综合教程第五册 Unit 1

Text I

The Fourth of Tuly

By Audre Lorde

Learning objectives

To observe the narrative writing in which the first-person narration is employed

To examine an account of the major events organized in a chronological order with occasional flashbacks inserted

Warm-up questions

What does the fourth of July refer to in American history?

What does the name Washington D. C. signify?

Your attitudes towards racial discrimination and segregation?

Related information

The Fourth of July:

z This day is kept as a national holiday in the United States of America, because the Declaration of Independence asserting the sovereign independence of the former British colonies was adopted on the fourth of July, 1776.

Washington, D.C.

Text Explanation & Analysis

This is a piece of narrative writing in which the first-person narration is employed. The whole text may be divided into four main parts. The first paragraph, which is the beginning part, provides the background of the story, introducing the main characters, the place and time of the major event narrated in the story. The second part, which consists of Paragraphs 2 — 6, tells us all the necessary preparations, especially the different kinds of food the writer's mother had prepared for their Washington trip. Also, this part briefly relates two examples of racial discrimination and segregation. The third part, which comprises Paragraphs 7 — 17，is the most important section of the narrative text. This part concentrates on the major event of the text — the injustice with which the writer and her family members had been treated. Included in this part are also some of the writer’s visits and her psychological activities.

Organization analysis

Part 2

z The second part tells us all the necessary preparations, especially the different kinds of food the writer's mother had prepared for their Washington trip. Also, this part briefly relates two examples of racial discrimination and segregation. So Which paragraphs constitute the second part?

z Paragraphs 2 – 6

Part 3

z The third part is the most important section of the narrative text. It concentrates on the major event of the text -- the injustice with which the writer and her family members had been treated. Included in this part are also some of the writer's visits and her psychological activities. So which paragraphs go to this part?

Paragraphs 7-17

Part 4 (para 18-19)

z These two paragraphs, which wind up the narrative text, present a brief account of the different

effects of the injustice on the black family. The writer's fury did not seem to be shared by her parents or by her sisters.

About the author

Audre Geraldine Lorde (February 18, 1934 – November 17, 1992) was a Caribbean-American writer, poet and activist.

She was born in New York City, and she attended Hunter College and Columbia University and later became a professor of English at Hunter College in New York. Her writings included Between Ourselves（1976) and Chosen Poems（1982). “The Fourth of July” is taken from her autobiography, Zami：A New Spelling of My Name（1982).

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 1

z The first paragraph presents the background information, which tells us the circumstances under which the author's family were going to take the Washington trip and why.

z The following two questions may be used for discussion:

(1)When and where did the writer's family go for a visit?

z The writer's family went to Washington D. C. at the beginning of the summer when the writer graduated from the eighth grade and her elder sister from high school.

(2) Why did the family go on a Fourth of July trip?

z The family went on a Fourth of July trip for two reasons. The main reason was that the writer and her sister had just graduated from school and the trip was taken as an event to mark their graduation and regarded as their graduation present. The other reason was that the Fourth of July is the National Day in the USA, the day on which America won independence and freedom. As a way of celebration, most Americans will take trips to various places.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 2-6

z Paragraphs 2-6 This part mainly tells the readers the preparations made for the trip, in particular, the large amount and variety of food the author’s mother had prepared for the family, which actually turned their first trip on a passenger train to Washington into a real mobile feast. Part of the reason for doing so was that her mother knew only too well that it would be an unpleasant experience if they should go to eat in the dining car. A previous event was related in the 6th paragraph, revealing the reason why the author’s sister Phyllis had not been able to go to Washington together with her classmates.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 3

z Preparations were in the air around our house before school was even over. —

z Preparations were made all about our house even before school was over. / Preparations were being made in our house even before school was closed for the summer vacation.

z in the air

z Fig. everywhere; all about; able to be felt or noticed Spring is in the air, and many people’s thoughts are turning to travel. / There is such a feeling of joy in the air.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 3

z In fact, my first trip to Washington was a mobile feast. —

z Actually, my first trip to Washington was a wonderful or elaborate meal that we enjoyed in the chugging train. //

z Indeed, my first trip to Washington was like a very pleasant or very agreeable feast, because I started eating as soon as we were comfortably settled in our seats and did not stop until somewhere after Philadelphia.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 3

z ensconce: 1. to settle securely or snugly 2. to cover or shelter; hide securely

z I found her in the library, ensconced in an armchair.

z He ensconced himself in the closet in order to eavesdrop.

z eavesdrop: to listen secretly to a private conversation.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 4

z dainty adj. (of things) small and pretty；(of people) neat and delicate in build or movement; fastidious esp. about food

z fastidious:

z1. excessively particular, critical, or demanding; hard to please: a fastidious eater.

z2. requiring or characterized by excessive care or delicacy; painstaking.

