Therebe句型用法总结

There be句型用法总结

There be结构是英语中陈述事物客观存的常用句型，表示“有”，其确切含义是“存在”there

作为引导词，本身没有意义，用动词be的某些形式作为谓语动词，它的主语是用一些表示泛指或不定特指的名词词组，动词be和

There be句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。

主语的数必须一致。句子最后通常为表示地点和时间的状语。因此要表达“某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人”的时候常用“There be+

名词+地点（时间）这一句型。例如：

There is a great Italian deli across the street.

穿过街道，有一家大的意大利熟食店。

There are some students in the dormitory.

在宿舍里有一些学生。

一、There be结构中的主谓一致

1.当动词be后所接的名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词时，be应该取单数is；当其后所接的名词是复数的可数名词时，be用复数are。

There's a man at the door.

门口有个人。

There is some apple juice in the bottle.

瓶子里有些苹果汁。

There are some strangers in the street.

大街上有一些陌生人。

2.如果There be后面是几个并列名词做主语时，动词be的形式和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致。

There is an ashtray and two bottles on the shelf.架子上有一只烟灰缸和两个瓶子。

There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf.架子上有两个瓶子和一个烟灰缸。

二、There be结构中的时态

1.There be句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。

There is no harm in trying.

不妨一试。

There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring.

去年春天，山中有极美的野花。

There will be a fine day tomorrow.

明天将是一个晴天。

There have been several private schools in our area this year.

今年，我们这里已经有好几所私立学校了。

2.There be句型可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。

There may be a cigarette in that box.

那只盒子里或许有支香烟。

There must be some cakes on the table.

桌子上一定有些蛋糕。

There used to be a hospital there before the war.

战前，那里曾经有家医院。

3.There be句型也可以和这样一些的谓语动词连用：be going to、seem to、appear to、used

to、be likely to、happen to….

There seem to be a few trees between me and the green.

在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。

There is gong to be a meeting tonight.

今天晚上有个会议。

There is likely to be a storm.

可能有一场暴雨。

There happened to be a bus nearby.

碰巧附近有辆公交车。

There appears to have been a nasty accident.

似乎发生了一起严重事故。

4.there be结构中除可以用be外，还可以用其它动词。例如：

There came a scent of lime-blossom.

飘来一阵菩提树的花香。

Once upon a time there lived a king in China.

从前中国有一个国王。

三、There be句型的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句

1.There be句型的否定句有两种构成方式，一种是将否定副词not放在be之后，如：There isn’t a box in the room.

房间里没有盒子。

There aren’t any pens on the desk.

课桌上没有钢笔。

There hasn’t been any rain for a week.

一周没下雨了。

There won’t be a meeting today.

今天没有会议。

另一种是在主语前加上不定代词no,如：

There is no water in the bottle.

瓶子里没有水。

There are no pictures on the wall.

墙上没有图画。

There will be no one at home tomorrow morning.

明天上午不会有人在家。

There might be no money left。

或许没有剩下什么钱。

2.There be句型的一般疑问句是将be放在there之前，回答时用yes或no，后接简单答语。如：

Is there a cake on the table?

桌子上有块蛋糕吗？

Yes，there is./No，there isn’t.

是，有。/不，没有。

Will there be a party tonight？

今晚有聚会吗？

Yes，there will./No,there won’t

是的，有。/不，没有。

Have there been any letters from your mother lately?

近日你妈妈有信来吗？

Yes，there have./No,there haven’t.

是，有的。/不，没有。

3.There be句型的特殊疑问句主要有how many和how much做引导词两种情况：

How many students are there in your school?

你们学校有多少学生？

How much money is there in your pocket?

你口袋里有多少钱?

4.There be句型的反意疑问句

There is a cup on the table,isn’t there?

桌子上有只杯子，是吗？

There is some orange in the glass,isn’t there?

杯子里有桔汁，是吗?

There are a lot of letters in the mailbox,aren’t there?

邮筒里有很多信件，是吗？

There will be a new hospital nearby,won’t there?

附近要建一家新医院，是吗?

四、There be结构的非谓语动词形式

There be结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be和there being两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。

例如: 1.It was unusual for there to be so few flowers in the park.

公园里只有这么一点花是不同寻常的。

2.There being no bus,we had to take a taxi.

因为没有公共汽车,我们只好乘出租车。

2.there be结构作宾语时，通常用there to be，常作这样一些词的宾语：expect，like,mean,

intend,want,prefer,hate等。

例如：I expect there to be no argument about this.

我期望关于这件事不要再争吵了。

I should prefer there to be no discussion of my private affairs.

我宁愿不要讨论我的私事。

People don’t want there to be another war.

人们不希望再有战争了。

另外，作介词宾语时，如果是介词for，只能用“there to be”其它介词用“there being”

The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.

老师在等着大家都安静下来。

I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me.

我做梦也没想到我会有好机会。

I.

A."There to be"可以用作一个动词的宾语,我们通常称之为复合宾语,其意义常表示对将来的一种意愿或希望,但目前还没"存在"。例如:

1).Would you like there to be a hospital near your home

你想在你家附近有家医院吗

(事实上,目前还没有医院。划线部分作动词like的宾语)

2).We teachers don't want there to be any students staying in the classroom after school.

我们老师不希望有任何学生放学后留在教室里。

(实际上所有的学生放学后都离校)

3).She doesn't hope there to be any quarrel between me and her.

