The Cold War

The Cold War

The Cold War followed a struggle between communism and the free market systems of Europe and the United States, fought with propaganda, rising military budgets, wars by proxy, covert activities, and the political use of military and economic aid.

During World War II, despite mutual suspicion and distrust, the United States and Great Britain joined the Soviet Union in an effort to defeat their common enemy, Nazi Germany. The alliance began to crumble immediately after the surrender of the Hitler government in May 1945. Tensions were apparent during the Potsdam Conference in July, where the victorious Allies created the joint occupation of Germany. Determined to have a buffer zone between its borders and Western Europe, the Soviet Union set up pro-communist regimes in Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Albania and eventually in East Germany. Recognizing that it would not be possible to force the Soviets out of Eastern Europe, the United States developed the policy of containment to prevent the spread of Soviet and communist influence and power in Western European nations such as France, Italy and Greece.

These events and decisions marked the beginning of the Cold War, a struggle between communism and the free market systems of Europe and the United States, fought with propaganda, rising military budgets, wars by proxy, covert activities and the political use of military and economic aid. During the decade of the 1940s, the United States reversed its traditional reluctance to become involved in European affairs. The Truman Doctrine (1947) pledged aid to governments threatened by communist subversion. The Marshall Plan (1947) provided billions of dollars in economic assistance to eliminate the political instability that could result in communist takeovers of democratically elected governments. When the Soviets cut off all road and rail traffic to Berlin (1948), the United States and Great Britain responded with a massive airlift that supplied the besieged city for 231 days until the blockade was lifted. In 1949, the United States joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the first mutual security/military alliance in American history.

During the next decade, with the European situation essentially frozen in place, the conflict between East and West took place mainly in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The struggle to overthrow colonial regimes frequently became entangled in Cold War tensions as the superpowers competed to influence and control anti-colonial movements. In 1949, the communists triumphed in the Chinese civil war, setting off a bitter political debate in the United States concerning "who lost China." In 1950, after North Korea invaded South Korea, the United Nations and the United States sent military forces. When Communist China also intervened, several years of bloody campaigns were fought until a truce was signed in 1953 ending the Korean War. After the defeat of the colonial French regime in Vietnam (1954), the United States supported a military government in South Vietnam and worked to prevent free elections which might result in the unification of the country under the control of

communist North Vietnam. President Eisenhower also approved sending several thousand U.S. military advisers to help train the South Vietnamese army.

Closer to home, the Cuban resistance movement led by Fidel Castro deposed the

pro-American military dictatorship in 1959. Castro's Cuba quickly became militarily and economically dependent on the Soviet Union. In early 1961, the Eisenhower administration broke diplomatic relations with Cuba, tacitly acknowledging the presence of a Soviet foothold just ninety miles off the coast of Florida.

The 1960 presidential campaign was dominated by Cold War rhetoric. John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon both pledged to strengthen American military forces and both promised a tough stance against the Soviet Union and international communism. Kennedy warned (inaccurately) of a missile gap with the Soviets and pledged to revitalize American nuclear forces. He also criticized the Eisenhower administration for permitting the establishment of a pro-Soviet government in Cuba. John Kennedy was the first American president born in the 20th century and his entire political career had taken place in the context of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union. His inaugural address stressed the contest between the free world and the communist world and he pledged that the American people would "pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and success of liberty."

During the period between his election and inauguration, JFK was briefed on a plan drafted during the Eisenhower administration to train Cuban exiles for an invasion of their homeland. The plan anticipated that support from the Cuban people and perhaps even from elements of the Cuban military would lead to the overthrow of Castro and the establishment of a non-communist government friendly to the United States. Kennedy approved the operation and some 1,400 exiles landed at Cuba's Bay of Pigs on April 17. The entire force was either killed or captured. Kennedy took full responsibility for the failure of the operation.

In June 1961, Kennedy met with Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev in Vienna. Khrushchev threatened to sign a separate peace treaty with East Germany, effectively cutting off Allied access to Berlin. Kennedy was surprised by Khrushchev's combative tone. At one point, when the Soviet leader identified the Lenin Peace Medals he was wearing, Kennedy retorted "I hope you keep them." In August, in order to stop the flood of East Germans fleeing to West Germany, Khrushchev ordered the construction of the Berlin Wall, a massive structure of concrete blocks dividing the two parts of Berlin.

