江苏省盐城市盐城市一中、大丰高级中学等四校2020-2021学年高二上学期期末英语试题

2020-2021学年第一学期高二年级期终考试

英语试题

第一部分:听力(共两节，满分30分)

第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分；满分7.5分)

听下面5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What's the time now?

A. 8:30.

B. 7:55.

C. 8:35.

2.Why does the woman look sad?

A. She did badly in the exams.

B. She worries about her coming tests.

C. She is ill.

3.What do we learn about the taxi driver?

A. He drove too fast and crashed into a truck.

B. He turned suddenly and ran into a tree.

C. He was hit by a falling box from a truck.

4.What is the man doing?

A. He is asking about his letter.

B. He is buying plane tickets to Europe.

C. He is sending some postcard.

5.Where does the conversation mostly take place?

A. In a restaurant.

B. In the woman's house.

C. In the market.

第二节(共5小题；每小题1.5分；满分22.5分)

听下面5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6 段材料，回答第6、7 题。

6.Where is the Jazz Festival going to be held?

A. This Thursday.

B. Next Saturday.

C. Next Thursday.

7.Who is the man’s favorite singer?

A. Carlon Carpenter.

B. Michael Jackson.

C. Madonna.

听第7 段材料，回答第8、9 题。

8.What material would the man like for spring?

A. Leather.

B. Cotton.

C. Wool.

9.What color does the woman like?

A. Pink.

B. White. C Red.

听第8 段材料，回答第10 至12 题。

10.What class has the woman already taken?

A. Spanish.

B. Biology.

C. Math.

11.How does the woman feel about the science classes?

A. She is quite interested in them.

B. She regrets to have taken them.

C. She doesn't like them.

12.What kind of job will the man try to get?

A. Driving a taxi.

B. Working in a gas station.

C. Working in a restaurant. 听第9 段材料，回答第13 至16 题。

13.Where are the two speakers?

A. At school.

B. In a park.

C. In the countryside.

14.How does the woman feel today?

A. Relaxed.

B. Lonely.

C. Sick.

15.What will the speakers do this weekend?

A. Drive to the countryside.

B. Attend a party.

C. Go back home.

16.What will the woman bring to the barbecue?

A. Her family.

B. Some drinks.

C. Moon cakes.

听第10 段材料，回答第17 至20 题。

17.What is the main topic of the talk?

A. Scientific research.

B. Environmental protection.

C. Social development.

18.Who is the speaker probably?

A. A university professor.

B. A tourist guide.

C. A government official.

19.How many people were there in Anchorage in 1960?

A. About 75,000.

B. About 180,000.

C. About 40,000.

20.What is the speaker most probably doing next?

A. Showing some slides.

B. Writing a letter to the government.

C. Putting forward some suggestions.

第二部分:阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)

第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Dog are man’s best friend. If you plan on buying a dog, try to put in a little bit of research. You will find out that there are plenty of dog breeds (品种) to choose from, but some are more expensive than others. Not just in terms of the price, but also grooming (梳理) and medical expenses.

In this list, we will cover the most expensive dog breeds in the world that you can buy. We’ll even include the dog’s price tag, washing expenses, and average health care costs.

Kerry Blue Terrier

With a price at $ 600, this dog might be inexpensive. However, due to their many health concerns, health care costs can reach up to $7,000. If taken good care of, they can live up to 15 years.

Great Dane

The Great Dane breed is a big dog with an average price of $ 800. This breed has a life expectancy (期限) of 7 to 10 years. The average health care costs are expected to be around $7,100.

Bernese Mountain Dog

The purchase price for one of these huge 120-pound dogs is around $ 800. This breed has many health concerns which will cost you around $ 6,500. .

German Shepherd

Known for their cleverness as a sheepherder , the price for one is around $ 800. Although they can live for up to 13 years, their health care costs up to $20,500. What causes their health care to be so expensive is treating common health conditions.

1. What is important to a life length of a Kerry Blue Terrier?

A. Good care.

B. Enough food.

C. Proper exercise.

D. Daily companion.

2. What is special about German Shepherd?

A. It costs the most to care.

B. It is the cheapest to get.

C. It can live up to 15 years. .

D. It is the strongest dog.

3. Which would you buy if you want to spend less than $ 7,500, including health care cost?

A. Great Dane.

B. German Shepherd.

C. Kerry Blue Terrier.

D. Bernese Mountain Dog.

【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D

【解析】

本文是应用文。文章介绍了四种世界上最昂贵的犬类，包括售卖价格、健康护理花费以及它们的寿命。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据Kerry Blue Terrier部分的“If taken care of, they can live up to 15 years.( 如果照顾好，它们可以活到15岁)”可知，良好的照顾对克里蓝梗的生命长度很重要。故选A。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据German Shepherd部分的“Although they can live for up to 13 years, their health care costs up to $20,500.(尽管它们可以活到13年，但它们的医疗费用高达20,500美元)”可知，与其他犬类的健康护理相比，德国牧羊犬的花费是最高的。故选A。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据四种犬的价格以及健康护理费用，Bernese Mountain Dog的总费用是7300 美元，是最省钱的，其它的都比这个价格高。故选D。

B

The western green mamba(绿曼巴蛇), a kind of snake, is between 5.9 feet and 10.5 feet long. This makes the western green mamba the second longest poisonous snake in Africa, with the black mamba being the first.

