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句子成分2

句子成分2
句子成分2

句子成分

一、句子成分

(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:、

During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)

One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)

To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)

Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)

The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)

When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)

It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)

(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:

1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.

2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.

(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:

Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)

Is it yours?(代词)

The weather has turned cold.(形容词)

The speech is exciting.(分词)

Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)

His job is to teach English.(不定式)

His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)

The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)

Time is up. The class is over.(副词)

The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)

(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:

They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)

The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)

How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)

They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)

He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)

I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)

I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)

宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.

(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:

His father named him Dongming.(名词)

They painted their boat white.(形容词)

Let the fresh air in.(副词)

You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)

We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)

We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)

We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)

(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:

Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)

China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)

There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)

His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)

Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)

The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)

He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)

(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:

Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)

He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)

He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语)

Wait a minute.(名词)

Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)

状语种类如下:

How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)

Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)

I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(条件状语)

Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)

She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)

She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)

In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)

He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)

She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语

I am taller than he is.(比较状语)

(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分,4分钟)

① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

② There is an old man coming here.

③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词(10分,10分钟)

① I don't like the picture on the wall.

A. don't

B. like

C. picture

D. wall

② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

A. get

B. longer

C.

days D. summer

③ Do you usually go to school by bus?

A. Do

B.

usually C.go D. bus

④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A. will be

B. meeting

C. the library

D. afternoon

⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?

A.Did

B. twins

C. have

D. breakfast

⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.

A. Tom

B. didn't

C.

do D. his homework

⑦ What I want to tell you is this.

A. want

B. to tell

C. you

D. is

⑧ We had better send for a doctor.

A. We

B. had

C. send

D. doctor

⑨ He is interested in music.

A. is

B. interested

C.

in D. music

⑩ Whom did you give my book to?

A.

give B.did

C. whom

D. book

(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语(10分,10分钟)

① My brother hasn't done his homework.

② People all over the world speak English.

③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

④ How many new words did you learn last class?

⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?

⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.

⑦ They made him monitor of the class.

⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.

⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.

⑩ They didn't know who"Father Christmas"really is.

(四) 挑出下列句中的表语(5分,5分钟)

① The old man was feeling very tired.

② Why is he worried about Jim?

③ The leaves have turned yellow.

④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.

⑤ She was the first to learn about it.

(五) 挑出下列句中的定语(6分,6分钟)

① They use Mr,Mrs with the family name.

② What is your given name?

③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.

④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.

⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!

(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语(6分,6分钟)

① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

② He asked her to take the boy out of school.

③ She found it difficult to do the work.

④ They call me Lily sometimes.

⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.

⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?

(七) 挑出下列句中的状语(8分,8分钟)

① There was a big smile on her face.

② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.

③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.

④ The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.

⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.

⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.

⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.

⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.

(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语(5分,5分钟)

① Please tell us a story.

② My father bought a new bike for me last week.

③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.

④ Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.

⑤ Did he leave any message for me?

(九)划分下列句子成分。

1. The students got on the school bus.

2. He handed me the newspaper.

3. I shall answer your question after class.

4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!

5. They went hunting together early in the morning.

6. His job is to train swimmers.

7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.

8. There is going to be an American film tonight.

9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.

10. His wish is to become a scientist.

11. He managed to finish the work in time.

12. Tom came to ask me for advice.

13. He found it important to master English.

14. Do you have anything else to say?

15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.

16. Would you please tell me your address?

17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.

18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.

19. He noticed a man enter the room.

20. The apples tasted sweet.

十大词类和八大句子成分(2句子成分)

一.句子成分详解一览表

二.专题练习 I.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分: 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say? 15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address? 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20. The apples tasted sweet. II分析下列 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city. 7. ---I than her,child .8. Tees turn green when comes.

