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新编简明英语语言学试卷精粹(10套卷)

第一部分选择题

I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2% 10=20%) x

1 、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.

A、prescriptive

B、sociolinguistic

C、descriptive

D、psycholinguistic

2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.

A、mouth

B、lips

C、tongue

D、vocal cords

3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n)

A、bound morpheme

B、bound form

C、inflectional morpheme

D、free morpheme

4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that

introduces the embedded clause.

A、coordinator

B、particle

C、preposition

D、subordinator 主从连词

5、"Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."

A、is synonymous with

B、is inconsistent with

C、entails

D、presupposes

6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___

A、semantics

B、pragmatics

C、sociolinguistics

D 、psycholinguistics

7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization 泛化.

A 、elaboration

B 、simplification 精简

C 、external borrowing

D 、internal borrowing

8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as

a medium of communication.

A 、Lingua franca 通用语

B 、Creole

C 、Pidgin

D 、Standard language 标准语言

9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .

A 、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus 角回

B 、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex

C 、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons

D 、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area

10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.

A、learning

competence

B、

performance

C、

D、acquisition

第二部分非选择题

II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter give n. (1% 10=10%)

11 、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k of the rules of his language.

12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b 13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.

14、 A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a

completestatement, question or command.

15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c synonyms.

16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said.

17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c .

18、Wherever the standard Ianguage can use a contraction (he+is Black Englishheds), d the form of "be".

19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for first language acquisition.

20、A s a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.

III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2% 10=20%) x

()21 、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.

()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English.

()23、The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings

of its components.

()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.

()25 、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English.

()26 、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is

being violated do conversational implicatures arise.

()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken today also includes languages that are not Indo-European.

()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech situations known as domains.

()29 、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, speakers' perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.

()30 、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language.

IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustrati on. (3% 10=30%)

31、duality

32、diachronic linguistics

33、broad transcription

34、morphological rules

35、phrase structure rule

36、relational opposites

37、componential analysis

38、context

39、euphemism

40、brain lateralization

V. An swer the followi ng questio ns. (10% 2=20%) x

41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in En glish for illustrati on.

42、Briefly discuss the in dividual factors which affect the acquisiti on of

a sec ond Ian guage.

英语语言学试题(2)

、单项选择题（在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分）

I.The pair of words A.gradable opposites C.co-hyp onyms "lend ” and “ borrow ”)are .(

B.relati onal opposites

D.synonyms

2. The discovery of Indo-European Ianguage family began with the work of the British scholar .( )

A. Jacob Grimm

B.Rasmus Rask

3.A lin guist regards the cha nges in Ian guage and Ian guage use as __.( )

A.unu sual

B.someth ing to be feared

C.ab no rmal

D.n atural

4.__produce fast and flue nt speech with good inton ati on and pronun ciati on but the content of their speech ran ges from mildly in appropriate to complete nonsen se,ofte n as unin telligible.( )

A. Broca's aphasic

B.The lin guistic deprivati on

C.The damage on the an gular gyrus

D.Wern icke's aphasic

5.Some Souther n lear ners of En glish in China tend to say “ ni ght as "light ” .This shows: .( )

A. They cannot pronounce/n/

B. ln terla ngue in terfere nee because there is no tthe sound /n/i n their mother ton gue

C. The teachers do not have a good teach ing method

D. They do not like to pronounce n asal sounds

6.A word with several mea nings is called __word.( )

A.a polysemous

B.a synonym ous

C.a n abno rmal

D.a multiple

C.Franz Bopp

D.Sir William Jones

7.The function of the sentence A nice day, isn't it? ) is __.(

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ba8127232.html,rmative

B.phatic

C.directive

D.performative

8. The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary.( )

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ba8127232.html,age

B.grammar

C.pronunciation

D.structure

9. __deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.( )

A.Linguistic geography

B.Lexicology

C.Lexicography

D.Sociolinguistics

10. The semantic components of the word

“ gentleman ” can be express)ed as __.(

A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult

B. +animate,+male,+human,+adult

C. +animate,-male,+human,-adult

D. +animate,-male,+human,+adult

二、填空题(每空 1 分，共10分)

11. ________________________________________________________________________ A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w ___________ to

form a complete statement,q ______ or command.

12.In sociolinguistic studies,speakers are treated as members of s__g ______ .

13. _________________________ Utterance is based on ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a

sentence in a real situation of communication,or simply in a context.

14. _________________________________________ To many people,a linguist is the same as a ,one who can speak several languages

fluently.

15. ___________________________________ Consonant sounds can be either v ________ or v__,while all vowel sounds are v ____________________ .

三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”错的写“F”，并说明理由。

每小题 2 分，共20 分)

16. All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( )

17. T ense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.(

19. T he part of a sentence which compriese comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called predicate.( )

20. Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.( )

21. The term dialect,as a technical term in linguistics,carries value judgement and not simply refers to a distinct form of language.( )

22. M orphology is translated as 形态学。( )

23. T he word “ photographically ” is made up of 4 morphem)es.(

24. The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.( )

25.Semantics is the main part of linguistics.( )

四、名词解释(每小题 3 分，共30 分)

26. g eneral linguistics

27. s uprasegmental features

28. r oot and stem

29. h ierarchical structure

30. n aming theory and conceptualist view

31. m axims of quality and manner

32. b lending

33. s ociolect

34. s ubvocal speech

新编简明英语语言学教程第二版整理

实用标准文案 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.Linguistics:语言学It is generally defined as the scientific study of language. ( Linguistics studies not any particular language ,but it studies language in general) 2.General linguistics:普通语言学The study of language as a whole is called general linguistics. (language is a complicated entity with multiple layers and facets ) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ba8127232.html,nguage:Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 4.descriptive (描述性):A linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use. 5.prescriptive(规定性): It aims to lay down rules for “correct and standard”　behaviors. i.e. what they should say and what they should not to say. 6.synchronic(共时语言学): the description of language at some point of time in hiatory 7.diachronic (历时语言学):the description of language as it changes through time 3) speech（口语）Writing（书面语） These the two media of communication. Modern linguistics regards the spoken language as primary, not the written. (speech is prior to writing) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ba8127232.html,ngue(语言): refers to abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of the speech community. It is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to abide by. Such as: In English sentence must have subject and predicate. 9.parole(言语):refers to the realization of langue in actual use. It is concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules. (Saussure ) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ba8127232.html,petence(语言能力): the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language 11.performance(语言应用):the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. (Chomsky) traditional grammar and modern linguistics 1.linguistics is descriptive,while traditional grammar is prescriptive 2.modern linguistics regards the spoken language as primary,not the writer. 3. also in that it does not force languages into a latin-based framework. Functions of language. 精彩文档

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Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. Characteristics: ①language is system,elements of language are combined according to the rules;

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