The western green mamba is, however, the most agile(敏捷的) snake in the mamba family. Their skin color is greenish yellow or live green, which helps them to hide in the environment. One other important feature of the snake is its long tail with a sharp point.

The western green mamba can be found in West Africa. They often live in rain forests. Being an arboreal species, these snakes spend most of their time moving among the tree tops. They are also used to moving on the ground and will commonly leave their trees to run after a potential meal on the ground. The western green mamba is mostly active in the daytime, but can also be seen hunting at night from time to time.

The diet of a western green mamba is made up of birds and all kinds of small animals such as squirrels, mice and even bats. These snakes can get close to their target with the help of their natural skin color. When they are close enough, they bite the target with poisonous teeth quickly. Once the target has died, the western green mamba will

swallow it whole. If these snakes are faced with danger, they will try to run away. If they have no way to run away, however, they will become very aggressive and attack their enemies with their sharp teeth repeatedly.

The female western green mamba is the one who lay eggs. They will lay from 5 to 15 eggs. The young snakes are completely independent after birth. The mother and father play no part in raising the baby snakes. The babies are born with everything they need to survive in the wilderness. If they can reach adulthood, then they will have almost no natural predators.

The western green mamba is not dying out. But its biggest threat comes from people and the damage they can bring to their homes. Hopefully, the western green mamba can continue to live alongside people and never have to worry that they will die out.

4. What do we know about the western green mamba ?

A. They are less poisonous than the black mamba.

B. Their skin colors help them hide from others.

C. They are usually seen looking for food at night

D. They are the longest poisonous snake in Africa .

5. The underlined word “arboreal” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________.

A. living in hotels

B. living in the water

C. living in the grass

D. living in trees

6. If a western green mamba has no way to escape, it will ________.

A. hide itself into the environment nearby

B. fight against the enemy bravely

C. change its natural skin color

D. swallow the enemy whole

7. Which of the following is TRUE about young snakes?

A They can take care of each other.

B. They have no natural predators.

C. They don’t need their parents’ care after birth.

D. They lay from five to fifteen eggs at a time.

【答案】4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种绿曼巴蛇。

【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Their skin color is greenish yellow or live green, which helps them to hide in the environment.”（它们的皮肤颜色是绿黄色或鲜绿色，这有助于它们隐藏在环境中。）可知，西方绿曼巴的肤色帮助它们躲避敌人。故选B。

2.词句猜测题。根据第三段第三句“these snakes spend most of their time moving among the tree tops”（这些蛇大部分时间都在树顶之间移动）可知，此处是指这类蛇是生活在树上的物种。所以arboreal的含义是“住在树上的”。故选D。

3.细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“If they have no way to run away, however, they will become very aggressive and attack their enemi es with their sharp teeth repeatedly.”（然而，如果它们没有办法逃跑，它们就会变得非常好斗，用锋利的牙齿反复攻击敌人。）可知，如果西部的绿曼巴没有办法逃跑，它将勇敢地与敌人作战。故选B。

4.细节理解题。根据第五段第三句“ The young snakes are completely independent after birth.”（幼蛇出生后完全独立。）可知，小蛇在出生后不需要父母的照顾。故选C。

C

Data collected by the World Food Program shows that every year over 847 million people worldwide suffer from malnutrition and about 3.1 million children under the age of 5 die of starvation.

While dealing with world hunger is an important thing for scientists, it is not easy, considering natural resources. But thanks to new ideas like Livingbox, there may be some hope.

The Israeli scientists Nitzan Solan and Moti Cohen say Livingbox is an environment-friendly ecosystem made of some connected boxes to form a mini-farm. This means that the vegetables are grown in water instead of soil.

While professional farmers have been doing that for years, Livingbox is the first system built to gain nutrients from common waste. Better yet, it can run without electricity and requires no farming skills to keep. This means that city people who cannot get fresh vegetables can use Livingbox to grow vegetables.

It is easy for all farmers to set up the boxes. Then they fill them with fresh water and add the required seeds. As soon as they add one or all three types of waste, the system will self-produce the nitrogen needed for the plants to take root.

