高考英语阅读系列(10)

高考英语阅读系列（10）

A

During her childhood, Rachel showed an interest in nature and in writing. After high school, she enrolled in Pennsylvania State College for Women, intending to become a writer. She switched to biology, however, thereby setting the course of her life. Rachel went to Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore for further study and became a member of the zoology staff at the University of Maryland.

For fifteen years, Rachel worked for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, writing and editing publications. Fortunately, her employer encouraged her to reach a larger audience. Rachel's poetic style of writing in three books about the ocean caught the imagination of the general reader. Her rare talent as both a physical scientist and a gifted writer earned her the National Book Award for The Sea Around Us.

Rachel's next book marked her as a leading conservationist and a crusader (努力消除公害的人) for the preservation of the natural environment. She began writing Silent Spring, knowing that she would be personally attacked and ridiculed. She continued writing despite the ill health that slowed her progress. Upon completing the book, she wrote to a close friend, "I have felt bound by a solemn obligation to do what I could — if I didn't at least try I could never again be happy in nature. But now I can believe I have at least helped a little."

Rachel Carson did more than help a little. Although both government and industry opposed her, specialists in public health, the press, and the public itself all supported her fight against the irresponsible use of insecticides. Her book eventually led the government to ban DDT.

1. This passage is concerned mainly with _____.

A) the environmental revolution in the United States B) Rachel Carson as a poetic writer

C) the popularity of The Sea Around Us and Silent Spring

D) Rachel Carson as a conservationist

Key：D。文章首句点明Rachel Carson自幼即“showed an interest in nature and writing”，尔后以笔为武器致力宣传环境保护，并作出显著的贡献。

2. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A) As a child, Rachel loved books and the natural world.

B) Rachel started her higher education aiming at becoming a writer.

C) She decided to switch her major to biology in Johns Hopkins University.

D.) Rachel won the National Book Award for The Sea Around Us.

Key：C。她是在“Pennsylvania State College for Women”而并非在“Johns Hopkins University”内念书时改学biology的。

3. She began to write Silent Spring because _____.

A) her employer encouraged her to do so

B) she felt obliged to fight against the poisoning of the earth

C) her poetic writing style was very much appreciated by the general reader

D) she knew that it would not bring her any personal harm

Key：B。第三段第一句“Rachel's next book（即Silent Spring）marked her as a crusader for the preservation of the natural environment”，即说明此点。

4. The statement "Rachel Carson did more than help a little " in the fourth paragraph signifies that _____.

A) she played a significant role in the environmental revolution

B) she had proved herself to be an outstanding writer, poet and scientist

C) she knew the importance of what she was doing and she succeeded

D) she devoted her whole life to helping friends and those suffering from the poisoned

environment

Key：A。“R.Carson did more than help a little”一句所说明的，正是此项所含的内容。

5. We can draw from the passage the conclusion that _____.

A) Rachel Carson was the first and the last leading conservationist

B) people will remember Rachel Carson as a gifted and outstanding writer

C) whoever does his best to work in the interest of mankind will enjoy support from, and

prestige among, the common people

D) it is due to the contributions of Rachel Carson that people are now living in a

clean environment

Key：C。A）项和D）项意思太绝对，可排除；B）项内容只提及她作为一个作家的才能，而忽略了文章更侧重的一面即她作为一个conservationist所做的贡献。所以C）项是我们能从文章中所得出的合理而完整的结论。

B

Have you ever been startled by a loud noise or by someone appearing suddenly behind you on a dark night or by a snake in the grass? Do you remember the sudden, tight feeling in your chest, the way your heart started to pound, the way you seemed to breathe more rapidly? Such reactions occurred because you were frightened. Your brain sent a signal to the special gland in your body called the adrenal gland. Other parts of your body were involved, too, but the adrenal gland has a very special function.

The adrenal gland is located on top of your kidney. Since you have two kidneys, you also have two adrenal glands. Each adrenal gland is divided into two parts: a cortex and a medulla. The cortex forms the outer shell; the medulla forms the central core. Both the cortex and the medulla secrete hormones, but they have different functions.

The cortex produces more than forty different chemical compounds and hormones. All these things are essential to sustain life. The medulla secretes adrenalin (also called epinephrine, the hormone that prepares the body for emergencies).