2. 句子成分

第4节句子成分 学习目标 学会分析句子结构的步骤; 学会划分句子成分。 一、主语—句子要说明的对象(谓语动词所表示的动作的发出者) 1.定义 主语是句子叙述的主体,表示句子所说的对象“是谁”或“是什么”。 2.位置 1)在陈述句中,主语一般位于句首; We are good friends. 2)在祈使句中,主语往往被省略; Come here, please! (主语you被省略) 3)在There be句型中,主语be在之后; There are eight apples on the tree. 4)疑问句和倒装句中,一般在助动词、情态动词和动词之后。 Never shall I forget you. 3.主语通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句担任。 1)名词(包括地点名词和时间名词) Sunday is the first day of the week. Xi’an is an ancient city. Here are two photos of my family. (倒装句) There are three books under the desk. (倒装句) 2)代词(人称代词主格、指示代词、疑问代词和不定代词) He is one of my good friends. These are Tom’s parents. Who is speaking? Is everybody here? 3)数词 Two is enough. 4)名词化的形容词(或分词) The young should respect the old. The disabled should be respected. 5)不定式(短语) To see is to believe. To read in bed is a bad habit. 6)动名词(短语) Exercising every day is good for our health. 7)主语从句 What you are saying is useful for me. 二、谓语—说明主语“在做什么、做了什么、是什么或怎么样” 1.定义 谓语是说明主语的行为动作或所处的状态 ...............的成分。谓语动词在“人称和数”上要和主语保持一致, 这就是主谓一致 ....。谓语是英语句子的心脏。 2.位置 一般谓语主语之后;当“主.+系+表.”结构完全倒装 ....为“表.+系+主.”结构时,谓语在主语之前。

第2讲 句子成分

第二章句子成分 按句子的结构可分三种: 1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 简单句的五种基本句型 1、主语+系动词+表语:e.g. He is a student. 2、主语+不及物动词:e.g. We work. 3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。 3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. 这种学习方式能逐步提高自己理解长难句的能力。 1. Jordan was also in the United States Olympic Basketball Team, known as “the Dream Team”, which won the gold medal at the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. 【分析】 ①本句是一个主从复合句; ② Jordan was also … Team是主句; ③ known as “the Dream Team”是动词-ed形式短语作后置定语,修饰the United States Olympic Basketball Team; ④which引导非限制性定语从句,补充说明the United States Olympic Basketball Team,且在从句中作 ________语。 【句意】乔丹也是被称为“梦之队”的美国奥林匹克篮球队的成员,这支球队在1992年西班牙巴塞罗那奥运 会上夺取了金牌。 【仿写】格林一家决定在位于美国东部的被称为“大苹果”的纽约城定居。 _______________________________________________________ 2. They have fantastic stories to tell about Michael Jordan, such as the time when he rescued the Bulls from ending a game on a tie. 【分析】 ①本句是一个主从复合句。They have ... time是主句;when引导定语从句,先行词是________; ② to tell about Michael Jordan是动词不定式短语,修饰________。such as引出fantastic stories的同位语; ③ rescue ... from ... 意为“把……从……中救出来”。 【句意】他们可以讲述很多关于迈克尔·乔丹的传奇故事,例如一次他在比赛的关键时刻拯救了公牛队,从 而避免打成平局等等。

句子成分有六种

句子成分有六种——主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 一、主语、谓语 1、主语 多表示人或事物。作为被陈述的对象,在句首能回答“谁”或者“什么”等问题。例如:(1)今天晚上‖特别冷。 主语(偏正短语)谓语 (2) [明天这个时候],我们‖就可以走出戈壁滩了。 状语(时间)主语(代词)谓语 以动作、性状或事情做陈述的对象的主语句。例如: (1)笑‖是具有多重意义的语言。 主语(动词)谓语 (2)公正廉洁‖是公职人员行为的准则。 主语(形容词联合短语)谓语 2、谓语 是对主语的叙述、描写或判断,能回答主语“怎么样”或“是什么”等问题。(1)动词性词语经常做谓语。例如: 他‖[只]答应了<一声>。 主语谓语(状语+动词+补语) 南海一中‖留下<过>(许多人)的梦。 主语谓语(动词+补语+定语+宾语) 我‖[最近]去<了><一趟>北京。 主语谓语(状+动+补+宾) (2)形容词性词语也经常做谓语。例如: 太阳‖热烘烘的。 主语谓语(形容词+的) 人参这种植物,‖娇嫩<极了>。 主语谓语(形容词+补语) 说话‖[要]简洁<些>。 主语谓语(状语+形容词+补语) (3)主谓短语做谓语。例如: 这件事‖大家都赞成。 主语谓语(主谓短语) 任何困难‖她都能克服。 主语谓语(主谓短语)

