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英语六级阅读理解指导-文档-(2)

仔细阅读答题技巧

1 、选择题型的篇章阅读理解

这部分是考生们最为熟悉的四选一的选择题，文章的长度，出题的思路，解题的技巧都秉承了传统，还是应该根据历年的真题，好好复习。从样题看，主要还是考察考生的两大能力，即抓住主题和定位原文。要求考生读完一篇文章之后，能够抓住文章的主题，然后根据题干中的中心词迅速返回原文定位到某一句话，最后根据同义改写的原则，选出正确答案。

传统阅读题，在体裁上包含了常所用的各种文体，如记叙文、说明文、议论文、人物传记、新闻报道等。考题类型一般有细节题、主旨题、词义辨析题和推论题。而各类题目大都有自己的惯用句式。这些句式可以帮助考生了解考点是什么，要使用什么方法找到答案。所以，熟悉一些惯用句式对我们是非常有益的。现将惯用句式列举如下：

1）细节题.

Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

All the following statements are mentioned in the passage except that_____________

According to the passage，who（when，where，what，why，etc.）……？2）主旨题

The major point discussed in the passage is____________

The best title for this passage would be________________

The passage tells us___________

The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to_______

3）词义推测题

The p hrase“……”most probably means__________

The phrase“……”in the context means___________

The word“……”in Line X refers to_____________

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence“……”？4）推论题

It can be inferred／indicated from the passage that___________

It can be concluded from the passage that___________________

What is the author’s attitude towards the……？

The example of……is given to illustrate that____________-

在了解完题型分类之后，我们就要弄清做题顺序。实际上，要做好传统阅读题，还是需要将查读、略读和细读结合在一起。具体答题步骤如下：

a.仔细阅读文章第一段和最后一段。这两段通常会概括文章的主旨，也就是文后主旨题的答案。，

b.回答主旨题。在看完两段话之后，可以先回答后面的主旨题。

c.查读文后细节题。根据文后题目，在文中找寻关键词。这些关键词有助于我们找到所需信息在文中的位置，完成细节题和词义推测题。

d.略读文章。抓住文章里的标志性语言，段首句和段尾句（同“略读解题方法”）等，完成推论题。

2、篇章选词题

这种题型，对于众多考生而言，既陌生又有一定的难度，具有较强的区分度。从样题看，篇章选词题在一篇长度为250-300个单词左右的文章当中去除了10个单词，后面提供15个单词选项，要求考生选择正确的单词填入文章。该部分测试重点在于把握文章的结构，主要考察考生对诸如连贯性、一致性、逻辑联系等语篇、语段整体特征的把握以及单词在实际语境中的理解，即要求考生在理解全文的基础上了解文章的宏观结构，理解掌握具体的单词。篇章词汇部分，与完型填空有些相似，都是从备选答案中选出一词填入短文中。但是，很大程度上不同于完型填空的是，篇章词汇题侧重对短文的整体把握，侧重句子层次上实词的运用（包括句子内、句子之间和段落层次间），而非单词层次上的理解（如词义、语法等细节上的区分）。要做好篇章词汇理解测试这类题型，要求考生对文章整体能够细致理解与快速把握，需要运用查读和略读的方法。略读是要抓住文章的中心思想，而查读则是重点关注选择项的词性。可以遵循以下步骤：

1）答题前：

a.略读全文，抓住文章的主题--重点关注每段段首句和段末句；

b.查读选择项，根据词性对选项进行分类。

如以下练习：

Nature has a perfect system for recycling water.Water is used again and again.It falls as rain.Then it goes to one of three places.It might seep___1__through the soil as it soaks through into the natural reservoirs

underground.It might____2___into the air by evaporating quickly.It might run off into streams to rivers and to the oceans.

There is a problem with this recycling system.It is a balance that can be easily upset by people.Nature’s__3__system can work well only if people work with the system-not against it.Some ways that people interfere with nature are___4___to understand.Dirty sewage water from homes and factories must not___5___with drinking water.People would get____6__from drinking dirty water.

