电气工程及其自动化专业英语期末复习资料整理
This simple circuit made up of a source,a load and two wires is seldom,if ever,met with in practice.Practical circuits may contain a large number of sources and loads interconnected in a variety of ways.
这种由一个电源、一个负载和两根导线组成的简单电路，在实践中即使能碰到也是很少见的。实际电路可能包括许多按不同方式连接的电源和负载。
The direction of current flow may be shown either by a hollow arrowhead or by supplying the current symbol with a double subscript whose first digit identifies the junction at a higher potential and the second (省略了identifies) the junction at a lower potential.
电流的方向既可用一个空心箭头来表示，又可用带有双下标的电流符号来表示，且第一个下标认定为高电位点，第二个下标为低电位点。
In a potential-distribution diagram it is represented(on a suitable scale)by the slope of the respective curve at any point,the slope being defined as the tangent of the angle that the line tangent to the curve at that point make with the x-axis.
在电势分布图中，电流由曲线上该点相应的斜率表示，斜率定义为切线与x 坐标轴夹角的正切。 It follow that the r.m.s.(effective) value of an alternating current is numerically equal to the magnitude of the steady direct current that would produce the same heating effect in the same resistance and over the same period of time.
由此得出：交流电流的均方根（有效值）大小上等于在相同电阻上和同一时间内产生相同的热效应的恒稳直流电流。
The operational voltage amplifier is represented schematically by the triangular symbol .A0 is the voltage gain from differential input to single-endrd output and is always a positive number . Phase reversals are taken into account at the input terminal ，which is the reason why these are labeled”+”and”-”. The voltage at each terminal ，including the output ,may be referred to common reference ,usually ground ,and unless otherwise stated ,this common reference will be assumed .
Thus ,letting V(+) represent the voltage of the positive input terminal with respect to the common reference ,and V(-),that of the negative input terminal ,we may define the differential input voltage as )()(--+?V V V id ,and the output voltage is id V A V 00=.
电压运算放大器可用三角形符号来表示。A0表示从差动输入端到单一输出端的电压增益，并恒为正值。考虑到在输入端可能会有反相输入的情况，所以要标上“+”号与“-”号。每个端口包括端口的输出端口的电压，都可以选一个共同的参考点，通常选大地，除非另有说明，否则所假定的参考点就是地。这样，用V(+)代表正向输入端对参考点的电压，而V(-)则代表负向输入端对参考点的电压，我们可以将差动输入电压定义为)()(--+?V V V id ，输出电aa 压id V A V 00=。 The significance of this result is that the terminal voltage gain ,which is the usable voltage gain , is independent of the parameters of the amplifier ,and depends only on the external component R1 and 这个结论的意义在于端电压增益（这是很有用的电压增益）与放大器的参数无关，而只取决于外部元件R1和R2。
A truth table is a list of all of the possible input variable state combinations of a circuit listed in binary-sequential order with the corresponding output state for each combination listed in an adjacent column.Table1 shows the binary numbers corresponding to the decimal numbers from zero to fifteen.
真值表是这样的一个表格，电路中可能输入的所有不同状态组合按二进制顺序连续排列，输出状态与输入端的每种组合一一对应，表1表示了与十进制0~15一一对应的二进制数。
The truth table is used as the beginning point in designing or analyzing a logic circuit .The sequential listing makes it easy to recognize if any input combinations were missed. It is made up of either from the problem specifications or by sequential testing of an assembled circuit. A logic equation can be formulated from the truth table and a logic circuit can be developed from the equation. Truth tables
are used in defining the basic AND,OR and NOT functions below
在设计或分析一个逻辑电路时，首先要列写真值表。这种连续的表格很容易辨认出是否遗漏了任何一种组合，她可有问题的具体情况或对一集成电路进行连续测试来建立。由真值表可建立逻辑等式，由此等式就可构造一逻辑电路。在下面定义基本逻辑“与”、“或”和“非”的函数中就用到了真值表。
The logic AND function can be expanded to any number of inputs ,simply by applyingthe basic definition.Thus a 5-input logic AND gate will produce an output only if the input combination ABCDE=11111 exists,and providing the physical circuit will still function properly with that many input attached.