Those that use fish waste have a double advantage — they can cultivate both fish and vegetables at the same time. The fish can provide the waste needed for the plants to grow, while the plants naturally filter the water and help keep a clean home for the fish.

Once the vegetables are ready to pick farmers simply harvest them and begin the cycle all over again. While the 15-square foot box provides enough vegetables for a family of four, it is easy to make a larger Livingbox in order to build larger farms.

The one thing that can prevent Livingbox from being used in developing countries is the cost. However, some businessmen with several non-profit organizations have promised to keep it affordable, so that poor people living in cities of developing countries can get the chance to eat nutritious food.

8. Why do scientists find it hard to solve world hunger?

A. Because it needs a lot of money to solve the problem.

B. Because there are too many people are starving in the world.

C. Because the population grows rapidly and there are not enough resources.

D. Because most of the natural resources have been damaged.

9. What do we know about Livingbox?

A. It is not harmful to the environment.

B. It is made of boxes filled with rich soil.

C. It requires electricity.

D. It requires farmers to learn some special skills.

10. Livingbox is designed to _________.

A. help developing countries become rich

B. get rid of the waste produced by animals

C. get clean water for people living in cities

D. let poor people living in cities get fresh vegetables

11. From the last two paragraphs, we can infer that __________.

A. farmers can use the boxes again

B. it will not cost much money to build Livingbox

C. Livingbox has been built by businessmen in the world

D. Livingbox has become popular in developing countries

【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. A

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。为了解决世界饥饿问题，科学家们发现了一种可以重复种植蔬菜的经济实用的盒子，名叫Livingbox。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“While dealing with world hunger is an important thing for scientists, it is not easy, considering natural resources. (虽然对科学家来说，解决世界饥饿问题是一件重要的事情，但考虑到自然资源，这并不容易)”可知，因为人口增长迅速，自然资源不足，所以科学家们认为解决世界饥饿问题很难。故选C。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The Israeli scientists Nitzan Solan and Moti Cohen say Livingbox is an

environment-friendly ecosystem made of some connected boxes to form a mini-farm. (以色列科学家Nitzan Solan 和Moti Cohen表示，Livingbox是一种环保的生态系统，由一些相互连接的盒子组成一个迷你农场)”可知，Livingbox对环境无害。故选A。

【10题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“This means that city people who cannot get fresh vegetables can use Livingbox to grow vegetables. (这意味着无法得到新鲜蔬菜城市居民可以使用Livingbox种植蔬菜)”可知，Livingbox被设计用来让住在城市里的穷人得到新鲜的蔬菜。故选D。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒第二段第一句“Once the vegetables are ready to pick, farmers simply harvest them and begin the cycle all over again. (一旦蔬菜可以采摘了，农民就会直接收割，然后开始再次循环利用)”可知，农民可以重复使用这种盒子。故选A。

D

Women who own cats are more likely to have mental health problems and kill themselves because they can be infected by a common parasite(寄生虫) that can be caught from cat litter(猫砂), a study has found.

Researchers found women infected with the Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) parasite(刚地弓形虫), which is spread through contact with cat waste or eating undercooked meat or unwashed vegetables, are at increased risk of attempting suicide.

The study involved more than 45,000 women in Denmark. About a third of the world's population is infected with the parasite, which hides in cells in the brain and muscles, often without producing symptoms.

The infection, which is called toxoplasmosis(弓形虫病), has been linked to mental illness, such as schizophrenia(精神分裂症), and changes in behavior.

The study's senior author Doctor Teodor Postolache, an associate professor of psychiatry(精神病学) at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in the United States, said, "We can't say with certainty that T. gondii caused the women to try to kill themselves, but we did find a predictive association between the infection and suicide attempts later in life that deserves additional studies."

Doctor Albert Reece, vice president of medical affairs at the University of Maryland, said, "T. gondii infection is a major public health problem around the world, and many people don't realize they're infected. "

Dr Postolache is a leading expert on suicide neuroimmunology(神经免疫学). Suicide is a critically important mental health issue. About one million people commit suicide and another 10 million attempt suicide worldwide each year. We hope that this type of research will one day help us find ways to save many lives that now end too early in suicide."

Dr. Postolache's research team at the University of Maryland was the first to report a connection between T. gondii and suicidal behavior in 2009. He is cooperating with researchers in Denmark, Germany and Sweden to confirm and investigate the way leading to this association.

The T. gondii parasite thrives in the intestines(肠) of cats, and it is spread through their waste. All warm-blooded animals can become infected through contact with it. Humans can become infected by changing their infected cats' litter boxes, eating unwashed vegetables, drinking water from a polluted source, or by eating undercooked or raw meat.

Not washing kitchen knives after preparing raw meat before handling another food item also can lead to infection. Pregnant women can pass the parasite directly to their unborn babies and are advised not to change cat litter boxes to avoid possible infection.