As a result of these threatening developments, Kennedy ordered substantial increases in American intercontinental ballistic missile forces. He also added five new army divisions and increased the nation's air power and military reserves. The Soviets meanwhile resumed nuclear testing and President Kennedy responded by reluctantly reactivating American tests in early 1962.

In May 1961, JFK authorized sending 500 Special Forces troops and military advisers, supplementing the 2,000 Americans already sent by the Eisenhower administration, to assist the pro-Western government of South Vietnam. In February, 1962, the president approved sending an additional 12,000 military advisers to support the South Vietnamese army. These forces arrived in the small southeast Asian nation by June.

In the summer of 1962, Khrushchev reached a secret agreement with representatives of the Castro regime in Cuba to supply nuclear missiles capable of protecting the island against another American-sponsored invasion. In mid-October, American spy planes photographed the missile sites while still under construction. Kennedy and his advisers agreed to place a naval blockade around Cuba while demanding the removal of the missiles and the destruction of the sites. Khrushchev, recognizing that the crisis could easily escalate into nuclear war, finally agreed to remove the missiles in return for an American pledge not to reinvade Cuba. The Soviet leader also decided to commit whatever resources were required for upgrading the Soviet nuclear strike force. His decision led to a major escalation of the nuclear arms race.

In June 1963, JFK spoke at the American University commencement in Washington, D.C. He urged Americans to critically reexamine Cold War stereotypes and myths and called for a strategy of peace which would make the world safe for diversity. In the final months of the Kennedy presidency Cold War tensions seemed to soften as the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was negotiated and signed. In addition, the "Hotline," a direct line of communication between Washington and Moscow, was established to help reduce the possibility of war by miscalculation.

Early in November, when the number of U.S. military advisers had reached 16,000, a military coup led to the overthrow of the American-supported government of South Vietnam. Seven weeks before the coup JFK had told an interviewer, "In the final analysis, it is their war. They are the ones who have to win it or lose it. We can help them, we can give them equipment, we can send our men out there as advisers, but they have to win it-the people of Vietnam against the Communists...But I don't agree with those who say we should withdraw. That would be a great mistake.... [The United States] made this effort to defend Europe. Now Europe is quite secure. We also have to participate--we may not like it--in the defense of Asia." In the final weeks of his life, JFK wrestled with the need to decide the future of the United States commitment in Vietnam.

英语国家概况期末考整理

Unit 1 UK 著名景点 Big Ben 大本钟2、Tower Bridge(crosses the River Thames; close to the Tower of London; symbol of London ) 3、Westminster Abbey ( Gothic church in the City of Westminster,London; Coronation and burial site for British monarchs.) 4、Red Double Decker Bus (mass transit) 英国基本知识 1、constituent parts ? England/ Scotland/ Northern Ireland/ Wales(国旗) 2、the national anthem(国歌)? God save the queen 3、The national Emblem? 4、National flower? Rose (Wars of the Roses - civil wars (1455-1485) between the royal house of Lancaster ( red rose) and the royal house of York (white rose).) 5、地理位置 6、Full name?The "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".（The British Isles不列颠岛; Great Britain; UK ; Commonwealth） 7、Three political divisions（行政区域）: England, Scotland, and Wales. 8、Commonwealth? A free association of sovereign states comprising Great Britain and a number of its former dependencies ; united as ?free and equal members‘. 9、Capital England(London); Scotland(Edinburgh); Wales(Cardiff); Northern Ireland(Belfast) 10、Backbone of England? Pennine 11、Ben Nevis? the highest mountain in UK. 1343m 12、North Ireland? National flower: Irish clover (三叶草)；Lough Neagh (the largest lake in UK) ; industrious; agricultural 13、Rivers and lakes?1. The Severn River(longest river; from the mountain of Wales to the Bristol Channel) 2. The Thames River (Main source of London‘s water supply;Second longest river in Britain; Costwold Hills--North Sea)3. The Clyde River (The most important river in Scotland)4. Lake District 5. Lough Neagh（The largest lake in Britain (396 square kilometers), Northern Ireland.） 14、The climate in Britain?pea souper 超级浓雾 Unit2 UK 1、the first settler? The Iberian(伊比利亚人) 2、Stonehenge(巨石阵)?was a place of healing center；The most important monument left by Iberian；There are about 80 stones, and each is five meters tall. 3、The Celtic language? the basis of both Welsh and Gaelic(盖尔语) (Irish,Scotish). 4、Hadrian ‘s Wall 5、7th century Heptarchy（七国联盟）?(Wessex; Sussex; Kent; Essex; East Anglia; Mercia; Northumbria) 6、Viking pirates(维京海盗) ? Vikings from Denmark；established some small kingdoms；Northern and eastern England 7、The Norman Conquest(1066)? The Normans that invaded England in 1066 came from Normandy in Northern France.

