《英语语言学》练习题一

《英语语言学》练习题一

一、

I Indicate the following statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets:

1. In the phrases a herd of cattle, a flock of sheep, both cattle and sheep contain only one morpheme.

2. The meaning of compounds is always the sum of meaning of the compounds.

3. The Swiss linguist de Saussure regarded the linguistic sign as composed of sound image and referent.

4. Chinese is an agglutinating language.

5. Not all vowels are voiced.

6. If segments appear in the same position but the mutual substitution does not result in change of meaning, they are said to be in free variation.

7. A greenbottle is a type of bottle.

8. Productivity is the first and foremost striking feature of human language.

9. Language contains two subsystems, one of speaking and the other of writing.

10. Language can be used to refer to things real or imagined, past, present or future.

11. Modern linguistics is prescriptive rather than descriptive.

12. The study of speech sounds is called Phonology.

13. The voiceless bilabial stop in pin and the one in spin are in complementary distribution.

14. Tone is the variation of pitch to distinguish utterance meaning.

15. Compounding, the combination of free morphemes, is a common way to form words.

II Write the phonetic symbol that corresponds to the articulatory description.

Example: vowel front high [i:]

1.bilabial nasal

2.voiced labiovelar glide

3.literal liquid

4.voiced bilabial stop

5.front high lax

III Draw two tree diagrams of the following ambiguous sentence.

Pat found a book on Wall Street.

IV How would you read the phrases in the two columns? What does each of them mean?

Column I Column II

a. a bluebird a blue bird

b. a lighthouse keeper a light housekeeper

V.Explain the relation between bank1 (the side of a river) and bank2 (the financial institute).

VI.Tell the semantic relation within the given sentence and that between the two sentences.

a)My uncle is male.

b)The spinster is married.

c)Jim is an orphan. Jim lives with his parents.

d)Sam is the husband of Sally. Sally is the wife of Sam.

e)He has gone to London. He has gone to England.

VII.Answer the following questions:

a)How do sociolinguists classify the varieties of English?

b) What are the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle?

c) What are the components of metaphor?

二、

I、Fill in each of the following blanks with one word beginning with the letter given:

2.Modern linguistics is d__________ rather than prescriptive.

3.Consonants can be described in terms of p________ of articulation, manners of articulation, and

v_______.

4.A_________ are variants of the same phoneme in different phonetic contexts.

5.The smallest meaningful unit of language is called m________.

6.According to Saussure, a linguistic sign is composed of s________ and s_______.

7.General linguistics is based on the view that language as a system composed of three aspects: sound,

s________ and meaning.

8.Monophthongs and d_________ are two major types of vowels.

9.Sequences that are possible but do not occur yet are called a_________ gap, e.g. /blik/, /bilk/, /klib/, and

/kilb/.

10.M_________ and s________ make up two subsystems of language.

11.The language used to talk about language is called m___________.

12.According to M.A.K. Halliday, language plays three metafunctions simultaneously: the ideational

function, the i________ function and the t__________ function.

II、For each group of sounds listed below, state the phonetic feature(s) then share:

Example: [s] [f] [p] [h] voiceless

1、[g] [z] [d]

2、[v] [h] [s]

3、[m] [p] [b] [f] [v]

4、[t] [d] [n] [l] [s] [z]

5、[i:] [i] [u] [u:]

III、Explain the ambiguity of the following sentences.

a.This is a beautiful girl’s dress.

b.Those who went there quickly made a fortune.

IV. How would you read the phrases in the two columns? What does each of them mean?

Column I Column II

a. The White House a white house

b. a redcoat a red coat

V. Draw tree diagrams for the following two sentences:

1、A clever magician fooled the audience.

2、The tower on the hill collapsed in the wind.

VI. Answer the following questions:

1、What is reference and what is sense ? How are they related ?

2、What are the features of metaphors?

3、How do you distinguish homonymy from polysemy?

《英语语言学》练习题二

一、

I、Indicate the following statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets: ( ) 1. The Swiss linguist de Saussure regarded the linguistic sign as composed of sound image and referent. ( ) 2. Chinese is an agglutinating language.

( ) 3. Not all vowels are voiced.

( ) 4. If segments appear in the same position but the mutual substitution does not result in change of meaning, they are said to be in free variation.

