(11页Word版)高考英语分类汇编16：阅读理解(五)

专题三阅读理解(五)

【山东省实验中学2012届高三第四次诊断考试】

阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Jeanette Rankin was born on a ranch in Montana，USA in 1882. In those days，Montana was still a frontier state，and life there was hard. Men and women shared the difficult outdoor work. But young Jeanette noticed men and women were not equal in many ways. For instance，at election time，women were not allowed to vote. Jeanette thought this was not fair，and several years later，after graduating from college，she realized how to help change the situation.

First，she joined with other women. and gave speeches through the state. Thanks to their years of efforts，Montana women were finally allowed to vote. This experience changed Jeanette’s life. She wanted do work for the welfare of women and children everywhere. She was now well-known throughout Montana，so she decided to run for the US Congress. In 1916，she became the first woman in the Congress of the United Staters.

Just six days after Rankin first attended Congress in 1917，American President Wilson called for a vote to go to war against Germany，as German submarines（潜水艇）attacked American ships during World War I. When Jeanette was called upon to vote，she said，“I want to stand by my country，buy I cannot vote for war.I vote no.”Forty-nine other congress members also voted no，but she was the person who was criticized most. Newspapers said her decision came from weakness and she was anti-American.

In the Second World War，Japanese warplanes attacked the American base at Pearl Harbor in 1941. The time came again for the US Congress members to vote for or against going to war. Everyone was waiting for Jeanette Rankin to vote，who rose and said，“As a woman，I can’t go to war，so I refuse to send anyone else”.Out of 471 members，she was the only member who voted against war. After that，she received thousands of letters. Most people criticized her，but some praised her for her courage.

Shortly before she died in 1973, she was asked if she regretted voting “no”to the two wars.“Never，”she answered.“If you are against war，you’re against war regard less of what happens.”

Today，in the US Congress Building，there is a statue of Jeanette Rankin. On the base of the statue are her words：“I cannot vote for war.”

56. When Jeanette Rankin was young，.

A. women were not allowed to work with men

B. women had no right to vote

C. women could not go to college

D. women could not deliver speeches in public

57. She decided to run for the US Congress because .

A. She wanted to become famo us throughout the USA

B. She hated was

C. She wanted to help more women and children

D. She was a born politician

58. Which is true according to the passage?

A. Jeannette was the only member to vote no to the two wars.

B. Jeannette voted no to the wars because she was weak.

C. Everyone in the USA hated her when she voted no to the war against Japan.

D. Jeanette believed that no war was right.

59. From the passage we can tell that Jeanette Rankin was .

A. full of courage

B. Very fair

C. Very intelligent

D. very stubborn.

60. The American people remember Jeanette Rankin mainly for .

A. her fighting for women’s rights

B. her being the first American woman Congress member

C. her fighting against war

D. her efforts to help women get the voting right

B

Even a small reduction in salt in the diet can be a big help to the heart. A new study used a computer model to predict how just three grams less a day would affect heart disease in the United States.

The result：10％fewer heart attacks. 8％fewer storkes. 4％fewer deaths. 11％fewer new

cases of heart disease. And 240 billion dollars in health care savings.

Researchers found it could prevent 100，000 heart attacks and 92，000 deaths every year.

The study is in the New England Journal of Medicine. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo at the University of California San Francisco was the lead author. She says people would not even notice a difference in taste with three grams，or one-half teaspoon，less salt per day. The team also included researchers at Stanford and Columbia University.

Each gram of salt contains four hundred milligrams of sodium（钠），which is how foods may list their salt content.

The government says the average American man eats ten grams of salt a day. The American Heart Association advises no more than three grams for healthy people. It says salt in the American diet has increased fifty percent since the nineteen seventies，while blood pressures have also risen. Less salt can mean a lower blood pressure.

New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg is leading an effort called the National Salt Reduction Initiative. The idea is to put pressure on food companies and restaurants. Critics call it government interference.

Mayor Bloomberg has already succeeded in other areas，like requiring fast food places in the city to list calorie information. Now a study by the Seattle Children’s Research Institute shows that the calorie information on the menu can influence what parents order for their children.

6l. According to the passage，what disease is not related to salt in diet?