There are other ways that people___7___ nature.Some of these ways are not SO easy to understand.For example，a marshy bog may not be good for everything，but it serves an important purpose.The soft，wet soil of a bog allows water to___8___the underground reservoirs.What happens to the balance of nature if the bog is filled in? Many housing development projects have been built where____9___once were.The____10___of the houses are likely to have problems.They are likely to water，to flood in rainy seasons.Huge storm sewers are built to carry away with the water from wet areas.These huge pipes prevent wet basements in the house of the community.

A）mix I）marshes

B）reach J）easy

C）disappear K）hinder

D）join L）basements

E）greatly M）benefit

F）slowly N）recycling

G）sick O）water

H）quality

根据词性分类，选项中有5个名词、6个动词、2个形容词和2个副词。5个名词是H）、I）、L）、N）、O）；6个动词是A）、B）、C）、D）、K）、M）；2个形容词是G）、J）；2个副词是E）、F）。其中N）为动名词

2）答题时：

a.分析填空处，选择合适的单词--根据空处的前后确定空处单词的词性、单复数及时态，

b.重读全文，注意上下文的连贯--将10处空填完后，再完整地把文章看一遍。

下面是对这部分的解答：

1.F.此空要求填副词。此句的意思是“水渗透进土壤就像是浸透进天然的地下水库”。选项中的副词“greatly'’表示“非常"、“很”，不符合原意，故选F项。

2.C.此空要求填动词。“通过快速的蒸发，水……在空中"。此空应表示“消失”的意思。故选C项。

3.N.此空要求填名词。根据上下文可知，本段的第一句也提到“recycling system"。故选N项。

4.J.此空要求填形容词。此空应该在略读全文之后，根据第三段的内

容做出选择。此空之后的两句话就证明了此句的观点：非常容易理解。第三段第二句话“Some of these ways are not so easy to understand”就是本空的依据。故选J项。

5.A.此空要求填后面接“with”的动词。从文中可知此旬话的意思是“家里和工厂排出的污水不能和引用水混合在一起”。故选A项。

6.G.根据上下文，可以知道，“如果人们喝了污水会生病"，在选项中只有“sick'’能表示此意。故选G项。

7.K.此空要求填动词。此空也必须根据第三段的大意做出选择。从第三段的例子可以知道，第三段主要是说人类破环水循环带来的后果。所以第三段的中心句，即第三段第一句所表示的意思应该是“人们还通过其他的方式破坏环境”。故选K项。

8. B .次空要求填动词。“沼泽里松软湿润的能够让水流进地下库”。选型中还有“reach”，“join”和“benefit”三个动词，只有“reach”符合文义。

9. I. 此空要求填复数形式的名词。根据上下文可知，“在曾经是沼泽地的地方，建了很多住房开发项目。”故选I项。

10.L.此空要求填名词。从第三段的大意可知，在原来是沼泽地的位置建房子，房子的底座就容易出问题。选项中只有“basements”符合文意。故选L项。

从题目选项的角度看，做题顺序无需与出题顺序一致。由于所有选项只能使用一次，而且改变形式，所以主要还是根据词性，同词性的空格可以放在一起考虑，结合上下文的逻辑关系，利用排除法不断缩小

范围。这样可以快速有效的完成此题。

3）、篇章选词题答题原则

（1）答题顺序.

篇章词汇题有别于快速阅读，完全可以按照不同的词性，将备选项分类到各个空处，缩小选择的范围，然后根据逻辑关系筛选单词。还要注意的是，一个词只能使用一次，所以已经选择过的选项，在填下一空时应不予考虑。

（2）分辨混淆项

这是篇章词汇题的考点和难点。由于备选项有15个，只有10个是我们需要的正确答案，因此多余的5个将是混淆项。这5个词很有可能与正确答案构成反义词、近义词、不同时态的词或者是单词的单复数形式。反义词主要考核我们对文章结构的理解、语境的把握（包括作者的态度等）；近义词主要看我们对词汇的具体掌握情况（包括搭配，是否能加不定式、接什么介词等）；不同时态的词则是考查对全文的整体掌握及对上下文逻辑关系的理解（根据样题，此题对考生不做选项改写要求，所以我们可以根据上下文时态对应的原则考虑，同时也给自己进一步缩小选择范围）。