英语国家概况课程标准

英语国家概况课程标准 课程代码： 适用专业：商务英语 一、课程概述 1．课程性质 语言是文化的载体，文化是语言的基础。英语语言学习和英国国家文化相互依存、密不可分。一个优秀的英语语言学习者，若不了解该语言背后所承载的民族文化，其交际能力也会受到限制。该课程能使学生了解和掌握英美两国政治，历史，经济，社会，文化和教育等基本知识，了解英美国家社会发展、现状和影响这两个国家社会发展的因素，拓展学生的知识面，培养学生文化意识，启发学生了解西方社会，了解交际规则，增强学生的英语语言学习能力，为后续专业课程的学习打下一定的基础，进而为培养高技能应用型复合人才打下基础。 2．课程设计思路 本课程在设计上围绕合作学习法—任务型教学法、比较教学法、线索梳理法、启发式等教学法。 合作学习法—任务型教学法 合作学习法又称协作学习，是以合作学习小组为基本形式，系统利用教学中动态因素之间的互动，促进学生的学习，以团体成绩作为评价标准，共同完成教学活动。任务型教学法是一种以任务或活动为核心单位计划组织语言教学的途径,一种强调“在做中学”的语言教学方法。合作学习法与任务型教学法结合是指教师设计学习任务，指导并帮助学生以小组为单位通过合作、协商完成学习任务的教学过程。主要采用组织演示、演讲、讨论等形式。 2）比较教学法 比较教学法是在教学过程中，利用教学内容的相互联系和区别，促进学生掌握和巩固教学内容、达到教学目标的一种逻辑思维方法。例如，在学习美国的政体时，我们可以和英国政体、甚至是我国的政体进行比较，异中求同，同中求异。从而对“Parliament”、“Congress”和我国的NPC （The National People’s Congress）形成更深刻的理解。运用这种教学法不仅有利于学生掌握基本知识与技能，而且有利于提高学生的创造性思维能力。3）线索梳理法 线索梳理法，尤其是历史年代轴线表示法是表达历史线索最清晰的一种方式，这种方式的特点是易于梳理，可操作性强，非常直接，便于记忆。比如说，英国历史很长，如果不进行梳理，很难记忆，如果整理成一条线索，效果却不能同日而语： Early settlers——Roman invasions——Anglo-Saxons——the Viking and Danish Invasions——the Norman Conquest——William’s Rule——the Great Charter——the Hundred Year’s War——the English Reformation——the English Renaissance——the Civil War——the Glorious Revolution——the Industrial Revolution——the two World Wars 同样，美国历史部分可整理成这样一条线索： The war of Independence——the War of 1812——territorial expansion and Westward Movement——the Civil War——the two World Wars——the Cold War——the Berlin Blockade——the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s——the Vietnam War 二、课程培养目标 1．知识目标 了解主要英语国家的地理，历史，经济和政治等方面的概况；了解主要英语国家的文化传统，风俗习惯和社会生活的其他有关情况。 2．技能目标 扩大知识面，有效弥补英语专业学生知识面窄的不足；提高英语阅读的能力和语言应用能力。 3．素质目标

英语国家概况课后题总结和答案

Chapter 1 land and people are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain,England,the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth The British Isles,Greant Britina and England are geographical names, no the official names of the country,while the official name is the United Kingdom,but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern British Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britian. the geographical position of Britian Britain is an island country. It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of is separated from the rest of Europe by the English channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland The north and west of Britain are mainly highland, while the south and south-east are mostly lowlands. Britain have a favourable climate why Yes,it has a favourable climate, because it has a maritime type of climate---winters are mild,not too cold and summers are cool, not too has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole has a small range of temperature,too. are the factors which influence the climate in Britain Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest

