2014年六级冲刺串讲阅读讲义

六级阅读冲刺串讲

冲刺指南：

1、把握各题型的基本特征与解题方法；

2、把握正确答案的特征；

3、把握错误答案（干扰项）特征；

4、把握题目对应原文出题点的特征。

仔细阅读

例一：细节题

Low-level slash-and-burn farming doesn't harm rainforest. On the contrary, it helps farmers and improves forest soils. This is the unorthodox view of a German soil scientist who has shown that.....

We learn from the passage that the traditional view of slash-and-burn farming is that ________. (05-6-11)

A. it does no harm to the topsoil of the rainforest

B. it destroys rainforest soils

C. it helps improve rainforest soils

D. it diminishes the organic matter in rainforest soils

例二：细节题

Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.

We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.

58. What does the author think of the new immigrants?

A. They will be a dynamic work force in the U. S.

B. They can do just as well as their predecessors.

C. They will be very disappointed on the new land.

D. They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream.

例三：细节题

Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einstein’s training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenager—Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasn’t long before he became a philosopher himself.

......

And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well known. ....

58. What was critical to Einstein’s success?

A His talent as an accomplished musician.

B His independent and abstract thinking.

C His untiring effort to fulfill his potential.

D His solid foundation in math theory.

例四：细节题

The highly precise data from the two instruments—which, Bille hopes, will one day be found at the opticians (眼镜商) all over the world—serve as a basis for the production of completely individualized contact lenses that correct and enhance the wearer’s vision.

Individualized contact lenses (Line 7, Para. 2) are lenses designed ________. (03-6-38)

A. to work like an astronomical telescope

B. to suit the wearer’s specific needs

C. to process extremely accurate data

D. to test the wearer’s eyesig ht

例五：细节题

If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.

61. How can the university sector play a key role in the UK's economic growth?

A. By establishing more regional technology transfer offices.

B. By asking the government to invest in technology transfer research.

C. By promoting technology transfer and graduate school education.

D. By increasing the efficiency of technology transfer agencies.

细节题总结：

1、注意题干的时间词、强调词、主体词

2、正确答案一般具有同义词替换，常对原文进行提炼

3、错误答案有错词与不错词两种错误

4、常考原文转折、因果、强调描述

例六：例证题

Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. (03-12-33)

The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in order to __.

A. emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of 'human nature'

B. show that the concept of “human nature” was used to justify social evils

C. prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of 'human nature'

D. support the idea that some human traits are acquired

It turns out there’s no economic benefit to just having a goal---you ju st get a psychological benefit” Schweitzer says. “But in many cases, goals have economic rewards that make them more powerful.”

A prime example Schweitzer and his colleagues cite is the 2004 collapse of energy-trading giant Enron,

where managers used financial incentives to motivate salesmen to meet specific revenue goals. The problem, Schweitzer says, is the actual trades were not profitable.

53. What does Maurice Schweitzer want to show by citing the example of Enron?(12-6)

A. Setting realistic goals can turn a failing business into success.

B. Businesses are less likely to succeed without setting realistic goals.

C. Financial incentives ensure companies meet specific revenue goals.

D. Goals with financial rewards have strong motivational power.

Henry Flores, a political-science professor at St. Mary's University, ........ That's exactly what the Generation O bloggers are hoping to do. The result could be a group of young people that, like their boomer (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)parents, grows up with a strong sense of purpose and sheds the image of apathy (冷漠)they've inherited from Generation X (60 年代后期和70 年代出生的美国人). It's no small challenge for a blog run by a group of ordinary—if ambitious—young people, but the members of Generation O are up to the task.

56. What can we infer from the passage about Generation X? (10-6)

A. They are politically conservative.

B. They reject conventional values.

C. They dare to take up challenges.

D. They are indifferent to politics.

例九：推理题

In December, Mortimer Zuckerman wrote a column in U. S. News & World Report, which lie owns. "Our nation’s core bargain with the middle class is disintegrating, " lamented (哀叹) the 117th-riehest man in America. "Most of our economic gains have gone to people at the very top of the income ladder. Average income for a household of people of working age, by contrast, has fallen five years in a row. " He noted that "Tens of millions of Americans live in fear that a major health problem can reduce them to bankruptcy. "

62. What do we learn from Mortimer Zuckerman's lamentation? (07-12)

A) Many middle-income families have failed to make a bargain for better welfare.

B) The American economic system has caused many companies to go bankrupt.

C) The American nation is becoming more and more divided despite its wealth.

D) The majority of Americans benefit little from the nation's growing wealth.

例十：主旨题

Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth.... This is especially true in agriculture,（首段）

To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly .......

Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution......

All this means that agriculture in the 21st century will have to be very different .....

What is crucial is recognising that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production.......（末段）

56. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? (08-12)

A. To remind people of the need of sustainable development.

B. To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production.

C. To advance new criteria for measuring farming progress.

D. To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is.

例十一：主旨题

And it's all true. But the other side of that equation is that the U.S. needs to save more. ......

