英汉翻译练习题与答案 (2)
Translation Improvement（改错）
例：原文：He asked after you．译文：他在你之后发问。改译：他问起你的情况。
4) 等到所有的伤员都被转移了，白求恩大夫才离开医院。
译文：Dr．Bethune left the hospital until all the wounded soldiers were carried away.
改正：Dr．Bethune didn?t leave the hospital until all the wounded soldiers were carried away. 5) 这篇文章给我们介绍了他们的教学方法。
译文：This article tells us their teaching method．
改正：This article introduces us their teaching method．
6) 工人们用的这些工作台需要加高。
译文：The worktables where the workers sit need being heightened．
改正：The worktables where the workers sit need heightening．
7) 海洋覆盖了地球表面的71％，是全球生命支持系统的一个基本组成部分。
译文：The ocean covers 71 percent of the earth's surface and is a basic component of the global bio-support system．
改正：The ocean covers 71 percent of the earth's surface and it is a basic component of the global bio-support system．
8) 一班的学生和二班的一样专心。
译文：The students of Class One are as attentive as Class Two．
改正：The students of Class One are as attentive as those of Class Two．
9) It is time we took effective measures to deal with the problem of pollution．
译文：这时，我们已采取了有效措施来处理污染这一问题。
改正：该是时候采取措施来处理污染这一问题了。
10)In any case it was a bad scene and one in which 1 would just glad never have taken part．
译文：总而言之，这是一个狼狈的场面，我很高兴，我永远也不会参与进去。
改正：无论如何，这是一个狼狈的场面，我很高兴，我永远也不会参与进去。11) A visit to the slum areas of the town brought home to me what poverty really means．
译文：对该市贫民区的访问使我把贫穷的真正含义带回了国内。
改正：对该市贫民区的访问使我对贫穷有了真正了解。
14)Eggs are supposed to be one of the most healthful foods．——Next to potatoes．I think．
译文：鸡蛋被认为是最有益于健康的食品。——我想与土豆接近。
改正：鸡蛋被认为是最有益于健康的食品。——我想仅次于土豆。
15)Living things consist of minute structures called cells．
译文：生物都是由称为细胞在几分钟之内就可形成的结构物组成的。
改正：在几分钟之内就可形成的结构组成的生物是细胞。
16）Adelaide enjoys Mediterranean climate．
译文：阿德莱德享有地中海型气候。
改译：阿德莱德是地中海型气候。
18）She recognized the absurdity of dealing with these people through intermediaries．译文：她认识到通过中间人跟这些人打交道的愚蠢性。
改译：她认识到通过中间人跟这些人打交道是愚蠢的。
19) One can never see too many summer sunrises 0n the Mississippi River．
译文：夏天，人们永远不能在密西西比河上看到太多的日出。
改译：夏天，人们在密西西比河上看到太多的日出。
20) Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth．
译文：他的许多思想对当代青年特别感兴趣。
改译：当代青年对他的许多思想都特别感兴趣。
21) They had barely enough time to catch the train．
译文：他们刚够时间赶上火车。
改译：他们几乎没赶上火车。
28) There are three main groups 0f oils：animal，vegetable and mineral．
译文：油可以分为三类：动物、植物和矿物。
改正：油可以分为三类：动物油、植物油和矿物油。
29) His military career had been inglorious．
译文：他的军队生涯是不光彩的。
改正：他的军队生涯曾是不光彩的。
30) I decided to walk my dog．The path took us toward the park．
译文：我打算去遛狗。这条路把我们带到了公园。
改正：我打算去遛狗。沿着这条路我们到了公园。
五、句子翻译
1．But there isn't anything here right now that I could offer you．We don?t make many changes．此时此刻我没有什么可以提供给你的，我们没有太多改变。
2．They were beckoning mountains with a brown grass love．
棕色的草坡给你爱抚，向你召唤。
3．Yes，Sir John．Thank you．Anything else I can do for you，Sir John?
