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“疑问词_不定式”的若干个易错点[1]

“疑问词_不定式”的若干个易错点[1]
“疑问词_不定式”的若干个易错点[1]

“疑问词+不定式”的若干个易错点

昌江中学陈玮

动词不定式是英语中的一项重要语法。它的用法很广,可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语。另外,不定式还可用于“疑问词+不定式”结构中。疑问代词what, which, who 和疑问副词when, where, how及连接副词whether与不定式连用可以形成一个短语,这个短语相当于一个名词,可在句中作主语、宾语或表语等。这个结构通常用在forget, tell, find out, discuss, teach, know, learn, wonder, remember等动词之后作宾语,或是作主语和表语。例如:Mr. Li taught us how to work out the difficult problem.(动宾)李先生教我们如何解决难题。Please tell me when to start?(动宾)请告诉我何时出发?

What to do next hasn’t been discussed.(主语)下一步做什么还没讨论呢。

The biggest problem is how to deal w ith the waste paper.(表语)最大的问题是如何处理这些废纸。Last summer I took a course on how to make dresses.(介宾)

去年夏天,我选了一门讲如何做衣服的课程。

此外,“疑问词+不定式”结构还可以相当于一个名词性从句,常常可用同等成分的从句代替。改写后的句子需要在疑问词后加上相对应的主语,并要注意主谓语单复数的一致性。如:Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher.

=Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher.

杰克不知道到哪去找那么好的老师。

The question is where to put i t.=The question is where we should put it

.问题是应该放在哪里才好。

然而,这个结构看似简单,但也容易出错,有几点是需要我们注意的:

易错一:按照英语语法的习惯,疑问副词why后不直接跟动词不定式。如:

误:I don't know why to choose that dictionary.

正:I don’t know why you must choose that dictionary.

但它可以接不带to的动词不定式(即动词原形),构成Why do sth.?/Why not do sth? 结构。肯定形式表示某动作是不必要的或没有意义的,而否定形式则用于向某人提建议和表达看法,相当于祈使句。

Today is Sunday. Why not go out to relax yourself?今天是周日,干嘛不出去轻松一下呢?Why pay more at other shops? We have the best value.

为什么花更多的钱到其他商店去买?我们这里物美价廉。

另外,需要注意:这个结构的否定式通常只用于谈论现在和将来,而不用于谈论过去。如:误:Why not clean the room yesterday?

正:Why didn’t you clean the room yesterday?

易错二:有些动词可以直接跟不定式作宾语,但有些动词是不能直接跟不定式作宾语的,这时它们可以接“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语。这类动词主要有:know, suggest, consider, discover, discuss, explain, understand, wonder等。如:

He knows how to play the piano.他会弹钢琴。

We never discovered how to open the box. 我们一直未发现如何打开这个盒子。

Can you explain how to make a cake? 你可以给我解释一下怎么做蛋糕吗?

有些动词,如tell, ask, show, advise, teach, inform等,还可以先加上一个间接宾语,之后再加上“疑问词+不定式”结构作直接宾语。如:

Please tell us where to show our tickets.请告诉我们在哪里验票。

Have you told him where to get the application form?你告诉他到哪里去拿申请表了吗?

易错三:“疑问词+不定式”结构,通常不用于动词think的现在式和过去式之后,但可以用于think的其他形式之后(如现在进行式),如:

I’m thinking what to do next.我在想接下来要做什么。

I’m thinking how to use this computer. 我在想如何使用这台电脑。

有时,此结构还可以用在有助动词的think之后,如:

She couldn’t think what to give the children for Christmas.她想不出圣诞节送孩子们什么礼物。

易错四:在“which+不定式”结构中,which有时可以是疑问词,那就和我们所说的“疑问词+不定式”结构一样。如:

I can’t decide which to choose. 我不能决定选哪一个好。

Did you ask her which to buy? 你问没问她该买哪一个?

但有时which可能是关系代词,那么这个结构就相当于一个定语从句了,此时主要用于介词之后作宾语。如:

She must have time in which to grow calm. 她必须又冷静下来的时间。

=She must have time in which she can grow calm.

Allow me one minute in which to change my costumes. 给我一点时间来卸装。

=Allow me one minute in which I can change my costumes.

