历年自考英语翻译真题及答案
全国2004年4月高等教育自学考试
英语翻译试题
课程代码：00087
Ⅰ. Multiple Choice Questions (30 points, 2 points for each)
A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.
1. Almost all the TV viewers were deeply impressed by Titanic’s huge mass and her ruined splendor of a lost age.
A. 泰坦尼克号的庞大以及她那昔日辉煌的残毁，给几乎所有的电视观众都留下了十分深刻的印象。
B. 泰坦尼克号船体庞大，虽已损毁，昔日丰采犹存，给几乎所有的电视观众都留下了深刻的印象。
C. 泰坦尼克号无比庞大，往日荣光业已荡然无存，给几乎所有的电视观众都留下了深刻的印象。
D. 泰坦尼克号的庞大船体以及她那失去的昔日光辉，给几乎所有的电视观众都留下了深刻的印象。
2. A truly extraordinary variety of alternatives to the chemical control of insects is available.
A. 使用化学方法控制昆虫除外，其它有效方法也可使用。
B. 除了不用化学方法控制昆虫外，应该还有其它方法可以使用。
C. 除了使用化学方法控制昆虫以外，还有其它各种奇妙的方法可以使用。
D. 控制昆虫的方法很多，使用化学方法只不过是其中之一也可使用。
3. We talked of our plans to wed and start a family, once we were settled in Los Angeles, and we listened to the rain.
A. 我们打算一旦在洛杉矶站住脚，就结婚，开始新的生活。我们议论着，外头还下着雨。
B. 一旦在洛杉矶落住脚，我们就打算结婚，开始新的生活。我们议论着，还听着外头的雨声。
C. 我们打算一旦在洛杉矶站住脚，就结婚，组织家庭。我们一面议论，一面听着外头的雨声。
D. 一旦在洛杉矶落住脚，我们就打算结婚，建立家庭。我们一面议论着，而且一面听着外头的雨声。
4. I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I supposed to my mother.
A. 我感到有人走近，于是伸出了手，以为是把手伸向母亲。
B. 我感到有人走近，我就伸出了手，因为我在等我的母亲。
C. 我感到有人向我走来，我想那是我母亲，她把手伸向我。
D. 我感到有人向我走来，我想那是我母亲，她伸手搂抱我。
5. Brindley worked, for example, to improve the grinding of flints, which were used in the rising pottery industry.
A. 为了改进例如燧石的研磨过程，布林德雷努力工作着，燧石是新兴陶瓷工业的常用材料。
B. 例如，布林德雷努力改进新兴陶瓷工业常用材料的研磨过程——燧石。
C. 例如，布林德雷努力改进燧石的研磨过程，燧石是新兴陶瓷工业使用的材料。
D. 布林德雷努力改进例如燧石的研磨过程，燧石是新兴陶瓷工业使用的材料。
6. 他耷拉着脑袋坐在床边上。
A. He sat on the edge of the bed, his head lowered.
B. He was sitting on the edge of the bed, his head lowering.
C. He sat on the edge of the bed, with his head being lowered.
D. He was sitting on the edge of the bed, with his head lowering.
7. 评剧院里很多女演员学会了打毛衣，大都是我教她们的。
A. Many actresses in the Pingju Theatre learned to knit, in most cases I taught them.
B. Many other actresses in the pingju Theatre learned to knit as well, mostly from me.
C. Many actress in the pingju Theatre learned to knit, mostly from me.
D. Many other actress in the Pingju Theatre learned to knit as well, and in most cases I taught them.
8. 你明明写了那么多的作品，怎么说不是文学家呢？
A. You’ve written so many books, how can you say you’re not man of letter?
B. You’ve written many, many books. How can you say you’re not a man of letter?
C. You’ve written so many books. How can you say you’re not man of letters?
D. You’ve written many, many books. How can you say you’re not a man of letters?
9. 他睡得很死，连打雷都没有把他惊醒。
A. He slept like a log and was not even wakened up by the thunder.
B. He slept like a log and was not even awakened up by the thunder.
C. He slept like a log and was not even awoken up by the thunder.
D. He slept like a log and was not even awakened by the thunder.
10. 中国作为疆域辽阔、人口众多、历史悠久的国家，应该对人类有较大的贡献。
A. A country with a vast territory, a big population and a long history, China should make greater contributions to humanity.
B. China is a country with a vast territory, a big population and a long history, should make greater contributions to humanity.
