英语精简

很多人有个误解，认为只要托福、GRE考好了就行了。其实不是这么回事。当你的飞机降落在美国那块土地上的时候，你有没有机会在美国生存、发展下去，关键是要看你有没有机会去

表达自己，和别人交流。如果你学的是哑巴英语，到了美国你将暗无天日。而我们目前的大学

英语的教育是有缺陷的。现存的各个大学的英语角就我个人认为，也是有问题的，虽然大家都

很有热情，往往谈到半夜12点。由于大家都是同胞，彼此能相互理解各自的中国英语，你点头，我也点头。但一碰到一个native american（地道的美国人）时，交流同样的东西，就听不懂对方在说什么了。其实我们学一种语言，最重要的就是利用这种语言的某些部分来进行交流。communication is our purpose（交流是目的），而不是语言本身。

我们的英语教育就是恨不得把语言的大海完全笼罩在自己的怀抱里。其实知识是无涯的。

我们往往把英语仅仅当作一门知识在学，从小学到大学，到最后，还是不会说英语。为什么我

们花了十几年、二十年的时间学了一大堆我们在实际生活中根本永不上的东西。我们究竟应该

用什么方法能使我们在最短的时间内掌握英语的交流呢？语言的交流与掌握大量的词汇、句型、语法是两回事。举两个例子：有一次，有一个中国学生陪一个美国人去长城，在长城上，老外

突然对哪个学生说：excuse me,may I go someway（请问洗手间在哪儿）.中国学生在学校里

英语的句法学得相当不错，听力也挺棒的，马上听明白了老外的话，心想，长城都来了，哪儿

不能去啊！于是说：yes ,you can go anyway（请随意）（笑声）。这一句话，差点把老外吓

晕了。其实在这个特定的语言环境中，老外的“someway”指的是厕所，而英语“娴熟”的中国学

生却让老外随地大小便（全场哄堂大笑）。另一个例子：在大学校园里，流行“五讲、四美、三热爱”，中国人把其翻译成：“five talks ,four beauty ,three lovers”.美国人一听迷惑了“fivetalks”

敢情是谈了五个，“four beauty”敢情是谈了五个，其中有四个是美人，那么“three lovers”一定

是爱上了四个美人中的三个（笑声不断）。

其实，就语言本身的知识来说，我们已经过关了，而且我们所学的英语知识全是标准的英语。我们缺少的就是在交流中来运用英语，只有在交流中我们才能与对方进行思维密码的相互

破译。同样的话在不同的语言交流环境中所表达的意思是不一样的。要想真正领悟对方的意思，必须与对方进行心与心的交流。作为一个中国学生，如果不根本改变自己的思维结构，从而迎

合美国人的思维结构和习惯，依然保持自己中国式的思维习惯，那么他学的英语就毫无价值。

那么我们该怎么办呢？我建议要把我们学习的目标收缩，把追求大而广的英语知识转化为追求

一种定量性的技巧，我认为有六种技巧，是美国人和美国人之间交流的关键性东西，如果我们

能掌握这六种技巧，就可以更好地理解美国人的思维，从而学好口语。

第一，如何用英文简单界定一个东西的技巧。

美国人和美国人交谈80％是想告诉对方what is a book 。我们中国人从小学到大学的课本尽管词汇难度不断加深，但思维逻辑结构却只停留在一个水平上。中国人常说Where is the book?

很少有人说What is a book?而美国的小学生就开始问：What is the book?这种Where is the

book?只是描述阶段，连哑巴也能做到。但是我想连大学生也很难回答What is a book?因为中国传统英语教学模式没有教会学生表达思想的技巧。

第二，如果已经学会界定，但理解还有偏差，那就要训练how to explain things in different ways.

一种表达方式对方不懂，美国人会寻找另一种表达方式最终让对方明白。因为事物就一个，但

表达它的语言符号可能会很多。比如水，世界上就这一个事物，但却有多种符号来表达它。如

果一个人懂8种语言，那他在世界上被别人理解的机会就会大得多。用汉语说"水"别人不懂，

用德语说别人也不懂，但用英语说water，别人可能就懂了。这就要多做替换练习。传统的教

学方法也做替换练习，但这种替换不是真替换，只是语言层面的替换，而不是思维层面的替换。比如，I love you,按中国的替换方法就把you换成her,my mother,them等，这种替换和小学生练描红没有什么区别。这种替换没有对智力构成挑战，没有启动思维。换到最后也不知道到底