总的来说,“疑问词+不定式”结构简单易懂,在做题过程中,只要我们熟悉这一结构的用法,认真审题,就会达到百分之百的正确率。

一、"疑问词+不定式"的构成:由疑问代词who,whom,

what, which; 疑问副词when, how, where等+不定式构成。

Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was.选择吃什么,已经不像以前那么简单了。How to describe people is today's topic. 如何描述人物是今天的话题。

二、"疑问词+不定式"的功能:在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等成分。

1.作主语

How to give advice in English is what I am trying to learn. 我正在努力学习如何用英语提建议。

2.作宾语

①作动词的宾语

We have to start somewhere if we want to learn how to write plays.我们要学习写剧本,总得有个开头。

②作介词的宾语

We had better learn to make the right choices about what and how we eat. 我们最好能学会正确选择吃什么、怎么吃。

一、“疑问词+不定式”结构中的疑问词,包括疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词how,when,where等。这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语,这种结构可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。例如:

①How to do it is aquestion.该怎样做倒是一个问题。(作主语)

②I really don't know what to write about.我实在不知道该写些什么。(作动词宾语)

③We must first solve the problem of whom to serve.我们必须首先解决为谁服务的问题。(作介词宾语)

④The question is where to put it.问题是该把它放在哪儿才好。(作表语)

⑤I asked him how to learn English.我问他如何学习英语。(作宾语补足语)

二、“疑问词+不定式”结构相当于一个名词性从句,常常可用同等成分的从句代替。改写时只需在疑问词后加一适当主语,并将不定式改成适当形式的谓语。上述例句可以分别改写成:

①How we should do it is a question.

②I really don't know what I should write about.

③We mustfirst solve the problem ofwhom we should serve.

④The question is where we should put it.

⑤I asked him how we should learn English.

三、“疑问词+不定式”结构经常放在tell,show,teach,learn,know,wonder,discuss,remember,forget,find out等动词(词组)之后作宾语。例如:

The teacher told the students how to do the experiment.老师教学生如何做实验。

The young woman doesn't know what to do.那位年轻女子不知道怎么办。(what不能改换成how)He tells me how to answer all the questions in English.他告诉我怎样用英语回答所有的问题。

(句中的how不能省去)

另外,这种结构可以构成独立问句。例如:What to do?怎么办?

How to get rid of the trouble?如何摆脱困境?

巩固练习:

I.用“疑问词+不定式”改写下列句子。

①How we should do it was discussed last night.____ was discussed last night.

②I didn't know where I should go.I didn't know ____ .

③The difficulty was how we should cross the river.The difficulty was ____ .

II.根据汉语补全下列英语译文。

①何时动身还不知道。____ is unknown.

②我忘了该怎么办。I forgot ____ .

③我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。

I can tell you ____ .

Keys:I.① How to do it ②where to go ③ how to cross the river

II.①When to start②what to do③ Where to buy(get)this book

3.作表语

My question is where to find the answer. 我的问题是在哪里能找到答案。

三、"疑问词+不定式"的使用方法。

⒈ "疑问词+不定式"构成的短语在句中当"名词"用,可以写成相应的从句。

I am not sure how to behave at the dinner table. (= I am not sure how I should behave at the dinner table.) 对餐桌礼仪,我心中没底儿。

⒉这种结构中,疑问代词须接及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语(who, which除外)

【误】I don't know what to talk.

【正】I don't know what to talk about.

但可以说:We haven't decided who (which) to go. 我们还没定谁(哪个)去。

⒊这种结构中的疑问副词后要接不及物动词;若接及物动词, 要有动词的宾语。

I don't know how to talk. 我不知如何谈。

I wonder if you could tell me how to do it. 不知您能否告诉我如何去做这件事。(不能说: ... how to do.)

2021届河北衡水高中英语新高考语法复习讲义(067)疑问词与动词不定式连用常考知识点总结整理

2021届河北衡水高中英语新高考语法复习讲义(067)疑问词与动词不定式连用常考知识点总结整理疑问词what,who,which,when,where,how 和连词whether 之后,可跟一个带“to”的不定式,构成一个特殊的动词不定式短语,可在句中作主语、宾语和表语。如: How to solve the problem is very important. 如何解决这个问题是非常重要的。(主语) Ken didn't know what to say. 肯不知道该说什么。(宾语) The question is where to find the source of water. 问题是在什么地方能找到水源。(表语) 例题: —I don't know with this problem. It's too hard. —You can ask Mr. Wang for help. A. which to do B. when to do C. what to do D. how to do 【答案选C】不定式前加疑问词构成不定式短语作宾语。 ?for+名词或代词宾格+动词不定式

在动词不定式的复合结构中,for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词形式上是for的宾语,但在意义上是不定式的逻辑主语。这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语等。 1)作主语。如: It is necessary for us to learn from each other. 我们必须互相学习。 It is difficult for present?day readers to understand why the novel Sister Carrie was withdrawn from circulation at the beginning of the 20th century. 今天的读者难以理解为什么小说《嘉莉妹妹》在二十世纪初曾被停止发行。 It is necessary for us to learn a foreign language. 我们学一种外语是必要的。 2)作表语。如: The popular science books are for middle school students to read. 这些科普读物是给中学生看的。 It is for you to decide. 这得由你决定。 What we want is for you to understand the matter clearly. 我们所希望的是你更清楚地了解这件事。