（3）考虑词性

如果选项中出现代词，要注意指代成立的条件，该选项往往不能放在首句。如果选项为连词，要关注上下句内在的逻辑关系。常见的逻辑关系有：因果、并列平行、递进、对比、前后意思一致等。

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英语六级阅读理解训练 18. Australia1 An island country, a whole continent, Australia has a remarkably cohesive personality and onewhich, much to our surprise, is markedly foreign. It is no longer the infant colony, peopled byBritish convicts2 and pioneers, but a maturing, perhaps still somewhat adolescent individual,ruggedly steering a vital new course in life. Australia is a sprawl of rock and desert, fringed with lush valleys, snow fields, coralspectaculars, storm-stabbed cliffs and rolling beaches, a land rich in minerals, colors, curiousflora 3, 230 species of mammals4 , 700 of birds, 400 of reptiles, 70 of amphibia, 2, 200 of fishand 50 , 000 species of insects — and seemingly infinite space . Australia is becoming therichest country in the world, materially. Total area of the continent is about half as big as Europe, or 25 times the size of Britain andIreland. Population is bunched mainly in coastal cities, the biggest of which are capitals of thecountry’s states and the federal capital Canberra5 . Canberra is a model of a planned gardencity and is the seat of a major university. It is smallish in size , but big in importance. Sydney isthe largest city, and commercial capital of the country. Throughout the country, the basic accommodation unit is the motel, a flat prefabricated6sprawl of bedrooms. But prices are reasonable and, most important, the rooms are excellentand equipped usually with air-conditioning, a refrigerator and tea and coffee making facilities.Bath tubs are rare, as Australians prefer the convenience and hygiene of a shower. Porterageand other services are rare , as Australians don’t like doing a job which smacks of7 servility.After all, this is the land of equality and opportunity. 阅读自测 Ⅰ. Are the sesta tements True or False according to the article? 1. Australia is as big as Europe , or 25 times the size of Britain and Ireland. 2. Canberra is notonly the capital but also the biggest city of

大学英语六级阅读理解练习5篇

1 There was on shop in the town of Mufulira，which was notorious for its color bar. It was a drugstore. While Europeans were served at the counter，a long line of Africans queued at the window and often not only were kept waiting but，when their turn came to be served，were rudely treated by the shop assistants. One day I was determined to make a public protest against this kind of thing，and many of the schoolboys in my class followed me to the store and waited outside to see what would happen when I went in. I simply went into the shop and asked the manager politely for some medicine. As soon as he saw me standing in the place where only European customers were allowed to stand he shouted at me in a bastard language that is only used by an employed when speaking to his servants. I stood at the counter and politely requested in English that I should be served. The manager became exasperated and said to me in English，“If you stand there till Christmas I will never serve you.” I went to the District commissioner's office. Fortunately the District Commissioner was out，for he was one of the old school；however，I saw a young District Officer who was a friend of mine. He was very concerned to hear my story and told me that if ever I wanted anything more from the drugstore all I had to do was come to him personally and he would buy my medicine for me. I protested that that was not good enough. I asked him to accompany me back to the store and to make a protest to the manager. This he did，and I well remember him saying to the manager，“Here is Mr. Kaunda who is a responsible member of the Urban Advisory Council，and you treat him like a common servant.” The manager of the drugstore apologized and said，“If only he had introduced himself and explained who he was，then，of course I should have given him proper service.” I had to explain once again that he had missed my point. Why should I have to introduce myself every time I went into a store…any more than I should have to buy my medicine by going to a European friend？I want to prove that any man of any color，whatever his position，should have the right to go into any shop and buy what he wanted. 1.“Color bar” in the first paragraph comes closest in meaning to ___. A.a bar which is painted in different colors. B.the fact that white and black customers are served separately. C.a bar of chocolate having different colors. D.a counter where people of different colors are served with beer. 2.The writer was，at the time of the story，___. A.a black school teacher B.an African servant C.a black，but a friend of Europeans D.a rich black