Babies don't produce antibodies to T. gondii for three months after they are born, so the antibodies present in their blood represented infection in the mothers. The scientists studied Danish health patients to determine if any of these women later attempted suicide, including cases of violent suicide attempts which may have involved guns, sharp instruments and jumping from high places.

The study found that women infected with T. gondii were one and a half times more likely to attempt suicide compared to those who were not infected, and the risk seemed to rise with increasing levels of the T. gondii antibodies.

Dr Postolache noted limitations to the study, such as the inability to determine the cause of the suicidal behavior. The findings were published online in the Archives of General Psychiatry.

12. The common way which is less likely to be infected with the disease is ________.

A. to eat unwashed meat or undercooked vegetables

B. to clean a place where a cat once lived for a time

C. to pass the infection to her unborn baby during a woman's pregnancy

D. to reuse kitchen tools which have been used to cut raw meat

13. What is the consequence if a woman is infected with the parasite in the passage?

A. Having a high fever.

B Doing deliberate self-harm.

C. Keeping a depressed mood.

D. Becoming bad tempered.

14. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Women have a higher risk to be infected by the parasite than men.

B. The result of the research may help the scientists to find ways to stop suicide in advance.

C. The scientists will continue their research into the possible connection.

D. The risk of being infected seems to rise with the decreasing levels of the antibodies.

15. Which of the following statements would probably be the best title of the passage?

A. Why are women more likely to commit suicide?

B. Women should keep away from cats

C. Ways found to deal with women's mental problems

D. Are women who own cats at a suicide risk?

【答案】12. B 13. B 14. C 15. D

【解析】

试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，与猫长时间接触的人容易有精神方面的问题，文章对此现象进行了说明并分析了原因。

【12题详解】

B 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Researchers found women infected with the Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) parasite(刚地弓形虫), which is spread through contact with cat waste可知，这种病是由于猫的粪便携带的病菌传播的，那么较好的避免传染的方法就是彻底打扫猫长时间住的地方，杀死这些病菌。故B正确。

【13题详解】

B 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“we did find a predictive association between the infection and suicide attempts later in life that deserves additional studies.”可知，这种病菌与人们的自杀企图是有关系的，自杀是一种自残的自我伤害的行为。故B正确。

【14题详解】

C 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“We can’t say with certainty that T. gondii caused the women to try to kill themselves, but we did find a predictive association between the infection and suicide attempts later in life that deserves additional studies.”可知，我们现在无法确定这种病菌与女性自杀之间的联系，但是科学家会继续努力发现这两者之间的联系。故C正确。

【15题详解】

D 主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Women who own cats are more likely to have mental health problems and kill themselves because they can be infected by a common parasite that can be caught from cat litter, a study has found.”可知，本文介绍的是与猫长时间接触的人容易有精神方面的问题。文章对此现象进行了说明并分析了原因。故D正确。

考点：考查健康类短文阅读。【名师点睛】

关于推理判断题

推理题是在掌握文章大意基础上看出作者的“ 言外之意”(between the lines)。这既要求学生透过文章表面

文字信息推测隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，有些推断

题要从文章结构的角度进行分析，才能推断出正确答案。因此，阅读时不仅要注重词、句的理解，而且还

要分析语篇的组织结构。这类试题常以如下句式发问：

What can you infer /learn/conclude from the passage?

What’s the author’s attitude toward……?

What does the passage suggest?

The author in this passage intends to __________。

答推理题时，一般无法直接从文中找到答案，但绝不可凭空猜测，也要找到答题依据。要通过文章主旨、

字里行间或文中例子进行推断，通过含有感情色彩或描述情景的词句来领会作者的态度或语气，有的题也

可根据常识理解来推断。但无论怎样，推理判断要以作者态度为准，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守

自己的看法或观点。如本文的第34小题What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Women have a higher risk to be infected by the parasite than men.

B. The result of the research may help the scientists to find ways to stop suicide in advance.

C. The scientists will continue their research into the possible connection.

D. The risk of being infected seems to rise with the decreasing levels of the antibodies.根据文章第五段“We can’t

say with certainty that T. gondii caused the women to try to kill themselves, but we did find a predictive association

between the infection and suicide attempts later in life that deserves additional studies.”可知我们现

在无法确定这种病菌与女性自杀之间的联系，但是科学家会继续努力发现这两者之间的联系。故C正确。

做这类题时一定要注意：准确把握字里行间的意思，切忌用自己的观点代替作者的观点。特别注意表达情

感（如最后一段第一句的favorite一词）、态度和观点的词语。

第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项。

The deepest friendship spans(跨越) time and space. ____16____. So we asked some people how they’ve

managed to make their bonds unbreakable.