疑问词+不定式-讲解及各题型练习

英语语法------ 疑问词+不定式 一、基本用法说明 疑问词what, which, who, when, where, how及连接副词whether与不定式连用而形成一个短语,这个短语相当于一个名词,可在句中做句子的主语、宾语或表语等。如: 1. 作主语。如: What to do is not decided yet. 该做什么还没有确定。 How to begin is more difficult than where to stop. 如何开始比到哪里停止还困难。 2. 作宾语。如: Do you know when to start? 你知道什么时候开始吗? I showed her which button to press. 我告诉她应该按哪一个按钮。 有时还可用于介词后作宾语。如: I found a book on how to avoid having a heart attack. 我找到一本书谈如何避免心脏病复发。 She was worried about how to fill her leisure time. 她为如何打发她的闲暇时间而发愁。 3. 作表语。如: The question is how to carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。 The difficulty was how to cross the river. 困难在于如何过河。 二、“疑问词+不定式(短语)”是一个很有用的结构,它的作用相当于一个名词性从句,通常在某些动词(如tell, know, imagine, learn, decided, forget, remember, consider, un derstand等)后面做宾语,有时也用作主语、表语、同位语等。如: He didn’t know how to answer her. 他不知道该怎样回答她。 When to start has not been decided. 何时动身尚未决定。 I don’t know who to ask advice from. 我不知道应向谁征求意见。 Would you please advise me which to buy? 你能否告诉我该买哪一个才好? Please explain (to me) where to begin and how to do it. 请 (给我)解释该从哪里开始及该怎么做。

动词不定式用法归纳

动词不定式用法归纳 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是not to+do。 1.作主语 可以直接作主语。如: To see is to believe. 但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如: It's wrong to play tricks on other people. It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.(Lesson 10). 点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或 It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。 2.作宾语 a.以下动词只能to do 作宾语。 attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange 安排 mean意欲,打算 begin开始 expect期望 appear似乎,显得 determine决定 manage设法 cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶 pretend假装 ask问 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 bother扰乱;烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢,宁愿 care关心,喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉,遗憾 choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺,允许 start 开始 undertake承接 want想要 intend想要 refuse拒绝 decide决定 learn学习 contrive设法,图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 seek找,寻觅 try试图 b.love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。 提示板:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。如: I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。 c.stop,forget,remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 1)stop to do sth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。 stop doing sth.:停止正在做的事。 例句:When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking;when he came out,the students stopped to talk. 当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。 2)思考:forget,remember,go on,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别d.在find/feel+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如: The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep. I feel it easy to recite the text. 点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上面stop例句。 3.作宾语补足语 a.下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求,邀请 get请,得到 prompt促使 allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢,宁愿 announce

初中英语知识点总结:动名词

知识点总结 如果一个动词加上了ing变成了名词,那么这个词称动名词。由于动名词是由动词变化而来,它仍保留着动词的某些特征,具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念。动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用,作主语、宾语、表语、定语。它也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语。 一、动名词的作用 1、作主语 1)、直接位于句首做主语。例如:Swimming is a good sport in summer. 2)、用it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。动名词做主语时,不太常用it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如:It is no use telling him not to worry. 3)、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较:动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较:Smoking is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke so much. 2、作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。 Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 3、作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如: a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing 。 4、作宾语 例:We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。 5、有些词后只能接动名词,不能跟不定式。allow;avoid; celebrate; consider; discontinue; dislike; enjoy; escape; excuse; explain; feel like; finish; forgive; can’t help;imagine; keep; it means;mind; miss; practice; prevent;等 6、另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用短语。spend money/time; think of,give up,put off,insist on,be good at,do well in,can't help,keep on,feel like,be tired (afraid,capable,fond)of,look forward to, be used to, devote oneself to, stick to, respond to, look forward to, 7、有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可,例如:remember, forget, try, stop, go on, stop,regret,, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式,但意义截然不容。例:like doing sth 表经常性动作like to do sth表习惯性动作; stop doing sth,停止正在做的事情stop to do sth停下来做另外一件事;remember,forget,regret的不定时结构指后于谓语动词的动作,动词的ing形式则先于谓语动词的动作remember to do/doing:①I remembered to post the letters.(指未来/过去未来将要做的动作)②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.(我记得做过这个动作) try to(努力)与try +–ing(试验):①I tried not to go there.(我设法不去那里)