她不希望我们之间有什么争吵。(对将来的一种希望)

B."There to be"也可以用在句型"It be+adj.for..."中。例如:

1).It is impossible for there to be any more chance.

不可能再有机会。

2).It was too late for there to be any open shops.

时间太晚了,不会有营业的商店了。

3).It is important for there to be a free school for the poor children.

给贫困的孩子建一所免费学校太重要了。

3.作状语的there be形式，通常用“there being”结构。

例如：There being nothing else to do,we went home.

因为没有其他事可做，我们就回家了。

They closed the door,there being no customers.

因为没有顾客，他们的店关门了。

II.

A."There being"可以用作一个介词的复合宾语,跟"There to be"不同的是:"There to be"往往表示目前"没有存在"的事物;而"There being"则通常表示"已经存在"的事情。请看:

1).The Chinese are proud of there being the Great Wall in North China.

中国人以在中国北部有个长城而自豪。

2).No one told him about there being a meeting that afternoon.

没人告诉他那天下午有个会。

3).You were wrong about there being some misunderstandings between us.

认为我们之间有误解,那你就错了。

B."There being"还可以用作副词,在语法上叫"独立结构"。如:

1).There being nothing to do,we went home separately.

由于没有什么事要做,我们就各自回家了。

2).There being no teacher in the classroom,the pupils began to talk freely.

由于教室里没有教师,学生们开始自由交谈。

C.there being结构起名词的作用，直接位于句首作主语，通常用it作形式主语，并且用for引导。

There being a bus stop near my house is a great

advantage.我家旁边有个公共汽车站，很是方便。

It is impossible for there to be any more.

不可能再有了。

五、There be结构和have的区别与联系

1.区别点：there be意为存在，强调某地有某物，不表示所属关系；have表示所有关系，

强调某人或某地有某物，这是其基本用法。如：

There are some trees in front of the house.

房前有些树。

Tom has many friends in China.

汤姆在中国有许多朋友。

2.相同点：在表示结构上的含有时，既可以用there be句型，也可以用have（has）来表示。如：

中国有许多长河。

There are many long rivers in China.

China has many long rivers.

三月份有多少天？

How many days are there in March?

How many days has March?

There be句型专题I——综合专题

1.there be句型常用来表示某地/某时有某物/某人

There is a computer in the room.房间里有一台电脑。

There are two TV plays every evening.每晚有两场电视剧。

2.各种句型结构

i.肯定句：

There＋be（is/are）＋某物/某人＋地点/时间。

There is a pencil on the desk.桌子上有一支铅笔。

ii.否定句：There＋be（is/are）＋not＋某物/某人＋地点/时间。

这个句式的否定形式的构成是将be之后加not，同时，原句中如有some一词，也应改为any.例如:

There is a bird in the tree．树上有一只鸟。

There isn't any bird in the tree．树上没有鸟。

There are some children behind the house．房后有些孩子。

There aren't any children behind the house．房后没有小孩。

iii.一般疑问句：Be（Is/Are）＋there＋某物/某人＋地点/时间？

这是There十be句型的疑问句，其构成是将be动词提到There之前，句尾用问号。

There are some birds in the picture.图画中有些鸟。

变成疑问句就是:Are there any birds in the picture?图画中有鸟吗?

对疑问句的应答，如果是肯定的，可以答:Yes,there is或there are．如果是否定的，可以说:No,there isn't．或there aren't．

iv.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋be（is/are）＋there＋其它？

在这个句型的一般疑问句之前，加上疑问词，变成特殊疑问句。例如，

How many birds are there in the picture?图片中有多少只小鸟?

here are four birds in the picture．图中有4只鸟。

使用how many提问时，即可针对复数形式的名词提问，也可针对单数形式的名词提问。

在应答中，可以按实际情况回答。例如:

How many boats are there in the river?河里有多少只船?

There is only one．仅有一只。

3.There be句型常用时态形式

There be句型常用的时态形式有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时和过去完成时。例如：

i.There is someone at the door to see you.门口有人找你。

ii.There will be a meeting this evening.今晚有个约会。

iii.---Have there been any letters from Jack lately?近日有杰克的来信吗？

---No,there hasn’t.不，没有。

iv.There had been many such accidents before you came.你来之前就有过很多起这样的事故。

4.主谓一致

There be后面所接的某物有多个时，谓语动词be要根据最靠近它的那个名词的单复数来确定，即就近原则。

e.g.There is a pen,a pencil-box and some books on my desk.

我的桌子上有一支钢笔，一个铅笔盒和一些书。

There are some books,a pen and a pencil-box on my desk.