只要运用基本定义，逻辑与函数便可扩展到任意一个输入。因此一个五输入的逻辑与门只有在ABCDE=11111且具体电路与那些连接的输入量有恰当的函数关系时才等于一。
Today motion control is an area of technology that embraces many diverse disciplines,such as electrical machines,power semiconductor devices, converter circuits,dedicated hardware signal electronics,control theory,and microcomputers,more recently,t he advent of VLSI/ULSI circuits and sophisticated computer-aided design techniques has added new dimensions to the technology.
当今世界的运动控制是这么一个综合性的技术领域，其包括诸如电机、电力半导体装置、转换器电路、专门的硬件信号电子学、控制理论、微型计算机等方方面面的众多技术领域。最近出现的超大规模集成电路，甚至特大规模集成电路，再加上日渐程序的计算机辅助设计技术出现，又进一步拓宽了运动控制技术领域新的运用范围。
Mechanical motion control systems found widespread acceptance in industry since the invention of the steam engine started the first industrial revolution in eighteenth century,when mass industry manufacturing replaced manual labor.
18世纪蒸汽机的发明开启了第一次工业革命，当时大规模的工业生产化代替了手工劳动，从此以后，运动机械的运动控制系统便在工业领域得到广泛地应用。
The concept of computer-integrated manufacturing(CIM),in which business decisions are translated to designs, which are then translated to manufacturing through a hierarchy of computers and motion control systems, will become a reality in the near future.
计算机集成制造的概念，将在不远的将来成为现实，所谓计算机集成制造，就是首先将商务决策转化为产品设计，然后又通过计算机和运动控制系统将其转化为产品制造
Bernd M.Baumann has demonstrated the suitability of fuzzy control techniques for the power-train management of hybrid electric vehicles.However,his operation strategy represents how the individual components of the drive train will interact with one another,and emphasizes the means for controlling the power flow, such as t ransmissions or clutches, and dependency of the components on each other.
Bernd Baumann已经证明了模糊控制技术对混合式电动车的传动的控制是适宜的。然而，更重要的是其在文中说明了，在驱动系统的整个链条中各部件将会是怎样相互作用的，以及在诸如传递或提取功率这样的过程中的控制的方法，还有系统中各部件之间的相互依存的关系。
The direct-axis synchronous reactance is the ratio of the fundamental component of reactive armature voltage, due to the fundamental direct-axis component of armature current,to this component of current under steady-state conditions and at rated frequency.
同步电机的直轴同步电抗，是由电枢反应电流的直轴基波分量所产生的电枢反应基波电压与额定频率稳态条件下的基波电流分量的比值
Major data acquisition and control elements found in substation automation and their typical relationship to each other and to corporate data infrastructure. Regardless of size and complexity of the network, the basic element of substation automation are generally those described in the following subsections.主要的数据采集和控制元件，是变电所自动化，及其相互之间的，还有其他共同数据底层之间的通常关系的基础。无论网络的规模和复杂程度如何，变电所综合自动化系统的基本要素不外乎如下几点。
The purpose of a power system is to deliver the power the customers require in real time, on demand, within acceptable voltage and frequency limits, and in a reliable and economic manner. In normal operation of a power system ,the total power generation is balanced by the total load and transmission losses. The system frequency and voltage on all the buses are within the required limits, while no overloads on lines or equipment are resulted .However ,loads ………
电力系统运行的目的就是一旦用户需要，便能以适时的、可靠的、经济的方式，向用户按其所要求的电压和频率的范围提供其所需的电力。在电力系统正常运行时，其所发总电量与负荷及输电损耗之和是相平衡的。由于线路和设备没有出现过载，因而系统中的所有母线的电压和频率均在所需的范围之内。然而，负荷总是经常在或大或下的变化，因而必须采取一定控制手段，以使电力系统维持在一个稳定而经济的运行状态。
Power system control is very important issue to maintain the normal operation of a system.System voltage levels,frequency,tie-line flows,line currents,and equipment loading must be kept within limits determined to be safe in order to provide satisfactory service to the power system customers.