英美概况期末考试名词解释整理

The industrial revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The industrial revolution A period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, production, and transportation had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain. The Industrial Revolution, was a period of unprecedented technological, economic and social change that completely transformed British culture from a largely rural, static society with limited production and division of labour into the world's first modern industrial society. the Black Death It was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labor was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences. The Black Death----It was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It is widely thought to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestisis and have started in Central Asia. It came without warning, and without any cue.The Black Death is estimated to have killed30% to 60% of Europe's population and had profound effects on the course of European history. In England, it killed almost half of the total population, causing far-reaching economic consequences. the Progressive Movement The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the economy and social conditions. It spread quickly with the support of large numbers of people across the country. It was not an organized campaign with clearly defined goals.(Rather, it was a number of diverse efforts at political, social, and economic reforms. In spite of limitations of the movement, it brought about changes and improvement in many fields.) Roman Britain was the part of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and about 410. Britannia already had cultural and economic links with Continental Europe, but the invaders introduced new developments in agriculture, urbanisation, industry and architecture, leaving a legacy that is still apparent today. The first Romans to campaign extensively in Britain were

英语国家概况(阅读)期末复习资料

英语国家概况（阅读） 1、Which of the following statements is NOT true? C.The Social Democratic and Labour Party is a very important political party in Britain 2、Which of the following statements is NOT correct? D.Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution. 3、To get a bachelor’s degree, an American undergraduate student is required to do the following except ____. C.taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophy 4、Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? B.The legislative. 5、Which one of the following is NOT particularly British Christmas tradition? C.Eating chocolate eggs on Easter Day. 6、Which of the following statements is NOT true about blacks after the 1960s? A.Blacks felt that they could be fully integrated into the mainstream of American life. 7、The New Deal was started by ___. A.Franklin Roosevelt. 8、Which of the following is NOT based on the fact? A.Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. 9、Three of the following are characteristics of London, Which of the four is the EXCEPTION? C.London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world 10、In order to go to university, secondary school students in the US must meet the following requirements except that ___. D.They pass the college entrance examinations 11、Which of the following statements is NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over, ___. D.the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined. 12、Which of the following about the tabloids is not true? A.They are big format newspapers. 13、In the 17th century,the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because ____. A.they wanted to increase its control over Ireland 14、The largest religion in the US is ___. B.Christianity 15、Which of the following is NOT a feature of the House of Lords? C.The lords are expected to represent the interests of the public.

The End of the Cold War-精选.doc

The End of the Cold War 2 3 For Oscar and Carla4 CONTENTSList of IllustrationsMapsPrefaceINTRODUCTIONPART ONE1. RONALD REAGAN2. PLANS FOR ARMAGEDDON3. THE REAGANAUTS4. THE AMERICAN CHALLENGE5. SYMPTOMS RECOGNIZED, CURES REJECTED6. CRACKS IN THE ICE: EASTERN EUROPE7. THE SOVIET QUARANTINE8. NATO AND ITS FRIENDS9. WORLD COMMUNISM AND THE PEACE MOVEMENT10. IN THE SOVIET WAITING ROOMPART TWO11. MIKHAIL GORBACHV12. THE MOSCOW REFORM TEAM13. ONE FOOT ON THE ACCELERATOR14. TO GENEVA15. PRESENTING THE SOVIET PACKAGE16. AMERICAN REJECTION17. THE STALLED INTERACTION18. THE STRATEGIC DEFENSE INITIATIVE19. THE LOST SUMMER5 20. SUMMIT IN REYKJAVIKINTERMEZZO21. THE MONTH OF MUFFLED DRUMSPART THREE22. THE SOVIET PACKAGE UNTIED23. THE BIG FOUR24. GETTING TO KNOW THE ENEMY25. STICKING POINTS26. GRINDING OUT THE TREATY27. CALLS TO WESTERN EUROPE28. EASTERN EUROPE: PERPLEXITY AND PROTEST29. THE LEAVING OF AFGHANISTAN30. SPOKES IN THE WHEEL31. REAGANS WINDOW OF DEPARTUREPART FOUR32. THE FIFTH MAN33. THE OTHER CONTINENT: ASIA34. EPITAPH FOR WORLD COMMUNISM35. REVOLUTION IN EASTERN EUROPE36. THE MALTA SUMMIT37. REDRAWING THE MAP OF EUROPE38. THE NEW GERMANY39. BALTIC TRIANGLE40. THE THIRD MAN BREAKS LOOSE41. A NEW WORLD ORDER?42. ENDINGSPOSTSCRIPT Select BibliographyNotesIndex6 7 List of Illustrations1. Ronald Reagan at his inauguration in January 1981 (By courtesy of the Ronald Reagan Library)2. Secretary of State George Shultz in 1985 (Photo by Diana Walker/Time amp; Life Pictures/GettyImages)3. General Secretary Yuri Andropov (Photo by ADN-Bildarchiv/ullstein bild via Getty Images).4. Konstantin Chernenko with Boris Ponomarv and Haile Mariam Mengistu in December 1984(AFP/Getty Images)5. General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachv (Photo by Sasha Stone/The LIFE Images Collection/GettyImages))6. Soviet Foreign Affairs Minister Eduard Shevardnadze (Photo by Kurita KAKU/Gamma-Raphovia Getty Images)7. East German communist leader Erich Honecker (Photo by Billhardt/ullstein bild via GettyImages)8. Polish communist leader Wojciech Jaruzelski