C. China has a vast territory, a big population and a long history, and thus makes greater contributions to humanity.
D. As a country, China has not only a vast territory, a big population but also a long history. Therefore, China should make greater contributions to humanity.
B. Directions: This part consists of five unfinished statements, each followed by four choices labeled A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes each statement.
11. 针对鲁迅先生提出的“宁信而不顺”的主张，瞿秋白提出_________。
A. “宁顺而不信”
B. “信”和“顺”不应对立起来
C. 要容忍“多少的不顺”
D. 要保存原作的丰姿
12. 傅雷认为翻译重在_________。
A. 理论
B. 实践
C. 创新
D. 观察
13. 王佐良认为译者在处理个别的词时，他面对的是_________。
A. 两种语言
B. 两种文体
C. 两大片文化
D. 两套语法体系
14. According to Theodore Savory, a translator must ask himself: _________.
A. (ⅰ) What does the author say?
(ⅱ) What does he mean?
(ⅲ) How does he say it?
B. (ⅰ) What does the author mean?
(ⅱ)What does he say?
(ⅲ)What does he want?
C. (ⅰ)What does the author say?
(ⅱ) Where does he say it?
(ⅲ) What does he mea n?
D. (ⅰ) What does the author mean?
(ⅱ) How does he like it?
(ⅲ) What does he say?
15. 代词在英语和汉语里都经常使用，但总的说来，_________。
A. 英语代词用得多，汉语代词用得少
B. 英语代词用得多，汉语代词也用得多
C. 汉语代词用得多，英语代词用得少
D. 汉语代词用得少，英语代词也用得少
Ⅱ. Word and Phrase Translation (20 points, 1 point for each)
A. Directions: Put the following words and phrases into Chinese.
16. Premier
17. foreign exchange dealings
18. financial deficit
19. arbitration agency
20. regional autonomy
21. waste disposal
22. automobile components
23. sum total
24. inland waters
25. ASEAN
B. Directions: Put the following words and phrases into English.
26. 金字塔
27. 中国公民
28. 维生素
29. 载人飞船
30. 生态环境
31. 世界贸易组织
32. 平等互利的原则
33. 内燃机
34. 版权保护
35. 可耕地
Ⅲ. Translation Improvement (20 points, 2 points for each)
A. Directions: Each of the following Chinese translations has one or more inadequacies. Improve the given translations.
Example:
原文：Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.
译文：阿德莱德享有地中海型气候。
改译：阿德莱德属地中海型气候。
36. 原文：China’s vast size and resources, her extraordinary economic progress over recent years, have made her an increasingly important player in the modern international economy.
译文：中国地大物博，近年来经济迅猛发展，这使得中国在现代国际经济中成为一个越来越重要的游戏者。
37. 原文：His air of complete self-assurance and somewhat lordly bearing would have frightened me, had it not been for his warm and hearty handshake.
译文：他和我握手时的那种热情和真挚不像是那么回事，他那十分自信和略为高傲的派头真使我害怕。
38. 原文：She wore dark glasses, a thick sweater and a white scarf.
译文：她穿戴着墨镜、厚毛衣和白围巾。
39. 原文：She is neatly and quietly dressed in accordance with her age and position.
译文：她穿着整齐、朴素，以便和她的年龄和身份相称。
40. 原文：My wife and I, as well as our entire party, are deeply grateful.
译文：我的夫人和我以及我们全党都非常感激。
41. 原文：It is better to be alone than in ill company.
译文：与其呆在不怎么样的公司，还不如一个人呆着。
B. Directions: Each of the following English translations has one or more inadequacies. Improve the given translations.
Example:
原文：能为他的这本散文集子作序，我觉得很荣幸。
译文：To write a preface to this collection of his essays gives me a great honor.
改译：I find it a great honor to write a preface to this collection of his essays.
42. 原文：深圳人自己总结经验，由内向型转为外向型经济。
译文：The people in Shenzhen reviewed their experience and decided to shi ft the zone’s economy from an incoming orientation to an external orientation.
43. 原文：“物极必反”，错误成了堆，光明就会到来。
译文：“Things turn into their opposites when they reach the extreme”; mistakes pile up, light is not far off.
44. 原文：钻石湖风景秀丽，是这个城市的几大景点之一。
译文：The Diamond Lake, noting for its beautiful scenery, was regarded as one of the outstanding views of the city.