翻译：电力系统控制是维持电力系统正常运行非常重要的问题。为了给电力系统的用户提供令人满意的服务，系统的电压、频率、连接线处的涌流、线电流，以及设备负荷率，必须要限制在安全的范围之内。
AGC is an effective means for power and frequency control in large-scale power systems. In an interconnected power system, the primary objectives of AGC are to regulate frequency to the specified nominal value and to maintain the interchange power between control areas at the scheduled values by adjusted the output of the selected generators. This function is commonly referred to as load-freqency control.A secondary objective is to distributed change in generation among units to minimize operating costs.
将电压维持在必需的范围内的难题，又被电力系统的现实复杂化了，这个现实就是系统为其提供电能负荷的数量不计其数，且为其提供的发电机组的数量也是最大的。当负荷变化时，输电系统的无功功率的需求也是变化的。由于无功功率不能长距离传输，因而电压控制的功能，就不得不采用在整个系统中分散布局的某种专用的装置来完成。这就与频率控制时的情形截然相反，频率控制是取决于系统总的有功平衡的。恰当地选择和布局控制无功功率和电压的装置，是电力系统工程所面临的主要挑战之一。
In an interconnected power system,the primary objectives of AGC are to regulate frequency to the specified nominal value and to maintain the interchange power between control area at the scheduled values by adjust the output of the selected generators.
在相互连接的电力系统中，发电自动化控制的首要的目标有两个，一将频率调节到指定的额定值，二是通过调节所选定的发电机的输出功率，维持各控制区域之间的计划发电量之间的交换。The problem of maintaining voltages within the required limits is complicated by the fact that the power system supplies power to a vast number of loads and is fed from many generating units. As loads vary, the reactive power requirements of the transmission system vary .since reactive power cannot be transmitted over long distance ,voltage control has to be effected by using special devices dispersed throughout the system .This is in contrast to the control of frequency which depends on the overall system active power balance .The proper selection and coordination of equipment for controlling reactive power and voltage are among the major challenges of power system engineering. 将电压维持在必须范围内的难题，又被电力系统中的现实复杂化了，这个现实就是系统为其提供的负载的数量不计其数，且为其供电的发电机组的数量也是很大的。当负荷变化时，输电系统的无功功率的需求也是变化的。由于无功功率不能长距离输送，因而电压控制的功能，就不得不采用在整个系统中分散布局的某种专用专用的装置来完成。这就与频率控制时的情形截然相反，频率控制是取决于系统总的有功平衡的，恰当的选择和布局控制无功功率和布局控制无功功率和电压的装置，是电力系统面临的主要挑战之一。
For example ,consider the possibility that the hidden failure is the loss of directionality in an overcurrent relay .例如，下面分析隐藏性故障就是过电流继电器失去方向性（这个问题）。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语(1)重点
电气工程及其自动化专业英语 考试题型：选择10*2 单词翻译10*2 短句翻译5*4 长句翻译4*10 Exercise All the simple circuit elements that will be 在下面进行的工作中我们要研究的简单电路元件,可以根据流过元件的电流与元件两端的电压的关系进行分类。例如，如果元件两端的电压正比于流过元件的电流，即u＝ki，我们就把元件称为电阻器。其他的类型的简单电路元件的端电压正比于电流对时间的导数或正比于电流关于时间的积分。还有一些元件的电压完全独立于电流或电流完全独立于电压，这些是独立源。此外，我们还要定义一些特殊类型的电源，这些电源的电压或电流取决于电路中其他的电流或电压，这样的电源将被称为非独立源或受控源。 It must be emphasized that the linear 必须强调的是线性电阻器是一个理想的电路元件；它是物理元件的数学模型。我们可以很容易地买到或制造电阻器，但很快我们发现这种物理元件只有当电流、电压或者功率处于特定范围时其电压——电流之比才是恒定的，并且这个比值也取决于温度以及其它环境因素。我们通常应当把线性电阻器仅仅称为电阻器。只有当需要强调元件性质的时候才使用更长的形式称呼它。而对于任何非线性电阻器我们应当始终这么称呼它，非线性电阻器不应当必然地被视为不需要的元件。 If a circuit has two or more independent 如果一个电路有两个或多个独立源，求出具体变量值（电流或电压）的一种方法是使用节点分析法或网孔分析法。