2017-2019高考英语真题分类解析---非谓语动词

2017-2019高考英语真题分类解析---非谓语动词

一、2019年高考真题

1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】30.__________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.

A. To enjoy

B. Enjoying

C. To have enjoyed

D. Enjoy

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故选A。

2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】4.____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.

A. Learn

B. Learned

C. Learning

D. Having learned

【答案】C

【解析】考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以做主语。此处用动名词做主语，故选C。

3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】32.China's image is improving steadily, with more countries__________ its role in international affairs.

A. recognizing

B. being recognized

C. to be recognized

D. recognized

【答案】A

【解析】考查with复合结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用with + 名词+ 现在分词结构，故选A。

4.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】12.The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use mobile phones in his class.

A. should they

B. they should

C. dare they

D. they dare

【答案】A

【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account 决不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做should do,敢于做dare do，根据句意表示”应该“，故选A。

5.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem methods ___of__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area.

【答案】to perform

【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。

6.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human se ttlements,…

【答案】noting

【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。

7.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.

【答案】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly,

say

saying

that I had a talent for football.

【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。

8.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.

【答案】being

【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。

9.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene

___declared__(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.

【答案】to retire

【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。

10.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___a__ joke.

【答案】saying

【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。

11.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On our way to the house，it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn't help

wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there.

【答案】to retire

【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填to get。

12.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we _were invited__(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

【答案】listening

【解析】考查现在分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。

13.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,…【答案】cycling

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。

14.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform.

【答案】to wear

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这里是动词不定式作to的宾语。故填to wear。

15.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _myself_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.

【答案】facing

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。

二、2018年高考真题

1.【2018·北京】3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience

A. Travel

B. Traveling

C. Having traveled

D. Traveled

【答案】B

【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。

点睛：动名词是动词-ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。2.【2018·北京】6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.

A. share

B. to share

C. having shared

D. shared

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather

是谓语动词，“_________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故B选项正确。

点睛：动词不定式可以做主语，状语，定语，宾语，表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时，可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后，通常译为“为了”。

3.【2018·北京】10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.

A. used

B. to use

C. using

D. use

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_________ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use

之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A选项正确。

点睛：过去分词所表示的一个含义就是“被动”。

4.【2018·天津】12. I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t

help_______ it.

A. to eat；to try

B. eating；trying

C. eating；to try

D. to eat；trying

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do（打算做），couldn’t help doing忍不住做。故选D。

点睛：本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含义，本题需要区分“mean to do打算做”与“mean doing意味着做”和“can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做”与“couldn’t help doing忍不住做”之间的含义。

5.【2018·天津】7. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.

A. taking

B. taken

C. being taken

D. take

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。

点睛：本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词在句中所作的成分，找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，再分析二者之间的关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答

案。

6.【2018·江苏】26. Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.

A. having exceeded

B. to exceed

C. exceeded

D. exceeding

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。点睛：本题考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。

having exceeded强调时间先后，指的是此动作发生在谓语动词create的动作之前；to exceed表示将要超出；exceeded过去分词表示被动。分析句意可知，这里用现在分词作结果状语。

7.【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.

【答案】62. to see ；63.dying

【解析】62.考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。63.考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of 是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。

8.【2018·新课标I卷·短文改错】My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.

【答案】sell改为selling

【解析】考查动名词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词，故用selling。

9.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn

instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality.

【答案】to improve

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。

10.【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).

【答案】64.looking；65.challened

【解析】64.考查动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。

65.考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。

11.【2018·新课标III卷·短文改错】Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.

【答案】wait改为waiting

【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子成分分析，本句有谓语为was，而且没有连词，与主语是主动关系，所以wait 要用非谓语waiting，表伴随。

12.【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.

【答案】visiting

【解析】此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.，故填visiting。

三、2017年高考真题

1.【2017·天津卷】14. The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____ more patients to be treated.

A. being allowed

B. allowing

C. having allowed

D. allowed

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析：句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用doing即现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。

A. being allowed 表示被动且正在进行 C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生 D. allowed 表示被动且完成，故选B。

2.【2017·天津】10. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______.