When you are suddenly faced with a dangerous or stressful situation, part of your brain instantly sends a signal to the adrenal gland, and all sorts of things begin to happen in your body. The medulla releases an extra amount of adrenalin into the bloodstream. The adrenalin is carried rapidly throughout the body, stimulating other glands and systems.

6. In this passage, the author is mainly discussing the function of _____.

A) the human brain B) glands and systems in the body

C) the cortex of the adrenal gland D) the medulla of the adrenal gland

Key：D。关于cortex文章虽也提到，但更侧重于讲述medulla的功能。

7. Which of the following is NOT true?

A) The adrenal gland is located on top of the kidney.

B) Each kidney is composed of two adrenal glands.

C) The medulla is inside the cortex.

D) The cortex and the medulla have different functions.

Key：B。文章第二段第一行“Since you have two kidneys, you also have two adrenal

glands”，说明“Each kidney only has one adrenal gland”。

8. It is ______ that mainly helps you respond to a dangerous or stressful situation.

A) a signal sent by your brain B) the special function of the adrenal gland

C) all stimulated parts of your body D) All of these

Key：B。见最后一段第一句“When you are suddenly faced with...”。

9. What could be said about the adrenalin?

A) It is secreted by the kidneys into the bloodstream.

B) It is the hormone that prepares the body for emergencies.

C) It is the only useful hormone produced in the body. D) It is essential to sustain life.

Key：B。见第三段第二至第三行“The medulla secretes adrenalin...the hormone that hormone that prepares the body for emergencies”一句。

10. What do you suppose the author will go on to discuss in the following paragraphs?

A) The brain system. B) Functions of the kidneys.

C) Other human organs related to the kidneys. D) Reactions of the body to stress and danger.

Key：D。本文最后一段已述及人体遇到危险和压力时,medulla立即发挥作用，将adrenalin 分泌至身体各部位，下文很可能进一步具体讲述身体各部位是如何作出反应。

C

The outside world begins creeping into the schools when the children reach the age of 13 and older, the age when they begin to make subject choices and when, according to a careers officer, "they know -if they're a scientific lot or more inclined to the arts". The difficult part is bringing the outside world to life with all its opportunities and realities. Schools are handicapped because they are staffed by people who only know about schools. Careers services are heavily influenced by what is readily available in the area, which may be sausage-making in Wiltshire or ship-building in Clydeside. Somewhere out in the world there are snail geneticists and landscape gardeners and girls who polish Elizabeth Taylor's diamonds, but the careers officer knows little of them. What he knows about is engineering and hairdressing and opportunities in the Army. It is not surprising that this constant friction between grand aspirations and uninspired reality produces cynicism in both parties.

Wherever they work, sixteen and seventeen-year-olds can find themselves used as cheap labour, picking things up off floors, fetching and carrying. Some are paid a reasonable wage but it is quite possible to be paid only pocket-money. That's in the living-in jobs like hotel work. There is a small breakthrough of girls into traditionally male preserves like agriculture, but that may be because very few boys now would put up with the low wages. Most girls, despite women's liberation, head straight for hairdressing, nursing or office work and dream of being swept off their feet by the boss.

11. In what sense does the author say the outside world begins "creeping into schools" when children first make subject choices?

A) Children begin to become interested in careers possibly open to them.

B) Children know what they are good at, science or arts.

C) Children start to make constant contact with careers officers.

D) Children start to be concerned with what occupations they will be able to obtain.

Key：A。文章第一段提及当学童“begin to make subject choices”时，实际上他们也就是根据自己的气质或爱好（a scientific lot or more inclined to the arts），开始对今后的事业在作准备。

12. The result of the present staffing arrangements in schools is that _____.

A) teachers can concentrate on teaching

B) schools can offer little help in finding career opportunities

C) students are well prepared for whatever jobs they will get

D) students leave school unqualified

Key：B。见文章第五、六行“Schools are...staffed by people who only know about schools"一句。

13. According to the passage, the youth become cynical because _____.

A) they feel they are misled by careers officers

B) they can't accomplish in reality their strong desires to become scientists or to do

something great

C) what they learn at school is quite different from what they see in society

D) they are treated unfairly in society

Key：B。见第一段最后一句:“It is not surprising that this constant friction between grand aspirations and uninspired reality produces cynicism in both parties”。