1. The bowls are all made of dainty porcelain.

2. She is a dainty girl, but she is very capable.

3. Mrs. Smith is very dainty about food.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 4

z scallop vt. decorate with a row of curves forming an edge or pattern on pastry, etc.

z They decorated the cake with scalloped edges.

z His parents had scalloped his birthday cake.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 4

z marigold n. any of various types of a garden plant with orange or yellow flowers(金盏花；金盏菊；万寿菊)

z The garden is very beautiful with so many marigolds in full bloom.

z His birthday cake was scalloped with marigolds.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 4

z rock-cake: a small currant cake with a hard rough crust 岩皮饼(一种表面粗硬的小甜饼) ，a small hard cake with a rough surface that has dried fruit inside

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 4

z spice(d) bun

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 4

z mayonnaise jar: a container used to hold thick creamy sauce made of egg-yolks, oil and vinegar, used esp. on cold foods such as salads; dish made with this.(蛋黄酱)

z dill n. a herb with scented leaves and seeds used for flavoring pickles(漪萝，小茵香)

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 4

z fuzz n. fluff; fluffy or frizzled hair; short, fine hair that sticks up

z A peach skin is covered with fuzz.

z There is some tiny fuzz on the newly emerged tender sprouts.

z bruise n. an injury caused by a blow or knock to the body or to a fruit, discoloring the skin but not breaking it

z v. cause a bruise or bruises on sth. ；show the effect of a blow or knock

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 4

z dampen v.: to make damp

z rosewater n.: a liquid which is made from roses and which has pleasant smell and is used as perfume and in cooking

z glycerine n.: a sticky colourless liquid used in making soap, medicine, and explosives 甘油, 丙三醇

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 5

z for the umpteenth time：for numerous times：for countless times

z For the umpteenth time, I tell you I don't know!

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 5

z Perhaps it would go away, deprived of her attention. —

z Mother meant to deliberately overlook whatever she did not like and could not change. // Perhaps the whole thing would be gradually forgotten, if she did not pay any attention to it. Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 6

z We still take among-you to Washington… —

z We will still take you, all three of you，to Washington…

z among-you：your kind; you in a group

z The senator was forced to avow openly that he had received some money from that company. z not just for an overnight in some measly fleabag hotel —

z not merely staying for one night in a small，lousy hotel

z The word overnight is usually an adverb or adjective, meaning for or during the night; how ever, it is used as a noun, which is very rare, meaning an overnight stay.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 6

z overnight adv. ＆adj. during or for the night; suddenly or very quickly

z He stayed overnight at a friend's house.

z She became a celebrity overnight.

z They had an overnight stop in Rome.

z It was an overnight success.

z measly adj. ridiculously small in size, amount and value

z What a measly birthday present！

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 6

z fleabag n. (sl) a dirty or unpleasant person or animal：a cheap and dirty hotel

z I hate the old lady next door — she is a real fleabag.

z We had to make do with the fleabag motel for the night.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 7-17

z Paragraph 7-17

z This part is the core of the whole narration. Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 7-17

z The following questions are mooted for discussion:

z(1)Why did the writer spend the whole next day after Mass squinting up at the Lincoln Memorial? And why had Marian Anderson sung at the Lincoln Memorial after the D. A. R. refused to allow her to sing in their auditorium because she was Black?

z Both the writer and Marian Anderson are black. The writer spent the whole next day after Mass squinting up at the Lincoln Memorial because it was Lincoln, the American President, who liberated the blacks in America, who advocated freedom for the colored and who even sacrificed his life for the emancipation of the black people. Both the writer and Marian Anderson cherished the memory of this great man. Marian Anderson had sung at the Lincoln Memorial, also because she wanted to spread Lincoln's noble ideas, to show that his noble ideas had not been realized and to call on people to fight against racial discrimination and segregation so as to make Lincoln's noble thought come true and win liberation and freedom for the black people.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 7-17

z(2) Why was the writer squinting?

z The writer was squinting because she was in that silent agony that characterized all of her childhood summers, from the time school let out in June to the end of July, brought about by her dilated and vulnerable eyes exposed to the summer brightness. In other words, she was squinting because she was suffering realistically from the dazzling sunlight and mentally from the suffocating white domination.

z(3)Why didn’t the author's parents approve of sunglasses？Was it just because they were too expensive?

