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2020年自考《有效教学的理论与方法》习题及答案(卷一)

2020年自考《有效教学的理论与方法》习题及答案(卷一)
2020年自考《有效教学的理论与方法》习题及答案(卷一)

2020年自考《有效教学的理论与方法》习题及答案(卷一)

作业题

一、问答题:

1.请举例说明有效的教学方法可以激发学生的兴趣和动机。

2.为什么说教学目标是选择和运用教学方法时必须考虑的因素?

3.简述有效地选择教学方法时应考虑的因素。

4.阐述什么样的提问是有效的提问。并举例加以分析。

5.结合自身教学经历谈一谈,要能有效地选择和运用教学方法,教师应具备怎样的条件?

二、论述题

结合自己的教学,设计一个探究教学的课例。

答案:

一、简答题

1.请举例说明有效的教学方法可以激发学生的兴趣和动机。

( 1 )有效的教学方法能够以学生喜闻乐见的方式激发学生的学习兴趣和动机,是架通学生和知识之间的桥梁,是教师激发学生学习积极性的重要途径。尽管人天生有好奇心,有对未知事物进行探索的兴趣,但是,我们依然不能否认,许多学生对学习的兴趣和动机往往不是天生的,而且许多知识的学习过程往往是枯燥、甚至是乏味的,学生对学习的兴趣需要教师有意识地运用合适的教学方法进行激发,特别是低年龄段的学生,对学习没有自主要求,更需要运用有效的教学方法来激发其对学习和知识的兴趣。

( 2 )有效的教学方法可以在一定程度上降低知识的难度,让多数学生体验学习成功的快乐,借此可以激发学生进一步学习的兴趣和动机。

( 3 )有效的教学方法是以学生的现有基础为起点的,能使教学处于学生的最近发展区,最易激发学生探究新知的兴趣和动机。

例举自己在教学中有效运用教学方法激发学生学习兴趣和动机的实例。

2.为什么说教学目标是选择和运用教学方法时必须考虑的因素?

教学方法是教师完成教学任务、达成教学目标的办法和手段。目标是方法的灵魂,目标统领方法。教学目标不同,选择的教学方法就不同。如果教学的目标是掌握以言语信息为特征的知识,则宜选用讲授法;如果教学目标是形成技能,则宜选用练习法;如果教学目标是学会方法,则宜选用探究法;如果教学目标是培养学生的态度和情感,则宜选用欣赏法和探究法,等等。如罗杰斯的人本主义的“非指导性教学”在斯金纳看来是取消教育;而斯金纳的行为主义的“程序教学”在罗杰斯看来根本是违反人性的。离开教学目标,孤立地谈教学方法是没有意义的。

3.简述有效地选择教学方法时应考虑的因素。

一般来说,有效地选择教学方法,应考虑如下因素:

教学目标、内容、组织形式、学生起点、教师个性特点、教学方法本身的特点、教学成本、教学规律和原则等。

4.阐述什么样的提问是有效的提问。并举例加以分析。

“有效提问”意味着教师所提出的问题能够引起学生的回应,且这种回应能让学生更积极地思维并参与学习过程。

有效问题的条件是:①问题具有一定的开放性。开放性的问题是一种丰富的资源,能使教学更为新鲜有趣。在课堂教学中,往往是“封闭的问题”使得讨论枯燥乏味,使课堂失去活力和深度;②问题要有一定的难度。有效提问是“能够激起学生兴趣和好奇、聚焦学生注意力、激发学生提问、促使学生反思、提升学生理解力和思维水平的问题”。防止毫无意义的“满堂问”。

5.结合自身教学经历谈一谈,要能有效地选择和运用教学方法,教师应具备怎样的条件?

一般来说,教师要有效地选择和运用教学方法,必须具备如下条件:

( 1 )具有教学思维;( 2 )贯通教学内容;( 3 )熟悉各种教学方法;( 4 )透彻理解教学理论;( 5 )不断进行教学方法研究;( 6 )追求崇高的教育境界。

二、论述题

结合自己的教学,设计一个探究教学的课例。

答案要点:要体现探究教学的五个环节:①确定和阐述问题;②形成假设;③收集数据;④分析数据、验证假设;⑤得出结论。

测试题

一、填空题

1.探讨有效教学方法的主要目的是:________ 。

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