好的，约翰先生，谢谢你。还有什么我可以帮助的吗？
4．在旧社会，我们评剧演员常常挣钱不够吃饭，艺人们大都是拉家带口，生活困难。
5．日子很快的过去了，她还像以前那样努力的工作，不计较饮食，从不吝惜自己的力气。
二、Multiple Choice Questions（选择题）
1.He thought that directly internal confidence in the regime declines，her financial structure would be in danger．( C )
A.他认为，那直接影响着园内对政府的信心下降，它的财歧体制就会出现危机了。
B.他直截了当地认为，国内对政府的信心下降，其财政结构就要出现危机了。
C.他认为，一旦国内对政府的信心下降，她的财政体制就会出现危机。
D．他当时认为，只要政府内部失去信心，其金融结构就会瓦解。
2．Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy condition 0f body．( D ) A．日光和新鲜空气对于身体健康都是不可缺少的。
B．对于健康的身体，日光和新鲜空气一样不可缺少。
C．对于身体健康，日光如新鲜空气一样不可或缺。
D．阳光同新鲜空气一样对于身体的健康不可缺少。
3．Intense light and heat in the open contrasted with the coolness of shaded avenues and the interiors of buildings．( B )
A．强烈的光线和露天场所的炎热，同林荫道上的凉爽和建筑物内部形成了对比。。B．露天场所的强烈光线和酷热，同林荫道上和建筑物内部的凉爽形成了对比。
C．露天场所的强光和酷热，同林荫道上的凉爽和建筑物内部形成了对比。
D．强烈的光线和露天场所的炎热，同林荫道和建筑物内部的凉爽形成了对比。4．Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness，affection weakness，thrift avarice．( C ) A．勇气过分成为鲁莽、热爱、虚弱、节俭和贪婪。
B．过分的勇气变为蛮勇，爱变为溺爱，节俭变为贪婪。
C．过度的勇气变为蛮勇，过度的爱变为溺爱，过度的节俭变为贪婪。
D．勇敢过分成为蛮勇，爱与虚伪，节约与贪婪。
5．Being easily set on fire．alcohol must be kept away from the flame．( D )
A．酒精容易着火，必须放在与火隔绝的地方。
B．因为酒精容易被人放火，所以必须远离火存放。
C．由于容易失火，酒精必须远离火焰。
D．因为酒精易燃，所以必须被放在离火很远的地方。
6．These particles，while they have the same mass or weight as the protons，have no electric charge．( B )
A．当粒子质量和重量与质子相同时，他们不带电荷。
B．这些粒子虽然其质量和重量跟质子相同，但不带电荷。
C．这些粒子不带电荷，而他们有和质子相同的质量或重量。
D．这些粒子不带电荷，与此同时他们还和质子一样有相同的质量和重量。
7．我们必须采取措施深化改革。( B )
A．We must take measures to deepen our reform．
B．Measures have to be taken to deepen the reform．
C．Measures have to be taken to deepen our commitment to reform．
D．Measures must be taken to deepen reform．
8．同学们每天早晨在室外朗读。( A )
A．The students read aloud in the open every morning．
B．The students read aloud every rooming in the open．
C．The students read in the open loudly every morning．
D．Every morning in the open the students read aloud．
9．你觉得这部新片怎么样? ( D )
A．How do you think the film?
B．What do you feel about the film?
C．What do you like the film?
D．How did you like the film?
