大大有助于维护世界上我们这一地区的和平和安全

说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

三、下面是些例题，你做做看。

一、that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。如：

【考例一】She heard the terrible noise, ________brought her heart into her mouth.

A. it

B. which

C. this

D. that

【解析】选B。后半句为非限制性定语从句，尽管先行词noise属于事物，也不能用that而要用which来引导。which指代noise，在从句中作主语。

二、除which外，还可用when，where，whose，whom等引导非限制性定语从句，且各自的用法及差异与它们用在限制性定语从句时相同。如：

Next month, when youll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度暑假。(关系副词when指代表示时间的名词next month，并作从句的状语。)

She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳门去居住，在那里她有几个密友。(关系副词where指代表示地点的名词Macao，并在从句中作状语。)

【考例二】Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ________was very reasonable.

A. which price

B. the price of which

C. its price

D. the price of whose

【解析】选B。whose在从句中作表示所属关系的定语，既可指代人，也可指代物。指物时，常可转换为of which；指人时常可转换为of whom。

【考例三】In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm,______many people have gone home.

A. whose time

B. that

C. on which

D. by which time

【解析】先行词5:30 pm与time之间是一种同位关系，可用which来作定语替代。从句中的完成状态，常与by短语连用。故选D。

三、在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省略。如：

He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved as his own mother. 他迫切地想到医院去看望他的继母，他把继母当自己的亲妈妈一样爱戴。

四、非限制性定语从句的关系代词which，既可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整句的含义。如：

【考例四】Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course,________made the others unhappy.

A. who

B. which

C. this

D. what

【解析】选B。指代“Dorothy总是高度评价自己在那场戏中所担任的角色”的整个事件。

【考例五】Carol said the work would be done by October,________personally I doubt very much.

A. it

B. that

C. when

D. which

【解析】表示时间的名词October，用“我个人非常怀疑”来修饰，意思不通。应该修饰整个主句，表示对“Carol 说在十月前能做好这项工作”怀疑。故选D。

五、引导非限制性定语从句时as和which的差异：从句置于句首时，非限制性定语从句只能用as引导，而置于句末时，两者都可以使用。如：

【考例六】________is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It

B. As

C. That

D. What

【解析】逗号表明为非限制性定语从句。选B。

【考例七】________is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.

A. Which

B. As

C. That

D. It

【解析】答案为B。与考例六同理。

典型定语从句易错题详解

■The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.

A. which was

B. it was

C. which were

D. them were

【易错】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的which 和it 误认为是其后句子的主语。

【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：

(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops.

A. which is

B. it is

C. which are

D. them are

(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station.

A. which are

B. it is

C. which is

D. them are

(3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food.

A. which are

B. it is

C. which is

D. them are

■A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. what

【易错】容易误选B，认为around 是介词，选which 用以代替前面的名词hospital，在此用作介词around 的宾语。

【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选C 的理由是：句中的around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？

■ _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It

B. As

C. That

D. What

【易错】容易误选A，认为此处应填一个形式主语。

【分析】最佳答案是B。as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。比较下面一题：

_______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It

B. As

C. That

D. What

此题答案选A，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that 从句。

再比较下面一组题，其中第(1)题选B，第(2)题选D：

(1) ______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.

A. Which

B. As

C. That

D. It

(2) ______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.

A. Which

B. As

C. That

D. It

■ David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.

A. that

B. who

C. as

D. whom

【易错】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。

【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that … (如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入such …

that …，句末的动词like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词boy，同时as 在定语从句中用作动词like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为like 后有自己的宾语him：David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.

A. that

B. who

C. as

D. whom

请再做以下试题（答案选D）：

It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.

A. like

B. that

C. which

D. as

■ The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.

A. that

B. it

【易错】容易误选C，用them 代指the buses。

【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰the buses。类似地，以下各题也选D：

(1) His house, for _______ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.

A. that

B. it

C. them

D. which

(2) Ashdown forest, through _______ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer.

A. that

B. it

C. them

D. which

(3) This I did at nine o’clock, after _______ I sat reading the paper.