人教2019版高中历史必修中外历史纲要下第18课 冷战和国际格局的演变 教学设计

第18课冷战与国际格局的演变教学设计 一、教学目标 通过了解冷战时期的典型事件，认识冷战的基本特征，理解冷战的发生、发展与世界格局变化之间的相互影响。 二、教材教学内容分析。 本课教材与本单元其他课文相比，内容偏多，涵盖了冷战的背景、形成乃至结束。每一篇目下典型事件介绍翔实，同时拥有历史地图以及历史纵横等众多史料。 本课的教学容量巨大，既要把握整体框架的完整性，同时也要兼顾典型突出事件的史料研读。没有史料支撑又难以使学生对冷战的过程以及一些本质问题认识清楚。 三、本课重难点 本课重点：冷战与两极格局的形成、发展和瓦解的过程。 本课难点：冷战的特征，以及战后国际格局的发展与变化。 四、我对本课的思考 1首先我认为本课在客观上存在另外一大难点：即如何在一课时的时间内完成对整个冷战的讲解？ 2本课的框架应当如何体现出冷战在每一个过程中与国际关系的联系？ 3史料的选取问题。典型史料众多，应当如何选取？ 4对于非常紧凑的课程，学生活动应当如何体现？ 五、针对思考提出的教学思路设计及教学方法 1按照传统方式，将冷战的发生、发展、结束作为本课的三目标题。同时将发生与发展两目作为本课的重点内容讲解。（课时紧张，必须有取舍） 2细节与框架我打算用大量的结构图体现出具体事件与整体格局的关系。这样能够最为直观地体现出本课的难点。 3史料的选取，除了节点性质的事件史料，更多选取的是能够体现冷战“有控制的对抗”这一特征的史料。 4学生活动在大量的讲解下已经没有安排的空间，详见“本课反思”。 六、学情分析 本校高一学生。基础较弱，存在大量高中未选历史学科的情况。授课应更偏重基础 七、教学过程展示： 教学环节教学活动教学意图 导入通过第一次柏林危机的历史 照片通过简单介绍导入新 课。 利用这一历史上少见的一幕，引发出学生对本课的思 考 一、冷战与两极格局冷战的含义：紧紧把握“既通过对冷战的概念介绍，初

2011英语国家概况期末考

2011英语国家概况期末考 1 of 100 Whose speech is closest to BBC English? A Cockney Southerners in England northerners in England A Welsh 2 of 100 The two newest states which joined the United States are _____. Alaska and Hawaii California and New Mexico Alaska and Florida Hawaii and Oregon 3 of 100

Which of the following is NOT one of the general standards for admission into an institution of higher learning in the U. S. A.? ACTP GPA MBA SAT 4 of 100 Britain's longest rivers are _____. the Severn and the Thames the Thames and the Clyde the Clyde and the Humber the Severn and the Clyde 5 of 100 New Englanders were originally known as _______. Yankees German farmers

Fishermen from Scandinavia English Puritans 6 of 100 The Constitution of the United States provides that _____ shall be President of the Senate. the Chief Justice the Secretary of State the Vice President the President 7 of 100 Which of the following is NOT one of the clauses in Magna Carta? There should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. The principle of parliamentary supremacy should be confirmed and free speech in Parliament should be guaranteed.