我的桌子上有一些书，一支笔和一个铅笔盒。

There are two boys and a teacher at the school gate.门口有两个男孩，一个老师。

5.主语后的动词形式

在there be句型中，主语与动词是主动关系时,动词用现在分词形式；是被动关系时，动词用过去分词形式。如：There is a purse lying on the ground.地上有一个钱包。

There are five minutes left now.现在还有5分钟。

6.反意疑问句。

反意疑问句应与there be对应，而不是依据主语。如：

There is a radio on the table,isn't there?桌子上有一台收音机，是吧？

There are more than fifty classes in your school,aren't there?你们班有50多名学生，是吧？

7.there be与have的替换

there be表示所属时可与have替换。

There is nothing but a book in my bag.=I have nothing but a book in my bag.包里只有一本书。

8.there be后接不定式时常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：

There is a lot of work to do.有许多工作要做。

注意：当该句型主语是something,anything,nothing等不定代词时，后面的不定式用主动形式或被动形式，意义各不同。

There is nothing to do.没有事可做。

There is nothing to be done.没有办法(束手无策)。

9.与其它词连用，构成复合谓语。如：

There may be a rain this afternoon.今天下午可能有雨。

There used to be a cinema here before the war.战争之前，这儿有一家电影院。

10.there be句型的变体

there be结构中的be有时可用come(来),develop(产生),exist(存在),fall(落下),follow(跟随),happen (发生),lie(躺着),live(住着),occur(发生),remain(还有),rise(升起),stand(站着)等。这些动词可以有时态变化，及物动词还可以有语态变化。例如：

i.There fell a deep silence.突然一片寂静。

ii.There remains one more test to be carried out before putting the instrument into operation.在使用这一设备之前要完成一项试验。

iii.Not long after this,there occurred a sudden revolution in public taste.此后不久，公众的情趣发生了突然的变化。

iv.There stands at the center of the square the Monument to the People’s Heroes.在广场的中央矗立着人民英雄纪念碑。

11.习惯用语

There is no good/use(in)doing sth.做某事没有好处/用处；There is not a moment to lose.一刻也不能耽误。例如：

There is no good making friends with him.和他交朋友没有什么好处。

He is very ill.Send him to hospital.There's not a moment to lose.他病得厉害，把他送到医院去，一刻也不能耽误。

There be句型专题II——特殊结构专题

“there be...”句型是存在句的常用基本结构，there在句中处于主语位置，起形式主语的作用，真正的主语是随后的名词词组。其谓语动词通常是be的各种时、体等形式。如：

There is ice on the lake.湖上有冰。

There were three students in the classroom then.当时教室有三个学生。

There has never been anybody like you.从来还没有像你这样的人。

There will be snow on high ground.在高地上将会有雪。

除此之外,there be句型还有一些特殊的结构：

1.there+情态助动词+be表示“预见”、“可能”、“必然”或“过去习惯存在”等。如：

There might be some desserts if you wait a bit.如果你等一会儿，可能会有甜点。

There ought to have been someone on duty all the time.本来应该有人全天值班。

There shall be no more wars.再也不会打仗了。

也可以用there+某些半助动词+be(很少使用完成体形式)，如：be going to,be certain to,be sure to,be likely to,have to be等。

There is going to be a rain.要下雨了。

There's likely to be an interview.可能会有一场面试。

There has to be a mistake.必定有错。

2.在正式文体中，某些表示存在、发生、出现、坐落等意义的不及物动词也可以与there连用，如：appear,seem, come,remain,exist,live,stand,lie,arise,enter,follow,occur,rise,grow,happen,belong,arrive, fly,flash,sail,pass,run,spring up,emerge等。如：

There exist many ancient temples in the country.那个国家有很多古老的寺庙。

There lies a small village in the mountain.山里有个小村子。

Once upon a time,there lived an old queer man in the city.从前，城里住着个怪老头。

There remains nothing more to be done.没有什么别的事可做了。

There followed the first world war.接着就是第一次世界大战。

There flashed through his mind the image of a heroic fighter.他的头脑中闪过英雄战士的形象。

There sprang up a wild gale.突然刮起一阵狂风。

偶尔也能见到there后接及物动词：

There struck me a sudden idea.突然我有了一个主意。

如果句中的地点状语前移就可以省略there。如：

Behind the house(there)is a small river.

3.there+不定式to be或there+being形式，称为非限定存在句，可以作主语、宾语、介词补足成分。

1)作主语

There being a railway station in the town is a great advantage.镇上有个火车站，真方便呀！

“there to be+NP”作主语时，通常用for作引导词:

For there to be a mistake in a computer's arithmetic is impossible.计算机计算错误是不可能的。

It was seldom for there to be no late comers.新来者很少没有迟到的。

2)作宾语

The committee anticipated there being less debate in the second discussion.委员会期望在第二次讨论中争议能少一些。

We expect there to be no objections.我们希望不会有人反对。

I'd prefer there to be more cooperation.我希望有更多的合作。

3)作介词补足成分：

介词是for,用there to be形式；介词不是for，则用there being形式。

What's the chance of there being an election this year?今年进行选举的可能性有多大？

We have no objection to there being a meeting here.在这儿举行会议，我们不反对。

Jill is waiting for there to be a big party.吉尔等着举行一次盛大的晚会。

此外，there+being形式还可以用作状语分句，形成独立主格结构：

There being no further discussion,the chairman stood up and left the meeting-room.没有可讨论的了，主席站了起来，离开了会议室。

There having been no rain，the stream was dry.一直没有下雨，小溪都干涸了。

“there be...”句型的难点在于它的非限定形式,怎样分辨使用there to be和there being呢?两个要点是关键：它们在句子中的成分及与句子中其他成分的搭配关系。如非限定形式的第2小点中的例句：anticipate与there being搭配，而expect和prefer与there to be配伍。

There be句型专题III——否定、书面语专题

There be结构是一常见的表示“存在”的句型，但是，该结构不表示“存在”意义的现象又广见于书面语及口语，它以否定句的形式出现，用于对某一具体行为和抽象概念的否定。其惯用结构一般有以下三种：