( ) 5. A greenbottle is a type of bottle.

( ) 6. Productivity is the first and foremost striking feature of human language.

( ) 7. Language contains two subsystems, one of speaking and the other of writing.

( ) 8. Language can be used to refer to things real or imagined, past, present or future.

( ) 9. Modern linguistics is prescriptive rather than descriptive.

( ) 10. The study of speech sounds is called Phonology.

( ) 11. The voiceless bilabial stop in pin and the one in spin are in complementary distribution.

( ) 12. Tone is the variation of pitch to distinguish utterance meaning.

( ) 13. Compounding, the combination of free morphemes, is a common way to form words.

( ) 14. Pragmatics is concerned with speaker meaning.

( ) 15. The reference of a deixis to a preceding expression is technically termed cataphoric reference.

II、Transcribe the sound represented by the underlined letter(s) in the words and then describe it.

Example: heat [i:] vowel front high

a)photo

b)write

c)car

d)actor

e)city

III、Consider the following words and answer the questions below:

a)finger

b)disgraceful

c)stepsister

d)psycholinguistics

e)antidisestablishmentarianism

i. Tell the number of morphemes in each word.

ii. Underline the free morphemes in each word where possible to do so.

IV、Draw tree diagrams to show the ambiguity in the following sentence:

They can fish.

V、Data Analysis:

1）What is the illocution of A’s utterance in the following brief encounter?

A: You are in a non-smoking zone, sir.

B: Thanks (extinguishing the cigarette).

2）What kind of pre-sequence is A’s first utterance? (Hint: A and B are two secretaries working in the same office.)

A: Are you going to be here long?

B: You can go if you like.

A: I’ll just be outside. Call me if you need me.

B: OK.

VI Answer the following questions

1．What are the components of metaphor?

2．What is the difference between linguistic competence and communicative competence?

3．What is the difference between referential meaning and associative meanings of words?

二、

I. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word beginning with the letter given:

1．Chinese is a typical t________ language. M(mother), m(hemp) m(horse) m(scold), for example, are four distinguished words.

2．The total number of words stored in the brain is called l_______, which can be understood as a mental dictionary.

3．Words like went, which is not related in form to indicate grammatical contrast with the root, are called s_____. 4．S_________ is defined as the study of meaning.

5．S_________ are words which have different forms but similar meanings.

6．M_________ and s________ make up two subsystems of language.

7．The language used to talk about language is called m___________.

8．According to M.A.K. Halliday, language plays three metafunctions simultaneously: the ideational function, the i________ function and the t__________ function.

9．Modern linguistics is d__________ rather than prescriptive.

10．Consonants can be described in terms of p________ of articulation, manners of articulation, and v_______. 11．A_________ are variants of the same phoneme in different phonetic contexts.

12．The smallest meaningful unit of language is called m________.

II. For each group of sounds listed below, state the phonetic feature(s) they share:

Example: [s] [f] [p] [h] voiceless

a)[g] [z] [d]

b)[v] [h] [s]

c)[m] [p] [b] [f] [v]

d)[t] [d] [n] [l] [s] [z]

e)[i:] [i] [u] [u:]

III. Identify the difference between a greenhouse and a green house, and the difference between a sleeping car and a sleeping baby.

IV. Define the following terms, giving examples for illustration:

a) Allophone

b)Variety

V. Draw tree diagrams for the following two sentences: (10%)

1. A clever magician fooled the audience.

2. The tower on the hill collapsed in the wind.

VI. Try to think of contexts in which the following sentences can be used for other purposes than just stating facts:

1. The room is messy.

2. It would be good if she had a green skirt on.

VII. Answer the following questions:

1.What is reference and what is sense? How are they related?

2.What are the three metafunctions that language plays according

to M. A. K Halliday?