英语专业国家概况期末复习总结

英语国家概况 名词解释 1. The civil rights movement (1955–1968) refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring suffrage in Southern states. 2. A federal system A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts with some rights reserved to each. 3. King Arthur It is said that he was the King of England in the 5th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magical sword, Excalibur. His real existence is in doubt. He is the central figure of many legends. 4. The Anglo-Saxons They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England. 5. Riverdance Riverdance is a very popular form of dancing based on I reland’s intricate folk dances which are rearranged and modernized and adapted onto current stage performance. Dancing is traditionally part of Irish culture. It is usually accompanied by the Irish pipe and fiddle. The music usually sounds fast and furious. Most of the action is from the waist down, with the arms held rigidly at the sides. 6. The House of Commons The House of Commons is the real centre of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives (Members of Parliament) make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of people who vote for them. 7. The Commonwealth It is a voluntary association of states which is made up of Britain and mostly of former British colonies. There are 54 members of the Commonwealth including one currently suspended member: many of these are developing countries like India and Cyprus; others are developed nations like Australia, Canada and New Zealand. The Commonwealth was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network. 8. Maoritanga Maoritanga means ―Maori culture‖. It refers to all the elements of the rich cultural heritage of the indigenous people in New Zealand, including their language, customs and traditions. 9. The “Washminster” form polity The ―Washminster‖form of polity is adopted by the Australian government. It is a mixture of the US Washington system of government and the British Westminster system. This means that the political

《英语国家概况》期末试卷A答案商务英语

湖州职业技术学院2012---2013学年第二学期 商务英语12级《英语国家概况》期末考查试卷（答案） 特别提示： 诚信是一个学生的良好品德，本次考试保证不以任何形式作弊，你如确认， 请在下面内□打“√”。□同意□不同意 (1)__The White House____ (2)____ Sydney Opera House_____ (3)__The Statue of Liberty_ (4)__bald eagle __ (5)___William Shakespear___ (6)___Stonehenge ___ Ⅱ. Decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F) (20%,2 points for each one) 1.In Britain, all children enjoy a nine-year compulsory education. ____F___ 2.In the USA, Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) is the entrance examination to college. ___T___ 3.Britain’s most famous universities are Oxford and Cambridge. ___T____ 4.The author of the Harry Potter books is an American. ___F____ 5. The great 19th-century novelist Sir Walter named this period as the Battle of Naseby, which lasted for about 30 years. ___F____ 6. By an Act of 1791 Upper Canada (French) and Lower Canada (British) were created. ___F____ 7. The federal system of the USA consists of three branches: parliament, president and the Supreme Court. ____F___ 8. The American president is elected every four years to a four-year term, and no more than two full terms are allowed. ____T____ 9. In the UK, Oxford is the oldest university in the high education system. ____T____ 10. New Zealand has a parliamentary system of government closely patterned on that of the United Kingdom and is a fully independent member of the Commonwealth. It has a written constitution. ____F___ Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks.(12%,1 point for each blank) 1.The full name of the UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain__and ___Northern Ireland__. 2.The US currency is __American dollar____. 3.The previous party in power of the USA is ______Democratic Party___. 4.The government of the UK is constitutional monarch, in which the Queen is regarded as __the Head of State_, and the __Prime Minister__is the head of government. 5.The biggest religion in the USA is ___Christianity__. 6.Known as the “__melting pot__”, the United States is another typical multi-racial country, with a population of 303 million, about 13.3% of which are African Americans, 12.5% Hispanics… 7.__Governor-General ___is officially the representative of Queen Elizabeth II, and acts only on the advice of the Canadian prime minister. 8.In Canada, the Bill, which need three times reading and discuss, is sent to the Senate and becomes the law. 9.In British high education, students always ask themselves “What do you think?” or “What do you know?” They respectively represent the educational idea of _Oxford_ and __Cambridge_.