一、There is+no+Noun+in doing something

1.其中名词为表“利弊”、“用途”的抽象名词，如：

There is no good in going.去没有什么好处。

There is no harm in doing that.那样做并无害处。

There is no use in doing it.干此事毫无用处。

2.其中名词为表“价值”、“意义”的抽象名词，如：

There is no sense in waiting here.在这里等候下去毫无意义。

There is no point in doing so.这样做毫无意义。

There is no disgrace in failing once.一旦失败也不丢脸。

（注：此结构中的介词可以省略，如：There is no use asking her—she doesn’t know anything.）

二、There is+no+doing something

1.其中的动词（do）多为“转述”或“认知”等意义的动词，如：tell,say,know等，其后一般跟疑问句，如when，what等。

There is no saying what may happen.很难说会发生什么事。

There is no telling when he will return.说不清他何时回来。

There is no knowing when we shall meet again.不知何时我们能再相会。

2.其他动词，其意义相当灵活。

There is no mistaking what ought to be done.应该做什么是清楚的。

There is no denying the fact.事实无可否认。

There is no holding back the wheel of history.历史的车轮不能倒转。

There is no getting along with him.他很难相处。

Once she starts talking,there is no stopping her.一旦她打开话匣子，就说个没完。

There is no joking with him.和他不能开玩笑。

三、There is+no+Action Noun

此结构的含义相当于It’s impossible/unnecessary to do something。如：

There is no hurry about it.没有必要这么急匆匆的。

There is no question of his honesty.他的诚实是勿庸置疑的。

有时，在此结构中的Action Noun被动名词形式所取代，其意义不变。试比较：

There is no escape from the evident.

There is no escaping the fact.

两句都表示：无法逃（躲）避……

但是，有时也存在意义上的区别，试比较：

a.There is no doubt at all about it.

b.There is no doubting her virtue.

句a为“存在句”，意即：对于此事不存在任何的疑问。

句b则是不表“存在”的一种惯用结构，意即：她的贞操勿庸置疑。

以上三种结构除用于陈述句外，尚可见于疑问句。如：

Is there any use in discussing the matter further?这种事再讨论下去有何益处？

Is there any hurry about it?这事需要匆忙吗？

此惯用结构中的be有时可与情态动词连用，其语气更趋委婉。如：

There could be no mistaking where he had come from.他从哪里来是相当清楚的。

此结构中的no也不是一成不变的，它可被其他形式所取代。如：

There isn’t any getting away from it.要从它那里逃脱是不可能的。

There was never believing half of what he said.他的话连一半也不信。

There’s never any predicting what they will do next.无法料及他们下一步将会干什么

"There be"是英语中最常见的又是非常重要的句型,它是表示"存在"的一种基本方式,其句型结构通常为:There be+sb./sth.+ somewhere/doing sth.但作为英语教师,仅仅知道这点用法还远远不够,"There be"还有更多较为特殊的用法。下面笔者想通过例子来共同商榷。

我们都知道"There be"后面可跟一个名词或动名词,请看下面例句:

1.There is a shop at the corner,where you can buy fruits.

在拐角处有家商店,你可以在那里买水果。

2.There is no knowing what may happen tomorrow.

谁也不知道明天将发生什么。

同时,我们也可以根据表达的需要,在There与be之间用上恰当的情态动词can,may,must,should,will等,构成:There will

/may/must/can,etc.be...请看:

1.There will be another bridge across the Yellow River with the quick development of the economy of China.

随着中国经济的飞速发展,黄河上将有另一座桥。

2.There must be some rules for the changes.

这些变化中一定有规律。

3.There may be some errors,but the composition,as a whole,is beyond praise.

这篇作文可能有些小错误,但总的来说是非常好的。

4.There should be some steps to prevent such accidents.

要防止这样的事故,应该采取一些措施。

除此之外,如果您是一位注重课外阅读者,相信也经常可以见到"There to be"和"There being"结构。例如:

1.It was unusual for there to be so few flowers in the park.

公园里只有这么一点花是不同寻常的。

2.There being no bus,we had to take a taxi.

因为没有公共汽车,我们只好乘出租车。

接下来,我们一起探讨"There to be"和"There being"的用法及意义:

I."There to be"的用法及意义:

A."There to be"可以用作一个动词的宾语,我们通常称之为复合宾语,其意义常表示对将来的一种意愿或希望,但目前还没"存在"。例如:

1.Would you like there to be a hospital near your home

你想在你家附近有家医院吗

(事实上,目前还没有医院。划线部分作动词like的宾语)

2.We teachers don't want there to be any students staying in the classroom after school.

我们老师不希望有任何学生放学后留在教室里。

(实际上所有的学生放学后都离校)

3.She doesn't hope there to be any quarrel between me and her.

她不希望我们之间有什么争吵。(对将来的一种希望)

B."There to be"也可以用在句型"It be+adj.for..."中。例如:

1.It is impossible for there to be any more chance.

不可能再有机会。

2.It was too late for there to be any open shops.

时间太晚了,不会有营业的商店了。

3.It is important for there to be a free school for the poor children.

给贫困的孩子建一所免费学校太重要了。

II."There being"的用法及意义:

A."There being"可以用作一个介词的复合宾语,跟"There to be"不同的是:"There to be"往往表示目前"没有存在"的事物;而"There being"则通常表示"已经存在"的事情。请看:

1.The Chinese are proud of there being the Great Wall in North China.