在love 谁，现实生活中也不能这么随便love（笑声）。这种替换句子的基本结构没变，我听不懂I love you,肯定也听不懂I love her。如果替换为I want to kiss you.I want to hug you.I*ve a crush onyou.I will show my heart to you等，或者给对方讲电影《泰坦尼克》，告诉对方that

is love，这样一来对方可能就明白了。这才叫真正的替换。

也就是说用一种不同的方式表达同一个意思，或者对方听不清楚，举一个简单易懂的例子来表达，直到对方明白。

对，比如爱因斯坦讲相对论，他用科学术语讲，除了科学家之外是没人听得懂的，所以爱因斯

坦就用一个通俗的例子把相对论讲了出来。他说，什么叫相对论呢？两个lovers在一起，一小时相当于一分钟，而两个仇人呆在一起，一分钟相当于一小时，就这是相对论。他这样一讲，

我想没有人不会明白相对论的。

第三，我们必须学会美国人怎样描述东西。

从描述上来讲，由于中美的文化不同会产生很大的差异。我们描述东西无外乎把它放在时

间和空间两个坐标上去描述。但美国人对空间的描述总是由我及外，由里及表。而中国人

正好相反。美国人说"我向雪山走去"，中国人就会说"我从雪山走来"。时间上来说，中国人是按自然的时间顺序来描述。我们描述一个东西突然停住时，住往最后说的那个地方是最

重要的。我们听评书常说，欲知后事好何，请听下回分解，中国人很认可这种压轴戏、抖

包袱式的方式，而美国人听到这里可能会把收音机砸了：我听的就是whathappened,但发

生了什么我不知道，还要让我下回再听（笑声），岂有此理！因为美国人在时间上描述时

先把最重要的东西说出来，然后再说陪衬的东西。只有发生悲剧性的事件，美国人才在前

面加上铺垫。这就是中国人和美国人在时间描述上的巨大差别。

第四，要学会使用重要的美国习语。

因为任何语言除了标准化的东西以外，不容易学、易造成理解困惑的东西就是"习语"。比如北

京人说“盖了帽了”，老外永远也理解不了，这就是习语。所以和美国人交流时，能适当地运用

美国习语，他马上就会觉得很亲切，也很爱和你交流。那么什么是习语，我认为就是每个单词

你都认识，但把它们组合在一起，你就不知道是什么意思了。

第五，学会两种语言的传译能力。

这是衡量口语水平的一个最重要标准。因为英语不是我们的母语，我们天生就有自己的母语。

很多人都想学好外语必须丢掉自己的母语，这是不对的。因为我就是一个例子，我不仅汉语没

有说得越来越糟，而且英语也没有说得越来越糟。

第六，要有猜测能力。

为什么美国人和美国人、中国人和中国人之间交流很少产生岐义？就是因为他们之间能"猜测"。我们的教学不提倡"猜测"。但我觉得猜测对学好美国口语很重要。在交流中，有一个词你没有

听懂，你不可能马上去查字典，这时候就需要猜测来架起一座桥梁来弥补这个缺口，否则交流

就会中断。

中国人学习口语讲究背诵，背句型、背语调，这样导致的结果就是很多人讲口语的时候讲着讲

着眼就开始向上翻（笑声），实际上是在记忆中寻找曾经背过的东西。如果他要是能猜测的话，我想也就不会出现这种现象。

以上就是我所说的学会用美国人思维的六个技巧。中国学生如果能做到这六点，用很短的时间

肯定能学好口语。

再说说英语语音的问题吧。我们中国人不需要钻牛角尖，一定追求发音象一个native(本地人)，只要我们的发音不至于让对方产生误解，其实就可以了。我们在平时，不需要迷信什么科学方法，只需要记住一点：模仿。但一定要模仿标准的英语或美语。在模仿的基础上，每天，我们

每天保持1个小时的自我口语练习，这个练习必须假想一个双向交流的场合，即仿佛有人与你

交流一样。

最后，讲讲英语的用气问题。我们在发音时，尽量气运丹田，而避免用肺发音，这样的结果将

使得你的英语发音洪亮圆润。

英语语法专业术语 语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable no 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concrete noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses

动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interrogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possessive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite 物主代词possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possessive 形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral 形式form 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词non-finite verb form