Why does the U.S. need to learn a little frugality (节俭)？Because.......

The U.S. government thus needs to act as well. By running constant deficits, it is dis-saving, even as households save more. .......

..... If Americans saved more and spent less, consistently over time, they wouldn’t have to worry about all that.

61. What is the author's purpose of writing the passage? (12-12)

A) To urge the American government to cut deficits.

B) To encourage Chinese people to spend more.

C) To tell Americans not to worry about their economy.

D) To promote understanding between China and America.

例十二：态度题

...... Why? We feel something similar to a sense of ownership when we hold things in our hand. That's why we establish or reestablish connection by greeting strangers and friends with a handshake. In this case, having to then let go of the book after holding it might generate a subtle sense of loss, and motivate us to make the purchase even more.

55. How might people feel after letting go of something they held?

A) A sense of disappointment C) A subtle loss of interest

B) More motivated to own it. D) Less sensitive to its texture.

作者态度题不选词：

subjective puzzled confused

indifferent biased prejudiced

detached neutral pessimistic

非细节题总结：

1、例证题要往例子上面看；

2、推理题解题不脱离原文；

3、主旨题重点看各段首句；

4、态度题分清作者和他人。

信息匹配

46. The rigorous requirements placed on the writing of poetry stimulate the poet's creativity.

47. With creativity, even old-fashioned instruments may produce spectacular sound effects.

48. More money does not necessarily bring greater happiness.

49. It is a false assumption that lessons should be made easier to learn.

50. Obstacles deliberately placed in the creation of music contribute to its success.

51. Those who enjoy total freedom may not find themselves happy.

52. Ted Hughes discovered many long poems submitted for poetry competition were composed on computers.

53. Maybe we need to bear in mind that the right obstacles help lead us to greater achievements.

54. An investigation found that many of the super-rich were baffled by the infinite choices their money made available.

55. One free social networking website turned out to be successful because it limited each posting to one hundred and forty characters.

46. The rigorous requirements placed on the writing of poetry stimulate the poet's creativity.

G) As a poet, Ted Hughes had an acute sensitivity to the way in which constraints on self-expression, like the disciplines of metre and rhyme (韵律), spur creative thought. What applies to poets and musicians also applies to our daily lives. We tend to equate (等同) happiness with freedom, but, as the psychotherapist and writer Adam Phillips has observed, without obstacles to our desires it's harder to know what we want, or where we’re heading. He tells the story of a patient, .......

52. Ted Hughes discovered many long poems submitted for poetry competition were composed on computers.

D) ..... For more than two decades, starting in the 1960s, the poet Ted Hughes sat on the judging panel of an annual poetry competition for British schoolchildren. During the 1980s he noticed an in- creasing number of long poems among the submissions, with some running to 70 or 80 pages. These poems were ...... After making inquiries Hughes discovered that they were being composed on computers, then just finding their way into British homes.

55. One free social networking website turned out to be successful because it limited each posting to one hundred and forty characters.

J) The internet makes information billionaires out of all of us, and the architects of our online experiences are catching on to the need to make things creatively difficult. Twi tter’s huge success is rooted in the simple but profound insight that in a medium with infinite space for self-expression, the most interesting thing we can do is restrict ourselves to 140 characters. .....（长串文字）

47. With creativity, even old-fashioned instruments may produce spectacular sound effects.

C) Lucky for us. Over the next two years they made their most groundbreaking work, turning the recording studio into a magical instrument of its own. Precisely because they were working with old-fashioned machines, George Martin and his team of engineers were forced to apply every ounce of their creativity to solve the problems posed ......featured revolutionary sound effects that dazzled and mystified Martin's American counterparts.

54. An investigation found that many of the super-rich were baffled by the infinite choices their money made available.

I) Indeed, ease of acquisition is the problem. The novelist Edward St Aubyn has a narrator remark of the very rich that, “not having to consider affordabil ity, their desires rambled on like unstoppable bores, relentless （持续不断的）and whimsical (反覆无常的) at the same time.” ...... He found that many of his subjects were confused by the infinite options their money presented them with. They found it hard to know what to want, creating a kind of existential bafflement.

选词填空

Quite often, educators tell families of children who are learning English as a second language to speak only English,

and not their native language, at home. Although these educators may have good 36 , their advice to families is misguided, and it 37 from misunderstandings about the process of language acquisition. Educators may fear that children hearing two languages will become 38 confused and thus their language development will be 39 ; this concern is not documented in the literature.

A) asset I) permanently

B) delayed J) prevalent

C) deviates K) simultaneously

D) equivalent L) stems

E) identified M) successively

F) intentions N) underlying

G) object O) visualizing

H) overwhelming

Quite often, educators tell families of children who are learning English as a second language to speak only English, and not their native language, at home. Although these educators may have good intentions, their advice to families is misguided, and it stems from misunderstandings about the process of language acquisition. Educators may fear that children hearing two languages will become permanently confused and thus their language development will be delayed ; this concern is not documented in the literature.