Honesty is always the best policy. Heather Hopkins credits her long-lasting friendship to her honesty. “Never be

scared to tell your best friends how you are really feeling about any situation. ___17___”

Just keep calling, even if there’s nothing to really say. Nicki Bandklayder’s 20+ year friendships are going strong because she’s always willing to get on the phone. “Pick up the phone! You don’t need a reason to call. This is what keeps some of my 20+ year friendships alive and strong. ____18____”

Ju st be a good listener. “My best friend in world is from freshman year in college,” shares Judy Gropen. “She says that it is because I actually listen to her, and I am shocked by how smart and kind she is and different from anyone I know.”

___19___ “My best friend Helen and I are going on 32 years, and we never call out the other person on being an absentee friend,” shares Angela Randall. “Life happens and when you are in different places and going through different things, just pick up where you both are.”

___20___ “It’s said that technology is destroying relationships, but there are few things as nice as being connected with you best friends since elementary school by an ongoing group text,” says Lauren Schwwartz Gamsey. “We are busy working mums across sev en cities in three states, and we can still share everyday thoughts, big news, and silly stories as if we had never moved away from each other.

A. Turn technology to your advantage.

B. Sometimes one party forgets to be present, but that’s OK.

C. Now we each host a meal at our home throughout the year.

D. When you start needing a reason to call, you lose daily connection.

E. The keys to keeping a strong friendship often take a lifetime to learn.

F. All I need is homemade coffee and a speakerphone and it’s li ke we are together.

G. A true friend will always be grateful for honesty, even in the stickiest of situations.

【答案】16. E 17. G 18. D 19. B 20. A

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了维持长久友谊的方法。

【详解】1.前文“The deepest friendship spans(跨越) time and space.”（最深的友谊跨越时空。）对应选项E中的a strong friendship，后文“So we asked some people how they’ve managed to make their bonds unbreakable.”（所以我们问了一些人他们是如何让他们的纽带坚不可摧的。）中的make their bonds unbreakable对应选项E中的The keys to keeping a strong friendship。所以选项E（保持牢固友谊的关键往往需要一生的时间去学习。）切合文意。故选E。

2.前文“Honesty is always the best policy.”（诚实永远是上策。）对应选项G中的honesty，“Never be scared to tell your best friends how you are really feeling about any situation. ”（永远不要害怕告诉你最好的朋友你对任何情

况的真实感受。）对应选项G中的even in the stickiest of situations，所以选项G（真正的朋友总是感激诚实，即使在最棘手的情况下。）切合文意。故选G。

3.前文“Pick up the phone! You don’t need a reason to call.This is what keeps some of my 20+ year friendships alive and strong. ”（拿起电话！打电话不需要理由。这就是让我20多年的友谊保持鲜活和牢固的原因。）说明打电话保持联系是保持友谊牢固的方法，无需理由，对应选项D（当你开始需要一个打电话的理由时，你就失去了日常联系。）切合文意。上下文是转折关系。故选D。

4.根据后文“My best friend Helen and I are going on 32 years, and we never call out the other person on bei ng an absentee friend”（我最好的朋友海伦和我已经交往32年了，但我们从来不会因为对方是一个缺席的朋友而指责对方）可知，此处是指即使有时候一方忘记到场也没有关系，所以选项B（有时有一方会忘记到场，但没关系。）切合文意。故选B。

5.根据后文“It’s said that technology is destroying relationships, but there are few things as nice as being connected with you best frie nds since elementary school by an ongoing group text”（有人说科技正在破坏人际关系，但很少有什么能比通过一组短信和你从小学开始最好的朋友保持联系更美好的了）可知，此处是指要将科技变成你的优势，所以选项A（把技术变成你的优势。）切合文意。故选A。

第三部分语言运用(共两小节，满分30分)

第一节(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

With the rise of social media in recent years, young people around the globe have easy access to shocking

___21___ about how we’re currently ___22___ to look after the Earth. Websites provide accessible information about ___23___ matters that quickly have millions of views, and links to new scientific information are easily

___24___. But, it’s not just online research that uncovers the ___25___, and it’s not a ___26___ threat either. Climate change is happening around us; our oceans are 30 percent more acidic(酸性的) and one and a half acres of forest are cut down every second.

Of course, just because ___27___ people are now readily armed with such information doesn’t mean all

___28___ will eagerly listen to them. Many ___29___ young activists simply due to their age, and others still aren’t willing to see the environmental ___30___ we face, but that doesn’t mean a ___31___ can’t be made.

In fact, there are some ___32___ to being a young environmentalist. A study on participants aged 16-24 in the UN climate negotiations showed that adults thought of younger activists as being ___33___ due to the lack of financial problems. Young activists not only aren’t ___34___ by busy schedules being forced on them, but they also have a simple-hearted view of what’s going on and , being ___35___ from politics, they often say what adults aren’t willing to.