A. that

B. it

C. them

D. which

类似地，以下各题选whom，不选them：

(4) George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.

A. that

B. him

C. them

D. whom

(5) Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will come back home this summer.

A. that

B. who

C. them

D. whom

(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students.

A. that

B. who

C. them

D. whom

■ He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field.

A. whom

B. them

C. which

D. who

【易错】容易误选B，用them 代指students。

【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 为非限制性定语从句。假若在many of… 的前面加上连词and，则选答案B。比较以下各题(答案均选

A)：

(1) He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer.

A. which

B. them

C. what

D. that

(2) He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer.

C. what

D. that

(3) He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other.

A. whom

B. them

C. which

D. who

(4) He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _______ knew anything about the other.

A. them

B. whom

C. which

D. who

■ He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.

A. whom

B. them

C. which

D. who

【易错】容易误选A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。

【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在invited 前加上助动词were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。比较：

(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work.

A. which

B. them

C. what

D. that

答案选B，none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构，其中的carried out 为过去分词。

(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ were carried out in their work.

A. which

B. them

C. what

D. that

答案选A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。

(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _______ were carried out in their work.

A. which

B. them

C. what

D. that

答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句

■ On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents seated together joking.

A. their

B. whose

C. which

D. that

【易错】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。

【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：

(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking.

A. their

B. whose

C. which

D. that

选B。whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语were seated。

(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _______ parents were seated together joking.

A. their

B. whose

C. which

D. that

选A。因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。

(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sitting together joking.

A. their

B. whose

C. which

D. that

选A。their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。

(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sat together joking.

A. their

B. whose

C. which

D. that

选B。whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语sat。

(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking.

A. their

B. whose

C. which

D. that

选B。whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语were sitting。

■ If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.

A. as

B. which

C. what

D. that

【易错】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。

【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选that，而不选which：

(1) If you promise to go with us, _____ will be OK.

A. as

B. which

C. and it

D. that

(2) If you want a double room, _____ will cost another ￡15.

A. as

B. which

C. what

D. that

(3) Whether you go or not, _______ is quite all right with me.

A. that

B. which

C. and it

D. so

(4) When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.

A. as

B. which

C. what

D. that

■She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.

A. which

B. when

C. how

D. where

【易错】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词where。

【分析】正确答案为A。在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词which或that。比较下面一题，由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when：

She says that she’ll never f orget the time ________ she works as a secretary in our company.

A. which

B. when

C. how

D. where

请再做一组试题(答案均选A)：

(1) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.

A. which

B. when

C. how

D. where

选A，which 在定语从句中用作动词bought 的宾语。

(2) Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete.

A. which

B. when

C. how

D. where

选A，which 在定语从句中用作主语。

(3) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.

A. where

B. when

C. that

D. which

选A，where 在定语从句中用作状语。

情态动词表推测用法总结及专项练习

情态动词表推测用法总结及专项练习 1.can / could用于表推测的用法 (1) 从使用句型上看，can 通常只用于否定句或疑问句，一般不用于肯定句，而could 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。两者没有时间上的差别，只是could 比can 更委婉，更不确定。如：It can’t [couldn’t] be true. 那不可能是真的。 What can [could] they be doing? 他们会在干什么呢? We could go there this summer. 今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。注：can 有时也用于肯定句中表示推测，主要用于表示理论上的可能性(即从理论上看是可能的，但实际未必会发生)，或表示“有时”之意。如： Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。 She can be very unpleasant. 她有时很令人讨厌。 (2) 从时间关系看，对现在或将来情况作推测，后接动词原形；对正在进行的情况作推测，后接be doing 结构；对过去情况作推测，后接动词完成式。如： He could have gone home. 他可能已经回家了。 He can’t [couldn’t] have understood. 他不可能理解了。