A. catching

B. caught

C. to catch

D. to be caught

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析：句意：在整个会议期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要去赶火车。根据上文判断出as引导原因状语从句，Sb. have sth. to do 某人有某事要做（在本句中to do 由主语完成），根据句意判断选C。

考点：考查非谓语。

【名师点睛】本句考查的是have的符合结构：have+ 宾语+ 非谓语，既是重点又是难点。对于have的符合结构，非谓语用什么形式，首先确定have的词义，是“有”还是“让”，have（有）+ sth to do sth (由主语完成）；have（让）+ 宾语+ do / doing / done (用哪种形式需要具体分析），所以要正确理解句意和本结构的具体用法，灵活掌握才能把题作对。

3.【2017·江苏卷】21. Many Chinese brands, _______ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.

A. having developed

B. being developed

C. developed

D. developing

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析：考查非谓语动词。brands是逻辑主语，和develop是主谓关系，所以用现在分词，表示伴随状况；再根据“over centuries”可知，应该使用现在分词的完成式，故选A。句意：许多中国品牌，享誉数百年，现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。

【名师点睛】

现在分词作状语，表示主动和伴随状况；与逻辑主语是主谓关系，或叫主动关系，即现在分词表示的动作是逻辑主语发出的。现在分词的形式有一般式doing/being done，完成式having done/having been done。

当现在分词表示的动作和主句谓语表示的动作先后发生时，使用现在分词的完成式。

4.【2017·北京卷】27. Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______ their valuable time.

A. save

B. saving

C. to save

D. saved

【答案】C

试题分析：句意：许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间。此处是动词不定式表目的，故选C。

考点：考查非谓语动词。

5.【2017·北京卷】32. Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______ with his students.

A. to spend

B. spend

C. spending

D. spent

【答案】D

试题分析：句意：Jim已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。句子已经有了谓语，空格只能填非谓语动词，逻辑主语是time，和spend之间是被动关系，故用过去分词spent。

考点：考查非谓语动词。

You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.

2016年高考真题

1.【2016·北京】26. ________ it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.

A. Made

B. Make

C. Making

D. To make

【答案】D

考点：考查不定式作目的状语

2.【2016·北京】28. ______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.

A. Ordering

B. To order

C. Having ordered

D. Ordered

【答案】D【解析】

试题分析：题目考查过去分词作状语。句意：(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的，现在随时有可能送到。books 和order是动宾关系，即order the books/the books are ordered，故用过去分词表示被动和完成，在此相当于原因状语从句because they were ordered...，故选D。

3.【2016·北京】32. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ the old town into a dreamland.

A. turn

B. turning

C. to turn

D. turned

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析：题目考查现在分词表伴随状况。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁，使古镇变成了一个梦幻

之地。turn的逻辑主语是cottages，两者是主动关系，故用现在分词，表示主动和伴随，故选B。

4.【2016·江苏】28.In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message ________within the work.

A. to hide

B. hidden

C. hiding

D. being hidden

【答案】B

【解析】试题分析：考查分词作定语。相当于定语从句that is hidden within the work。A、C项表示主动含义，D项表示正在进行，与语境不符。故B项正确。

5.【2016·天津】4. The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, ____ air conditioning unnecessary.

A. making

B. to make

C. made

D. being made

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析：句意：冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来，使得没有必要开空调了。前面的事情造成后面的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。不定式也可以作结果状语，但是那是预料不到的结果。

故选A。

考点：考查非谓语动词。

【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题还有一个考点就是同样是结果状语从句，现在分词和不定式用法也不同，还要结合语境判断符合哪一个，来加以判断。学科=网6.【2016·浙江】10.To return to the problem of water pollution , I'd like you to look at a study _______ in Australia in 2012.

A. having conducted

B. to be conducted

C. conducting

D. conducted

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析：句意：为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。使用非谓语动词作定语，study和conduct是动宾关系，用过去分词作定语。B项也表示被动，但是不定式的被动，表示将要发生的事情。故选D。

考点：考查非谓语动词。

【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题考查非谓语动词作定语的用法，看carry out和修饰的study之间的关系可知用过去分词。

7.【2016·浙江】19. I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students.

A. working

B. work

C. to work

D. worked

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析：句意：我在海上航行和现在和学生一起一样快乐。使用非谓语动词作状语，I和work是主谓关系，用现在分词作时间状语。故选A。

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