非谓语动词-现在分词的讲解

非谓语动词

非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。

动词-ing形式的要点

1．-ing的形式

2.-ing形式的基本用法

…

(1)作主语：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

(2)作表语：Her job is washing and cooking.

(3)作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语。She likes drawing very much.

②作某些短语动词的宾语。

Mary is thinking of going back to New York.

③ do＋限定词(my, some, any, the等)＋v.-ing，表示

“做…事”之如do some cleaning打扫卫生do some shopping购物

④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.

⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语：

This book is well worth reading.

只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：

【

admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免put off 推迟keep 保持consider 考虑delay/ postpone 耽搁dislike 嫌恶resist 抵制mention 提及enjoy 喜欢escape 避免excuse 原谅practice 练习

mind介意fancy想不到feel like 意欲finish 完成risk 冒险include 包括forgive 原谅give up 放弃suggest 建议miss 逃过imagine 想象can’t help 情不自禁involve 需要can’t stand无法忍受understand 理解

常见的带介词to的短语：

be used to 习惯be related to 与……有关get down to 着手做contribute to 贡献put one’s mind to全神贯注于give rise to 引起

be equal to 胜任devote oneself to 献身于lead to 导致

be opposed to 反对

look forward to 盼望object to 反对stick to 坚持pay attention to 注意

(4)作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old.

(5)作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.

可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。

(6)作状语：①时间状语：Seeing Tom, I couldn't help thinking of his brother.

，

分词在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加when或while，

如：When crossing street, you must be careful.

②原因状语：Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.

③方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.

3. 主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。主动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语，并且是它所表示的动作的执行者，如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English

novel.

4. 被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作，而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定

语或状语用。如：The truck being repaired there is ours.

5. 被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用。

如：Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.

6. -ing形式的复合结构。在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，

如：Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health.

7.分词独立主格结构

当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。例如：

;

Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.

The meeting being over, they all left the room.

Given more time, we could do it better.

The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.

She stood there, book in hand.

Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner.

8. with + 复合宾语结构

（1）with + 名词/ 代词+ 形容词Don’t speak with your mouth full.

（2）with + 名词/ 代词+ 副词The square looks more beautiful than ever with the lights on.

（3）with + 名词/ 代词+ 介词短语He was asleep with his head on his arms.

（4）with + 名词/ 代词+ -ing分词She felt very nervous with so

many people looking at her.

~

With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.

（5）with + 名词/ 代词+ 不定式With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived here.

（6）with + 名词/ 代词+ -en分词With his matter settled, we left the room.

【2012全国卷II】⒑ Tony lent me the money, ___ that I’d do as much for him.

A. hoping

B. to hope

C. hoped

D. having hoped

【答案】A

【2012重庆】23. ______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.

A. Having been asked

B. To ask

C. Having asked

D. To be asked 【答案】A

【答案】A

—

【2012全国】28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .

A. permitting

B. to permit

C. permitted

D. permit

【答案】A

【2012北京】23. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______

them.

A. corrects

B. correct

C. to correct

D. correcting

【答案】D

【2012福建】34. Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.

A. realizing

B. realized

C. to realize

D. being realized

【答案】A

【

【2012陕西】15. _______ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.

A. Standing

B. To stand

C. Stood

D. Stand

【答案】A

【2012湖南】31. The lecture, _____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.

A. starting

B. being starting

C. to start

D. to be started

【答案】A

【2012天津】11. He got up late and hurried to his office, ______ the breakfast untouched.

A. left

B. to leave

C. leaving

D. having left

【答案】C

【2012辽宁】25. The old couple often take a walk after super in the park with their pet dog ____.

A. to follow

B. following

C. followed

D. follows

【答案】B

【2012四川】8. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.

A. to wind

B. wind

C. winding

D. wound

【答案】C

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④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics. ⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语： This book is well worth reading. 只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有： admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免put off 推迟keep 保持consider 考虑delay/ postpone 耽搁dislike 嫌恶resist 抵制mention 提及enjoy 喜欢escape 避免excuse 原谅practice 练习mind介意fancy想不到feel like 意欲finish 完成risk 冒险include 包括forgive 原谅give up 放弃suggest 建议miss 逃过imagine 想象can’t help 情不自禁involve 需要can’t stand无法忍受understand 理解 常见的带介词to的短语： be used to 习惯be related to 与……有关get down to 着手做contribute to 贡献put one’s mind to全神贯注于give rise to 引起 be equal to 胜任devote oneself to 献身于lead to 导致be opposed to 反对 look forward to 盼望object to 反对stick to 坚持pay attention to 注意 (4)作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old. (5)作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.