Why does he know this? Can [Could] someone have told him about it? 他怎么知道? 会是哪个人告诉他了吗? (3) “could+完成式”除表示对过去的推测外，还有以下重要用法： ①表示过去没有实现的可能性，常译为“本来可以”。如： I could have lent you the money．Why didn’t you ask me? 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出? ②用来委婉地责备某人过去应该做某事而没有去做，常译为“本来应该”。如： You could have helped him. 你本来应该帮助他的。 ③表示“差点儿就要”。如： I could have died laughing. 我差点儿笑死了。 2. may / might用于表推测的用法表示推测，两者都可用，只是might 比may 语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。 (1) 在句型使用方面：两者均可用于肯定句和否定句，但用于疑问句时，may通常不用于句首，但可用于疑问句的句中（如特殊疑问句等），而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首，但不算普通，通常会改用其他句式（如用could等）。如： He may [might] know the answer. 他可能知道答案。

which在定语从句中的用法

江苏朱姝关系代词 which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语，既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。下面就进行归纳总结： 1. 引导限制性定语从句 A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. 商店应存有最畅销的货物。 This is the family which is planning to move to the party. 这是要搬进城里的一家。 2. 引导非限制性定语从句。（ 1 ）用来指代一个句子。 Internet is so interesting, which makes all possible happen. 因特网是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能发生。（ 2 ）用来指代句子的一部分。 When deep in thought, which he often was, he would forget all around him. 他常常陷入沉思，这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。（ 3 ）如果要引导两个非限制性定语从句，第二个 which 前要加 and. He bought a book, which was written by LuXun, and which he decided to give to his friend. 他买了本鲁迅写的书，他决定送给朋友。 3. 名词＋ of ＋ which （＝ of which ＋名词＝ whose + 名词）通常放在先行词的后面。

I'd like a room the window of which looks out over the sea. / I'd like a room of which the window looks out over the sea. / I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我要一间窗户面临大海的房间。 4. 介词＋ which 的替代作用。（ 1 ）作时间状语替代 when 。 There used to be a time at which / during which （ = when ） the Chinese people struggled for freedom. 中国人曾有一段为自由而斗争的日子。（ 2 ）作地点状语替代 where 。 This is the office in which （ = where ） I used to work. 这是我过去工作过的办公室。（ 3 ）作原因状语替代 why 。 I'd like you to explain the reason for which （＝ why ） you were absent. 我想让你解释一下缺席的原因。（ 4 ）作方式状语替代 that 或省略。 There are many ways in which （＝ that / 省略） we can solve the problem. 解决这个问题有很多方法。 5. which, when, where 关系词的选择。关系副词 when 与 where 用于引导定语从句时，往往修饰句中表示地点或时间的名词。但是，有时候在表示时间或地点的名词后面却不能用 when 或 where ，而该用 which 或 that 。 Is this the factory which / that produces all kinds of washing machines （ which / that 在定语从句中作主语，指代前面的 the factory ）这就是生产各种洗衣机的那家工厂吗

英语比较句型用法归纳.doc

英语比较句型用法归纳巩勃 (1)原级比较：例： English is not so difficult a subject as Russia. 英语不是和像俄语一样难的科目。 Their bones are not as thick as adults’. 他们的骨头和成年人的不一样厚。 (2)一方超过另一方：例： The weather of this year is a lot hotter than that of last year. 今年的气候比上一年的气候要热得多。 (3)一方不如另一方：例：The restoration was so bad that it made some of the buildings less secure than they had been before. 修复工作是如此的糟，以致于它使得一些建筑没有以前安全了。 (4) The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~ The + more + adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + adj + S + V ~~~ （愈 ...愈 ...）例： The harder you work, the more progress you make. 你愈努力，你愈进步。 The more books we read, the more learned we become. 我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。 (5) more . than与其说倒不如说例： Smith is more diligent than intelligent. 与其说 Smith 聪明倒不如说他勤奋。 (6) no + 形容词比较级+ than = as +形容词的反义词+ as 例： I am no better at English than you.我的英语不比你好。 (7) that 在前后比较中代替不可数名词和特指的单数可数名词例： The traditional picture of St Nicholas is quite different from that of Father Christmas. (8)one 在前后比较中代替泛指的单数可数名词。与例： I prefer a flat in Beijing to one in Nanjing, because I want to live near my Mom's. 南京相比我更喜欢在北京有一套公寓，因为我想跟我妈妈住一起。 (9) those 在前后比较中代替特指的复数可数名词。例： Salaries are higher here than those in my country. 这儿的工资比我们国家的高。 (10) ones 在前后比较中代替泛指的复数可数名词例： Cars do cause us some health problems --- in fact far more serious ones than mobile phones do.汽车确实给我们的身体健康带来问题，事实上比手机造成的问题更严重。特殊的比较句型： (1) A differs from B in that(A 不同于 B 在于 ) 例： She differs from her sister in the color of her eyes. 她眼睛的颜色跟她姐姐不同。 (2) ...varies from person to person( 是因人而异的) 例： The opinion of the problem varies from person to person. 对这个问题的看法是因人而异的。