A. cancer

B. stroke

C. blood pressure

D. heart attack

62. We can tell from the passage that now heart attacks occur in the US every year.

A. 240，000

B. 900，000

C. 100，000

D.92，000

63. It can be inferred from the passage that .

A. all the heart diseases result from eating too much salt

B. the American Heart Association suggests less than 3 grams of salt a day for everyone

C. Americans ate no more than 5 grams of salt per day in the 1970s

D. the less salt one eats，the healthier he will be

64. The National Salt Reduction Initiative aims to .

A. attract the public attention to the problem

B. require fast food places to list salt information

C. inform people of the harm that salt does to health

D. put pressure on food companies and restaurants

65. The last paragraph mainly tells us .

A. Bloomberg has made some other efforts to improve people’s health

B. Bloomberg is very successful in his career

C. parents must pay great attention to calorie information

D. a new study is being do ne about calorie information

C

It’s not uncommon in America for a person to belong to some kind of volunteer group. Donating one’s time and services is very much a part of the American way of life. Most charitable activities are organized by churches and groups around the nation and even encouraged by the government. The helping hand is extended to the poor，the homeless and the disabled. Some people work to teach youngsters how to read. others open up soup kitchens to feed the homeless. V olunteers also take care of the disabled by making reading tapes for the blind and working in orphanages（孤儿院）to help children without parents.

High school students are often encouraged to become volunteers and many school club activities center around volunteer services. Students may work with disabled children during a summer program，or participate in a club activity which helps to bring meal to senior citizens who are shut-ins. With their sense of idealism（理想主义）students are often eager to donate their spare time. They see such activities as a way of becoming involved in the community and the adult-world. Social action for them becomes as important as their academic studies.

In a like manner，throughout the year，fund raising drives are also conducted by schools and community groups to raise money for a worthy cause. They may respond to a recent earthquake in a foreign country，a flood somewhere within their own，or another natural disaster which has left people destitute and homeless. They may organize drives to collect food，clothing and medicines to serve an immediate need. Today even the Halloween custom of ‘trick or treat’has become an occasion to collect money for a charitable cause.

This call to help those less fortunate than themselves arises from the humble origins of the American nation. Those immigrants who were poor and downtrodden（受压迫的）became dependent on the kindness of their neighbors to make a new life for themselves.

American volunteers work throughout the world in less developed countries. They volunteer by serving as a champion of goodwill both at home and abroad，which no doubt enriches both his life and those whom he serves.

66. Which of the following charitable activities is not mentioned in the passage?

A. Some people open up soup kitchens to feed homeless people.

B. Some students bring meals to old people who can’t go out easily.

C. Some people collect money to help a foreign country with a recent ea rthquake.

D. Some students donate books to children in mountainous areas.

67. Why are American high school students eager to do voluntary work?

A. Because they want to participate in some social activities.

B. Because they want to go to better universities.

C. Because they can get higher scores at school.

D. Because they can realize their dream sooner.

68. The underlined word “destitute”in Paragraph 4 probably means .

A. lifeless

B. penniless

C. useless

D. valueless

69. American charitable activities started because .

A. Americans are always ready to share with othes

B. Americans are mostly kind

C. poor immigrants needed help badly

D. poor Americans couldn’t live on without help

70. What’s the best title of t he passage?

A. The Call from the Poor

B. V oluntary Work in the US

C. Ways to help the Poor

D. American V olunteers Around the World

D

If women are mercilessly exploited（剥削）year after year，they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion，they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it，only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe（衣柜）packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.

Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year t o replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way，waste hours of their time changing the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened；neck-lines are lowered or raised，and so on.

No one can say that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth，comfort and durability（耐用）. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort，as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day，or carefully picking her way through deep snow in high heeled shoes.

When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion，the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes，one wonders，reflect basic qualities of inconstancy（易变）and instability？Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability？That is for you to decide.

7l. How do designers and big stores take advantage of women?

A. By mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry.

B. By attaching great importance to quality in women’s clothing.

C. By constantly changing the fashions in women’s clothing.

D. By producing large number of new clothes.

72. To the writer，the fact that women change their old-fashioned dresses is seen as .

A. a waste of money

B. a waste of time

C. an expression of taste

D. an expression of creativity

73. Perhaps the writer would not be so critical .

A. if fashion designers could pay attention to the comfort of clothing

B. if fashion industry could contribute more to society

C. if women took their safety and health in consideration

D. if women didn’t put up with any discomfort

74. By saying “the conclusions to be dra wn are obvious”in Paragraph 4 the writer means

that .

A. women’s inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at

B. women are better able to put up with discomfort

C. men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers

D. men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion

75. What’s the passage mainly about?

A. Men are wiser than women in choosing clothes.

B. Women are taken advantage of because they always follow clothing fashions.

C. Women should be blamed for following clothing fashions.

D. Changing fashions have greatly contributed to social development.

【答案】

56-60BCDAC 61-65ABCDA 66-70DABCB 71-75CBADB

【山东省潍坊市重点中学2012届高三2月月考】

阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。

A

If cars had wings，they could fly and that just might happen,

beginning in 2011.The company Terrafugia, based in Woburn,

Massachusetts, says it plans to deliver its car-plane, the Transition,

to customers by the end of 2012.

