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专四语法常见考点

专四语法常见考点
专四语法常见考点

专四语法常见考点

1. 限定词

限定词是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、类指以及表示确定数量和非确定数量等限定作用的词类,主要包括冠词(a, an, the)、物主限定词(如my, her)、指示限定词(如this, those, such)、不定限定词(如all, both, no)、疑问限定词(如what, which, whose)、关系限定词(如whose)、名词属格(如Tom's, China's)以及数词(如one, second)等。

2. 情态助动词

?主要情态助动词的用法(can/could, ma 1y/might, will/would, shall, should, must, need, dare)

?情态动词+have+过去分词

3. 非谓语动词

非谓语动词也叫非限定动词,指的是由动词变化而成,仍具有动词的性质与原义,但不能作动词使用的词。非谓语动词和动词一样可以带有宾语、副词、补语等,主要有以下三大类:分词、不定式和动名词。非谓语动词可以充当多种成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。

4. 名词性从句

名词性从句是指在句子中起名词作用的句子,功能相当于名词词组。根据其在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

5. 定语从句

?定语从句就是修饰名词或代词的从句,通常在被修饰词的后面,本质上相当于形容词的作用。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。

?定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句是先行词不可或缺的部分,去掉后主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。

6. 状语从句

如果一个从句用作状语,功能相当于副词并修饰动词、形容词或整个句子,那么该从句就是状语从句。根据其作用,状语从句可分为时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果等状语从句。

7. 时态与语态

?时态。英语主要的时态有12种,分别是:一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时,现在完成进行时;一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去完成进行时;一般将来时,将来进行时,将来完成时,将来完成进行时。

?语态。英语中分为主动语态与被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

8. 虚拟语气

?虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式,用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或纯粹的空想等非真实情况。

?虚拟语气可划分成以下类型:if非真实条件句中的虚拟语气,介词或介词短语表示虚拟条件,宾语从句、主语从句、表语和同位语从句、状语从句中的虚拟语气,其他句型中的虚拟语气。

9. 其他

?专四语法基本概念

单词;短语;句子;句子类型;句子成分[必须的成分:主语和谓语。可能有的成分:宾语,补语,修饰语[定语、状语、同位语]。

?名词与主谓一致

?形容词、副词及比较结构

?介词

?代词

大体上分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词等。

?反意疑问句

反意疑问句也叫附加疑问句,主要由“陈述部分+附加疑问部分”构成。

?倒装与省略

倒装:英语陈述句的正常语序是主语在前,谓语在后。但是在某些场合,为了强调、突出等目的会颠倒原有语序,这种句式叫做倒装句。倒装句分为完全倒装和部分倒装这两种形式。

省略:为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接,英语中常常会省略。

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