10．你什么时候方便就过来玩。( D )
A．Come and play when you are convenient．
B．Come here to play if you are convenient．
C．Drop in whenever it?s convenient．
D．Drop in whenever you have convenience．
11．王力先生指出，西文多用形合法，( D )。
A．因此定语从句用得特别多
B．因此现在分词用得特别多
C．介词和介词短语往往是不可缺少的
D．联结成分在大多数情况下是不可缺少的
12．就英汉两种语言的语序而言，下列选项中正确的是( C )。
A．汉语有时态，可以通过动词的变化显出动作发生的先后顺序，而英语则不能
B．汉语大量使用分词和从句，用法也灵活，可前可后
C．英语句子注重突出重点，往往把重要的话放在突出的位置
D．英语叙事多靠并列结构，且较多地依靠各成分之间的顺序，尤其是时间顺序和逻辑顺序
13．在理论方面，( A ) 曾针对当时赵景深的“宁顺而不信”的提法，提出了“宁信而不顺”的主张。
A．鲁迅B．梁实秋
C．瞿秋白D．严复
14．有关句子内部及句子之间联系的说法，下列正确的一项是( D )。
A．汉语不重视句子之间的联系
B．英语比较重视句子之间的联系
C．在句子内部，汉语重意合，句内各成分联系紧密
D．在句子内部，英语重形合，句内各成分联系紧密
15．The Art of Translation is written by( C )．
A．Charles R．Taber
B．George Steiner
C．Theodore Savory
D．Eugene A．Nida
16. There's no pot so ugly it can't find a lid．
译文A．没有丑到配不上一个盖子的罐子。( √)
译文B．罐儿再丑，配个盖子不发愁。( )
17. They had barely enough time t0 catch the train．
译文A．他们仅有足够的时间赶上火车。( )
译文B．他们差点儿没赶上火车。( √)
18. A.英语动词用得多，而汉语名词、介词用得多。( )
B.英语名词、介词用得多，而汉语动词用得多。( √)
A．1．The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it．( B )
A．海洋与其说分开世界，不如说把它连起来。
B．与其说海洋把世界分隔开来，不如说把世界连接起来。
C．海洋把世界分隔开来没有像把它连接起来多。
D．海洋分隔世界的程度不如连接世界的程度大。
2．Being a metal，mercury is not a solid．( C )
A．作为一种金属，水银不是固体。B．由于是金属，水银不是固体。
C．汞虽是金属，但不是固体。D．汞是一种金属，却不是一种固体。
3．A translator has to know everything 0f something and something 0f everything．( B ) A．一个翻译人员对一些事情要什么都懂，对什么事情又要懂一些。
B．翻译人员对有些事情要无所不晓，对什么事情又要略知一二。
C．翻译人员对于知识既要精深，又要渊博。D．译者要知之为知之，不知为不知。4．It was a cold winter day．( D )
A．这是一个寒冷的冬天。B．这是寒冬的一天。
C．这是冬天寒冷的一天。D．这是一个寒冷的冬日。
5. The film is a dramatic treatment of a threatened stoppage in a factory．( C )
A．本片是对一家工厂的一场受到威胁的罢工的戏剧的处理。
B．本片对一家工厂的一场可能发生的罢工，进行戏剧性的处理。
C．本片用戏剧性手法，表现了一家工厂是如何面临罢工威胁的。
D．该片对一家受到罢工威胁的工厂进行了戏剧性处理。
6．I have no opinion of that sort of man．( C )
A．我不赞成那种人的意见。B．我对那样人毫无意见。
C．我对那种人毫无好感。D．我没有那种人的观点。
7．她是班里唱得最好的。( B )
A．She is better singer than any in the class．B．She is the best singer in the class．
C．She sings better than any in the class．D．She is the best singer of all her classmates．8．我陷入了沉思。( A )
A．I was lost in thought．B．I lost in thought．
C．My thought was lost．D．I was deep in thought．
9．没有他的帮助，我早就失败了。( B )
A．But for his help, I would fail．B．Without his help, I would have failed．
C．If he didn?t help me, I would have failed．D．If not for his help, I would fail．
10. 抓革命，促生产是当务之急。( A )
A．It is highly imperative to grasp revolution and promote production．
B．It is highly imperative to promote pooduction by means of revolution．
C．It is an urgent task to revolutionize and produce．
D．To make revolution and increase production is a hurry thing to do．
11．王佐良认为，一部好的译作总是既有_______ 又有_______的：凡能直译处坚持直译，必须意译处则放手意译。( C )
A．死译，硬译B．胡译，乱译C．直译，意译D．归化，异化
12．就句子结构而言，一般说来，( B )。
A．汉语多用并列结构，英语也多用并列结构。B．汉语多用并列结构，英语多用主从结构。C．汉语多用主从结构，英语也多用主从结构。D．汉语多用主从结构，英语多用并列结构。13．钱钟书先生在“林纾的翻译”一文中提出了一条新的标准，即“文学翻译的最高标准是…( D )?。A．雅B．信C．达D．化
14．“( B )”is the idea of Saint Jerome．
A．It isn?t necessary to translate word for word．
B．I have always aimed at translating sense，not words．
C．The translati013 should have all the ease 0f 0riginal composition．
D．The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that 0f the original．15．In the Theory and Practice of Translation，( B )and Charles R．Taber emphasize the importance of the translator?s respect for the genius of each 1anguage．
A．Saint Jerome B．Eugene A．Nida C．Cicero D．A．F．Tytler
C．选择正确的译文或说法，请在正确的译文或说法后面的括号内打“√”。
16. We ourselves attract more foreign investment than any country but the u．s。
译文A．我们所吸引的外资额仅次于美国。( √)
译文B.除了美国，我们所吸引的外资额比任何国家都多。( )
17. 这幢房屋值10万元。
译文A．The house worths 100，000 dollars．(√)
译文B．The house is worth 100，000 dollars．( )
1) It was not until bedtime that the boy remembered to do his homework．
译文：还没到睡觉时，这个小孩就想起了去做作业。
改正：直到睡觉时，这个小孩才想起去做作业。
2) Besides，we were much too interested and too anxious to participate in the discussion to have
time for foolishness.