, 高中英语课文经典句子背诵 Ten sentences a day, keep your worries away 同学们,还犹豫什么呢?赶快行动吧! in English every day ,it will become more 1.I hate hiking and I’m not into classical and more important to have a good music. knowledge of English. 2.I surf the Internet all the time and I like 17.For a long time the language in America playing computer games. stayed the same, while the language in 3.Rock music is OK, and so is skiing. England changed. 4.Chuck is a businessman who is always 18.In the same way Americans still use the so busy that he has little time for his expression ―I guess ―(meaning ―I friends. think‖),just as the British did 300 years 5.One day Chuck is on a flight across the ago. Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane 19.At the same time, British English and crashes. American English started borrowing 6.He realizes that he hasn’t been a very words from other languages ,ending up good friend because he has always with different words. been thinking about himself. 20.Except for these differences in spelling, 7.Chuck learns that we need friends to written English is more or less the same share happiness and sorrow, and that it in both British and American English. is important to have someone to care

牛津高中英语课文翻译 牛津高中英语模块1课文翻译 Unit 1 School life in the UK 英国校园生活 Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3:30 p.m. This means I could get up an hour later than usual, as school in China begin before 8 a.m. 在英国上了一年的中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。我很满意英国的上学时间，因为那里是大约9点开始上学，下午3：30放学，这意味着我可以比平常晚起床一个小时，因为在中国8点之前就开始上课了。 On the first day, all of the new students attended an assembly in the school hall. I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana. We soon became best friends. During the assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the school. He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades. This sounded like my school in China. 在第一天，所有新生在学校礼堂集合，我坐在一个叫做戴安娜的女孩旁边，我们很快就成为了好朋友。在集合期间，校长告诉我们关于学校的规章制度，他还告诉我们，在学校要想赢得别人的尊重，最好的方法就是努力学习，取得高分，这一点听起来跟中国的学校差不多。 I had many teachers in the past year. Mr Heywood, my class teacher, was very helpful. My favourite teacher was Miss Burke – I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature. In our class there were 28 students. This is about the average size for British schools. We had to move to different classrooms for different classes. We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names. 在过去的一年里，我有很多的老师，黑伍德先生，也就是我的班主任，对我很有帮助；我最喜欢的老师是伯尔克小姐，我喜欢她教的英国文学课。在我们班有28个同学，这差不多是英国学校的平均班额。我们在不同的教室上不同的课，上某些课的时候，班上的同学也不一样，所以对我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字是一件难事。 I found that the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school. However, it was a bit challenging for me at first, because all the homework was in English. I felt lucky, as all my teachers gave me much encouragement and I enjoyed all my subjects: English, History, English Literature, Computer Science, Maths, Science, PE, Art, Cooking and French. 我发现这里布置的家庭作业不像我以前在原来学校时那么繁重，可是一开始我还是觉得有点挑战性，因为所有的作业都是英文的。让我感到幸运的是，所有老师都给了我极大的鼓励，也喜欢所学的科目：英语、历史、英国文学，计算机，数学、科学、体育、艺术、烹饪和法语。 My English improved a lot, as I used English every day and spent an hour each day reading English books in the library. I usually went to the Computer Club during the lunch break, so I could send e-mails to my family and friends back home for free. I also had an extra French class on Tuesday evenings. Cooking was really fun as I learnt how to buy, prepare and cook food. At the end of term we held a class party and we all had to cook something. I was glad that all my classmates were fond of the cake that I made. 我的英语提高了很多，因为我每天都使用英语而且我每天花一小时在图书馆看英语书，我经常在中午休息的时候去计算机俱乐部，这样我就可以免费给国内你的家人和朋友发邮件了。我还在每周二的晚上有一节法语课，烹饪课也很有趣，因为我可以学到如何购买、准备和烹饪食物，在学期末，我们有举行班级聚会，我们都需要做一些食物，让我很高兴的是我同学都很喜欢我做的蛋糕。

常用英语语法术语表 语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structrural word 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concret moun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possesive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun 物主代词possecive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun 形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral 形式form 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词non-finite verb form 原形base form 从句clause 从属句subordinate clause 并列句coordinate clause 名词从句nominal clause 定语从句attributive clause