45. 原文：没有科技知识要建设社会主义是不可能的。
译文：Without knowledge of science and technology is impossible to build socialism.
Ⅳ. Paragraph Translation (30 points)
A. Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15 points)
46. We are still in the middle of the Industrial Revolution; We had better be, for we have many things to put right in it. But it has made our world richer, smaller, and for the first time ours. And I mean that literally: our world, everybody’s world.
From its earliest beginnings, when it was still dependent on water power, the Industrial Revolution was terribly cruel to those whose lives and livelihood it overturned. Revolutions are—it is their nature, because by definition revolutions move too fast for those whom they strike. We still live in the middle of the Industrial Revolution and find it hard to see its implications, but the future will say of it that in the ascent of man it is a step, a stride, as powerful as the Renaissance. The Renaissance established the dignity of man. The Industrial Revolution established the unity of nature.
B. Directions: Translate the following passage into English. (15 points)
47. 我家里生活苦，父亲做小买卖，妈妈是家庭妇女，弟弟妹妹多。家里最大的是我，才十三岁，就唱戏养家了。
早晨去喊嗓子，我带着一个小篮拾煤核，为了回家取暖。拾煤核也要放聪明点，常常换换地方，为的是不受那些成群结队拾煤核的野男孩的欺负。
2004 10
课程代码：00087
请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上
PART ONE
Ⅰ.Multiple Choice Questions
A. Directions: This part consists of five sentences， each followed by four different translations labeled A，B，C and D. Choose the one that is the most equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.
1.It is well said， in every sense，that a man’s religion is the chief
fact with regard to him.
A.有人说，看一个人，主要是看他的宗教信仰，这一说法无论在何种意义上都是十分恰当的。
B.人们说，从某种意义上来看，一个人的宗教信仰是他生命的重要成份。
C.据说，一个人的宗教信仰与他的为人密不可分。
D.大家都说，一个人的宗教信仰从某种意义上说是他本份生活的主要成份。
2.Potential energy that is not so obvious as kinetic energy exists in many things.
A.许多事物中都包含不如动能明显的势能。
B.不如动能明显的势能存在于许多事物中。
C.势能虽然不像动能那样明显，但它存在于许多物体之中。
D.当势能不像动能那样明显时，便可在许多物体中找到它。
3.We often say that there are no places left on the earth where the foot of man has not trodden.
A.我们常说地球上没有没留下人类脚步的地方。
B.人们常说人类的脚步践踏的地方地球上无处不在。
C.人们常说，人迹不到的地球上没有留下地方。
D.我们常说，地球上无处不留下人类的足迹。
4.She is old enough to know better than to spend all her money on clothes.
A.她虽然老，但并不把钱都花在买衣服上，对此她十分明了。
B.她再老也不至于把所有的钱财都用于衣着上。
C.她年龄很大，只好把所有的钱都用来买衣服。
D.年龄不饶人，她只得花所有的钱买衣服来打扮自己。
5.The stories with their unexpected endings are built around interesting situation， rather than around analysis of character.
A.有着出人意料结局的小说的构思围绕着引人入胜的情景，而不是人物性格的分析。
B.小说的结局出人意料，因为其构思围绕着有趣情景而不是人物性格。
C.小说的构思，围绕着引人入胜的情景，而不是围绕着人物性格的分析，因此其结局往往出人意料。
D.出人意料的小说结局是围绕有趣的情景描写，而不是围绕人物性格的分析。B: Directions: This part consists of five unfinished statements， each followed by four choices labeled A，B，C and D. Choose the one that best completes each statement.
6.我国古代著名的佛经译师______对自己提出的要求是：“既须求真，又须喻俗。”
A.竺法兰
B.玄奘
C.释道安
D.鸠摩罗什
7.______翻译《天演论》，宣传“物竞天择，适者生存”的观点，对其时思想界有很大影响。
A.鲁迅
B.严复
C.傅雷
D.郭沫若
8.就英汉语言特点而言，下列选项中不正确的一项是______.
A.英语主从结构多，汉语并列结构多
B.英语被动态多，汉语被动式少
C.英语抽象名词多，汉语抽象名词少
D.英语成语多，汉语成语少
9.英语有时在句子里先出______，然后再出它所指的人或物。汉语一般总是先出实词，然后才用______。
A.名词
B.形容词
C.副词
D.代词
10.英语有些词的用法和汉语是一致的，用起来不困难。但也有些词，特别是
______，用法和汉语不同。
A.名词
B.动词
C.副词
D.代词27.环保革命
28.水陆交通
29.议案
30.军事法庭
Ⅲ.Translation Improvement
A. Directions: Each of the following Chinese translations has one or more inadequacies. Improve the given translations.
Example
Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.