译文：再说，我们十分有兴趣、十分急切，以至于没有去参加课堂讨论，也没有时间去胡闹捣乱。
改正：再说，我们十分有兴趣、十分急切，去参加课堂讨论，没有时间去胡闹捣乱。
3) I expect never to see him．He is such a bore．
译文：我想永远也不会见到他了。他真是个惹人厌烦的人。
改正：我希望从未见过他。他真是个惹人厌烦的人。
4) The students of Class 2 are in the charge of Miss Taylor．
译文：二班的学生负责管理泰勒小姐。
改正：泰勒小姐负责管理二班的学生
5) The time was hardly ten o'clock at night，but chilly gusts of wind with a taste of rain in them
had almost emptied the street．
译文：还不到晚上10点钟，可是一阵阵的凉风夹杂着蒙蒙细雨几乎把街头一扫而空。
改正：刚刚晚上10点钟，可是一阵阵的凉风夹杂着蒙蒙细雨几乎把街头一扫而空。
6) Look before you leap．
译文：你跳之前看一看。
改正：三思而后行。
7) Let's be patient．The decision has to come．
译文：让我们耐心一些，决定必须到来。
改正：让我们耐心一些，决定还未做出。
8) The train coming from Moscow will arrive in no time．
译文：来自莫斯科的火车不用时间将会到达。
改正：来自莫斯科的火车不久将会到达。
9) 正如我们老师所说的，课后也应练习多讲英语。
译文：As our teacher said that we should practice speaking English after class．
改正：As our teacher said we should practice speaking English after class．
10)起初我感到这本书很难懂。
译文：At first I felt very difficult to understand this book．
改正：At first I felt it very difficult to understand this book．
11)这个男孩学习迟钝。他不会读和写。
译文：The boy is slow in learning．He cannot read and write
改正：The boy is slow witted in learning．He cannot read and write
12)你找到你的辞典了吗?
译文：Have you found out your dictionary?
改正：Have you found your dictionary?
13)汤姆是班上同学中最高的一个。
译文：Tom is the tallest of all his classmates．
14)译成英语后，句子的词序就完全不同了。
译文：The word order of the sentence is entirely different when translated into English．改正：The word order of the sentence is entirely different when it is translated into English．15)这个发现在科学上意义重大。
译文：The discovery is great significance in science．
改正：The discovery is of great significance in science．
16) A successful scientist utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent．
译文：一位成功的科学家利用最大限度观察到的事实。
改译：一位成功的科学家将他观察到的事实发挥到最大程度。
17) Lock the stable door after the horse is stolen．
译文：亡羊补牢，未为晚也。
改译：亡羊补牢，为时晚矣。
18) It is a wise man that never makes mistakes．
译文：只有聪明的人才从不犯错误。
改译：再聪明的人也有犯错误的时候。
19) How long is it since you last wrote to him?
译文：你上次给他写信有多久了?
改译：你多久没给他写信了?
20) Until recently I knew nothing about it．
译文：到目前为止我还蒙在鼓里。
改译：到目前为止我还一无所知。
21) The elevator girl reads books between passengers．
译文：这位开电梯的女孩挤在乘客中间读书。
改译：这位开电梯的女孩能读懂乘客的心思。
22) 我弟弟尽管是大学生，却连一封英文信都写不好。
译文：In spite 0f being a college student，my brother writes an English letter poorly．
改译：In spite of a college student，my brother writes an English letter poorly．
23)请预先给我安排一个房间。
译文：Please arrange me a room in advance．
改译：Please arrange me a room.