小壁虎借尾巴练习题一.docx

一、看拼音，写词语。 二、照样子填空，再读一读。 小鱼（游）来（游）去壁虎（）来（）去 燕子（）来（）去小狗（）来（）去 三、给加点的字选择正确读音。 四、连线。 小鱼甩尾巴掌握方向 黄牛摇尾巴赶蝇子 燕子摆尾巴拨水 五、组词。 六、给句子加标点符号。 1．小壁虎想向谁去借一条尾巴呢 2．小鱼说不行啊我要用尾巴拨水呢 3．小壁虎借不到尾巴心里很难过 七、选词填空。 啊阿 1．王（）姨是妈妈的好朋友。 2．这朵花多美（）！ 参考答案： 一、直角，姐姐，好啊，甩尾巴，老伯，啊 二、爬，爬，飞，飞，跑，跑 三、壁（bì）蛇（shé）摇（yáo） 参考答案： 五、角（角度，牛角，直角）难（困难，难过，难处）甩（甩手，甩开，甩卖）虎（老虎，虎口，虎将） 六、1．，？2．：“，。”3．，。 七、1．阿2．啊 《小壁虎借尾巴》练习题 一、拼一拼，写一写。 yìtiáo héjièdōnɡxi jiějie （）（）（） nǎli zhènɡzài fānɡxiànɡ （）（）（） 二、比一比，再组词。 借（）逃（）难（）姐（） 错（）桃（）推（）组（）

河（）哪（）新（）蛇（） 何（）那（）亲（）它（） 三、填上合适的词语 _____来_____去_____来_____去 _____来_____去_____来_____去 小鱼（游）来（游）去壁虎（）来（）去 燕子（）来（）去小狗（）来（）去 四、填上合适的量词。 一（）大树一（）小河一（）尾巴 一（）蛇一（）黄牛一（）燕子 一（）壁虎一（）泉眼 五、填一填，读一读。 1、小壁虎向_______-------、_______和_______借尾巴，尾巴没借着，自己又长出了一条_______。 2、小鱼要用尾巴_______，老牛要用尾巴_________，燕子要用尾巴__________。小壁虎的尾巴断了还会再_______一条新尾巴。 六、给句子加上标点。 1、小壁虎在墙角捉蚊子（）一条蛇咬住了它的尾巴（） 2、没有尾巴多难看哪（） 3、您把尾巴借给我行吗（）人教版《小壁虎借尾巴》同步习题 一、组词。 二、给句子加标点符号。 1．小壁虎想向谁去借一条尾巴呢 2．小鱼说不行啊我要用尾巴拨水呢 3．小壁虎借不到尾巴心里很难过 三、选词填空。 啊阿 1．王（）姨是妈妈的好朋友。

英语语言学试题及答案

英语语言学试题（1） I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.

英语语言学总结

第一章 All languages have three major components: a sound system, a system of lexicogrammar and a systm of semantics. 语音系统，词汇语法系统和语义系统。 Language is a means of verbal communication. Design Features of language: the features that define our human languages. 决定了语言性质特征叫定义特征 Design Features: Arbitratiness(任意性)：the froms of liguistic signs bear no natural relationsip to their meaning.语言符号的形式与所表示的意义没有天然的联 系。 1\ Arbitrary relationship between the sound of a morpheme and ists meaning语素音义关系的任意性 2\ Arbitrariness at the syntactic level 句法层面上的任意性。 Syntactic: the sentences are constructed according to the grammar of arrangement. 句法学，是依据语法规定构建句子结 构的方法。 3\ Arbitrariness and convention 任意性和规约性 Duality（二层性）: is meant the propertry of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization. 二层性是指拥有两层结构的这种特 性，上层结构的单位底层结构的元素构成，每层都有自身的组合 规则。 Sound-the only function is to combine with one another to form units that have meaning相互组合构成有意义的单位。 Creativity（创造性）：is resourceful because of its duality and its recursiveness. 源于二层性和递归性 Displacement(移位性)：human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present at the moment of communication.人类语言可以让使用者在交往 时用语言符号代表时间上和空间上并不可及的物体时间或 观点。比如现在说孔子。 语言功能： 1. informative, also called ideational function. 信息功能也叫概念功能 2) Performative施为功能，is to change the social status of persons. 改变人 的社会地位，比如仪式。 3) Emotive Function感情功能 4) Phatic communion寒暄功能 5) Recreational Function娱乐功能