Forwhich用法小结

Which在定语从句中的用法小结一．引导限制性的定语从句，先行词为物。 1．在从句中做主语，宾语，可以与that互换,而且做宾语时可省略。 He lost the bike (which/that)his father gave to him .(他丢了父亲给他的那辆自行车。) The film which/that is directed by ZhangYimou is popular with many movie-goers.(张艺谋指导的这部电影很受电影爱好者的欢迎。) The part (which/that)he played in the film is welcome by many people. （他在电影中扮演的角色受到了很多人的欢迎。） 2．当先行词为时间，原因，地点，并在从句中做状语时，可用介词+which引导I’ll never forget the days on which/when we had a good time.（我将永远不会忘记我们一起度过美好时光的日子。） During the next ten years I have never been to Spain in which/where I was born.（在最近的十年我再也没去过我出生的地方---西班牙） The world in which/where we live is developing fast.（我们生活的世界发展的很快。） He didn’t explain the reason for which /why he missed the class-meeting. （他没有解释他没有参加班会的原因。） 3．介词后只能用which做宾语 The place about which we talked is no longer what it used to be.（我们讨论的那个地方不再是原先那个样子。） The cat on which he played a joke was lovely.（他开玩笑的那只猫很可爱。）4．可将whose+n.换成the +n.+of which/of which+the +n. He lives in a house ,whose door faces south. He lives in a house ,the door of which faces south. He lives in a house ,of which the door faces south. 二．引导非限制性的定语从句 1.指代所修饰的先行词，在从句中充当主语或宾语,充当宾语时不能省略。 He failed the exam,which was rather difficult.（他考试不及格，这次考试相当难） He failed the exam,in which he cheated. (他考试不及格，在这次考试中他作弊。) 2.指代先行句，在从句中充当主语或宾语 He failed the exam,which made his parents angry。(他考试不及格，这件事使父母很生气) He failed the exam,with which his parents were angry.(他考试不及格，父母对这件事很生气)) 3.注意区分which引导的非限制性的定语从句,as引导的定语从句以及强调句it is---that---句型的区别:as引导的定语从句放在句首，意思是“这一点”；而which引导的非限制性的定语从句放在主句的后面，并用逗号隔开，