非谓语动词之现在分词和动名词

非谓语动词之现在分词和动名词 今天我们来学习另外两种非谓语动词形式—现在分词和动名词。 现在分词和动名词的形式是一样的，都是doing，但它们的含义和用法存在很大差别，即便都可以做表语、定语，其含义也是大不相同的。 希望同学们通过今天的学习，能够真正领悟它们的用法和区别。 一.现在分词（The Present Participle）: doing 1、现在分词由动词加“ing”构成，表示主动或正在进行，主要起形容词、副词和动词的作用，可在句中作表语、定语、状语、宾补等成份。 （1）作表语。（与主语存在主动的逻辑关系） The news is exciting. 这个消息令人兴奋。

The result is amazing. 这个结果令人惊异。 （2）作定语。（与被修饰词之间存在主动的逻辑关系） Do you know the young man standing under the tree? 你认识站在树下的年轻人吗？ The woman wearing a red coat is my aunt. 穿红外套的女人是我的阿姨。 （3）作状语。（与句子主语存在主动逻辑关系，并且与谓语动作同时发生） Passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano .（时间状语） 经过这所房子的时候，他看到一个女孩正在弹钢琴。

A lot of land has gone with the trees, leaving only sand.(结果状语) 大量的土地已经与树木一起消失了，只留下了沙子。 They wake up their parents , calling “Merry Christmas”（伴随状语）他们弄醒了他们的父母，喊着“圣诞节快乐”。 （4）作宾补。（与宾语存在主动逻辑关系，并且与谓语动作同时发生） I hear a girl singing in the next room. 我听到一个女孩正在隔壁唱歌。 2、现在分词的否定式：not doing Not knowing where he is, she is feeling anxious. 不知道他在哪里，她感到非常焦急。

非谓语动词用法详解

非谓语动词用法详解 动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词 (一)不定式 不定式由“to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for十名词或代词宾格”构成． 1．不定式的用法： l)作主语．不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语．例如： To see is to believe． It is right to give up smoking． 2)作宾语．不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语．例如： He wanted to go． I find it interesting to study work with him. 3)作宾语补足语．例如： He asked me to do the work with him. 注意：在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have, let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to．例如 I often hear him sing the song． He is often heard to sing the song． 注意：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to．如： She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go． 动词help之后，带to或不带to都可以。 Will you please help me (to) take this suitcase? 请你帮我提一下这个衣箱好吗？She often helps her mother (to) clean their house. 她经常帮助她妈妈打扫房子。 4)作定语．例如： I have some books for you to read． 注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词．例如： He is looking for a room to live in． There is nothing to worry about．

非谓语动词知识点总结

非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。 主语/表语： 不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？ 1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。 2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。 1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. 2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式上的一致。

宾语： 1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如： …… manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(帮助)，want(想要) , refuse等。 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如： ……practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise, fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow, stand, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, get down to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in... 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为)。 4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。go on (stop/remember/regret)to do/doing can’t help to do / doing try to do/ doing mean to do（打算）/ doing（意味）be used to do / doing ( get used to doing)(used to do) 5.动词need, require, want作“需要”，deserve作“应受，应得”，主动表被动 定语： 不定式、ing 分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。 分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。 不定式用来修饰序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定词的中心词，表主动关系。 E.g.: The car to be bought is for his sister. / He was the best man to do the job. The houses being built are for the teachers. Developing countries/ developed countries 补语： 1.能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：ask, advise, tell, force, get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, intend,expect, encourage, persuade, permit, request,order, warn, cause等。 Think, consider, believe, suppose, feel等后常用“to be....”作补语。 E.g.: You are not allowed to smoke here. People considered him to be a great leader. 2.使役动词，感官动词接不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的使役动词有make, let, have等；感官动词有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel以及look at, listen to等。 ◆“吾看三室两厅一感觉”---5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）3使（make,