大家的事情‖大家办。 主语谓语(主谓短语) (4)名词性词语做谓语。这种情况很少见,有一定的条件限制。可参考文言文中的判断句。例如:鲁迅‖浙江绍兴人。 主语谓语(名词短语) 明天‖教师节。 主语谓语(名词) 她‖大眼睛,红脸蛋。 主语谓语(定中短语,表容貌) 二、定语、状语、补语 1、定语 (1)描写性定语,多由形容词性成分充当。例如: (弯弯曲曲)的小河。青春气息。(风平浪静)的港湾。 (2)限制性定语:给事物分类或划定范围,使语言更加准确严密。例如: (晓风残月中)的长城。(野生)动物。(古城大理)的湖光山色。 (3)助词“的”:定语和中心语的组合,有的必须加“的”,有的不能加“的”,有的可加可不加。单音节形容词作定语,通常不加“的”,例如:(红)花、(绿)叶、(新)学校、(好)主意等。 双音节形容词作定语,常常加上“的”,特别是用描写状态的词,例如:(晴朗)的天、(优良)的传统、(动听)的歌声、(粉红)的脸等。 2、状语 (1)描写性状语:主要修饰谓词性成分,有的是描写动作状态,有些是限制或描写人物情态。例如: 他[突然]出现在大家面前。小李[很高兴]地对我说。 (2)限制性状语:主要表示时间、处所、程度、否定、方式、手段、目的、范围、对象、数量、语气等。例如: [午后],天很闷,风很小。[白]跑一趟。(方式)她的身上[净]是水。(净=全,表范围)(3)助词“地”:助词“地”是状语的标志。状语后面加不加“地”的情况很复杂。单音节副词做状语,一定不加,有些双音节副词加不加“地”均可,例如“非常热︰非常地热”。形容词里,单音节形容词做状语比较少,大都也不能加“地”,例如“快跑、苦练、大干”。多音节形容词有相当一部分加不加都可以,例如“热烈讨论︰热烈地讨论/仔细看了半天︰仔细地看了半天” 3、补语 (1)结果补语:表示动作、行为产生的结果,与中心语有因果关系,补语常用的是形容词,少数用动词。例如: 这个字写〈错〉了。她哭〈红〉了双眼。上课前十分钟你得叫〈醒〉我。 (2)程度补语:程度补语很少,限于用“极、很”和虚义的“透、慌、死、坏”等,表示达到

二(词性和句子成分)

湛江一中2016届高二级第二学期英语科艺术生辅导资料 词性和句子成分 高二()班学号:_______ 姓名:___________ 分数:__________ 句子主要成分:主语、谓语、宾语 写作离不开句子,要写好英语的句子,首先要了解英语的句子由哪些成分构成,能充当这些成分的各是什么词。 一、主语(subject):句子的主题 练习:(每题1分,共8分) 请找出下列句子的主语(下划单横线),并归纳总 1 The boy comes from America. 2 He usually goes to school alone. 3 Learning English is very important. 4 To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary. 5 That he won the prize excited everyone. 6 It is important for us to have our dreams. 7 It is obvious that he was wrong. 8 It is no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收) 归纳并记忆: 1 主语由什么词充当呢? 谁\ 什么:_________________ 做什么:_________________ 某件事:__________________ 2 主语一般放在什么位置? 一般情况下,句子的主语放于___________ , 但当句子的主语过长(由 _____________、_______________ 、_____________构成)时,为了使句子平衡, 避免头重脚轻,常用______ 放于句首,作形式主语,而把真正的主语置于 ________。 3 动词可以作主语吗? Play basketball is my favourite sport. 二谓语(verb) 说明主语的动作、状态、或者特征,由动词或动词词组充当,除了倒装情况,谓语总是谓语主语的后面,即:主语+谓语 练习:(每题1分,共6分) 找出下列句子的谓语(下划双横线)并指出谓语的构成:实义动词、连系动词+表语、情态动词+动词的原形、助动词+动词的适当形式