译文：阿德莱德享有地中海型气候。
改译：阿德莱德属地中海型气候。
31.Soil， water， sun—we can grow everything.
译文：土壤、水、阳光——我们种什么都行。
32.All this suggested ancient harmonies.
译文：这一切都意味着古代的和谐。
33.Often property damage and disrupted lives result.
译文：财产遭损失，生活受影响往往是结果。
34.He is the last person I want to see in the world.
译文：他是这个世界上我想见到的最后一个人。
35.He is ignorant to a proverb.
译文：他不懂得这句谚语。
36.The contract will be valid for 8 years.
译文：这个合同8年是有效的。
37.Years begin to tell upon him.
译文：岁月开始在他耳旁诉说。
38.Egypt， wrote the Greek historian Hecataeus， is the gift of the Nile. 译文：埃及，希腊历史学家赫卡泰奥斯写道，是尼罗河的礼物。
B. Directions: Each of the following English translations has one or more inadequacies. Improve the given translations.
Example
能为他的这本散文集子作序，我觉得很荣幸。
译文：to write a preface to this collection of his essays gives me a great
honor.
改译：Writing a preface to this collection of his essays gives me a great honor.
39.凶手被判死刑。
译文：The murderer was condemned to die.
40.一名队员跌入火山湖中，差点被淹死。
译文：A team member fell into the volcanic lake and narrowly escaped to be drowned.
41.法国洞穴探险家伯杰是一位洞穴探险的狂热爱好者。
译文：French potholer， Berger， is a mania for cave exploration. 42.当时伽利略的书禁止在意大利出售。
译文：Galileo’s book was banned from selling in Italy.
43.不是你就是我要做这个新的实验。
译文：Either you or I are going to carry out the new experiment.
44.我们已经在南极建立了一个基地。
译文：We have set up a basis at the South Pole.
45.春天桃花盛开。
译文：The peach trees are in full bloom in spring.
Ⅳ.Paragraph Translation
A. Directions: Translate the underlined parts of the following English passage into Chinese.
46.One reason for studying psychology is to help you deal with your children. Perhaps your daughter refuses to go to bed when you want her to and bursts into tears at the least mention of ″light out″.A little knowledge of psychology will come in handy. Offer her a choice of staying u p until 7∶30 with you or going upstairs and playing until 8∶00.Since she gets to make the choice， she does not feel so powerless and will not therefore resist. Psychology is also useful in rewarding a child for a job well done. Instead of telling your 10-year-old son what a good boy he is when he makes his own bed， tell him how neat it looks， how happy you are to see it， and how proud of him you are for doing it by himself. The psychology book will tell you that being a good boy is much harder to live up than doing one job well.
B. Directions: Translate the underlined parts of the following Chinese passage into English.
47.校长先生，
女士们，先生们：
我感谢陆登庭校长的邀请，使我有机会在这美好的金秋时节，来到你们这座美国古老而又现代化的学府。
哈佛建校三百六十年来，培养出许多杰出的政治家、科学家、文学家和企业家，曾出过六位美国总统，三十多位诺贝尔奖获得者。先有哈佛，后有美利坚合众国，这说明了哈佛在美国历史上的地位
2005年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语翻译试题
PART ONE （30 POINTS）
I. Multiple Choice Questions (30 points, 2 points for each)
A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A,B,C, and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.