中国人以在中国北部有个长城而自豪。

2.No one told him about there being a meeting that afternoon.

没人告诉他那天下午有个会。

3.You were wrong about there being some misunderstandings between us.

认为我们之间有误解,那你就错了。

B."There being"还可以用作副词,在语法上叫"独立结构"。如:

1.There being nothing to do,we went home separately.

由于没有什么事要做,我们就各自回家了。

2.There being no teacher in the classroom,the pupils began to talk freely.

由于教室里没有教师,学生们开始自由交谈。

总之,掌握"There be"的用法及意义对我们教师来说极为重要,同时,我们也要关注"There to be"和"There being"。知己知彼,由此及彼,才能使自身的英语炉火纯青!

过去完成时态用法小结

过去完成时态的用法小结 默认分类2009-12-27 12:54:52 阅读281 评论0 字号：大中小订阅 一、过去完成时适用场合 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。 I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。 The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。 2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。如： He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。 He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。 He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。 3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。如： Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。4. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。 He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他刚离开房间，他们就议论起他来。 We had hardly begun when we were told to stop. 我们刚开始就被叫停。 It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话，这是第一次。 二、过去完成时与一般过去时的比较 1. 当一个由before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时，两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。 We had breakfast after we did morning exercises. 做完早操后，我们吃早饭。 The train started to move just before he reached the platform. 他到月台时火车刚开走。 They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields. 他们一到地里就开始耕地。 2. 按时间顺序叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作时，用一般过去时。 He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table. 他走进屋子，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。 3. 在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“计划”、“想法”、“许诺”等时，hope, mean, plan, think, intend等谓语动词常用过去完成时。 I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train. 我本来希望昨晚回来的，但没搭上火车。 We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go. 我们本想早回来的，但他们不让我们走。 4. 在表示过去的句子中出现常与完成时态连用的词，如：already，yet，since，for，ever，never及次数名词等时，常用过去完成时来表示。

Therebe 句型用法归纳

T h e r e?b e?句型用法归纳 一、1.?定义：There?be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。? 2.?结构：(1)?There?is?+?单数可数名词????? ?? ?(2)?There?are?+?复数可数名词? 动词要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。 ?eg. ?①?There?is?a?bird?in?the?tree.???树上有一只鸟。 ②?There are?two birds?in?the?tree. ?树上有两只鸟。 4.当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。（就 近原则） ?①?There?is?a?teacher?and?many?students?in?our?classroom.??我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。（就近原则） ②??There?are?many?students?and?a?teacher?in?our?classroom.?我们教室里有许多学生 和一位老师。（就近原则） ?5.?There?be句型与have的区别：? There?be?句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There?be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。 eg.?①He?has?two?potatoes.???他有两个儿子。? ??②There?are?two?potatoes under the bed.????床的下面有两个土豆。 二、一般疑问句?? ????There?be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词放到句首（首字母大写），再在句尾加上问号。?? eg.??There?is?a book on the desk. ?→?Is?there?a book on the desk??肯定回答：Yes, there is. /No, there isn’t. There are two books on the desk. 改成一般疑问句 肯定回答： 否定回答： 三、练习 ??1..用is或are填空? (1).? There?_____?a?book?and?two?pens?on?the?desk.?? (2).? There?____?some?water in?the?picture.?? (3).? There ?_____?some?cards?in?Jim’s?bag.? (4).? There _____?an eraser in the pencil box. (5).? There?_____?one?pupil in?our?school. ?(6).? There?_____ three footballs and a cap on the chair. 2.把下列的句子改成一般疑问句并作回答。 1. There is an orange in the box. are four hamburgers on the floor. is one strawberry and twelve pears under the chair. 七、阅读理解，选择正确答案（每空2?分，共8分） ?Lucy?is?my?friend.?She?lives?in?a?small?house?near?a?park?in?Canada.?I?am?ten,?L ucy?is?ten?,?too.?Lucy?tell?me?more?about?Canada.?I?know?Canada?is?such?a?big?coun try.?So?I?want?to?learn?English.?And?I?tell?Lucy?more?about?China.?Lucy?likes?China?