21. A. comment B. information C. knowledge D. feeling

22. A. failing B. continuing C. managing D. stopping

23. A. financial B. political C. environmental D. technical

24. A. shared B. added C. included D. selected

25. A. secret B. history C. source D. truth

26. A. serious B. distant C. public D. common

27. A. strong B. smart C. young D. local

28. A. adults B. children C. scientists D. activists

29. A. wear down B. believe in C. know about D. write off

30. A. benefits B. protection C. challenges D. education

31. A. difference B. decision C. deal D. choice

32. A. advantages B. limits C. keys D. purposes

33. A. more friendly B. more trustworthy C. poorer D. busier

34. A. supported B. treated C. paid D. influenced

35. A. safe B. tired C. free D. absent

【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. C 31.

A 32. A 33.

B 34. D 35. C

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。随着社交媒体的发展，全球的年轻人能够接触到环境问题日益严重的惊人信息，并且能够成为保护环境的主力军。

【详解】1.考查名词辨析。句意：近年来，随着社交媒体的兴起，世界各地的年轻人很容易接触到关于我们目前是如何未能照顾好地球的令人震惊的信息。https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c54934157.html,ment评论；https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c54934157.html,rmation信息；C.knowledge知识；

D.feeling感觉。根据后文“about how we’re currently failing to look after the Earth.”（关于我们目前是如何未能照顾好地球）可知，此处是指接触到这些信息。故选B。

2.考查动词辨析。句意：近年来，随着社交媒体的兴起，世界各地的年轻人很容易接触到关于我们目前是如何未能照顾好地球的令人震惊的信息。A.failing失败，没有；B.continuing继续；C.managing管理；D.stopping 停止。根据后文“Climate change is happening around us; our oceans are 30 percent more acidic(酸性的) and one and a half acres of forest are cut down every second.”（气候变化正在我们身边发生;我们的海洋的酸性要高出30%，每秒钟就有1.5英亩的森林被砍伐。）可知，此处是指我们目前未能照顾好地球。故选A。

3.考查形容词辨析。句意：网站提供了关于环境问题的可访问信息，这些信息很快就有了数百万的浏览量，而且新的科学信息的链接也很容易共享。A.financial金融的；B.political政治的；C.environmental环境的；

D.technical技术的。根据后文“Climate change is happening around us; our oceans are 30 percent more acidic(酸性的) and one and a half acres of fore st are cut down every second.”（气候变化正在我们身边发生;我们的海洋的酸性要高出30%，每秒钟就有1.5英亩的森林被砍伐。）可知，此处是指关于环境问题的信息。故选C。

4.考查动词辨析。句意：网站提供了关于环境问题的可访问信息，这些信息很快就有了数百万的浏览量，而且新的科学信息的链接也很容易共享。A.shared分享；B.added添加；C.included包括；D.selected选择。根据主语links to new scientific information可知，此处是指链接分享。故选A。

5.考查名词辨析。句意：但是，揭示真相的不仅仅是在线研究，它也不是一个遥远的威胁。A.secret秘密；

B.history历史；

C.source来源；

D.truth真相。根据“about how we’re currently failing to look after the Earth.”（关于我们目前是如何未能照顾好地球）可知，此处是指在线研究揭露了这个真相。故选D。

6.考查形容词辨析。句意：但是，揭示真相的不仅仅是在线研究，它也不是一个遥远的威胁。A.serious严肃的；B.distant遥远的；C.public公开的；https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c54934157.html,mon普遍的。根据后文“Climate change is happening around us; our oceans are 30 percent more acidic(酸性的) and one and a half acres of forest are cut down every second.”（气候变化正在我们身边发生;我们的海洋的酸性要高出30%，每秒钟就有1.5英亩的森林被砍伐。）可知，现在问题严重，所以威胁并不遥远。故选B。

7.考查形容词辨析。句意：当然，仅仅因为年轻人现在已经掌握了这些信息，并不意味着所有的成年人都会热切地倾听他们。A.strong强壮的；B.smart时髦的；C.young年轻的；D.local当地的。根据前文“With the rise of social media in recent years, young people around the globe have easy access to shocking information about how we’re currently failing to look after the Earth. ”可知，此处是指年轻人现在已经掌握了这些信息。故选C。

8.考查名词辨析。句意：当然，仅仅因为年轻人现在已经掌握了这些信息，并不意味着所有的成年人都会热切地倾听他们。A.adults成年人；B.children孩子；C.scientists科学家；D.activists积极分子。根据“A study on participants aged 16-24 in the UN climate negotiations showed that adults thought of younger activists as being 13due to the lack of financial problems. ”可知，此处是指并不意味着所有的成年人都会热切地倾听他们。故选A。