24) 各国人民的正义斗争是相互支持的。
译文：The just struggle of the people of the world support each other．
改译：The just struggle by the people of the world support each other．
25) 这样做，有助于解决国家、厂长同群众的矛盾。
译文：Doing so，it will be helpful for us to solve the contradictions between the country，the factory directors and the masses．
改译：By doing so，it will be helpful for us to solve the contradictions between the country，the factory directors and the masses．
26) I don't believe that she ever had time to notice that she was growing old．
译文：我不相信她有工夫去注意自己是不是在日益衰老。
改正：我相信她没有工夫去注意自己是不是在日益衰老。
27) Last year，that figure，at 28％，was more than twice as high．
译文：去年，这一数字为28％，增加了两倍。
改正：去年，这一数字上升到28％，增加了两倍。
28) I tried vainly to put them together．
译文：我徒劳地想把它们拼在一起。
改正：我试图想把它们拼在一起。
29) The canals were arteries of communication：they were not made to carry pleasure boats, but
barges．
译文：运河是交通的动脉，它们不是为了走游艇，而是为了能行驳船。
改正：运河是交通的动脉，开运河不是为了走游艇，而是为了能行驳船。
30) 我家里生活苦，父亲做小买卖，母亲是家庭妇女。
译文：My family's life was hard up，my father was making small business，and my mother was a housewife．
改正：My family was hard up , with father a peddler , mother a housewife.
31) 合营企业需要时可在中国境外设立分支机构。
译文：When an equity joint venture needs，it may set up branches and subbranches outside China．
改正：Whenever necessary, an equity joint venture may set up branches and subbranches outside China.
五、句子翻译
1．The fine snow，setting into this red grass and upon the few little evergreens and the headstones．100ked very pretty．
2．“She must be eighty-five if she is a day．”said Thorpe at last．
3．She was relaxed too，he could see，as he thought of the accumulated tension that had preceded their departure．
4．他站在那儿，手插在手袋里。
5．我英语讲的很好，这使老板很满意。
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英语翻译专项习题及答案解析含解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．晚上别喝太多的咖啡，会睡不着觉的。（or） 2．事实证明，保持快乐的心态会降低得心脏病的风险。（It） 3．乐观的人不会过分怀念美好的旧时光，因为他们正忙着创造新的回忆。（create）4．追求稳定并不是什么坏事，很多时候这样的态度在促使我们提升自我、挑战难度、攀登高峰。（when） 【答案】 1．Don’t drink too much coffee at night, or you won’t be able to sleep. 2． It is proved that keeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases. 3．Optimistic people don’t miss the good old days too much, because they are busy creating new memories. 4． The pursuit of stability is not a bad thing. (and) There are many times when such an attitude drives us to improve ourselves, challenge difficulties, and climb peaks. 【解析】 【分析】 本题考查翻译，用括号所给的词将中文翻译成英文。翻译要注意句子的时态和语法的运用。 1．考查祈使句。祈使句 + and/or，前面的祈使句表示条件，or或and引导的分句表示结果这里表示转折关系，故用or。故答案为Don’t drink too much coffee at night, or you won’t be able to sleep. 2．考查名词性从句。翻译时句中用it作形式主语，真正的主语为从句thatkeeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases.，从句翻译时要注意动名词作主语。故答案为It is proved that keeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases. 3．考查动词。翻译时注意短语be busy doing忙于做……，时态用一般现在时。故答案为Optimistic people don’t miss the good old days too much, because they are busy creating new memories. 4．考查定语从句。先行词为times，在定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导。故答案为The pursuit of stability is not a bad thing. (and) There are many times when such an attitude drives us to improve ourselves, challenge difficulties, and climb peaks. 2．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．即使天气再热，也不要整天待在空调房间里。(stay) 2．一旦一个人学会了换位思考，就表明他正在走向成熟。(indicate) 3．直到他听了那个讲座才意识到自己对于该领域的知识是如此的匮乏。(It)
【英语】英语翻译练习题20篇及解析
【英语】英语翻译练习题20篇及解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。(accustomed) 2．将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。(be up to) 3．没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。(than) 4．家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测。(for fear) 5．虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予消费者更多的选择，但也使不少人变成购物狂。(turn) 【答案】 1．I’m accustomed to listening to some light music before sleep. 2．It’s up to you what kind of life will lead in the future. 3．There is nothing more exciting than being allowed to take part in the space travel programme. 4．Parents ask their kids not to play by the river for fear that something terrible might happen. 5．