Life Is Struggle Everything in the world is in constant struggle. Struggle is in a sense of the competition in natural selection among organisms. Animals and plants struggle for their existence. Nature provides them with weapons for that struggle. Lions have claws; fish have scales; roses have thorns. They use these weapons for the unavoidable war of existence. Nature also orders us to struggle; when we obey the nature, we win our existence. The result of struggle is the evolution of a better society. In order to surpass the others, one has to devote himself to what he does. If every individual does so, the society will make progress. Struggle is inevitable. But we should struggle with sportsmanship, not to stand in the way of others in order to achieve our own success. It is only by struggling in such a way, mankind will see a world getting more glorious day by day. 要奋斗人生 世界上的事物是在不断的斗争。斗争是在自然选择中的生物体之间的竞争意识。 动物和植物的生存斗争。大自然赋予了这一斗争武器。狮子有爪，鱼有鳞，玫瑰有刺。他们使用了这些武器的存在不可避免的战争。大自然也迫使我们去奋斗，当我们服从的性质，我们赢了我们的生存。斗争的结果是一个更好的社会变迁。为了超过别人，要立志报国，他做些什么。如果每个人都这样做，社会就会进步。 斗争是不可避免的。但是，我们应该努力，赛，而不是在别人的阻碍，以实现我们自己的成功。只有通过这样的方式挣扎，人类将看到一个世界日趋更加辉煌的一天。

牛津高中英语模块1-5课文及译文（精校版） M1U1 SCHOOL life in the UK Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m. This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a.m. On the first day, all of the new students attended an assembly in the school hall. I sat next to a girl whose name is Diane. We soon became best friends.During the assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the school. He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote oneself to study and achieve high grades. This sounded like my school in China. I had many teachers in the past year. Mr.Heywood , my class teacher, was very helpful. My favorite teacher was Miss Burke—I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature. In our class there were 28 students. This is about the average size for British schools. We had to move to different classrooms for different classes. We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names. I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bit challenging for me at first because all the homework was in English. I felt lucky as all my teachers gave me much encouragement and I enjoyed all my subjects: English, History, English Literature, Computer Science, Maths, Science, PE, Art, Cooking and French. My English improved a lot as I used English every day and spent an hour each day reading English books in the library.I usually went to the Computer Club during the lunch break, so I could send e-mails to my family and friends back home for free. I also had an extra French class on Tuesday evenings. Cooking was really fun as I learned how to buy, prepare and cook food. At the end of term we held a class party and we all had to cook something. I was glad that all my classmates were fond of the cake that I made. Students at that school have to study Maths, English and Scienc e, but can stop studying some subjects if they don’t like them, for example, History and French. They can choose other subjects like Art and Computer Science or Languages such as Spanish and German. In the Art class that I took, I made a small sculpture. T hough it didn’t look very beautiful when it was finished, I still liked it very much. I missed Chinese food a lot at lunch. British food is very different. British people like eating dessert at the end of their main meal. After lunch, we usually played on the school field. Sometimes I played football with the boys. Sometimes I just relaxed under a tree or sat on the grass. I was very lucky to experience this different way of life. I look back on my time in the UK with satisfaction, and I really hope to go back and study in Manchester again. 在英国的学校生活 在英国上了一年的中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。我很喜欢英国中学的 作息时间，因为学校每天上午大约9点上课，下午大约3点半放学。这意味着我每天可以比以往 晚一个小时起床，因为在中国学校每天上午8点之前就开始上课了。 开学第一天，所有的新生都去学校礼堂参加晨会。我当时坐在一个名叫黛安娜的女孩身边： 我们很快就成了最要好的朋友。在晨会上，校长向我们宣布了校规。他还告诉我们，赢得尊重 的最佳途径就是专心学习并取得好成绩。这听起来倒是像我在国内就读的学校。 过去的一年里我有过许多老师。海伍德先生，我的班主任，对我的帮助很大。我最喜欢的 老师是伯克小姐——我喜爱她教的英国文学课程。我们班上一一共有28个学生。英国中学的班级 差不多就是这么大。我们上不同的课得去不同的教室。上某些课的时候，班上的同学也不一样， 所以对我来说记住所有的人的面孔和名字可是一件难事。 我发现这里布置的家庭作业不像我以前在原来学校时那么繁重，可一开始我还是觉得有些