现代汉语连词意义及用法总结

连词连词是用来连接词与词、词组与词组、句子与句子，表示某种逻辑关系的虚词。连词可以表并列、承接、转折、因果、选择、假设、比较、让步、递进、条件、目的等关系。一般说来，连词有很多是由副词、介词发展而来的；很多副词、介词又是由动词发展而来。所以动词、介词、连词需要区别。和 =跟、=与、=及、=同<方>。表示并列关系、联合关系。车上装的是机器和材料。他的胳膊和大腿都受伤了。工人和农民都是国家的主人。工业与农业。批评与自我批评。我同你一起去。图书、仪器、标本及其他。（注意：用“及”连接的成分多在词义上有主次之分，主要成分放在“及”的前面）以及连接并列的词或词组（“以及”前面往往是主要的）：院子里种着大丽花、矢车菊、夹竹桃以及其他的花木。既=既然既来之，则安之。既然他不愿意，那就算了吧。既然知道做错了，就应该赶紧纠正。你既然一定要去，我也不便阻拦。既要做，就一定要做好。既然这样，还不去做？用在上半句话里，下半句话里往往用副词就、也、还跟他呼应，表示先提出前提，而后加以推论。既然。。。就。。。既然。。。也。。。既然。。。还。。。继而=既而先是惊叹，既而大家一起欢呼起来。人们先是一惊，继而哄堂大笑。先是一个人领唱，继而全体跟着一起唱。表示紧随在某一情况或动作之后。而 1、连接动词、形容词、词组、分句。（1）连接语意相承的成分。伟大而艰巨的任务。战而胜之，取而代之，我们正从事一个伟大的事业，而伟大的事业必须有最广泛的群众的参加和支持。（2）连接肯定和否定相互补充的成分：此种花香浓而不烈，清而不淡。马克思主义叫我们看问题不要从抽象的定义出发，而要从客观存在的事实出发。有转折的意思。（3）连接语意相反的成分，表转折：如果能集中生产而不集中，就会影响改进技术、提高生产。（4）连接事理上前后相因的成分：因困难而畏惧而退却而消极的人，不会有任何成就。 2、有“到”的意思。一而再，再而三。由秋而冬。由南而北。 3、把表示时间、方式、目的、原因、依据等的成分连接到动词上面。匆匆而过、挺身而出、为正义而战、因公而死、视情况而定、三十而立。而且表示更进一步，前面往往有“不但、不仅”跟它呼应：性情温和而且心地善良。他不仅会开汽车，而且会修汽车。不但战胜了各种灾害，而且获得了丰收。因而=因此表示结果。下游河床狭窄，因而河水容易泛滥。因为常跟所以连用，表示因果关系。因为今天事情多，所以没去成。何况用反问的语气表示更进一层的意思。这么多事情一个人一天做完是困难的，何况他又是新手。他在生人面前都不习惯讲话，何况要到大庭广众之中呢？（even）

英语情态动词用法总结(完整)

英语情态动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择情态动词 1．--- Difficulties always go with me! --- Cheer up! If God closes door in front of you, there be a window opened for you. A．must B．would C．could D．can 【答案】A 【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——困难总是伴随着我！——高兴点! 如果上帝在你面前关上了门，一定有一扇窗户为你打开。A. must必须；B. would将要；C. could能，会；D. can能，会。must表示对现在的状态推测时，意为“一定”，表示可能性很大的推测。符合语境。故选A。【点睛】 1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"。 2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。 3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。 4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接完成进行式。 5) 否定推测用can't。本句中的。must表示对现在的状态推测时，意为一定，表示可能性很大的推测。符合第2点用法。 2．Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week. A．need have practised B．might practise C．must have practised D．could practise 【答案】C 【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。must have done是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测，意思是“一定”。故C选项正确。 3．He is a bad-tempered fellow, but he ________ be quite charming when he wishes. A．shall B．should C．can D．must 【答案】C 【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：他是个脾气不好的家伙，但当他希望自己有魅力的时候，他可

which引导的定语从句的用法

which引导的定语从句的用法 WHICH可以引导定语从句，修饰表示事物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语。例如：HEWASREADINGABOOK， WHICHWASABOUTWAR.他正在读一本关于战争的书。（关系代词WHICH在修饰BOOK的定语从句中充当主语。） HEWASREADINGABOOK，WHICHHEHADBOUGHTFROMLONDON.他正在读一本书，这本书是从伦敦买回来的。（关系代词WHICH在修饰BOOK的定语从句中充当宾语。） WHICH引导非限定性定语从句时有一个特殊用法，即它所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰主句中更多的部分甚至整个主句（这时被定语从句所修饰的“先行词”要作广义理解），WHICH仍在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。例如：HESETFREETHEBIRDSHAPPILY， WHICHWASACELEBRATIONFORHISSUCCESS.他开心地把鸟放了，这是对他成功的一种庆祝。把非限定性定语从句“WHICHWASACELEBRATIONFORHISSUCCESS”的先行词视为主句中的“THEBIRDS”显然不符合整句的语境，被 “WHICHWASACELEBRATIONFORHISSUCCESS”所修饰的是整个主句，WHICH所引导的这类特殊的非限定性定语从句对主句所叙述的情况进行某种意义的补充说明，WHICH常可译为“这一点，这件事”。［考题1］ YOUCANFINDWHATEVERYOUNEEDATTHESHOPPINGCENTRE， ____ISALWAYSBUSYATTHEWEEKEND.（2006上海春） A.THAT B.WHERE C.WHAT D.WHICH ［答案］D