1．Egypt’s very soil was born in the Nile’s annual flood; with the flood came the life-giving mud that made Egypt the granary of the ancient world.（）
A．埃及的土地就是尼罗河每年泛滥而形成的。河水泛滥，万物得以生长，埃及就这样成了古代世界的粮仓。
B．埃及的土地就是尼罗河每年泛滥而形成的。河水泛滥带来泥沙，万物得以生长，埃及就这样成了古代世界的粮仓。
C．因为每年河水泛滥，泥沙形成了埃及的土地，万物得以生长，埃及就这样成了古代世界的粮仓。
D．万物之所以能生长，是因为埃及的土地是尼罗河每年泛滥带来的泥沙而形成的。埃及就这样成了古代世界的粮仓。
2．Since economic reform began in 1978, an average growth rate of almost 10% a year has seen China’s GNP nearly quadruple.（）
A．自1978年经济改革以来，中国经济以年均10%的速度增长，使其国民生产总值翻了两番。
B．自1978年经济改革以来，中国经济以年均近10%的速度增长，使其国民生产总值几乎翻了几番。
C．自1978年经济改革以来，中国经济以年均近10%的速度增长，使其国民生产总值增长了四倍。
D．自1978年经济改革以来，中国经济以平均每年10%的速度增长，使其国民生产总值增加到原来的四倍。
3．The devastating floods and droughts that imposed a recurrent tax of suffering on the farmers no longer occur. Egyptian agriculture has been transformed, and industry is benefiting from power generated by the dam. （）
A．过去不断给农民带来灾难的旱涝两灾，现在不再发生了。埃及的农业得到了改造，工业也用上了水坝发的电。
B．过去不断给农民带来灾难的不但有旱涝两灾，还有税收。但是现在埃及的农业得到了改造，工业也用上了水坝发的电。
C．过去不断给农民带来灾难的旱涝两灾，现在不再发生了。埃及的农业得到了改良，水坝发的电也用在了工业上。
D．过去不断给农民带来灾难的不但有旱涝两灾，还有税收。但是埃及的农业得到了改良，工业也给水坝发电带来了很大的好处。
4．All plays are alike to me just as all music is alike to Tony.（）
A．所有的戏剧对于我就像所有的音乐对托尼一样。
B．正如托尼喜欢所有的音乐一样，我也非常喜欢所有的戏剧。
C．我对戏剧就像托尼对音乐一样，非常欣赏。
D．托尼不会欣赏音乐，同样我也不会欣赏戏剧。
5．I particularly want to pay tribute, not only to those who prepared the magnificent dinner, but also to those who have provided the splendid music. （）
A．我不仅要特别奖赏那些准备了这次盛大晚宴的人，而且还要奖赏那些为我们提供美好音乐的人。
B．我不仅要特别赞扬那些准备了这次盛大晚宴的人，而且还要赞扬那些为我们提供美好音乐的人。
C．我不仅要特别赞扬那些准备了这次盛大晚宴的人，而且还要赞扬那些为我们演奏好音乐的人。
D．我特别赞扬的不是那些准备了这次盛晚宴的人，而是那些为我们演奏美好音乐的人。6．我就担心丧失机会。不抓呀，看到的机会就丢掉了，时间一晃就过去了。（）A．The only thing I worry about is that we may lose opportunit ies. If we don’t seize them, they will slip through our fingers, time speeds by.
B．The only thing I worry about is that we may lose opportunities. Don’t seize them, they will slip through our fingers, because time speeds by.
C．The only thing I worry about is that we may lose opportunities. If we don’t seize them, they will slip through our fingers. Now that time flies fast.
D．The only thing I worry about is that we may lose opportunities. If we don’t seize them, they will slip through our fingers as time speeds by.
7．我感谢陆登庭校长的邀请，使我有机会在这美好的金秋时节来到你们这座美国古老而又现代化的学府。（）
A．I thank President Rudenstine to invite me to this old yet modern institution of the United States in this golden fall.
B．I wish to thank President Rudenstine for inviting me to this old yet modern institution of the United States in this golden fall.
C．I thank President Rudenstine for inviting me to this ancient yet modern institution of the U.S. in this golden autumn.
D．I wish to thank President Rudenstine to invite me to this ancient yet modern institution of the U.S. in this golden autumn.
8．合营各方按注册资本比例分享利润和分担风险及亏损。（）
A．The parties to the venture shall share the profits, risks and losses in proportion to their contributions to the registered capital.
B．The parties to the venture shall divide the profits, risks and losses in proportion to their contributions to the registered capital.
C．The parties to the venture shall divide and enjoy the profits, share the risks and losses in proportion to their contributions to the registered capital.
D．The parties to the venture shall share the profits, and divide the risks and losses in proportion to their contributions to the registered capital.
9．虽然我浑身酸痛，可是不干活儿不行呀！（）
A．Though I still ached all over, I must work.
B．Though I still ached all over, I had to work.
C．Though I still ached all over, I cannot but work.
D．Though I still ached all over, but I had to work.