14. According to the author, some girls start to engage in agriculture probably _____.

A) because they think they can do what boys can do

B) because they have no other alternatives C) because there lie new career opportunities

D) because that's what the Women's Liberation Movement advocates

Key：D。文章第二段第四行先点出“…a small breakthrough of girls into traditionally male preserves like agriculture…”接下来又提及‘despite women's liberation”，说明虽然大部分年轻的妇女仍从事传统性的妇女职业，而这部分从事农业的年轻女子，很可能是在身体力行“Woman's Liberation Movement”的主张。

15. A suitable title for the passage might be _____.

A) The Gloomy Job Situation for the Youth B) The Difficulties in Job Hunting for the Youth

C) The Disability of Careers Officers D) The Friction between Aspirations and Reality

Key：B。文章主要讲述了青年人在选择工作方面的困难。

D

Testing has replaced teaching in most public schools. My own children's school week is framed by pretests, drills, tests, and retests. They know that the best way to read a textbook is to look at the questions at the end of the chapter and then skim the text for the answers. I believe that my daughter Erica, who gets excellent marks, has never read a chapter of any of her school textbooks all the way through. And teachers are often heard to state proudly and openly that they teach to the mandated state test.

Teaching to the test is a curious phenomenon. Instead of deciding what skills students ought to learn, helping students learn them, and then using some sensible methods of assessment to discover whether students have mastered the skills, teachers are encouraged to reverse the process. First one looks at a commercially available test. Then one distills the skills needed not to master reading, say, or math, but to do well on the test. Finally, the test skills are taught.

The ability to read or write or calculate might imply the ability to do reasonably well on standardized tests. However, neither reading nor writing develops simply through being taught to take tests. We must be careful to avoid mistaking preparation for a test of a skill with the acquisition of that skill. Too many discussions of basic skills make this fundamental confusion because people are test obsessed rather than concerned with the nature and quality of what is

taught.

Recently many schools have faced what could be called the crisis of comprehension or, in simple terms, the phenomenon of students with phonic and grammar skills still being unable to understand what they read. These students are competent at test taking and filling in workbooks and ditto masters. However they have little or no experience reading or thinking, and talking about what they read. They know the details but can't see or understand the whole. They are taught to be so concerned with grade that they have no time or ease of mind to think about meaning, and reread things if necessary.

16. The author gives an account of Erica's performance in her study in order to _____.

A) illustrate her cleverness in test-taking B) reveal the incompetence of teachers

C) show there is something wrong with current practice in teaching

D) demonstrate the best way to read textbooks

Key：C。见第一段第四行：“I believe that my daughter Erica，who gets excellent marks，has never read a chapter of any of her school textbooks all the way through”一句。

17. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A) The phenomenon of teaching to the test has aroused curiosity in many educators.

B) Skills in general are not only useless but often lead students astray.

C) Ability to read and write is one thing, and ability to do well on standardized tests is

quite another.

D) Preparation for a test of a skill does not necessarily mean the acquisition of that skill.

Key：D。见第三段第三行“We must be careful to void mistaking preparation for a test of a skill with the acquisition of that skill”一句。

18. The author insists that _____.

A) mandated state tests be replaced by some more sensible methods of assessment

B) teachers pay more attention to the nature and quality of what is taught

C) students not be concerned with grades but do more reading and thinking

D) radical changes be brought about in the general approach to teaching

Key：B。第三段最后一句，作者批评某些人“are test obsessed rather than concerned with the nature and quality of what is taught”，根据作者的观点，自然是理应对后者予以充分重视的。

19. We can safely conclude that _____ may cause educational problems.

A) test obsession B) standardized tests

C) test-taking D) preparation for mandated state tests

Key：A。见第三段第四行至五行：“Too many discussions of basic skills make this fundamental confusion because people are test obsessed...”。

20. By "crisis of comprehension" the author means many students _____.

A) are too much concerned with grades B) fail to understand the real goal of education

C) lack proper practice in phonic and grammar drills

D) are unable to understand what they read, though they do reasonably well on

standardized tests

Key：D。见第四段第一至三行“the crisis of comprehension,...being unable to understand what they read”一句。

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