and的用法及含义

and的用法及含义 And是英语中一个普通的连词，然而and并非只作并列连词用，它还具有一些不太常见的表达方式和意义，应根据上下文的特殊环境，作出判断才能准确理解其用法和意思。 1．and作并列连词，译为“和、并且”等，当连接三个以上的并列成分时，它放在最后一个成分之前，其余用逗号分开，例如： He bought a book and a pen．他买了一本书和一支笔。 Solid，liquid and gas are the three states of matter．固态、液态和气态是物质的三种状态。 2．名词+and+名词，若这种结构表示一个概念时，and+名词相当于介词with+名词，译为“附带、兼”的意思，例如： Noodle and egg is a kind of delicious food．（and egg=with egg）鸡蛋面是一种美味食物。 Whose is this watch and chain？（and chain＝with chain）这块带表链的手表是谁的？ 3．名词复数+and+同一名词的复数，强调连续或众多的含义。例如： There are photos and photos．照片一张接着一张。 They saw film hours and hours last week．上星期他们一小时接一小时地看电影。 4．形容词+and+形容词，这种结构形似并列，实际并非并列结构。例如： This roon is nice and warm（＝nicely warm）． The coffee is nice and hot（=thoroughly hot）． 5．用and连接动词的用法：and+动词作目的状语。动词go（come，stop等）＋and+动词，此时，and+动词相当于in order to+动词，例如： ①I'll go and bring back your boots，（go and bring back=go in order to bringback）我去把你的靴子拿来。 ②and+动词，起现在分词的作用，表示方式或伴随情况。例如： He sat and waited．（and waited=waiting）他坐着等。 ③and+同一动词表示动作长时间地“继续”或“重复”，例如：

初中英语定语从句的用法归纳

初中英语定语从句用法归纳定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导（1）。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定于从句，但对初中生来说，定语从句既是一个重点，也是一个难点。一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如： The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher. 先行词定语从句昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系（2）。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如： I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. （主语）先行词关系代词我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。 The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语)先行词关系代词我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。 The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定语)

介词加which的用法

1）介词与先行词的习惯搭配 There is no way in which it could be brought back to the earth．（SEFC 2A L．55）（in与way是习惯搭配） 2）介词与定语从句中的动词，形容词的习惯搭配 These are the wires with which different machines are connected．（be connected with是习惯搭配） The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our compa-ny．（be familiar with是习惯搭配） 3）同形的先行词，或定语从句中的动词，形容词表示不同的含义时，要根据其含义选用不同的介词。 I can't remember the age at which he won the prize． That is the age in which people live in peace and happiness． age在前句中意为“年岁”，与at搭配；在后句中意为“时期”，与 in搭配。 4）复杂介词须保持其完整形式，常见的复杂介词有on the top of，in the middle of，in front of，in spite of，at the back of，because of等。 We took a photo of rocket，the length of which was about 30me- tres．（SEFC 2A L．55） Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other． They marched through the square，in the middle of which stood a monument． 5）短语动词中的介词不可与动词分开提至关系代词前。常见的短语动词有listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of，look into，break into，get rid of，take part in，make use of，take hold of，catch hold of，catch up with，get along with，look forward to等。此时可用which，who，whom或that，也可将他们省略。（误）This is the girl of whom he will take care．（正）This is the girl whom he will take careof． 6）当介词与定语从句中的动词或形容词联系紧密（但不是短语动词）时，介词也可放在动词或形容词的后面。但当介词与从句中的动词或形容词联系不紧密