9.考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多人仅仅因为年龄的原因就把年轻的活动人士排除在外，还有一些人仍然不愿意看到我们所面临的环境挑战，但这并不意味着我们不能做出改变。A.wear down磨损；B.believe in信任；

C.know about了解；

D.write off取消。根据前文“Of course, just because young people are now readily armed with such information doesn’t mean all adults will eagerly listen to them. ”可知，此处是指许多人因为年龄的原因就把年轻的活动人士排除在外。故选D。

10.考查名词辨析。句意：许多人仅仅因为年龄的原因就把年轻的活动人士排除在外，还有一些人仍然不愿

意看到我们所面临的环境挑战，但这并不意味着我们不能做出改变。A.benefits好处；B.protection保护；C.challenges挑战；https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c54934157.html,cation教育。根据后文“Climate change is happening around us; our oceans are 30 percent more acidic(酸性的) and one and a half acres of forest are cut down every second.”（气候变化正在我们身边发生;我们的海洋的酸性要高出30%，每秒钟就有1.5英亩的森林被砍伐。）可知，我们面临着环境的挑战。故选C。

11.考查名词辨析。句意：许多人仅仅因为年龄的原因就把年轻的活动人士排除在外，还有一些人仍然不愿意看到我们所面临的环境挑战，但这并不意味着我们不能做出改变。A.difference不同；B.decision决定；

C.deal交易；

D.choice选择。根据转折词but可知，此处是指这并不意味着我们不能做出改变。make a difference 意为“做出改变”。故选A。

12.考查名词辨析。句意：事实上，做一个年轻的环保主义者有一些优势。A.advantages优势，好处；B.limits 限制；C.keys关键；D.purposes目的。根据后文“Young activists not only aren’t influenced by busy schedules being forced on them, but they also have a simple-hearted view of what’s going on”（年轻的积极分子不仅不会被强加在他们身上的繁忙日程所影响，而且他们对正在发生的事情的看法也很简单）可知，此处是指做一个年轻的环保主义者有一些优势。故选A。

13.考查形容词辨析。句意：一项针对联合国气候谈判中16-24岁参与者的研究显示，由于没有资金问题，成年人认为年轻的活动家更值得信赖。A.more friendly更友好的；B.more trustworthy更值得信赖的；C.poorer 更贫穷的；D.busier更忙碌的。根据后文“due to the lack of financial problems”可知，此处是指年轻人更值得信任。故选B。

14.考查动词辨析。句意：年轻的积极分子不仅不会被强加在他们身上的繁忙日程所影响，而且他们对正在发生的事情的看法也很简单，而且由于不受政治的影响，他们经常说一些成年人不愿意说的话。A.supported 支持；B.treated对待；C.paid付；D.influenced影响。根据busy schedules being forced on them可知，此处是指不受繁忙事务影响。故选D。

15.考查形容词辨析。句意：年轻的积极分子不仅不会被强加在他们身上的繁忙日程所影响，而且他们对正在发生的事情的看法也很简单，而且由于不受政治的影响，他们经常说一些成年人不愿意说的话。A.safe 安全的；B.tired疲劳的；C.free不受约束的；D.absent缺席的。根据后文“they often say what adults aren’t willing to”（他们经常说些大人不愿意说的话）可知，他们不受政治影响。故选C。

第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The ratio of overweight people _____36_____(participate) in a survey increased from 29% in 2012 to 31.5% in 2016, and the number of highly overweight people ____37____(rise) to 550,000, creating ____38____ serious headache for medical services. The increase of highly overweight people was _____39_____(particular) sharp

among those in their 20s. The numbers came from a study of physical examinations _____40_____(publish) by the Health Insurance Service.

According to the survey, the highly obesity (肥胖) rate among young people can be a result of their addiction ____41____ salt intake and soft drinks from childhood. Eating too much salty food is considered as a main factor, ____42____ leads to health problems. Besides, drinking soft drinks is also ____43____(blame) because it makes people more likely ____44____(gain) weight.

The result may affect the new lifestyle of those people. Cutting down on salt may be hard, ______45______ repeated training to prefer less salty food is necessary. Start by adding half as much salt to your dinner as you normally do.