大学英语语言学练习题

I. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only. 1. Clear ［1］and dark [?] are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in c omplementary distribution. (P24) 2. M orphology is the smallest meaningful unit of language. (P32) 3. Consonant sounds can be either?voiceless or voiced, while all v owel sounds are voiced. (P16) 4. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the C ooperative?principle proposed by J. Grice. (P86-87) 5.??Language exists in time and changes through time. The description of a language at some point of time is called a s ynchronic study of language. (P4) 6.?An essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether the air coming up from the lungs meets with any o bstruction when a sound is produced. (P18) 7.?XP may contain more than just X. For example, the NP “the boy who likes this puppy” consists of Det, N and S, with Det being the s pecifier, N the head and S the complement. (P46) 9.??While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an u tterance is concrete and context-dependent. (P70) 11. P sycholinguistics relates the study of language to psychology. It aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when people use language. (P70) 12. A d iachronic study of language is a historical study, it studies the historical development of language over a period of time. (P70) 13. Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, or two levels. At the lower level, there is a structure of meaningless sounds, which can be combined into a large number of meaningful units at the higher level. This design feature is called d uality. (P70) 14. The articulatory apparatus of a human being is contained in three important areas: the pharyngeal cavity, the o ral cavity and the nasal cavity. (P15) 16. S uprasegmental features such as stress, tone and intonation can influence the interpretation of meaning. (P70) 18. H omonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. (P70) 19. The three branches of phonetics are labeled as a rticulatory phonetics, auditory phonetics and acoustic phonetics respectively. (P15)

英语语言学讲解

《英语语言学概论》课程教学大纲 一、课程说明: 《语言学概论》课程是英语专业本科阶段的一门必修课。 《语言学概论》研究始于20 世纪初，其目的是揭示人类深层结构，对语言和语言交际作出客观、科学描述。现已形成了语音学、音系学、形态学、句法学、语义学、语用学等一系分支学科。语言学研究社会学等人文学科的结合逐步形成了社会语言学这样的交叉学科。 对于主修语言学的学生来说，了解语言学的知识和语言理论是完全必要和有益的。 本课程的对象是英语专业高年级学生，在本科阶段第6学期和第7 学期开设。其中第一、二、三、四、五、七、八、十一章为必修，其余章节为选修。 二、教学目的及要求: 本课程的具体要求是：比较全面，系统地了解《语言学概论》这一领域的研究成果，以及一些最主要、最有影响的语言理论和原则，从而加深对人类语言这一人类社会普遍现象的理性认识，并具备一定的运用语言学理论解释语言现象、解决具体语言问题的能力。 本课程是一门知识性比较强的课程。在教学过程中，应重点讲授主要理论、原则、和研究方法，使学生着重掌握基本概念和基本理论，在理解消化的基础上记忆。 本课程的对象是英语专业学生，在讲解过程中原则上采用英语范例，但不排除一些有助于学习者理解的、针对性强的汉语例子。应鼓 励学生结合自己的语言实践提供更多的例子来解释相关理论，以达到理论和实践相结合的目的。

三、教学重点与难点: 本课程的教学重点是语言学的基本知识和基本理论，语音学、词汇学、句法学、语义学和语用学这些语言学的核心内容。 本课程的教学难点是音韵学理论、句法结构和各个语言学流派的理论观点及其局限性。 四、与其它课程的关系: 本课程是一门主干性课程。与其相关的课程，如语法学、词汇学和语体学等都是语言学的分支，属于选修课程。 五、学时与学分: 学时：72学时 学分：4学分 六、教学内容： 第一章绪论 本章主要教学内容: 1．语言学习的意义 2．语言的定义。 3．语言的定义特征 4．语言的起源。 5．语言的功能。 6．语言学的定义。 7．语言学的核心内容。 8．宏观语言学的定义及分支。

21.小壁虎借尾巴课后练习题及答案

21 小壁虎借尾巴 基础过关 一、把b ǎ下xi à列li è字z ì的de 音y īn 节ji é补b ǔ充ch ōn ɡ完w án 整zh ěn ɡ。 ___i áng ___u àn ___ín ___ǎn ___ǎ 二、读d ú句j ù子z ǐ，写xi ě生sh ēn ɡ字z ì。 ji ě jie c ǎo zhu ō 在拔 ，我在河边 鱼。 三、选xu ǎn 字z ì填ti án 空k ōn ɡ，（只zh ǐ填ti án 序x ù号h ào ）。 1.向谁去借一条尾巴________。 2.把你的橡皮借给我用一下可以______? 3.我长出一条新尾巴_______! 4.没有尾巴多难看______！ 四、把b ǎ能n én ɡ组z ǔ成ch én ɡ词c í语y ǔ的de 生sh ēn ɡ字z ì连li án 起q ǐ来l ái 。 五、照zh ào 样y àn ɡ子z ǐ把b ǎ词c í语y ǔ补b ǔ充ch ōn ɡ完w án 整zh ěn ɡ。 小鱼（游）来（游）去 哥哥（ ）来（ ）去 燕子 墙 断 您 赶 傻 燕子（ ）来（ ）去 壁虎（ ）来（ ）去 ①吗 ②呢 ③哪 ④啦 蚊 咬 断 水 拨水 转 子 走 您 赶 身 好