动词+疑问词+动词不定式补充练习

“动词+疑问词+动词不定式”补充练习 一、单项选择。 1.I have no idea when ___ her the bad news. A. will tell B. telling C. tell D. to tell 2. —Will you please show me how to do the role-play exercise? —Sure. Now let me tell you ____ first. A. which to do B. how to do C. when to do D. what to do 3. I need your help because I don’t know ____. A. how to do it B. how to do C. what to do it D. what should I do 4.—How are you feeling here? —It’s quite hot. I don’t know ____ to go or stay. A. how B. when C. whether D. where 5.—I don’t know ____ to do with this maths problem.It’s too hard. — You can ask your classmates or teachers for help. A. which B. how C. what D. when 6. —Millie, could you give me some advice? I don’t know ____. —Why don’t you wear this red shirt? A. when to wear B. what to wear C. how to wear D. where to wear 7. I’m go ing on a field trip but I haven’t decided__________. A. what to do B. to do what C. where to go D. to go where 8 —This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me ________,Wang Lin?—Sure. A. what to work it out B. what to work out it C. how to work it out D. how to work out it 9. Excuse me. Would you please tell me ________ buy a digital camera? A. what to B. where to C. what I can D. where can I 10. There isn't any difference between the two. I really don't know ________. A. where to choose B. which to choose C. to choose what D. to choose which 二、用“疑问词+不定式”改写下列句子。 11. How we should do it was discussed last night. __________ was discussed last night. 12. I didn’t kn ow where I should go. I didn’t know ____________. 13. The difficulty was how we should cross the river. The difficulty was ____________ .

最新英语考点知识归纳

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of little usc/good useless

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(完整版)省略to的动词不定式用法归纳

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谈疑问词+动词不定式的用法 在英语中,疑问词+动词不定式的用法较为普遍,现在将其归纳如下: “疑问词+动词不定式”结构中的疑问词,包括疑问代词what which who和疑问副词when how where 等。这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语,这种结构在句子中除了不能作谓语外,可做主语、宾语、表语等。例如: 1. She didn’t know which bus to take.她不知乘哪路公共汽车。(做动词宾语) We must first solve the problem of whom to serve.我们必须首先解决为谁服务的问题。(做介词宾语) 2. When to start remains undecided.何时出发,尚未决定。(做主语) 3. The difficulty is how to do the most of work with the least of money.困难是如何尽量少用钱多办事。(做表语) 这种结构相当于一个名词从句,不论它在句子中做什么成分,常常都可用同等成分的从句替代。改为从句时只要在疑问词后面填加一个适当的主语并将不定式动词改为适当形式的谓语既可。所以上述几句可分别改成: She didn’t know which bus she should take. We must first solve the problem of whom we should serve. When we should start remains undecided. The difficulty is how we ought to do the most of word with the least of money. 当这种结构做宾语的时候,常常置于show, find out, learn, teach, tell, advise, wonder, know, discuss, remember, forget, explain 等动词之后。例如:The dictionary didn’t tell the Frenchman how to pronounce the word . 那本词典没有告诉那个法国人怎样读那个词。 The teacher showed us how to read a book. . 老师指点我们怎样读书。 She hore I’ll advise her which to choose. 她希望我建议她选择哪一个。 You’d better find out where to put these pens. 你最好了解一下应把这些钢笔放在哪里。 另外,值得注意的是在动词know 的后面一般用带疑问词的不定式做宾语: 误:I know to say them in English. 正:I know how to say them in English. 在下面的句子中,含有“疑问词+动词不定式”结构的,其中的told 有taught的意思,不含有这种结构的,其中的told 有ordered 的意思。例如: The professor told the students how to do the experiment. 这位教授教学生们如何做实验。 The professor told the students to do the experiment at once.

动词不定式用法小结

动词不定式用法 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是not to+do。 下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。 1.作主语 可以直接作主语。如:To see is to believe. 但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如: It's wrong to play tricks on other people. It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy. 点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。 2.作宾语 a.want,decide ,agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如: We agreed to start early. She wants to be a doctor. b.love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。 提示板:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。如: I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。 c.stop,forget,remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 提示板: 1)stop to do sth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。 stop doing sth.:停止正在做的事。 例句:When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking;when he came out,the students stopped to talk.当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。 2)思考:forget,remember,go on,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别? d.在find/feel+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如: The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep. I feel it easy to recite the text. 点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上面stop例句。 3.作宾语补足语 a.tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如: I tell him not to go there by bus . Edison's mother taught him to read and write. b.let,make,have,see,hear,feel,watch,notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如: The boss makes them work 16 hours a day.I heard her sing in the next room. 提示板:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号to要加上。如: They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss. She was heard to sing in the next room. 4.作定语:放在被修饰的名词、代词后面 例句:I have a lot of work to do. The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy. 点击规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。 提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,若动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉介词。如: I have a small bedroom to live in. Have you got some pens to write with? 5.表语:放在连系动词be后面 例句:His wish is to become a scientist. The first important thing is to save the soldiers' lives. 当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。 点击规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。 6.作状语

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