Children are capable of learning more than one language, whether simultaneously or sequentially (依次地). In fact, most children outside of the United States are expected to become bilingual or even, in many cases, multilingual. Globally, knowing more than one language is viewed as an asset and even a necessity in many areas.

三、例题：

To understand why we should be concerned about how young people read, it helps to know something about the way the ability to read evolved. Unlike the ability to understand and produce spoken language, the ability to read must be painstakingly 36 by each individual. The “reading circuits” we construct in the brain can be 37 or they can be robust, depending on how often and how 38 we use them.

A) acquired I) intimate

B) actually J) notwithstanding

C) attachment K) petition

D) cheated L) rather

E) engaged M) scarcely

F) feeble N) swayed

G) illicit O) vigorously

H) insistence

To understand why we should be concerned about how young people read, it helps to know something about the way the ability to read evolved. Unlike the ability to understand and produce spoken language, the ability to read must be painstakingly acquired by each individual. The “reading circuits” we construct in the brain can be feeble or they can be robust, depending on how often and how vigorously we use them.

新题型总结：

1、信息匹配题找题干含有时间、数词、专有名词的先做；注意可能某段会对应两题；

经常匹配到段落的第二句。

2、选词填空题常考并列关系，介词短语，固定搭配等，需要做适当积累。

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雅思精讲阅读班精讲班第8讲讲义 Questions 25-28 说明：录音开始的2分钟内容已经在上一讲中讲过。。。 Questions 25-28 What is a dinosaur? A. Although the name dinosaur is derived from the Greek for “terrible lizard”, dinosaurs were not, in fact, lizards at all. Like lizards, dinosaurs are included in the class Reptilia, or reptiles, one of the five main classes of Vertebrata, animals with backbones. However, at the next level of classification, within reptiles, significant differences in the skeletal anatomy of lizards and dinosaurs have led scientists to place these groups of animals into two different superorders: Lepidosauria, or lepidosaurs, and Archosauria, or archosaurs. B. Classified as lepidosaurs are lizards and snakes and their prehistoric ancestors. Included among the archosaurs, or “ruling reptiles”, are prehistoric and modern crocodiles, and the now extinct thecondonts, pterosaurs and dinosaurs. Paleontologists believe that both dinosaurs and crocodiles evolved, in the later years of the Triassic Period (c. 248-208 million years ago), from creatures called pseudosuchian thecodonts. Lizards, snakes and different types of thecondont are believed to have evolved earlier in the Triassic Period from reptiles known as eosuchians. C. The most important skeletal differences between dinosaurs and other archosaurs are in the bones of the skull, pelvis and limbs. Dinosaur skulls are found in a great range of shapes and sizes, reflecting the different eating habits and lifestyles of a large and varied group of animals that dominated life on Earth for an extraordinary 165 million years. However, unlike the skulls of any other known animals, the skulls of dinosaurs had two long bones known as vomers. These bones extended on either side of the head, from the front of the snout to the level of the holes in the skull known as the antorbital fenestra, situated in front of the dinosaur’s orbits or eyesockets. D. All dinosaurs, whether large or small, quadrupedal or bipedal, fleet-footed or

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六级阅读包括：快读阅读（占全卷10%），简短回答（占全卷5%），精读（占全卷20%）。六级精读共包括两篇文章，做题时间为20分钟左右，最多勿超过25分钟。六级精读词汇量大、句子结构复杂，因而准确解答关键在于两点：定位和理解。通常采用的解题方法是：（1）阅读题干，推断文章主题；（2）确定题型，找出关键词；（3）浏览文章，圈定关键词；（4）理解区域，对比选项。 请在12分钟内完成以下题目： The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United states has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid1920s. We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting America’s bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did. We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success. Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains don’t continue. Indeed, the fouth generation is marginally worse off than the third James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants, Tells fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks-that large parts of the community may become mired（陷入）in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and Underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to (降入)segregated, substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country. We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own, but as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people , once outsiders , don’t forever remain marginalized within these shores. That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest ware of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right. 1. How were immigrants viewed by U.S. Congress in early days? A) They were of inferior races. B) They were a Source of political corruption. C) They were a threat to the nation’s security. D) They were part of the nation’s bloodstream. 2. What does the author think of the new immigrants? A) They will be a dynamic work force in the U.S. B) They can do just as well as their predecessors. C) They will be very disappointed on the new land. D) They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream. 3. What does Edward Telles’ research say about Mexican-Americans? A) They may slowly improve from generation to generation. B) They will do better in terms of educational attainment. C) They will melt into the African-American community. D) They may forever remain poor and underachieving. 4. What should be done to help the new immigrants? A) Rid them of their inferiority complex. B) Urge them to adopt American customs. C) Prevent them from being marginalized. D) Teach them standard American English. 5. According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is_______. A) How to deal with people entering the U.S. without documents B) How to help immigrants to better fit into American society C) How to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the border D) How to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U.S.