“It?s the next …wow?vehicle，”said Terrafugia vice president Richard Gersh. “Anybody can buy a Ferrari, but as we say, Ferraris don?t fly.”

The car plane has wings that unfold for flying—a process the company says takes one minute—and fold back up for driving. A runway is still required to take off and land.

The Transition is being marketed more as a plane that drives than a car that flies, although it is both. The comp any has been working with FAA to meet aircraft regulations, and with the National Highway Tra ffic Safety Administration to meet vehicle safety regulations.

The company is aiming to sell the Transition to private pilots as a more convenient and cheaper way to fly.They say it saves you the trouble from trying to find another mode of transportation to get to and from airports: You drive the car to the airport and then you?re good to go.When you land, you fold up the wings and hit the road. There are no expensive parking fees because you don?t have to store it at an airport—you park it in the garage at home.

The car-plane is designed to fly primarily under 10,000 feet. It has a maximum takeoff weight of 1,430 pounds, including fuel and passengers. Terrafugia says the Transition reduces the potential for an accident by allowing pilots to drive under bad weather instead of flying into marginal(临界)conditions.

The Transition?s price tag: $194,000, But there may be additional charges for options like a radio, transponder or GPS. Another option is a full-plane parachute.

“If you get into a very awful situation, it is the necessary safety option,” Gersh said.

So far, the company has more than 70 orders with deposits. “We? re working very closely with them, but there are still some remaining steps,” Brown said.

56.We can learn from the first paragraph that _________.

A. car-planes will be popular in 2012

B. people might drive a car-plane in 2012

C. both Transition and Ferrari can take off and land

D. Richard Gersh is the vice president of Massachusetts

57.It takes the car-plane one minute to ________ .

A. fold and unfold its wings

B. unfold wings for flying

C. land in the airport

D. meet flying safety regulations

58.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A. The car-plane needs a runway to take off and land.

B. To meet aircraft regulations, the company has been working with FAA.

C. The car-plane may fly as high as normal planes.

D. People can park the car-plane in the garage at their home.

59.The underlined word “it” in the last but one paragraph refers to ________ .

A. the radio

B. the transponder

C. the GPS

D. the full-plane parachute

60.What?s the best title for the passage?

A. Cars With Wings May Be Just Around The Corner.

B. Which to Choose: A Ferrari or a Car Plane?

C. A more Convenient and Cheaper Way to Fly.

D. Cars With Wings Can Fly as Fast as Planes.

【答案】

56—60 BBCDA61—65 BADCD

【山东省潍坊市重点中学2012届高三2月月考】

B

A popular saying goes，“Sticks and stones ma y break my bones，but words will never hurt me．”However，that?s not really true．Words have the power to build us up or tear us down．It doesn?t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves--the positive and negative effects are just as lasting．

We all talk to ourselves sometimes．We?re usually too embarrassed to admit it，though．In fact，we really shouldn?t be, because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit．

This“ self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves，remember things，solve problems，and calm ourselves down．Be aware, though，that as much as 77％of self-talk tends to be negative．So in order to stay positive，we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves．We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back ,The next time you finish a project，do well in a test，or finally clean your room，join me in saying“ Good job!”

Often，words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effects they will have．But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses to others．For example，when returning an item to a store，we might use warm，friendly language during the exchange．And the clerk will probably respond in a similar manner．Or harsh and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive．

Words possess power because of their lasting effect．Many of us regret something we once said．And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking，we should always ask

ourselves：Is it true? Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn?t p ass this test，then it?s better left unsaid．

Words possess power：both positive and negative．Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively．We can offer hope，build self-esteem and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things．Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours．

61. The author argues in the first paragraph that __________.

A. words will never hurt us at all

B. words have lasting effects on us

C. inspiring words give us confidence

D. negative words may let us down

62. Why should not we feel embarrassed when it comes to talking to ourselves?

A. Talking to ourselves is believed to be good for our health.

B. Almost everybody has the habit of talking to oneself.

C. Talking to ourselves helps us to solve all the problems.

D. It is harmful to have “self-talk” when we are alone.

63. The underlined phrase “give ourselves a pat on the back” in Paragraph three means

“ _________”.

A. blame ourselves

B. punish ourselves

C. talk to ourselves

D. praise ourselves

64. Which of the following statements would the author agree to?

A. Unkind words are unlikely to be forgotten

B. Positive words may destroy all the good relations.

C. It is better to think twice before talking to others.

D. Kind words are sure to cause unfavorable response.

65. Why should we talk in a friendly way when returning an item to a store?

A. Because kind words destroy true relationships.

B. Because the clerk in a store is hard to deal with.

C. Because critical language may hurt your feelings.

D. Because friendly words cause positive responses.

【答案】

61—65 BADCD

2020-2021高考英语阅读理解综合题汇编及答案解析

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【英语】高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案

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