中学英语重点词汇和句型用法讲解

中学英语重点词汇和句型用法讲解(上) 中学英语重点词汇和句型用法 1. 提建议的句子： ①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go shopping? ③Why not + do sth. ?如：Why not go shopping? ④Let’s + do sth. 如：Let’s go shopping ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.?如：Shall we/ I go shopping? 2. first of all首先 to begin with一开始 later on后来、随 3. also也而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 either也（用于否定句）常在句末 too也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末 4. see sb. / sth. doing看见某人正在做某事强调正在发生 see sb. / sth. do看见某人做了或经常做某事如：如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.她看见他正在教室里画画。 5. too many 许多修饰可数名词如：too many girls too much 许多修饰不可数名词如：too much milk much too 太修饰形容词如：much too beautiful 6. used to do sth.过去常常做某事

否定形式：

didn’t use to do sth. used not to do sth. 如：He used to play football after school. 放学后他过去常常踢足球。 Did he use to play football? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. He didn’t use to smoke. 他过去不吸烟。 7. 反意疑问句 ①肯定陈述句＋否定提问如：Lily is a student, isn’t she? Li ly will go to China, won’t she? ②否定陈述句＋肯定提问如：She doesn’t come from China, does she? Yo u haven’t finished homework, have you? ③提问部分用代词而不用名词如： Lily is a student, isn’t she? ④陈述句中含有否定意义的词如：little, few, never, nothing, hardly 等。其反意疑问句用肯定式如： He knows little English, does he? 他一点也不懂英语，不是吗？ They hardly understood it, did they?他们几乎不明白，不是吗？ 8.be interested in sth.对…感兴趣 take an interest in be interested in doing sth.对做…感兴趣如：He is interested in math, but he isn’t interested in speaking English. 他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。

关于代词that和which的用法区别

关于代词that和which的用法区别：在定语从句中，当先行词是指物时，关系代词which可以由that代替，如果which不在介词之后，也可省略。在日常用语或口语中，which不作主语时可以省略。例： Did you take away the book(which/that）I showed you yesterday? 你把我昨天给你看的那本书拿走了吗？ The hotel at which we stayed was both cheap and comfortable. 我们住的那家旅馆既便宜又舒适。 This is certainly not the book for which I paid./This is certainly not the book I paid for. 这肯定不是我付钱买的那本书。但两者之间还有一定的区别，必须予以足够的重视。一.that仅用在限制性定语从句中，通常不用逗号隔开，作宾语或介词宾语时，that 可以省去。例： The letter that came this morning is from my father. 今晨收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的。 The watch(that)you gave me keeps perfect time. 你给我的那块手表走得准极了。 The photographs(that) you're looking at were taken by my brother. 你正看的这些相片是我弟弟照的。二.which既可用在限制性定语从句中，作宾语或介词宾语时，which可以省去，也可用在非限制性定语从句中。例： Did you see the letter that/which came today? 今天来的信你看到了没有？ This is the one of which I'm speaking./This is the one I'm speaking of. 这就是我说的那一个。 He changed his mind, which made me angry. 他改变了主意，使我很生气。 He admires Mrs.Brown, which surprises me. 他钦佩布郎太太，这使我感到惊奇。三.当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时，要用that，不用which，作宾语时可以省去。例： All that can be done has been done. 凡能做的事都已经做了。 You can't believe anything she says. 她所说的什么话你都不能相信。 There's nothing you can do to help. 你做什么也无能为力了。 I hope that the little that I've been able to do has been of some use. 我希望我能够做到的那一点点是有些用处的。 This reference book contains much(little)that is useful. 这本参考书中有很多（没有多少）有用的东西。

初中英语重要句型用法总结

初中英语重要句型初中英语写作中常见的十二种句型句型1：There＋be ＋主语＋地点状语／时间状语 There's a boat in the river．河里有条船。 There are seven days in a week．一周有七天。句型2：What's wrong with＋sb．／sth．？ What's wrong with you？你怎么啦？ What's wrong with your watch？你的手表有什么毛病？句型3：How do you like．．．？ How do you like China？你觉得中国怎么样？句型4：What do you like about．．．？ What do you like about China？你喜欢中国的什么？句型5：had better（not）＋动词原形 You'd better ask that policeman over there．你最好去问问那边的那个警察。句型6：How＋adj．／adv．＋主语＋谓语！ What a／an＋adj．＋n．＋主语＋谓语！ How cold it is today ！今天多冷啊！ What a fine picture it is！多美的一幅图画呀！句型7：Thank＋sb．＋for（doing）sth． Thank you for coming to see me．感谢你来看我。句型8：So＋be／情态动词／助动词＋主语 He is a student．So am I．他是一个学生，我也是。句型9：．．．not．．．until．．．