非谓语动词之过去分词

Unit 1过去分词做定语和表语 Part 1 过去分词作定语 [例句] 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。 1. The polluted water was to blame. 2. We should also respect the retired workers. 3. Paper cuts used for religious purposes are often found in temples. 4. He is a teacher loved by his students. 5. The student dressed in white is my daughter. = The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. [归纳] 1. 过去分词作定语时，表示的动作在______之前发生，已经完成（见句1）。作定语的过去分词由_____动词变时，和所修饰的词语之间是________关系。 不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语，一般作前置定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。如句2中的retired , 又如： _______________落叶；_________________升起的太阳。 2. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词_____（见句1、句2）。_____作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，表示被动或完成，其作用相当于一个______（见句3、句4、句5）。 [拓展] 2. 如果被修饰的词是由every / some / any / no + thing / body / one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those或these等时，即使是单一的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词的后面。如： There is nothing changed here since I left this town. 3. 过去分词短语有时还可用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，前后用逗号分开。如： Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train. 【练一练】 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.This is the severely ___________(pollute) lake I mentioned to you the other day. 2.Huang Lin ______________(educate) in Germany has the ability to deal with such a situation well. 3. Do you know the number of books___________(order) by the library?

非谓语动词(现在分词和过去分词)练习讲解

说出划线部分作的语法成分,并圈出其逻辑主语。1. 2. , the boy didn’t respond. 3. 4. 5. 6. the field. 7. the teacher entered the classroom. 8. 9. 10. 11. Don’t leave those things 12. English 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 一、真题再现 ① (2014?重庆, 5 The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned (return to our shop for quality problems. ②(20141?陕西,12 It ’ s quite hot today. Do you feel like going (go for a swim?

③(2014?天津, 7 Clearly and thoughtfully written (write, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. ④(2014?四川, 5 The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed (develop after great effort. ⑤ (2014?福建, 27 Having spent (spend the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. ⑥(2014?湖南, 21 Children, when accompanied (accompany by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. ⑦(2014?四川, 8 Not knowing (know which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. ⑧(2013?北京, 29 When we saw the road blocked (block with snow, we decided to spend the holidays at home. ⑨(2013?福建, 22 Knowing (know basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. ⑩ (2013?陕西, 14 The witness questioned (question by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. ? (2013?重庆, 30 When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed,(tell me stories till I fell asleep. ? (2013?安徽, 32 (found in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’ s love of art. ? (2013?湖南, 29 You cannot accept an opinion

非谓语动词,现在分词过去分词

分词有现在分词（the Present Participle）和过去分词（the Past Participle），在句中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。 一、现在分词 主动语态被动语态 语态 时态 一般式doing being done 完成式having done having been done 其否定形式是在doing之前加上not 【随时练】 1). He ran back home at night, ______ (look) behind at times. 2). ______ (tell) many times, the old man forgot the name of the supermarket. 3). ______ (not get) well prepared, they decided to put off the meeting. 【答案】 1)looking 2)Having been told 3)Not having got (二) 分词在句中所做成分 分词在句中可作定语、表语、状语、补足语等。 1、作定语 分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。 1）前置定语 He is a promising young man. 他是一个有前途的年轻人。 Make less noise. There’s a sleeping child. 不要出太大声音，有个孩子在睡觉。 2）后置定语 The young man running after Jim was the winner in the last year race. 跟在吉姆身后跑的年轻人是去年比赛的冠军。 3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。如： Those wishing to see the film star have been waiting for hours. (=Those who wish to see the film star have been waiting for hours.) 想见那个电影明星的人已经等了几个小时。 4）完成体的分词一般不作定语，若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。如：我们一般不说：The girl having passed the driving test is a friend of mine. 而常这样说：The girl who has passed the driving test is a friend of mine. 5）非限定性的完成体作定语或如果分词所修饰的词是泛指则没有这个限制。如： Anyone having passed the test has got a prize. 任何通过考试的人都能得到一份奖品。 Charlie, having lived in Paris for years, decided to return to London. 在巴黎呆过多年，查理决定重返伦敦。