句子成分的名称及符号

句子成分的名称及符号 符号:主语= 谓语-宾语~ 定语()状语[ ] 补语< > ①句子的基本成分是:主语、谓语、宾语。 补充成分是:定语、状语、补语。 ②主语部分和谓语部分之间可用‖划开。 3.(1)划分句子成分,首先要研究主语、谓语、宾语。 主语:是谓语陈述的对象,指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。 谓语:是陈述主语,说明主语的,说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。 宾语:在动词后面,表示动作、行为所涉及的人或事物,回答“谁”或“什么”一类问题。 一、主语多表示人或事物,是句子里被陈述的对象,在句首能回答“谁”或者“什么”等问题。可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。主语是句子中的陈述对象,与英语语法也有相似之处。常常由名词、代词、或名词性短语充当。谓语性短语和主谓短语也可充当主语。例如: (1)今天晚上‖ 特别冷。主语(偏正短语)谓语 (2) [明天这个时候],我们‖就可以走出戈壁滩了。状语(时间)主语(代词)谓语以动作、性状或事情做陈述的对象的主语句。例如: (1)笑‖是具有多重意义的语言。主语(动词)谓语 (2)公正廉洁‖是公职人员行为的准则。主语(形容词联合短语)谓语 二、谓语是用来陈述主语的,能回答主语“怎么样”或“是什么”等问题。谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面。有一种说法说一个句子可以有主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、系语、表语等。还有一个说法是除了主语及其修饰的部分之外其余部分都是谓语。按照前一种说法,“我们家两口人。”中主语是“我们家”,宾语是“两口人”,谓语“有”被省略。按照后一种说法,“我们家两口人。”中主语是“我们家”,谓语包括被省略的述语“有”和宾语“两口人”。 按照前一种说法,一个句子根据其结构可以分成:叙事句、有无句、表态句、判断句等。 叙事句:主语+谓语,或者主语+谓语+宾语如:“我编辑维基百科”,或“我正在编辑”。 有无句:主语+谓语+宾语如:“我有维基百科的账号”。 表态句(也叫描写句):主语+表语如:“维基百科的内容不够全面”。 判断句:主语+断语如:“维基百科是一个互联网上的应用软件”。 (1)动词性词语经常做谓语。例如:他‖[只]答应了<一声>。主语谓语(状语+动词+补语)南海一中‖留下<过>(许多人)的梦。主语谓语(动词+补语+定语+宾语) 我‖[最近]去<了><一趟>北京。主语谓语(状+动+补+宾) (2)形容词性词语也经常做谓语。例如:太阳‖热烘烘的。主语谓语(形容词+的)人参这种植物,‖娇嫩<极了>。主语谓语(形容词+补语) (3)主谓短语做谓语。例如:这件事‖大家都赞成。主语谓语(主谓短语)

英语句子成分划分

一、句子成分的定义 句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个清晰完整的意思。一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语和补语。句子成分是在句子中起一定功用的组成部分,包括主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表等。句子本身的结构是很简单的,只不过是结构套结构。 二、句子成分划分的种类 句子成分划分主要是对句子中的词、短语和从句进行划分。 1.词的划分: 如:1)Xiao Ming bought a beautiful flower. 主谓定 定宾 2)What I said is that you are kind. 主从系表从 从句再分: what I said 宾主谓 that you are kind 连接词主系表

一般来说,根据词性来划分词在句子中充当的成分是比较容易的,如:名词可以在句子中充当主语,宾语,表语等。动词只能表示 谓语的各种形式;形容词多作定语和表语,用来描述人或事物的性质、 特征、状态等等。 2.短语划分: 划分词组在句子中充当的成分较词稍难,因为词组在句子中的位置不确定,单个词作定语的时候,一般放在所修饰词的前面,如cle ar water,而短语作定语时位置正相反,一定要放到所修饰词的后面 作后置定语,如the boy under the tree ( 树下的男孩),其中非 谓语动词短语作定语,其本身又表示一定的意义: 如:doing sth. 表示主动,进行的意思。 dong 表示被动完成的意思。 to do 放于句首表目的,作定语表示将来。 例:1)With the workers working in the factory, I paid a visit to it. 2) With the problem settled, I can go out to play. 3) To be energetic tomorrow, I’ll go to bed earlier tonigh t. 4) With the problem to solve, the newly elected Mayor will have a hard time. 句子1)中 working表示主动意义,其逻辑主语是workers,同时,根据句子的意思也表示进行的意义;句子2)中根据句意我们应