z The expense may not be the real reason. Wearing sunglasses will make the dazzling light milder. What her parents were really saying was that they wanted their kids to realize to the fullest extent the injustice that was inflicted upon the black people.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 7-17

z(4) Do you find some symbolic meaning in Paragraph 11？

z Yes. While squinting up at monuments to freedom and past presidencies and democracy, the writer was wondering why the light and heat were both so much stronger in Washington D. C. than back home in New York City. Even the pavement on the streets was a shade lighter in color than back home. Here, most probably, the white light and heat and the white pavement on the streets symbolize the white domination. Actually, the writer was wondering why the white domination or racial discrimination was even stronger in Washington D. C. than back home in New York City.

z(5)Why did the writer’s father decree another treat?

z Moved by their historical surroundings and the heat of the early evening, her father decreed yet another treat. Also, it was because he had a great sense of history, a flair for the quietly dramatic and a strong sense of a special occasion and a trip.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 7-17

z(6) What was it that the waitress at the ice-cream counter was saying to the family？

z She said, "I kin give you to take out, but you can’t eat here. " In other words, the waitress said clearly that the writer and her family could be allowed to take the food out, but not to eat it in the ice-cream store.

z(7)How did the family feel when they marched out of the store?

z They felt indignant and outraged.

z(8)What was the writer’s strong feeling?

z The writer felt extremely indignant and outraged. She was particularly hurt and responded to

it indignantly："But we hadn't done anything！”"This wasn't right or fair！”"Hadn't I written poems about freedom and democracy for all?"

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 7

z an extra cot for me:

z an additional smaller bed for me

z cot n. a bed for a young child, usu. with sides to protect the child from falling out; simple narrow bed

z The baby is slumbering in the cot.

z A camp bed or a bunk bed on a ship is a typical cot.

z Cot is a word in British English, while crib (only for babies) is a word in American English.

z a back-street hotel：a hotel located on a by-street away from the main streets

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 7

z be in real estate：

z deal in real property or immovable property, consisting of land, buildings, etc. ；engage in the business of selling houses, land for building, etc.

z That businessman has been in real estate for 20 years, thus becoming a wealthy man.

z Those who have engaged in real estate are all in possession of plenty of property.

z Mass n. celebration of Christ's Last Supper, esp. in the Roman Catholic Church

z They go to Mass regularly.

z The priest says two Masses each day.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 8

z I was squinting because I was in that silent agony that characterized all of my childhood summers, from the time school let out in June to the end of July, brought about by my dilated and vulnerable eyes exposed to the summer brightness. —

z As they were often exposed to the summer brightness，my eyes became larger and wider and more vulnerable, which made me suffer silently and terribly throughout all of my childhood summers, from the time school let out in June to the end of July. As I was in that silent agony, my eyes were half shut or turned sideways while looking at things.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 8

z squint vi. look at sth. with eyes half shut or turned sideways，or through a narrow opening

z We have to squint in the bright sunlight.

z The pupils of your eyes dilate when you enter a dark room.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 7

vulnerable adj. that which can be hurt, wounded, or injured; exposed to attack or danger

Young birds are vulnerable to predators.

Cyclists are more vulnerable than motorists.

The election defeat puts the party leader in a vulnerable position.

D. A. R. ：

an acronym for Daughters of the American Revolution

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 9

z corolla n. a whorl or whorls of petals forming the inner envelope of a flower花冠

z travesty n. absurd imitation of or inferior substitute for; distortion

z The trial was a travesty of justice.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 11

z Even the pavement on the streets was a shade lighter in color than back home. —

z Even the footpath or sidewalk on the streets was slightly lighter in color than back home.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 12

z We were a proper caravan, mother bright and father brown, the three of us girls step-standards in-between. —

z We were just like a group of tourists traveling together across a desert, feeling hot and thirsty, mother in possession of a bright complexion, father a brown complexion, and the three of us girls looking neither bright nor brown, but in gradual shades from bright to brown.

z caravan n. a group of people (e. g. merchants， gypsies

z，etc. )traveling together across a place such as a desert

z A caravan of merchants was traveling on camels across the desert.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 12

z My father decreed yet another treat. —

z My father decided to give us another special treat, something that was unexpected and that was not always available.

z decree vt. order sth. as if by an official command or decision

z The governor decreed a day of mourning.

z Fate decreed that they would not meet again.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 12

z He had a great sense of history, a flair for the quietly dramatic and the sense of specialness of an occasion and a trip. —

z He was keenly aware of the importance of history；he had the natural ability to quietly create an exciting and impressive atmosphere, and knew how much a special occasion and a trip meant.