初中情态动词用法总结

专项：情态动词一考点：情态动词的用法和辨析，情态动词表示推测和可能，由情态动词引导的一般疑问句的回答。二类型：1 只是情态动词：can, could, may, might, must 2 可做情态动词，可做实义动词：need, dare 3 可做情态动词，可做助动词：will, would, shall, should 4 特殊：have to, ought to, used to 三特征：1 有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词和系动词连用构成谓语。 2 无人称和数的变化。（have to 除外） Eg: He has to stay here. 3 后接动词原形。 4 具有助动词作用，可构成否定，疑问或简短回答。四用法： 1. can ①表示能力，“能，会”。Eg : Can you play basketball? ②表示怀疑，猜测，常用于否定句或疑问句。 Eg :Li hua can’t be in the classroom. ③表示请求，允许，多用于口语，译“可以”= may. Eg: you can go now. ④can 开头的疑问句，肯定句，否定句用can或can’t. 2.could①can 的过去式，表示过去的能力。 Eg :I could swim when I was seven years old. ②could 开头的疑问句，肯定和否定回答用could, couldn’t如果could 表示现在的委婉，用can 回答。 Eg: Could I have a drink? Yes, you can. 3.may①表示推测，“可能，也许”，用于肯定句。 Eg: He may come tomorrow. ②表示请求，“许可,可以”。Eg: May I borrow your book? 注：表示请求，许可时，主语为第一人称的一般疑问句，否定回

of which用法

of whom和of which用法归纳 1. of表示同位关系：即用于在A+of+B结构，其中的A和B为同位关系。如： Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week. 她的两个儿子，都在国外工作，他们每周都给她打电话来。 We’ve tested three hundred types of boot, none of which is completely waterproof.我们已经测试过300种靴子，没有一种是完全防水的。 2. of表示整体与部分的关系：即用于“部分+of+整体(which, whom)”结构。如： He went with a group of people, few of whom were correctly equipped for such a climb. 他和一队人一起去了，其中没有几个人配有进行这样一次登山的适当装备。 The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。 I met the fruit-pickers, several of whom were university students. 我遇到了摘水果的人们，其中有几个人是大学生。 3. of表示所属关系：即of用于构成所有格。如： He’s written a book the name of which I’ve forgotten.他写了一本书，书名我给忘了。 The house the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired. 那幢屋顶被损坏的房子现在已经修好了。 4. of与其他的词构成固定搭配：即of与从句中的某个词语构成固定搭配。如： He’s married to a singer of whom you may have heard.他与一位歌唱家结了婚，你可能听说过这个人。(介词of与动词hear构成固定搭配，意为“听说”) 注意：介词of后面除接关系代词which, whom外，有时也可能是whose。如： She had a teddy-bear, both of whose eyes were missing. 她有一个玩具熊，它的两只眼睛都丢了。 which特殊用法大家都知道which引导定语从句时，在从句中主要作主语和宾语，若要作定语时，一般要用whose引导。一般用法：

of whom和of which用法归纳

情态动词表推测用法总结及专项练习

which在定语从句中的用法

英语比较句型用法归纳.doc

最新英语语法情态动词归纳总结

Forwhich用法小结

现代汉语连词意义及用法总结

英语情态动词用法总结(完整)

which引导的定语从句的用法

and的用法及含义

初中英语定语从句的用法归纳

介词加which的用法

中学英语重点词汇和句型用法讲解

关于代词that和which的用法区别

初中英语重要句型用法总结

初中情态动词用法总结

of which用法