另一种方法是求出每个独立源对变量的作用然后把它们进行叠加。而这种方法被称为叠加法。叠加法原理表明线性电路某个元件两端的电压（或流过元件的电流）等于每个独立源单独作用时该元件两端的电压（或流过元件的电流）的代数和。 The ratio of the phase voltage to the 相电压与相电流之比等于电路的阻抗，符号为字母Z，阻抗是一个具有量纲为欧姆的复数量。阻抗不是一个相量，因此不能通过把它乘以e jωt,并取其实部把它转换成时域形式。但是，我们把电感器看作是通过其电感量L表现为时域形式而通过其阻抗jωL表现为频域形式，电容在时域里为电容量C而在频域里为1/jωc，阻抗是某种程度 上的频域变量而非时域变量。 Both wye and delta source connections 无论是星型连接的电源还是三角形连接的电源都有重要的实际应用意义。星型连接的电源用于长距离电力传输，此时电阻损耗(I2R)将达到最小。这是由于星型连接的线电压是三角形连接的线电压的√3倍，于是,对于相同的功率来说，三角型连接的线电流是星形连接的线电流的√3倍。三角形连接的电源使用在根据三相电源而需要的三个单相电路中。这种从三相到单相的转变用在住宅布线中因为家用照明和设备使用单相电源。三相电源用在需要大功率的工业布线中。在某些应用场合，无论负载是星形连接还是三角形连接并不重要。
人教版六年级英语上册期末重点知识复习资料【最新整理】
六年级上册复习要点 Unit1 How can I get there? 一、重点单词： 地点：science museum科学博物馆, post office 邮局, bookstore 书店, cinema 电影院, hospital 医院 动作：go straight 直走, turn left/right 左转、右转 方位：in front of :在···前面, behind 在···后面, near在…旁边, next to 紧挨着,beside 在旁边 over 在…上方, on the left 在左边, on the right 在右边 二、重点句型： （1）Is / Are there…？某处有某物吗？ 肯定回答：Yes, there is/are. 否定回答：No, there isn’t/aren’t. （2）Where is the + 地点？... ... 在哪里？ It’s + 表示地点的名词. 它... ... 例句：Where is the cinema? 电影院在哪？ It’s next to the bookstore. 在书店的旁边。 （3）How can + 主语+get（to）+ 地点? ... ...怎么到... ...? （如果get后面接的词为副词，则要省略介词to.） 例句：How can we get there? 我们怎么到那儿？ 同义句型：Can you tell me the way to + 地点？-----Which is the way to + 地点？ ( 4 )Where is + 地点？ ( 5 )Turn left/ right at+ 某地. Turn left at the bookstore. 书店左转。 Unit 2 Ways to go to school? 一、重点单词/短语： 交通方式：by bike /bus /plane /subway /train /ship /taxi /ferry 骑自行车/乘公共汽车/飞机/地铁/火车/船/出租汽车/轮渡 take the No.57 bus 乘57路公共汽车 on foot =walk步行 其他：slow down慢下来, pay attention to 注意, traffic lights 交通信号灯, look right 向右看,
英语高分资料整理
目录 1.高分词汇118组 2.60句高考真题例句分析(给基础差的同学和高一同学夯实基础) 3.应用文语法填空二合一，10篇分类145句 4.140个句式升级 5.概要选讲（一篇范文为例，和题裁分类） 6.8种大方向概要表达 7.续写细节描写之心理描写：害怕感动悲伤苦恼愤怒羞愧喜乐 8.续写细节描写之动作描写：手眼身口脚 9.应用文15个题裁分类范文精背 10.月高考应用文和续写分析附完型填空小插曲一览 11..115个熟悉单词的600个意思 12.不规则动词表 13..单词拼写易错分类整理 14.考纲词汇词形变化 15.课文语块和18-19年模拟题语块精选 16.附录1页(学习方法应试技巧经验分享)
高考英语作文高分词汇 （高分词汇是阅读完型的杀器也是作文的利器~ 一定要好好掌握哦这类归纳的词汇可以让知识更好的整合也切合概要的同义词替换~ 有些词汇涉及到雅思7.0和一些六级词汇请同学斟酌使用） QQ:757458940 .1799859654(有疑问地方可及时联系)（由几个英语130+的同学整理老师所发资料和习题所得） 1认为、主张harbor the view, argue, preach, hold the view, assert, take into consideration/ account, maintain, reflect on / upon --- think 2.下决论，断定come to / arrive at / reach / draw the conclusion, conclude. assert, wind up --judge 3.获得acquire, obtain ,attain , reap , earn, gain ---get 4.支持，赞成approve of , in favor of, uphold, stand by one’s side, agree with , give one’s assent -- support 5.反对oppose, object to , be opposed to, resist, boycott—say no to 6.意义深远的，重大的far-reaching, profound, significant, eventful, essential, vital, crucial, critical, decisive, --- important 7.充分利用·make the most of, make full use of, employ, adopt, utilize, apply ---use 8.当前，目前nowadays, at present, currently, presently -- now 9.勤奋的，勤勉的diligent, studious, assiduous, industrious --hardworking 10.