z flair n. a natural ability to do sth. well：original and attractive quality

z She doesn’t show much flair for the piano.

z She has a real flair for languages.

z specialness n. a state of being particular, being out of the ordinary；peculiarity

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 14

z Indoors，the soda fountain was dim and fan-cooled, deliciously relieving to my scorched eyes. —

z Inside the store, the soda fountain was glum and gloomy and cooled by electric fans, which agreeably relieved my eyes of the strong sunlight and heat outdoors.

z fan-cooled adj. cooled by blowing a current of air on with or as if with a fan

z my scorched eyes：my eyes affected by strong light and heat; my eyes injured by heat

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 14

z soda fountain:

z a counter or stand where beverages, ice cream and snacks are sold

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 15

z Corded and crisp and pinafored, the five of us seated ourselves one by one at the counter. — z Still wearing our well-tied, smoothly-ironed outer garments, the five of us seated ourselves one by one on counter stools.

z corded adj. tied, bound, or connected by thick strings or laces

z crisp adj. with a stiff, uncreased, or unspoiled surface; well-ironed

z pinafored adj. wearing a sleeveless, collarless outer garment that is usu. tied at the back

z Girl wearing a white pinafore over her dress.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 15

z along the white mottled marble counter —

z along the counter made of white marble marked with patches of different colors without a regular pattern

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 16

z“I said I kin give you to take out … ” —

z“I said I can allow you to take the food out … ”

z The word kin is an intact reproduction of the waitress’ informal utterance of the word can.

z Then she dropped her eyes looking very embarrassed … —

z Then she lowered her eyes，looking very awkward and uncomfortable…

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 17

z outrage vt. (esp. passive) shock or offend sb; upset sb. greatly

z They were outraged by the announcement of massive price increases.

z What they did outraged public opinion.

z guilty silence：silence affected by a sense of guilt

z Here, the word guilty is used as a transferred epithet.

Transferred Epithet

z transferred epithet: It is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleepless nights on my project.移就,

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 18-19

z The following two questions are to be answered:

z(1)How did the writer's parents and her two sisters respond to the unfair treatment afterwards?

z The writer's parents wouldn’t speak of the injustice, not because they had contributed to it, but because they felt they should have anticipated it and avoided it. Neither her parents nor her sisters demonstrated the rage they felt inwardly：instead, they all pretended that nothing unusual and anti-American had occurred.

z(2) How did the writer feel after the injustice?

z The writer was plunged into extreme exasperation and was going to write a letter of protest to the president of the USA. This profound experience of white domination, racial discrimination and segregation so deeply affected the writer that she felt sick to her stomach for the rest of that trip. She didn't think that it was much of a graduation present after all.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 18

z Even my two sisters copied my parents’ pretense that nothing unusual and anti-American had occurred. —

z Even my two sisters followed my parents pretending that nothing unusual and anti-American had happened. // Following our parents’ example, even my two sisters pretended that the injustice had not happened to the family.

z copy vt. imitate, mimic, follow as a pattern or model

z The child copies his parents’ manners.

z"Good morning, boys and girls," the naughty boys said, copying his teacher’s voice.

Text Explanation & Analysis

Paragraph 19

z… made me sick to my stomach. —

z made me feel sick at heart; deeply affected me with repellent or repulsive disgust; made me obsessed with the detestable experience

Text II

I. Relevant information

About the author Maya Angelou

z Dr. Maya Angelou (1928 - ) is a remarkable Renaissance woman who is hailed as one of the great voices of contemporary literature. As a poet, educator, historian, best-selling author, actress, playwright, civil-rights activist, producer and director, she continues to travel the world, spreading her legendary wisdom.

About the text

z“Champion of the World” by Maya Angelou is from I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.

z“Champion of the World” is the nineteenth chapter in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings; the title is a phrase taken from the chapter.