10．中国自20世纪60年代开始进行海洋油气资源的自营勘探和开发。（）
A．Since the 1960s,China began to explore and exploit offshore oil and gas resources on its own. B．Beginning from the 1960s, China began to explore and exploit offshore oil and gas resources on its own.
C．As early as the 1960s,China began to explore and exploit offshore oil and gas resources on its own.
D．Until the 1960s, China began to explore and exploit offshore oil and gas resources on its own. B．Directions: This part consists of five unfinished statements, each followed by four choices labeled A,B,C and D. Choose the one that best completes each statement.
11．严复翻译的《天演论》，其原文的题目是（）
A．Inquiry into the Nature of Evolution
B．Study of Evolution and Ethics
C．Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays
D．Study of the System of Logic
12．周煦良在“翻译三论”一文中写道：直译可以分为三类，其中不包括（）
A．译音而不译意B．照字面译
C．不妄改原文的字句D．按照原文的结构或词序的翻译
13．Cicero said, “In doing so, I did not thin k it necessary （）.”
A．to translate word for word
B．to preserve the general style
C．to keep the force of the language
D．to change the form of the original
14．不符合科技英语特点的是（）
A．严肃的书面语体B．词汇含义相对单一并且固定
C．广泛使用被动语态D．趋向于使用多重复合结构
15．一般来说，在用词方面，（）
A．汉语喜欢重复，英语也喜欢重复
B．汉语不怕重复，英语也不怕重复
C．英语不喜欢重复，汉语也不喜欢重复
D．英语不喜欢重复，汉语则不怕重复
PART TWO （70 POINTS）
II. Word and Phrase Translation (20 points,1 point for each)
A. Directions: Put the following words and phrases into Chinese.
16．articles of association
17．telecommunications
18．come into force
19．poisonous chemicals
20．V atican
21．the science of biotic control
22．academic exchanges
23．weapons of mass destruction
24．undermanned
25．instrument of ratification
B. Directions: Put the following words and phrases into English.
26．诺贝尔奖获得者
27．奥运会
28．北洋军阀政府
29．预算
30．生产力
31．御花园
32．基金会
33．渔场
34．振兴中华
35．人类文明的发祥地
III．Translation Improvement (20 points, 2 points for each)
A．Directions: Each of the following Chinese translations has one or more inadequacies. Improve the given translations.
Example:
原文：Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.
译文：阿德莱德享有地中海型气候。
改译：阿德莱德属地中海型气候。
36．原文：I believe Chinese economic authorities recognize the problem and the next Five-Year Plan will address it effectively.
译文：我相信中国经济管理部门已认识到这个问题，在下一个五年计划中会有效地提到它。37．原文：World War II was more complex than World War I, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of market, resources and territories.
译文：第二次世界大战比第一次世界大战更复杂，那是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场资源和领土的冲突。
38．原文：Yet there was a bigger movement in the air by 1750.
译文：到了1750年，进行了一场更大的空中运动。
39．原文：Byron’s father, by his first marriage, had a daughter, Augusta, Byron’s half-sister.
译文：拜伦的父亲和第一位妻子生了一个女儿，名叫奥古斯塔，是拜伦同母异父的妹妹。40．原文：It is no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are an essential part of education.
译文：告诫子女不要犯错误，那是没用的，一来他们不听你的，二是错误本身也是教育的一个重要方面。
41．原文：Driving southward from Cairo into the valley, I entered a landscape that owed little to the present era.
译文：我从开罗驱车南行，进入尼罗河河谷，这里的景色没有亏欠多少现在的时代。B．Directions: Each of the following English translations has one or more inadequacies. Improve the given translations.
Example:
原文：能为他的这本散文集子作序，我觉得很荣幸。
译文：To write a preface to this collection of his essays gives me a great honor.
改译：I find it a great honor to write a preface to this collection of his essays.
42．原文：我最近还在另一个地方说过：艺术的最高境界是无技巧。
译文：I’ve also said recently in another place that the highest state to which art can attain is artlessness.
43．原文：凤霞从1966年被迫离开舞台，后来又因病不能登台，至今已经14年之久。
译文：Fengxia was driven off the stage in 1966 and later fell ill, for 14 years she has not been able to perform.
44．原文：合营企业的有关外汇事宜，应遵照中华人民共和国外汇管理条例办理。
译文：The foreign exchange transactions of an equity joint venture shall observe the regulations on foreign exchange con trol of the People’s Republic of China.