2.句子成分分析

句子成分分析 一.句子一般由两个部分组成:主语部分( subject group)及谓语部分( predicate group) ★ 句子成份:主·谓·宾·表·定·状·补 1) 主语(subject):句子的主体,全句述说的对象。一般由名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词或从句担任,常置于句首。 Eg: I like football. Reading is my favorite thing. What I should do now is to study hard. 2) 谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作或状态。由动词担任。常置于主语后。 Eg:The train leaves at 6 o’clock. 3) 宾语(object):表示vt.的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于vt.或prep.后。 Eg:He won the game. Tome lost his life in the big fire. 4) 表语(predicative):用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。由n.或adj.担任。置于系动词之后。Eg:He is a student. 除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词, ①表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等 ②表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go等 ③表延续的动词:remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等 5) 宾补(objective complement):补充说明宾语的情况,由n. /adj. /介宾 /分词 /不定式等担任。Eg:They made him king. I consider the book too expensive. 6) 定语(attributive)对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示,通常位于被修饰的成分前。 Eg:The black bike is mine. 注意1:当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something 等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语。 Eg:I tell him something interesting . 说明2:不定式、短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。 Eg:The boys in the room are from Class Ten. 7) 状语(adverbial):用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句, 位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。 Eg:I am very sorry. When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher .

现代汉语句子成分分析2

现代汉语句子成分分析教学案 教学目标]: 1、了解现代汉语句子成分的类型和划分成分的方法。 2、能正确划分各类句子成分。 [教学重点和难点]: 重点:各类句子成分的构成及认定 难点:正确划分句子成分 [教学过程] 一、复习: 1、短语类型:并列短语、偏正短语、主谓短语、动宾短语、补充短语(让学生回答) 2、指出下列短语属于哪类短语: 好得很去了几趟非常高兴工人农民爱祖 国发射成功应该帮助同学极其清楚明天星期六慢一点儿一扇神奇的大门二、学习新知识: (一)什么是句子 句子是由词或短语构成的,是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气,句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。我们今天要研究的是单句,要给他划分成分。如:张师傅修机器。(教师把此句写在黑板上,启发学生思考:如果没有语气的话,这是一个什么短语?师生共同分析短语的构成。加上语气后就是一个陈述句。“张师傅”是句中主语,主语是谓语的陈述对象,指明这句话说的是“谁”或“什么”的;明确了“修”是谓语,谓语是回答主语“怎样”或者“是什么”的;明确了“机器”是宾语,宾语表示动作涉及的人或事物的。) (二)句子成分的名称及符号 1、名称:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。(多媒体) 2、符号:主语 = 谓语-宾语~ 定语()状语 [ ] 补语 < >

①句子的基本成分是:主语、谓语、宾语。 补充成分是:定语、状语、补语。 ②主语部分和谓语部分之间可用‖划开。 (三)1、划分句子成分,首先要研究主语、谓语、宾语。 主语:是谓语陈述的对象,在句首能回答“谁”或者“什么”等问题,指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。主语可分为名词性主语和动词性、形容词性主语。名词性主语由名词性词语充当,包括名词、数词、名词性的代词和名词性短语,多表示人或事物。作为被陈述的对象,例如: (1)今天晚上‖特别冷。 主语(偏正短语)谓语 (2) [明天这个时候],我们‖就可以走出戈壁滩了。 状语(时间)主语(代词)谓语以动作、性状或事情做陈述的对象的主语句。例如: (1)笑‖是具有多重意义的语言。 主语(动词)谓语 (2)公正廉洁‖是公职人员行为的准则。 主语(形容词联合短语)谓语 谓语:是陈述主语,说明主语的,它的主要作用是对主语的叙述、描写或判断,说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语通常由动词、形容词短语充当,在一定条件下也用名词性词语充当,这跟主语的构成材料正好相反。用做谓语中心的动词、形容词等通常是句子结构和语义解释的中心,因此认准谓语中心以及它跟前后各成分的结构关系和意义关系就十分重要。 (1)动词性词语经常做谓语。例如: 他‖[只]答应了<一声>。 主语谓语(状语+动词+补语) 南海一中‖留下<过>(许多人)的梦。 主语谓语(动词+补语+定语+宾语) 我‖[最近]去<了><一趟>北京。 主语谓语(状+动+补+宾)