【答案】36. participating

37. rose 38. a

39. particularly

40. published

41. to 42. which

43. to blame

44. to gain

45. but

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章提出了超重人群数量的直线上升问题，分析原因并且提出了解决办法。

【36题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：参与调查的超重人群比例从2012年的29%上升到2016年的31.5%，高超重人群数量上升到55万人，给医疗服务带来了严重的困扰。动词participate意为“参加”，和逻辑主语overweight people构成主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填participating。

【37题详解】

考查动词时态。句意：参与调查的超重人群比例从2012年的29%上升到2016年的31.5%，高超重人群数量上升到55万人，给医疗服务带来了严重的困扰。根据increased可知，此处用一般过去时。故填rose。【38题详解】

考查不定冠词。句意：参与调查的超重人群比例从2012年的29%上升到2016年的31.5%，高超重人群数量上升到55万人，给医疗服务带来了严重的困扰。此处headache意为“困扰”，为可数名词，此处为泛指，应用不定冠词，serious是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。

【39题详解】

考查副词。句意：在20多岁的人群中，超重人群的增加尤为明显。修饰形容词sharp，应用副词。故填particularly。

【40题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：这些数据来自健康保险服务发布的一项身体检查研究。动词publish意为“发布”，和逻辑主语a study构成被动关系，且事情已经完成，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填published。

【41题详解】

考查介词。句意：根据调查，年轻人的高肥胖率可能是他们从小对盐的摄入和软饮料上瘾的结果。表示“对……的上瘾”应用addiction to，为固定搭配。故填to。

【42题详解】

考查定语从句。句意：吃太多的咸食物被认为是导致健康问题的一个主要因素。此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词为a main factor，在从句中做主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。

【43题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，饮用软饮料也是罪魁祸首，因为它使人们更容易增重。be to blame意为“应该受责备”，为固定搭配。故填to blame。

【44题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，饮用软饮料也是罪魁祸首，因为它使人们更容易增重。be likely to do意为“可能做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to gain。

【45题详解】

考查连词。句意：减少盐的摄入量可能很难，但反复训练让自己喜欢不那么咸的食物是必要的。“Cutting down on salt may be hard”和“repeated training to prefer less salty food is necessary”构成转折关系，应用转折连词but。故填but。

第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(满分15分)

46. 假定你是李华，你市体育中心计划下周开设太极体验课，请你给你校外籍教师Bob写一封邮件，内容包括:

1. 邀请他一同参加；

2. 介绍课程信息、时间、地点和课程内容等；

3. 期待回复。

注意:写作词数应为80左右。

Dear Bob,

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________

Yours

Li Hua 【答案】Dear Bob,

I’m writing to invite you to experience a tai chi class with me.

The sports center in our city is going to offer tai chi courses. A famous tai chi coach will give you instructions from 8 a.m. to 11 a. m. this Saturday , during which time he will also give a lecture as to the history of tai chi and the benefits it will bring.

I’m convinced that it will be a fantastic chance for you to experience. So come with me! I’m looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua 【解析】

【分析】

本篇书面表达属于一篇应用文。要求考生给外教Bob写一封邮件，邀请他一起参加下周的太极体验课。【详解】第一步：审题

体裁：应用文

时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。

结构：总分法

总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。

要求：

1. 邀请他一同参加；

2. 介绍课程信息、时间、地点和课程内容等；

3.期待回复。

第二步:列提纲（重点词组）

invite sb to do，experience a tai chi class，come with sb，give a lecture，give sb instructions，look forward to 第三步：连词成句

1. I’m writing to invite you to experie nce a tai chi class with me.

2. The sports center in our city is going to offer tai chi courses

3. A famous tai chi coach will give you instructions from 8 a.m. to 11 a. m. this Saturday

4. I’m convinced that it will be a fantastic chance for you to exper ience.

5. .Looking forward to your reply.

根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。

第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）

1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second … And then, Finally, In the end, At last （供参考）

2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, In addition （供参考）

3.表因果关系：, So

连句成文，注意使用恰当的

连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。

【点睛】[高分句型1] A famous tai chi coach will give you instructions from 8 a.m. to 11 a. m. this Saturday , during which time he will also give a lecture as to the history of tai chi and the benefits it will bring.(运用“介词+关系代词”形式的非限制性定语从句)

[高分句型2] I’m convinced that it will be a fantastic chance for you to experience.( 运用be convinced that...句型 )

第二节 (满分25分)

47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Once there lived a smart boy named Eric. He always topped every subject in his class. However, he had one shortcoming －he never respected others. He was very rude to everyone and made fun of those who got less marks than him.

“My dear, it is praiseworthy that you get good marks, but it is very bad to be a rude person,” advised hi s father. Eric replied with pride, “Being the first in everything is enough to make everyone respect me.”

His father tried to explain, “If you don’t give respect to others, how will they give respect to you? As someone rightly said, ‘Give respect and take respect.’” “Dad, I do not believe in such things,” replied Eric.

However, Eric gradually noticed that in his class no one wanted to sit with him, and even his friends started to ignore him.

A month passed, still none of his classmates agreed to sit with him or talked to him. He tried to console(安慰) himself with the thought that being a good student, he has the respect of his teachers.

But soon he realized that it was all a delusion(错觉).

2021年江苏省盐城市大丰区第一共同体中考化学一模试卷

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2019年最新题库 江苏省盐城市第一中学学年度第一学期期末考试高一年级化学试卷

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