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英语语言学练习题(含答案))

Ⅰ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: 1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 2. Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general. 3. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks. 4. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts. 5. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole. 6. General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other are as, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and me thods applicable in any linguistic study. 7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. 8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaning ful sentences. 9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to fo rm words is called morphology. 10. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only st udies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences. 11. The study of meaning in language is known as semantics. 12. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings. 13. Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies

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小壁虎借尾巴 基础过关 一、把b ǎ下xi à列li è字z ì的de 音y īn 节ji é补b ǔ充ch ōn ɡ完w án 整zh ěn ɡ。 ___i áng ___u àn ___ín ___ǎn ___ǎ 二、读d ú句j ù子z ǐ，写xi ě生sh ēn ɡ字z ì。 ji ě jie c ǎo zhu ō 在拔 ，我在河边 鱼。 三、选xu ǎn 字z ì填ti án 空k ōn ɡ，（只zh ǐ填ti án 序x ù号h ào ）。 1.向谁去借一条尾巴________。 2.把你的橡皮借给我用一下可以______? 3.我长出一条新尾巴_______! 4.没有尾巴多难看______！ 四、把b ǎ能n én ɡ组z ǔ成ch én ɡ词c í语y ǔ的de 生sh ēn ɡ字z ì连li án 起q ǐ来l ái 。 五、照zh ào 样y àn ɡ子z ǐ把b ǎ词c í语y ǔ补b ǔ充ch ōn ɡ完w án 整zh ěn ɡ。 小鱼（游）来（游）去 哥哥（ ）来（ ）去 燕子 墙 断 您 赶 傻 燕子（ ）来（ ）去 壁虎（ ）来（ ）去 ①吗 ②呢 ③哪 ④啦 蚊 咬 断 水 拨水 转 子 走 您 赶 身 好

能力提升 六、给ɡěi 下xi à列li è的de 词c í语y ǔ排p ái 队du ì，组z ǔ成ch én ɡ通t ōn ɡ顺sh ùn 的de 句j ù子z ǐ。（只zh ǐ填ti án 序x ù号h ào ） 1.①吃草 ②老牛 ③树下 ④在 _______________________________________________________ 2.①把借尾巴 ②小壁虎 ③告诉了 ④的事 ⑤妈妈 ________________________________________________________ 七、下xi à列li è动d òn ɡ物w ù的de 尾w ěi 巴b ā各ɡè有y ǒu 什sh én 么me 用y òn ɡ处ch ù？根ɡēn 据j ù课k è文w én 内n èi 容r ón ɡ连li án 一y ì连li án 。 1. 2. 3. 八、课k è外w ài 阅yu è读d ú屋w ū。 壁b ì虎h ǔ为w èi 什sh én 么me 能n én ɡ在z ài 墙qi án ɡ上sh àn ɡ爬p á来l ái 爬p á去q ù 细x ì心x īn 小xi ǎo 朋p én ɡ友y ǒu 会hu ì发f ā现xi àn 壁b ì虎h ǔ有y ǒu 个ɡè绝ju é招zh āo ：它t ā能n én ɡ在z ài 光ɡu ān ɡ滑hu á的de 墙qi án ɡ壁b ì和h é房f án ɡ顶d ǐn ɡ上sh àn ɡ自z ì由y óu 自z ì在z ài 地d ì爬p á来l ái 爬p á去q ù，却qu è不b ú会hu ì落lu ò下xi à来l ái 。这zh è是sh ì为w èi 什sh én 么me 呢ne ？ 我w ǒ们m én 看k àn 看k ān 它t ā的de 四s ì肢zh ī的de 每m ěi 个ɡe 趾zh ǐ，就ji ù明m ín ɡ白b ái 了le 。原yu án 来l ái ，壁b ì虎h ǔ的de 每m ěi 个ɡe 趾zh ǐ上sh àn ɡ 都d ōu 长zh ǎn ɡ着zhe 一y ì条ti áo 条ti áo 深sh ēn 沟ɡōu ，这zh è些xi ē深sh ēn 沟ɡōu 不b ù仅j ǐn 能n én ɡ增z ēn ɡ加ji ā趾zh ǐ与y ǔ光ɡu ān ɡ滑hu á表bi ǎo 面mi àn 之zh ī间ji ān 的de 摩 m ó擦c ā，还h ái 能n én ɡ将ji ān ɡ身sh ēn 体t ǐ吸x ī附f ù在z ài 光ɡu ān ɡ滑hu á的de 表bi ǎo 面mi àn 上sh àn ɡ，这zh è样y àn ɡ就ji ù使sh ǐ它t ā无w ú论l ùn 怎z ěn 么me 活hu ó动d òn ɡ，也y ě不b ú至zh ì于y ú掉di ào 下xi à来l ái 。它t ā的de 这zh è种zh ǒn ɡ特t è殊sh ū结ji é构ɡòu 与y ǔ它t ā的de 生sh ēn ɡ活hu ó方f ān ɡ式sh ì是sh ì十sh í分f ēn 适sh ì应y ìn ɡ。 1.把相对应的词语连起来。 细心的 光滑的 自由自在地 爬来爬去 小朋友 墙壁 2.用“_____”在文中画出小壁虎为什么能在墙上爬来爬去？ 订正栏 掌握方向 赶蝇子 拨水