二句子成分和句子的主干

一、句子是由词或词组构成的,是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。 二、句子成分 句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语六种。 句子成分符号:主语= 谓语-宾语~定语()状语[ ] 补语<> 主语句子中的陈述对象,说明是谁或什么。经常由名词、代词、名词性短语充当=(双横线)我们是一列树。今年的春天来得太迟。 谓语对句子的主语作陈述的成分,说明主语是什么或怎么样。经常由动词、形容词充当。—(单横线)他是一个高而瘦的老人。妈妈突然问我。我们家的台阶低! 宾语谓语动词的支配成分,表示动作行为的对象、结果、处所、工具等。经常由名词、代词、名词性短语充当~(波浪线)敌人监视着苇塘。我们家盖了新房子。 补语谓语动词的补充成分,补充说明动作行为的情况、结果、时间、处所、数量等。一般补语与中心词之间有“得”字连接<> 水<起来>了。叶子绿得<发亮>。妈妈走<在前面>. 他在衣袋里摸了<半天>。 定语句子里名词中心语前面的修饰成分,说明事物的性质、状态,或限定事物的领属、质地、数量等。一般定语与中心词之间有“的”字连接。( )(圆括号) (我们家的)台阶有三级。(眼前的)环境好像是(一个)梦。(我国的)石桥有(悠久的)历史。 状语句子里动词或形容词中心语前面的修饰成分,表示动作行为的方式、状态、时间、处所或程度等。一般状语与中心词之间有“地”字连接。[ ](方括号) 画眉[在树林边婉转地]歌唱。天气[那么]暖和,[那么]晴朗。他[轻轻地]飞走了 三、成分划分小诀窍 1.绕口令 主干成分主谓宾,枝叶成分定状补。定语必居主宾前,谓前为状谓后补。状语有时位主前,逗号分开心有数。 2.划分句子的口诀:(1)句子成分要划对(2)纵观全局找主谓(3)主前定状谓后补(4)谓前只有状地位(5)“的”定“地”状“得”后补(6)宾语只受谓支配 四、提取句子主干 单句的主干,就是指单句的主语、谓语和宾语的中心语。“简缩法”就是提取单句主干的一种方法。简缩,是指删减单句的附加成分,如定语、状语和补语,保留其主干,(主谓宾或主谓),把原来复杂的单句简缩成更简单一些的单句。例如:①统筹方法,是一种安排工作进程的数学方法。主干:方法是方法。 用“简缩法”提取单句的主干,可分两步完成。第一步,划分出单句的基本成分主语、谓语和宾语;第二步,找出并删减单句的附加成分定语、状语和补语。 提取句子主干应注意以下几点: 1.句子主干是句子结构上的主干,主干提出来以后,要能不破坏句子主要意思。 2.碰到句中有否定词“不、没、没有”等的句子,要把否定词保留在句子主干中。如:我不看黄色书刊。主干:我不看书刊。 3.谓语中的能愿动词,一般也要保留。如:我们大家要学习他毫无自私自利之心的精神。主干:我们大家要学习精神。 4.主语、谓语、宾语的中心词是并列结构的,要把整个并列结构找出。 如:赵州桥高度的技术水平和不朽的艺术价值,充分显示了我国劳动人民的智慧和力量。主干:技术水平和艺术价值显示智慧和力量。 5.主谓短语作宾语的句子应把整个短语保留在主干里。

专题二 句子成分

专题二句子成分 主语分析下列句子,看看哪些可以作主语? 1. A light wind woke among the trees. 2.Nobody can help you except yourself. 3.Two thirds of them can play more than two musical instrument. 4.The rich are not always happier than the poor. 5.To go to bed early and to get up early is a good habit. 6.Travelling abroad is popular these years. 7.It is said that she is a promising player. 8.What we can’t get seems better than what we have. 宾语分析下列句子,看看哪些可以作宾语? 1.May I see your ticket, please? 2.Where did you buy it? 3.If you put 5 and 7 together, you’ll get 12. 4.We should help the poor. 5.Remember to tell him to come. 6.Please stop making noise. 7.Do you understand what I mean? 表语分析下列句子,看看哪些可以作表语? 1.Andrea is a student. 2.She often looks cheerful. 3.It’s surprising that you haven't met before. 4.My hobby is growing flowers. 5.My wish is to become an artist. 6.The fire was still on when we arrived. 7.They are at work now. 8.That is where the battle took place. 9.The fact is that she never knew the secret.