大学英语B级词汇表 A a (an) art.一 A.D. adj.公元 abandon vt.放弃,遗弃 about adv.附近,大约 prep.在附近,关于above adj.上面的,上述的 prep.在…上方 adv.在上面 abroad adv.往国外,海外absence n.不在,缺席absolute adj.完全的,绝对的absorb vt.吸收,吸引abuse n.滥用,虐待,辱骂 v.滥用,虐待,辱骂academic adj.学院的,理论的accept vt.接受,认可 vi.同意,承认acceptable adj.可接受的,合意的 acceptance n.接受,赞同access n.通路,入门 vt.接近 accident n.意外事件,事故accommodation n.住处,膳宿accompany vt.陪伴,伴奏according adv.依照 account n.计算,帐目,说明 v.说明,认为accountant n.会计,会计师accurate adj.正确的,精确的accuse vt.控告,谴责 ache n.疼痛 vi.觉得疼痛achieve vt.完成,达到achievement n.成就,功绩 acid n.酸 adj.酸的,讽刺的 acknowledge vt.承认,答谢 acquire vt.获得,学到 across adv.交叉地,在对面 prep.越过,交叉 act n.法案,(戏剧的)幕 v.行动,表演 action n.动作,行动 active adj.积极的 activity n.活动,行为 actor n.男演员,行动者 actress n.女演员 actual adj.实际的,真实的 actually adv.实际上,事实上 adapt vt.使适应,改编 add v.增加,做加法 addition n.增加,加法 address n.地址, 致辞 vt.向…致辞,演说 administration n.管理,行政部门 adjust vt.调整,调节 admire v.赞美,钦佩,羡慕 admission n.允许进入,供认 admit v.容许,承认 adopt vt.采用,收养 adult n.成人 advance n.前进,提前 v.前进,提前 advanced adj.高级的,先进的 advantage n.优势,有利条件 advertise v.做广告,登广告 advertisement n.广告 advertising adj.广告的 advice n.忠告,建议 advise vt.劝告,建议 adviser n.顾问 affair n.事件 affect vt.影响,感动 afford vt.给予,供应得起, afraid adj.害怕,担心 Africa n.非洲 African n.非洲人 adj.非洲的 after prep./conj.在…之后 afternoon n.午后,下午 afterwards adv.然后,后来地 again adv.又,再次, against prep.相反,反对 age n.年龄,时代 v.变老,上年纪 aged adj.年老的 agency n.代理处,中介 agenda n.pl.议程 agent n.代理(商) aggressive adj.有闯劲的,侵略 性的 ago adv.以前的,以往的 agree v.同意,一致,适合 agreement n.同意,一致,协议 agriculture n.农业,农艺 ahead adj./adv.在前,向前 aid n.帮助,援助 vt.援助,帮助 Aids abbr.爱滋病 aim n.目标,瞄准 v.瞄准,打算 air n.空气,空中 vt.晾干,使通风, aircraft n.航行器 airline n.定期航线 airport n.机场 alarm n.警报,惊慌 vt.恐吓,警告 album n.集邮本,照相簿 alcohol n.酒精,酒 alcoholic adj.含酒精的 alike adj.相同的,相似的 alive adj.活着的,活泼的 all pron.全部 adj./adv.全部的(地) allow vt.允许, 承认 allowance n.津贴,允许 ally n.同盟国,支持者 v.结盟 almost adv.几乎,差不多 alone adj./adv.单独的(地) along prep.顺着,沿着 already adv.已经 also adv.也,同样 alter v.改变 alternative n.可供选择的办法 adj.选择性的 although conj.虽然, 尽管 altogether adv.完全地, 总而言之 always adv.总是,永远 am v./aux.是,在 amaze vt.使吃惊 amazing adj.令人惊异的 ambition n.野心,雄心 ambulance n.救护车 America n.美国 American n.美国人 adj.美国的,美洲的 among prep.在…之中 amount n.数量 vi.(to) 总计,等于 analyse vt.分析,分解 ancient adj.远古的 and conj.和,并 anger n.愤怒 angle n.[数]角,角落 vi.钓鱼,追逐 angry adj.生气的,愤怒的 animal n.动物 anniversary n.周年纪念 announce vt.宣布,通告 announcement n.宣告,通告 annoy vt.使苦恼,骚扰 annoying adj.恼人的,讨厌的 annual adj.每年的 n.一年生植物,年刊 another adj.另外的,又一 answer n.答案,回答 v.回答,答复说 anxious adj.担忧的,渴望的 any adj.任何的,所有的 pron.无论那一个,任 何 anybody pron.任何人 anyone pron.任何一个 anything pron.任何事 anyway adv.无论如何,总之 anywhere adv.无论何处 apart adv.分离,分别地 adj.分开的 apartment n.公寓住宅,房间 apologise vi.道歉 apparent adj.显然的 appeal n.请求,呼吁,吸引力 v.吸引要求 appear vi.出现,看来 appearance n.出现,外貌 appetite n.胃口,欲望 apple n.苹果 application n.申请,应用 apply v.申请,应用 appoint vt.约定,任命 appointment n.约会,指定