认真的，谨慎的conscientious, cautious, ---careful 11.表达voice, convey, express, deliver, communicate, get across to sb. 12.聪明的，有才智的intelligent, bright, wise, intellectual, --clever 13.疲惫不堪的exhausted, fatigues, worn out, weary, give out ---tired 14.参加participate in, attend, go in for, engage in, get involved in --- join, enter 15.集中精力于focus on, center on, concentrate on, be fixed on, highlight, set one’s mind on, pay / call/ bring heed to --pay attention to 16.沮丧的，失意的frustrated, discouraged, depressed , down-hearted, disheartened, low-spirited --- sad, upset 17.努力做，尽力做attempt to, make joint/ combined/ united efforts to, endeavor to , manage to do , strive to do, struggle to do --- try to , work hard 18.志气，抱负，渴望aspiration, ambition, yearning, thirst ---desire 19.除了以外apart from, aside from, in addition to , along with ----besides 20.开展,实施，展开practice, carry out, conduct, perform --- do 21.优秀的，杰出的awesome , outstanding, perfect, brilliant, gorgeous, fabulous, remarkable, distinguished ---- excellent, good 22.实现，完成achieve, accomplish, fulfill , complete, ---finish 23.解释account for, illustrate, clarify, ---explain 24.证明，证实testify, confirm, verify, turn out ---prove 25.碰到，遇到come across, encounter, confront, ---meet 26.粗俗的，不雅的unmannerly, improper, uncourteous, coarse, rough ---bad
英语专业国家概况期末复习总结
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电气工程专业英语
电路electric circuit 电气工程electrical engineering 电机electric machine 自然科学physical science 电气设备electrical device 电器元件electrical element 正电荷positive charge 负电荷negative charge 直流direct current 交流alternating current 电压voltage 导体conductor 功work 电动势electromotiveforce 电势差potential difference 功率power 极性polarity 能量守恒定律the law of conservation energy 变量variable 电阻resistance 电阻率resistivity 绝缘体insulator 电阻器resistor 无源元件passive element 常数constant 电导conductance 短路short circuit 开路open circuit 线性的linear 串联series 并联parallel 电压降voltage drop 等效电阻equivalent resistance 电容器capacitor 电感器inductor 储能元件storage element 电场electric field 充电charge 放电discharge 动态的dynamic 电介质dielectric
电容capacitance 磁场magnetic field 电源power supplu 变压器transformer 电机electric motor 线圈coil 电感inductance 导线conducting wire 绕组wingding 漏电阻leakage resistance 电子系统electronic system 结构图block diagram 功能模块functional block 放大器amplifier 滤波器filter 整形电路wave-shaping circuit 振荡器oscillator 增益gain 输入阻抗input impedance 带宽bandwidth 晶体管transistor 集成电路integrated circuit 电力电子power electronics 数字信号处理digital signal-processing 输出装置output device 模拟信号analog signal 数字信号digital signal 传感器transducer 采样值sample value 模数转换器analog-to-digital converter 频谱frequency content 采样频率sampling rate or frequendy 扰动disturbance 分立电路discrete circuit 数字化信号digitized signal 运算放大器operational amplifier 有源电路active circuit 电子部件electronic unit 封装package 管脚pin 同相端noninverting terminal 反相输入inverting input