句子成分2句子结构 学案

自学指导一: 句子成分 (一)句子成分的定义:构成_____的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和_____语;次要成分有_______、_______、______、______、______和______。 (二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于______。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由以下等成分表示: During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(_____)We often speak English in class.(_________) One-third of the students in this class are girls.(__________) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(___________) Smoking does harm to the health.(__________) The rich should help the poor.(______________) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(__________) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作______主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式) (三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。______在句中作谓语,一般放在______之后。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students. (四)表语:表语用以说明______的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于_______(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语可由以下等成分表示:Our teacher of English is an American.(__________) Is it yours?(__________) The weather has turned cold.(___________) The speech is exciting.(____________) Three times seven is twenty one?(____________) His job is to teach English.(__________) His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(______________) The machine must be out of order.(______________) Time is up. The class is over.(_____________) The truth is that he has never been abroad. (五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于_________和______后面。表语可由以下等成分表示: They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(____________) The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(________)

初中英语句子成分讲解 (2)

初中英语句子成分讲解 一概述:句子成分 概念:组成句子的各个部分,即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语,主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。 主语:表示句子所说的是什么人或神秘物,一般由名词、代词或不定式,V-ing和从句充当。谓语:说明主语是什么,做什么或怎么样。由动词充当,主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。谓语动词存在多种时态,它是句子的核心。 表语:说明主语是说明或怎么样,由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、句子等充当。 宾语:表示动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式、V-ing、从句充当,和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。 定语:用来修饰名词或代词。由形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、从句充当。单词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或句子作定语放在被修饰才之后。 状语:用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、条件、目的、方式、程度等等。通常由副词、介词短语、不定式或句子充当。(若在同一句子中出现多个不同状语,常见的4个的顺序为:方式状语、目的状语、地点状语、时间状语。) Eg.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday 二详解 1.主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物。 1).名词 例如:A moon cake is a delicious, round cake. The first truck is carrying a few baskets. The temperature will stay above zero. The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully. China does not want to copy the USA’s example. 2).代词 例如:It’s a young forest. I don’t know if it will grow. That’s a bit expensive. You’d better buy a new pair. I’m afraid we haven’t got any black shoes. 3).数词 例如:One and two is three. One is not enough for me. I want one more. One of them is English. Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck. Two will be enough. 4).不定式(常以It’s adj. to do sth. 形式出现) 例如:To give is better than to receive =Its better to give. I found it difficult to get to sleep.

句子成分2

句子成分 一、句子成分 (一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:、 During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式) Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词) The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式) (三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students. (四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如: Our teacher of English is an American.(名词) Is it yours?(代词) The weather has turned cold.(形容词) The speech is exciting.(分词) Three times seven is twenty one?(数词) His job is to teach English.(不定式) His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词) The machine must be out of order.(介词短语) Time is up. The class is over.(副词) The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句) (五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如: They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词) The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词) How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词) They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词) He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语) I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语) I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句) 宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.

现代汉语语法句子成分 (2)

现代汉语语法专题选讲:句子成分及其分析 一、汉语句子成分: 句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语六种 主语:1、定义:主语:主语是句子中的陈述对象,说明是谁或什么。2、特点:A、经常由名词、代词、名词性短语充当。B、一般表示谓语所说的是“谁”或“什么”。3、符号:双行线。 谓语:1、定义:用来说明陈述主语。2、特点:A、经常由动词、形容词充当。 B、一般表示主语“怎么样”或“是什么”。3、符号:单行 线。 宾语:1、定义:表示谓语动词的涉及对象的语言单位。2、特点:A、经常由名词、代词、名词性短语充当。B、一般表示谓语“怎么样”或“是什么”。 3、符号:波浪线。 4、凡能愿动词,如“希望、想、可以、说”等词后面的一般都作宾语处理。定语:1、定义:用在主语和宾语前面,起修饰和限制作用的语言单位。2、特点:A、经常由名词、形容词、动词、代词充当。B、一般定语与中心词之间有“的”字连接。 3、符号:小括号()。 状语:1、定义:用在动词、形容词谓语前,起修饰和限制作用的语言单位。 2、特点:A、经常由副词、形容词、动词、表示处所和时间的名词和方位词充当。B、一般状语与中心词之间有“地”字连接。3、符号:中括号[ ]。 补语:1、定义:谓语后面的附加成分,对谓语起补充说明作用,回答“怎么样”、“多久”、“多少”(时间、处所、结果)之类问题的语言单位。 2、特点:A、经常由动词、形容词、副词充当。B、一般补语与中心词之间有“得”字连接。3、符号:单书名号〈〉。 一般完整的句子成分的排列为: (定语) 主语 [状语] 谓语 <补语> (定语) 宾语 句子成分符号:主语谓语-宾语定语()状语 [ ] 补语 < > 重要绕口令 主谓宾,定状补,主干枝叶分清楚。 主干成分主谓宾,枝叶成分定状补。 定语必居主宾前,谓前为状谓后补。

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