“there be”句型的几种特殊用法

There be 句型的几种特殊结构及其用法 There be句型是一种应用十分广泛和频繁的句型。但是对there be句型的多变的特点及其特殊结构的复杂性，并不是每个考生都熟悉了解。在大学英语四级考试题中也常常遇到这一句型结构的试题。 例如： Ann never dreams of _________ for her to be sent abroad very soon．（CET-4，1998．6-43） A）there to be a chance B）there being a chance C）there be a chance D）being a chance 该题的答案为B）。 动词 dream of 要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，更准确地讲是介词of后要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，there being a chance意为"有一个机会"；A）和C）两项均不符合句子结构的要求，所以不是答案选项，而D）项 being a chance 虽然是 V-ing 分词结构，但语义不通，故不能雪 又如： No one had told Smith about ____ a lecture the following day．（CET-4，2001．1-66） A）there be B）there would be C）there was D）there being 该题的答案为D）。介词 about 后要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，there being（a lecture）意为"有（一个讲座）"，而A）、B）和C）项内容均不符合结构要求，故不能雪 再如： It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping，singing，or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound．（CET-4，1995．1） 该句子中出现了for there to be 的结构，如果按照上一题的解题思路去理解：介词后要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，那么，这一结构似乎是错的；但是，实际上此结构没有错，此处只能够用 for there to be，而不能用 there being。为什么呢？这就是本文想要解答的问题：there be 句型的特殊结构及其用法。笔者将 there be 句型的几种特殊结构及其用法进行归纳、总结如下，供读者参考。 一、there be句型与各种情态动词连用。 例如： There must be something wrong here． There might still be some vacant seats in the rear． There ought to be something with which to fill your stocking． 二、there be句型中的谓语动词be被be likely to be，happen to be，seem（to be）， occur等代替，用来描写事物。例如： ] There are likely to be more difficulties than they have been prepared for． There happened to be nobody in the room． There doesn’t seem to be much hope of our beating that team ． There seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape，the relative length of day and night，and the climate must all play a big part in determining what kind of people we are． There have occurred many great changes since we met last． 三、there be 句型中的谓语动词be被一些不及物动词代替，如 live，stand，exist，remain等，用来表示"静止、存在、有"。例如： There lives a family of five in the village． There remains nothing more to be done． There stands the Monument to the People’s Heroes at the center of the Tian’anmen Square． There exist different opinions on this question． 四、there be 句型中的谓语动词be被一些不及物动词代替，如 come，spring up，appear，emerge，arrive，enter，follow, 等，用来表示"突然出现"。例如：

it的用法归纳

?Never be afraid of grammar ?Collect some examples; ?Watch them very carefully; ?Find out something in common; ?Try to use the rules ---- practise. it用法完全归纳 一、it 作人称代词的用法 1.指事物 作为人称代词，it 可以除人以外的一切事物或动物。如： I dropped my watch and it broke. 我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。 It’s hard work, but I enjoy it. 工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。 “Where is the dog?”“It’s in the bedroom. ”“狗在哪?”“在卧室里”。 2.指人 it 指人主要用于指不性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。如： Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩? There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman. 有人在敲门，一定是邮递员。 【说明】在答语中，常用来指本人，如说It’s me。

3.代替某些代词 代词it 还可用于代替指示代词this, that 以及复合不定代词something, anything, nothing等。如： “What’s this?”“It’s a new machine. ”“这是什么?”“是一种新机器”。 Nothing is wrong, is it? 没出什么问题，是吗? 二、it 作非人称代词的用法 1.基本用法 it 作非人称代词的用法，主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象。如： It’s too late to go there now. 现在去那儿已经太迟了。 It rained all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雨。 It can get very hot here. 这里有时会很热。 2.用于某些句型 It’s time for sth. 该做某事了。 It’s time to do sth. 该做某事的时候了。 It’s time for sb to do sth. 某人该干某事了。 It’s (about / high) time + that-从句. 某人该做某事了。(从句谓语用过去式，有时也用“should+动词原形”) It’s first (second) time + that-从句. 某人第几次干某事。(从句谓语用现在完成时)

过去完成时知识点总结和题型总结(word)

过去完成时知识点总结和题型总结（word） 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．—We all went to the park except you last weekend. Why didn't you come? —Because I the park twice. A. have gone to B. had gone to C. had been to D. have been to 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】have gone to去了（尚未回）．have been to去过（已回），根据句意在last weekend之前去过，所以用过去完成时，故选C。 【点评】本题考查过去完成时的用法，表示在过去某一时间前已经发生的动作。 2．Sue didn't go to see the film with us last week because she ________________ it with her mother. A. has seen B. had seen C. will see D. saw 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：苏上星期没和我们一起去看电影，因为她和她妈妈一起看过了。 A.已经看了，现在完成时； B.已经看了，过去完成时； C.将看，一般将来时； D.看了，一般过去时。Sue和妈妈看了电影的影响是上周Sue没有和我们看电影，所以用完成时，根据didn't可知是与过去有关，所以用过去完成时，结构是had+动词过去分词，see的过去分词是seen，故选B。 【点评】考查过去完成时，注意平时识记其结构，理解句意。 3．Jake _____his key in the office so he had to wait until his wife _______ home. A. has forgotten … comes B. forgot… come C. had left… came D. had left…would come 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：杰克把他的钥匙丢在办公室了，因此他不得不等到他的妻子回家。结合语境可知前文描述的是过去某时前已经完成的动作，故用过去完成时态。下文指的是过去某时的动作，故用一般过去时态。选C。 【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。 4．When I ______ the cinema, the film _______for ten minutes A. got to; has begun B. arrived at; has been on C. reached; had begun D. hurried to; had been on

there be 句型 介词的用法

一、There be 句型 1. 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。 2. 结构：(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语. (2) There are +复数名词+地点状语. There be结构中的动词be的确定 1. there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,是复数时用are。如: There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。 There is some money in the purse. 钱包里有些钱。 2. 若句子中有几个并列的主语时,be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。如: There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house. 房子里有一个男孩,一个女孩和两个妇女。 There are ten students and a teacher in the office. 办公室里有十个学生和一个教师。 另外,在陈述句中为了强调地点,也可将介词短语提置句首。如: In the tree there are five birds. 树上有五只鸟。 二、 There be 结构的句型转换 1. 否定句: there be的否定式通常在be后加not构成(在口语中be时常与not缩写在一起,is not=is n’t are not=are n’t)。如果句中有some,一般要变成any。如:

There are some children in the picture. →There aren't any children in the picture. 2.一般疑问句及其回答:把be提到there前,首字母大写,句末用问号即可(句中的some一样要改为any)。其肯定回答是Yes, there is / are;否定回答为No, there isn't / aren't。如: -Are there two cats in the tree? -Yes, there are. (No, there aren't.) 3. 特殊疑问句及其回答:①提问句子的主语(包括主语前的修饰语)时,句型一律用"what is + 地点介词短语?"(无论主语是单数还是复数都用is)。如: There are some birds in the tree. →What's in the tree? ②就there be后面的地点状语进行提问时,句型用"where is / are + 主语?"如: There is a car in the street. →Where is the car? ③提问可数名词(主语)前的数量时,用how many,句型结构为"how many + 复数名词+ are there + 其它?"(主语无论是单数还是复数,be通常要用are)。如: The re is a cat under the bed. →How many cats are there under the bed? 三、There be句型与have、has的区别： (1) There be 句型和have, has都表示“有”的含

It的用法及典型句型归纳. 个人总结

It的用法及典型句型归纳 一、人称代词it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，想法，以避免重复;也可以指性别不明或性别被认为是不重要的人或动物；未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。 ①They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance. ②Is this your dog？No, it isn’t. ③I hate it when people talk with a full mouth.． 二、.非人称代词.it有时并不指具体的东西而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等： It is a lovely day, isn’t it? // It was nearly midnight when she came back. It is April First today. // It is some 3000 kilometers from A to B. It is three dollars. // Today it is 30 degrees centigrade. 三、作形式主语，替代主语从句，动词不定式，或动名词短语 1.作形式主语替代主语从句 ⑴It is clear ( obvious，true，possible，certain....) that ＂┅清楚的（显然的，真的，可能的,肯定的．．．）＂ ⑵It is important ( necessary，right，strange，natural...) that + (should ) do (虚拟语气) ┅是重要的(必要的,对的,奇怪的,自然的┅) ⑶It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....) that = sb / sth is said (reported/ believed /thought…) to do( to be doing/ to have done) sth ＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。 ⑷It is suggested ( advised/ ordered / demanded/ insisted/ commanded... ) that +(should ) do ＂据建议；有命令．． ⑸It is a pity ( a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a surprise/... ) that that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 小练一下： It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. = It is important that we (learn) English well. It is necessary that he (remember) these words. It is said that he has come to Beijing. = It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. = It is suggested that the meeting ( put off). It was ordered that we (arrive) there in two hours. It is a pity that such a thing ( happen) in your class. It is a pity that he (be) ill. 2.作形式主语替代不定式 . ⑴It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth.= sb be kind to do sth.一般都是表示人的特性的形容词。如： bad /brave /careless/ clever /cruel / foolish / good （好心的）/ honest/ kind / lazy / modest/ naughty/ nice（有教养的）/polite/ rude / silly / stupid / wise ，等。 Eg. It is kind of you to give me a hand. = ⑵It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. .不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起。常见的形容词有： Important/ necessary/ natural/ easy / safe / common / normal / hard / difficult / dangerous/ unusual/ rare / impossible / pleasant Eg. It is important for her to come to the party.

英语过去完成时的用法总结

英语过去完成时的用法总结 它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构 主语+had+过去分词vpp、(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词、 ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词、 ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had、 否定回答：No,主语+had not 、 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 基本用法表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如： By nine o’clock last night, we had got200 pictures from the spaceship、到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 过去完成时-语法判定 1、由时间状语来判定

一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night、 （2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term、 （3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday、 2、由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before、 （2 ）状语从句中

(完整word版)Therebe句型用法总结

There be 句型用法总结 There be 结构是英语中陈述事物客观存的常用句型，表示“有”，其确切含义是“存在”there 作为引导词，本身没有意义，用动词be的某些形式作为谓语动词，它的主语是用一些表示泛指或不定特指的名词词组，动词be和 主语的数必须一致。句子最后通常为表示地点和时间的状语。因此要表达“某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人”的时候常用“There be + 名词+ 地点（时间）这一句型。例如： There is a great Italian deli across the street. 穿过街道，有一家大的意大利熟食店。There are some students in the dormitory. 在宿舍里有一些学生。 一、There be 结构中的主谓一致 1.当动词be后所接的名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词时，be 应该取单数is；当其后所接的名词是复数的可数名词时，be用复数are。 There's a man at the door.门口有个人。 There is some apple juice in the bottle. 瓶子里有些苹果汁。 There are some strangers in the street.大街上有一些陌生人。 2.如果There be 后面是几个并列名词做主语时，动词be的形式和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致。 There is an ashtray and two bottles on the shelf. 架子上有一只烟灰缸和两个瓶子。There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf. 架子上有两个瓶子和一个烟灰缸。 二、There be 结构中的时态 1.There be 句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。 There is no harm in trying.不妨一试。 There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring. 去年春天，山中有极美的野花。There will be a fine day tomorrow. 明天将是一个晴天。 There have been several private schools in our area this year. 今年，我们这里已经有好几所私立学校了。 2.There be 句型可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。 There may be a cigarette in that box. 那只盒子里或许有支香烟。 There must be some cakes on the table. 桌子上一定有些蛋糕。 There used to be a hospital there before the war. 战前，那里曾经有家医院。 3.There be 句型也可以和这样一些的谓语动词连用：be going to 、seem to 、appear to 、used to、be likely to 、happen to …. There seem to be a few trees between me and the green. 在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。 There is gong to be a meeting tonight. 今天晚上有个会议。 There is likely to be a storm 可能有一场暴雨。 There happened to be a bus nearby. 碰巧附近有辆公交车。 There appears to have been a nasty accident. 似乎发生了一起严重事故。 4.there be 结构中除可以用be 外，还可以用其它动词。例如： There came a scent of lime-blossom. 飘来一阵菩提树的花香。 Once upon a time there lived a king in China. 从前中国有一个国王。