While modern society, rich in material resources,has given consumers more choice, it turns many of them into crazy shoppers. 【解析】试题分析： 1．翻译这句话的时候，注意词组：be ac customed to doing“习惯于做……”。 2．这句话使用了句型：It’s up to you +从句，“做….由某人决定”。这里what kind of life will lead in the future.是主语从句，it是形式主语。 3．这句话使用了There be句型， nothing 后面是形容词做定语，因为是比较的含义用形容词的比较级more exciting，还有词组“被允许做”be allowed to ，以及词组“参加”：take part in 。 4．这句话使用了for fear that 引导目的状语从句，和词组“让某人不要做……”ask sb. not to do. 5．这句话使用了连词While 表示“尽管，虽然”。词组“富含”be rich in ，主句中使用了词组turn…. into …..“将…变成…”。 考点：考查翻译句子 2．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．今年元旦我们玩得很开心。(enjoy) 2．舅舅昨天寄给我一张卡片，祝贺我18岁生日。(congratulate) 3．经过多年的建设，这个小镇现在和地震前一样充满了活力。(as...as) 4．演出以一段五十多岁的人耳熟能详的经典音乐开始。(familiar) 5．她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目，就立志加入野生动物保护组织。(No sooner)【答案】
英汉翻译 练习题
Exercise for Advanced English-Chinese Translation 2-2 1 (Changing and adding) Sensitive souls: How dogs became man’s best friend No species has developed a closer relationship with humanity than the dog. (Though cat-lovers may disagree.) But that relations hip‘s basis—what it is about dogs that allows them to live at ease with people—is still little understood. After all, dogs are descended from wolves, which are big, scary carnivores that would certainly have competed with early man for prey, and might not have been averse to the occasional human as a light snack. Unless specifically bred for fighting, dogs are more docile than wolves, so that is clearly part of the answer. But mere docility cannot account for why people like to have dogs in their homes. Sheep are docile, but few people keep them as pets. Brian Hare, of Harvard University, thinks he knows. And, as he told the AAAS meeting in Seattle, it does not reflect well on the intelligence of mankind‘s closest living relative, the chimpanzee. Dr Hare‘s h ypothesis is that dogs are superbly sensitive to social cues from people. That enables them to fit in with human society. On one level, this might sound common sense. But humans are such sociable animals that they frequently fail to realize just how unusual are their own skills at communicating. Dr Hare therefore decided to test his idea by comparing the abilities of dogs with those of chimpanzees, which are often regarded as second only to people in their level of innate intelligence. His experiment was simple. He presented his animal subjects with two inverted cups. Then he hid the cups behind a screen, put a small piece of food under on of them, and took the screen away. The animal had to choose which cup to look under. If the experimenter gave no clue, both species got it right 50% of the time, as what would be expected. However, if he signaled in some way which was the right cup, by pointing at it, tapping it, or even just gazing at it, a dog would choose correctly every time, while a chimpanzee would still do only slightly better than chance. Chimps simply did not get the idea of social signals of this sort. However many times the experiment was repeated. Having established, to his own satisfaction at least, that his hypothesis was correct, Dr Hare asked the next logical question—how did this skill originate? He had three more hypotheses. （392） 2 How to Avoid Foolish Opinions Bertrand Russel To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is prone, no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from all error, but from silly error. If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself. Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you don‘t is a fatal mistake, to which we are all prone. I believe myself that hedgehogs eat black beetles, because I have been told that they do; but if I were writing a book on the habits of hedgehogs, I should not commit myself until I had seen one enjoying this unappetizing diet. Aristotle, however, was less cautious. Ancient and medieval authors knew all about unicorns and salamanders; not one of them thought it necessary to avoid dogmatic statements about them because he had never seen one of them.