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take拿took win赢won 二、Unit1 （一）重要词组 1.在宇宙飞船里in a spaceship 2. 一位宇航员an astronaut 3.在月球上on the moon 4.在太空里in space 5.做梦have a dream 6.上英语课have an English class 7.玩的愉快have a great time （二）重要句子 1. 你昨天在哪里？我在宇宙飞船里。 Where were you yesterday? I was in a spaceship. 2.他昨天在哪里？他在月球之上。 Where was he yesterday? He was on the moon. 3.那儿没有树。 There were no trees. 4.那儿没有水。 There was no water. 三、Unit2 An Accident （一）重要词组 1.看电视watch TV 2.看电影watch a film 3.打扫房间clean the room 4.拜访朋友 visit a friend 5.帮助妈妈 help Mom 6.游泳 go swimming
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培训英语资料整理新
1. 幕墙国际会议自我介绍： 名字：My english name is andrew. 公司：I am representing JiangHe curtain wall company. 职责（主要负责事物）：I am in charge of structural calculation/design&fabrication drawing/tender drawing. 2. 我是刚毕业的学生： I am a fresh graduate. 3. 幕墙中常用的变形：deflection, 而不是deformation. Deflection: the degree to which the moving part on a measuring instrument moves away from zero. Deformation: the progress of changing the shape of something in a way that spoil its usefulness or appearance. dead load 永久荷载 4. 常用的荷载缩写 wind load 风荷载 live load 活荷载 5.表面处理可分为两种： Natural Anodise Black Anodise Bronze Anodise 镀铜色
Hot dipped galvanize 热镀 stick curtain wall system 框架式幕墙 6. Electrical galvanize 电镀 unitised curtain wall system 单元式幕墙 Tower 主楼分格 division 方管 square section 7. Podium 群楼格栅 lattice 圆管 round pipe Primary gasket 第一胶条 primary bracket steel primary bracket 8. gasket 转角连接t Secondary gasket 第二胶条 secondary bracket secondary U-shape bracket
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电路 electric circuit 电气工程electrical engineering 电机electric machine 自然科学physical science 电气设备 electrical device 电器元件 electrical element 正电荷positive charge 负电荷negative charge 直流direct current 交流alternating current 电压voltage 导体conductor 功work 电动势electromotiveforce 电势差potential difference 功率power
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等效电阻equivalent resistance 电容器capacitor 电感器inductor 储能元件storage element 电场electric field 充电 charge 放电discharge 动态的dynamic 电介质dielectric 电容capacitance 磁场magnetic field 电源power supplu 变压器transformer 电机electric motor 线圈coil 电感inductance
人教版七年级英语上册期末复习资料大全【最新整理】
人教版七年级英语上册复习资料 Starter unit1-3 一、文化常识 1、英语文化区域，熟人之间见面，常要互相问好。早上用语Good morning ! 下午用语Good afternoon ! 晚上用语Good evening ! 2、在轻松场合中，人们常用Hello 或者Hi 打招呼，但是两人用语要一致， 不能一个人用Hello，另一个人用Hi 。例如： （1）Helen : Hi , Bob ! Bob : Hi , Helen ! （2）Helen : Hello , Bob ! Bob : Hello , Helen ! 二、几个功能句型 1、问答“身体健康”用语 Bob : Hi , Helen ! How are you ? 喂，海伦！你好吗？ Helen : Hi , Bob ! I’m fine , thanks . How are you ? = I’m OK 2、问一个东西“英语名字”的常用句型 Helen : What’s this / that in English ?这个用英语怎么说？ ↘(答句中，一定用it 代替this / that) Bob : It’s a / an + 英语名称。( key jacket quilt orange ruler pen ) Helen : Spell it , please . ( = How do you spell it ? ) 请拼写它。（= 你怎样拼写它？）Bob : K- E-Y . （拼写单词，用大写字母，并且字母与字母之间用连字符连接）3、问一个东西颜色的常用句型： Helen : What color is it ? Bob : It is + 颜色。 三、1、不定冠词a 与an 的区别 a用在辅音开头的单词前，an用在元音开头的单词前。例如 a pen 一支钢笔；an apple 一个苹果 a book 一本书an hour 一小时 a “u”一个字母“u”an orange一个橙子；； 2、指示代词this 与that 的区别