Therebe句型用法归纳

There be句型用法归纳 、1.定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人 2. 结构：⑴There is +单数可数名词 （2） There are +复数可数名词 3. be动词要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。 eg. ① There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。 ② There are two birds in the tree. 树上有两只鸟。 4. 当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。 （就近原则） ①There is a teacher and manystudents in our classroom. 我们教室里有一 位老师和许多学生。（就近原则） ②There are manystudents and a teacher in our classroom.我们教室里有许多学 生和一位老师。（就近原则） 5. There be句型与have的区别： There be句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人” ；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。eg.①Hehastwo potatoes. 他有两个儿子。 ②There are two potatoes under the bed. 床的下面有两个土豆。 二、一般疑问句 There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词放到句首（首字母大写），再在句尾加上问号。 eg. There is a book on the desk. f Is there a book on the desk? 肯定回答：Yes, there is. /No, there isn '. There are two books on the desk. 改成一般疑问句 ______________________________ 肯定回答： _____________________ 否定回答： ___________________ 三、练习

it的用法及句型总结

It的用法 一、Tell the functions for “it” in each sentence: 1、---What’s the weather together ---It is fine. 2. It is hard to communicate with him. 3. I find it hard to communicate with him. 4. It is Li that who cleaned the classroom. 5. It is a book. 二、It 用法归纳 1，指代it （1）.用作人称代词：指代物、整个句子 （2）用作非人称代词 2，形式it：（1）作形式主语（2）作形式宾语 3，强调it 4，特殊句型 5.在答语中指代this/that： 1).--- Whose book is that ---It’s mine. 三、特别注意： it, one和that作替代词的用法及区别 1. it代替前面提到的同一事物,该事物既可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词。 (特指，指代单数，指代物，同名同物) Can I borrow your pen—Sorry， I’m using it.

2. one代替前面提到的同类事物中的一个。该事物只能是可数名词,前面可以有冠词,也可以被this、that或形容词修饰,其后也可以有定语。（泛指，指代可数名词，指代人或物，同名异物） I have a bike. Do you have one Eg: (1).I bought a dictionary three years ago and I am still using______ now. (2) I bought a dictionary three years ago but I am going to buy a new _______soon. (3). that代替前面提到的同类事物中特指的一个。该事物既可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词,必须要有后置定语,但不可以有前置修饰语。（特指，指代单数或不可数，指代物，后面有定语） The coffee produced in Brazil is more famous than __________in Mexico. 四：形式主语、宾语、强调句及其他

过去完成时用法小结

过去完成时用法小结 一、过去完成时适用场合 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。 I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。 The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。 2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。如： He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。 He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。 He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。 3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。如： Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。4. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when...（刚…就…）, no sooner...than... （刚…就…）, It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。 He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他刚离开房间，他们就议论起他来。 We had hardly begun when we were told to stop. 我们刚开始就被叫停。 It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话，这是第一次。 二、过去完成时与一般过去时的比较 1. 当一个由before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时，两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。 We had breakfast after we did morning exercises. 做完早操后，我们吃早饭。 The train started to move just before he reached the platform. 他到月台时火车刚开走。 They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields. 他们一到地里就开始耕地。 2. 按时间顺序叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作时，用一般过去时。 He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table. 他走进屋子，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。 3. 在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“计划”、“想法”、“许诺”等时，hope, mean, plan, think, intend等谓语动词常用过去完成时。 I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train. 我本来希望昨晚回来的，但没搭上火车。 We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go. 我们本想早回来的，但他们不让我们走。 4. 在表示过去的句子中出现常与完成时态连用的词，如：already，yet，since，for，ever，

高中英语语法权威解析二---“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解(附练习题)

第二章“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解 "It" 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应给予充分的重视，现将it用法归纳如下： 一、It用作实词 表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象…… 二、It用作形式主语 替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。 It 作形式主语的常见句型： 1. 代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为 (1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth. 此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous… 例It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license. (2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth. 此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy. 例It's kind of you to help me with the problem. (3) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型 It's no good/use doing… It's (well)worth doing… It's (well)worth one's while doing/to do… It's (well)worth while doing/ to do 例It's no use crying over spilt milk. 2. It替代作主语的从句常见句型 (1) It is + noun +从句 例It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office. (2) It is adj. +clause It's surprising that…(should)………竟然…… It's a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然…… 例It's important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=It's of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.) (3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze /bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that… 例It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.) (4) It verb (to sb.) that…= sb/sth verb to do (verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out) 例It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.) (5) It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do (verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know） 例It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.) (6) It is v-ed that … (should)… (verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend 例It is suggested that they should begin with the third question. 三、It作主语的句型 1. It takes sb. …to do…(=sb takes…to do…)某人用多长时间做某事 例It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.) 2. It's (just)(un)like sb. to do…（不）像某人做某事的风格 例It was (just) like him to think of helping us.