[2] 英语语法术语汇总（中英对照） 英语语法术语（中英对照） 语法 grammar 句法 syntax 词法 morphology 句子 sentence 从句 clause 词组 phrase 词类 part of speech 单词 word 实词 notional word 虚词 structural word 单纯词simple word 派生词derivative 复合词compound 词性 part of speech 名词 noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词count able noun 不可数名词 uncount able noun 抽象名词 abst ract noun

具体名词concret noun 物质名词 mat erial noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词 preposition 连词 conjunction 动词 verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词 modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinit e verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses 动态动词 event verb 静态动词st ate verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective

必修一 Unit 1 Friendship 1.【原句】I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事情都无比狂热。 [模仿要点] 句子结构：wonder ＋if 表语从句＋so …that从句 【模仿1】我不知道是否因为我的卤莽使得史密夫先生对我这么生气。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿2】他在想是否因为她的朋友对她很关心所以她的心情才平复下来。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 2．【原句】I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. (定语从句) 我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空，鸟儿的歌唱，月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。 [模仿要点] 句子结构：It is/was a time when …There is /was a time when…This/That is/was a time when… 【模仿1】我还记得这对他来说是一个艰难的时期，他遭受到了身心的打击。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿2】在中国历史上,曾经有过一段时期中国鼓励与世界其他国家进行贸易。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：In Chinese history, there was a time when China encouraged trade with the rest of the world. 3. 【原句】It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face. 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。 [模仿要点] 句子结构：It is/was the first (second…) time that sb + 现在完成时/过去完成时：这是某人第几次做某事 【模仿1】这是我们第一次面对面地谈论到这件事情。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿2】这是他第二次参与怎样解决这个问题的讨论。 _______________________________________________________________________________ Unit 2 English around the world 1.【原句】With your partner, list the countries that use English as an official language.和你的同学一起列出把英语作为官方语言的国家。 【模仿1】请用这些词，造一个句子来描述你心中的想法。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿2】他用了各种色彩，画一幅画显示了他家乡的变化。

Home alone Act one Mom and Dad arrive back from vacation a day earlier than expected. The curtains are closed and the living room is dark when Mom and Dad enter. Dad: It’s so nice to be home! Mom: Yes, I can’t wait to surprise the boys! Suddenly a door opens and a soccer ball flies through the room. Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog, walking very slowly. Eric: Mom! Dad! You’re back early! (looking around room, sounding frightened) But, but--- you weren’t supposed to come home until tomorrow! The dog slowly walks to Mom and Dad. Mom: (Bending to touch dog) Eric, he’s so tired and hungry! (looking at table) The money for dog food is gone, but Spot looks like he is starving! What did you do with the cash we left? Dad: And look at this room— garbage all over the place! Where is your brother? (shouting angrily) Daniel! Daniel: (running into room) Mom, Dad, I can explain--- Dad opens the curtains and light comes into the room. The room is in a mess, with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink. In the corner, there is a garbage can around which are pieces of garbage and waste paper. Mom and Dad both turn towards Daniel. Dad: (sounding very angry) listen to me, young man----we left you in charge? We thought you could act like an adult! I don’t know the reason why the house is so dirty--- Mom: Daniel, we thought you were an adult, a person from whom we could expect good decisions. Dad: How can we trust you any more? We won’t tolerate such behavior in our house! Daniel: ( shouting) Stop shou ting at me. I’m still a teenager! Why is everything always my fault? Daniel runs into his bedroom and slams the door. Mom and Dad look at each other as lights go out. Act two, scene one Daniel and Eric’s bedroom. Eric sits on his bed. Daniel has his arms c rossed and looks upset. Daniel: They never even gave me a chance to explain. I hate them! Eric: You don’t hate them. I can tell them we had an emergency. Then they won’t be mad anymore. Daniel: No, don’t tell them anything. Anyhow they didn’t trust me. They don’t deserve an explanation. Let them think what they want. Eric: But Daniel, if they knew that Spot was sick and we used the money to take him to the clinic--- Daniel: And that we spent all of yesterday waiting there for him and that is why we had no time to clean the house --- but no, Eric, why didn’t they ask me what happened instead of shouting at me? Act two, scene two Mom: Do you think we were too hard on Daniel? Perhaps there is a reason why the house is a mess… Dad: Maybe, but now that he has been so rude to us, I feel like we have to punish him or he