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英语语言学练习题 Supplementary exercises Chapter 1 Introduction Ⅰ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: 1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 2. Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general. 3. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks. 4. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts. 5. General linguistics is generally the st udy of language as a whole. 6. General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study. 7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. 8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences. 9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is calle d morphology. 10. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences. 11. The study of meaning in language is known as semantics. 12. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings. 13. Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context. 14. Social changes can often bring about language changes. 15. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society. 16. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. 17. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar. 18. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time. 19. Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the written language. 20. The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure. Ⅱ. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the lette r given: 21. Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s k__________ of the rules of his language. 22. Langue refers to the a__________ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech communi t y while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules. 23. D_________ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units. 24. Language is a system of a_________ vocal symbols used for human communication. 25. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s________. 26. Human capacity for language has a g_______ basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned. 27. P _______ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.

陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》(章节题库 第2章 英语语音)【圣才出品】

第2章英语语音 Ⅰ.Fill in the following blanks: 1.The sound/p/can be described with“_____,bilabial,stop”.（北二外2007研）【答案】voiceless 【解析】/p/是双唇音，爆破音，清音。 2.The sound/b/can be described with“_____,bilabial,stop”.（北二外2004研）【答案】voiced 【解析】/b/是双唇音，爆破音，浊音。 3.Consonant articulations are relatively easy to feel.And as a result are most conveniently described in terms of_____and manner of articulation.（北二外2004研） 【答案】place 【解析】辅音根据发音方式和发音部位进行分类。 4._____are produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert,impede,or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.（中山大学2006研） 【答案】Consonants 【解析】发音时，声道的某些部位受到压缩或阻碍后，使得气流在口腔里转向、受阻或完全

被阻塞而产生的音叫做辅音。 5.The present system of the_____derives mainly from one developed in the1920s by the British phonetician,Daniel Jones(1881—1967),and his colleagues at University of London.（中山大学2008研） 【答案】cardinal vowels 【解析】基本元音是指一系列约定俗成、固定不变的元音特质，目的是为语言中实际存在的元音描述提供一个参照框架。 6.Phonetic similarity means that the_____of a phoneme must bear some phonetic resemblance.（中山大学2011研） 【答案】allophones 【解析】语音的相似性指一个音位的音位变体必须具备某些语音相似性。 7.The sound/k/can be described with“voiceless,_____,stop”.（北二外2003研）【答案】velar 【解析】/k/是清音，软腭音，爆破音。 8._____transcription should transcribe all the possible speech sounds,including the minute shades.（北二外2004研） 【答案】Narrow 【解析】当我们用复杂的符号精确地标记语音所有可能的细小变化时，我们称之为“严式转