大学英语阅读教程2答案

《全新版大学英语阅读教程》 (通用本课后练习答案) 第二册 UNIT ONE The Pleasure of Learning Key to the Exercises I. 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B II. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T. 5. F. 6. T III. 1.对于太多的人来说,学习似乎是自己的意愿屈服于外界的指引,是一种奴役. 2.然而,只要幸运,有决心,指导得法,人的精神不仅经得起贫穷而且经得起富裕的考验. 3.对一个人来说,形成完整和协调的人格与保持自身的卫生,健康以及经济上的自立是同样必要的,那些从来没有认识到这一点的人已经吃尽苦头. IV. 1. First of all , the writer points out that there is a mistake about learning. Some young people dislike learning simply because they are educated in the wrong way. Learning is a natural pleasure that should be enjoyed. Then he develops this idea by examples to illustrate the different aspects: learning from books, by travel and trough practice. Learning can expand one’s knowledge over a period of time. 2. The chief danger of learning is laziness, sloth, routine, stupidity. It sneaks into people’s mind like wind through the shutters, causing people to slowly give up learning. We should realize that learning is a life-long endeavor, and only by continuous learning can one gain a meaningful and rewarding life. Key to the reading—skill Exercises 1. Students have improved SAT scores. 2. Teenagers planned patrols 3. TV programs are less thorough than newspapers. 4. Welcome to Our City is about the South and its people 5. Some films show little children fascinated at the world. 6. One can communicate with the writer as one reads a book. with Santa Claus Key to the Exercises I . 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. B II. . 1. 朱莉让我们如此为难,我的确感到生气.难道圣诞老人不存在的事实不是从同学那里得知的吗 2.我给她讲述了事情的经过,尽量使它听起来滑稽有趣,希望她不要注意到我和杰里在处理我开始认为的"圣诞老人问题"上是如此拙劣. 3.我可以看出,他正努力在想一种办法,用来解释我们的行为,使其听起来不太像事实那样具有欺骗性,那样错误和愚蠢. 4.事情就这样结束了.对圣诞老人不存在的事实悲伤了片刻只后,生活又恢复了正常. III. 1. Santa Claus is an imaginary old man with a long white beard and a red coat.

综合教程1unit2词汇

Unit2 adjust v. change slightly in order to make suitable for a particular purpose or situation attic n. a space or room under the roof of a house, often used for storing things awfully ad. very calculate v. find sth. out by using mathematics code n. a set of instructions that tell a computer what to do county n. crinkly a. having many thin folds dial n. the round part of a clock, watch, machine, etc. having numbers that show that time or measurement dispute v. question or doubt the truth of sth. fraction n. a division or a part of a whole number in mathematics head v. be at the top of insert v. Put sth. inside or into sth. else inspector n. an official whose job is to check sth. loftily ad. in a way to show belief of being better than other people mechanical a. worked by machines nonchalantly ad. in a way to behave calmly and seem not to worry or care about anything punch n. the action of pressing a key or button in order to activate a device or perform an operation scornful a. Showing great disrespect for sb. or sth. screen n. the part of a television or computer where the picture or information appears slot n. an assigned place and time in a sequence or schedule superior a. thinking oneself better than others telebook n. a book written for presentation on television tuck v. put sth. into a small space, esp. in order to protect or hide it whistle v.make a high or musical sound by blowing air out through one’s lips in no time: very quickly or soon, esp. in a way that is surprising. send for ask or order sb. to come by sending him/her a message

英语泛读教程2参考答案(1-10)

英语泛读教程（第2册）参考答案 Unit One Comprehension Points 1.Every year at the same time the stars were in the same place in the sky. 2.They are the planets. 3.He thought that … (Page 2, parag. 12) 4.The idea was that the stars and the sun did not turn around the earth. Instead, it was the earth that was turning. The sun and the stars were not really moving. 5.Because they would upset the whole science of astronomy and cause cruel persecution by the Church. 6.Content/details. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ea2424539.html,mon. 8.Because radio telescopes find out new stars by picking up radio waves from them. 9.It means the group of stars that our earth is a member of. 10.The implication is that probably by then the earth has already been melted. 11.Every three days it gets very dim. It stays dim for a few hours, then it gets bright again. 12.Because a comet isn’t solid. It is thin like a cloud. Its tail is nothing but glowing gas. And its head is made of small pieces that could not hurt the earth. Exercises I. True or false 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. F II. 1.略。 2.Four stages. Childhood, manhood, old age, and the last stage. 3.The very hottest ones are blue. Those not quite so hot are white, and those less hot than the white ones are yellow and red. 4.略。 5.They help sailors to find their way and they help us to tell time. Unit Two Comprehension Points 1.It means to function properly. 2.电气史上最伟大的人物之一迈克尔·法拉第写了一篇报告，介绍了一种叫做gutta percha 的类似橡胶的物质，这种物质是从生在在马来西亚的一种树上提取出来的。 3.It means to bring out of the water on to the land. 4.To lay a cable under the Atlantic. 5.To become weaker. 6.第一个it指的是the telegraph failed，第二个it指的是it ever worked，第三个it指的是 the cable. 7.Because a big ship can’t carry the end of the cable on to the shore, it will get stranded.

综合教程翻译答案

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