45．原文：老年人有长处，但也有很大的弱点——老年人容易固执，因此老年人也要有点自觉性。
译文：Old people have strengths but also great weaknesses—they are easy to be stubborn, for example—and they should be aware of that.
IV．Paragraph Translation (30 points)
A．Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15 points)
46.
China may well be the favorite whipping boy of manufacturers in the United States these days. But in the developing world, the country is becoming the trading partner of choice, drawing in airplanes from Brazil, soybeans from Argentina and seafood from Malaysia, boosting economies and leading to new political alliances.
The growing appetite of the world’s most populous nation has made China a new source of income for the developing economies of South America and Asia.
“China’s booming imports from developing countries—especially of commodities—are not only helping growth in countries from Brazil to Africa, but are already reshaping international trade relations,”said Kenneth Rogoff, an economics professor at Harvard University.
Developed countries also are sending more goods to Chins, the world’s sixth-largest economy, with an estimated $1.334 trillion gross domestic product in 2003, according to the IMF. B．Directions: Translate the following passage into English. (15 points)
47．
中国是一个发展中的沿海大国。中国高度重视海洋的开发和保护，把发展海洋事业作为国家发展战略，加强海洋综合管理，不断完善海洋法律制度，积极发展海洋科学技术和教育。中国积极参与联合国系统的海洋事务，推进国家间和地区性海洋领域的合作，并认真履行自己承担的义务，为全球海洋开发和保护事业做出了积极贡献。
1998年是联合国确定的国际海洋年，中国政府愿借此机会介绍中国海洋事业的发展情况。
全国2005年4月自学考试英语翻译试题答案
I. Multiple Choice Questions (30 points, 2 points for each)
A：1．B 2.B 3.A 4.D 5. C 6. D 7.B 8.A 9.
B 10. C
B：11．C 12. C 13.A 14.B 15. D
II. Word and Phrase Translation (20 points, 1point for each)
A.
16. 公司章程（仅译为“章程”意义不准确，不能得分）17. 电讯/电信18. 生效19. 化学毒物/有毒化学物质20. 梵蒂冈21. 生物控制（科）学22. 学术交流23. 大规模杀伤性武器24. 人员不足25. 批准书
B.
26. Nobel Prize winner 27. Olympic Games 28. the Northern Warlord government 29. budget 30. productive forces/productivity 31. the imperial garden 32. foundation 33. fishing ground 34. rejuvenation of China 35. the cradle of human civilization (关键词为“cradle”，没有译出就算错)
III. Translation Improvement (20 points, 2 points for each)
A.
36. 我相信中国经济管理部门已认识到这个问题，在下一个五年计划中会有效的解决这个问题。（考试重点：“address”的理解和翻译）
37．第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、资源和领土的冲突，而第二次世界大战比第一次更复杂。（考试重点：定语从句的翻译：倒置法）
38．然而，到了1750年，一场更大的运动已经在酝酿之中。（考试重点：“in the air”的理解和翻译）
39．拜伦的父亲和第一位妻子生了一个女儿，名叫奥古斯塔，是拜伦同父异母的姐姐。（考试重点：对“half-sister”及上下文的理解）
40. 告诫子女不要犯错误，那是没用的，一来他们不听你的，二来犯错误本身也是受教育的一个重要方面。（考试重点：增词：对“mistake”和“education”翻译处理）
41. 我从开罗驱车南行，进入尼罗河河谷，这里的景色还没有受到多少现代的影响。（考试重点：对“owe…to…”的理解和处理）
B．
42．I’ve also said recently on another occasion that the highest state to which art can attain is artlessness.（考试重点：对“另一个地方”的翻译，一般这种情况英文说“on another occasion”）43．Since Fengxia was driven off the stage in 1966 and later fell ill, for fourteen years she has not been able to perform.（考试重点：关联词，句首要用“since”，或在中间用“and”连接。）44．An equity joint venture shall handle its foreign exchange transactions in accordance with the （考regulations on foreign exchange control of the People’s Republic of China.（考试重点：主谓搭配）
45．Old people have strengths but also great weaknesses—they tend to be stubborn, for example—and they should be aware of that. (Also: be apt to/inclined to)（考试重点：“容易”的译法）
IV. Paragraph Translation(30 points)
A.
46. 参考译文：
美国的制造商当前很可能最喜欢拿中国作出气筒。但在发展中国家里，中国却日益成为首选的贸易伙伴。中国从巴西进口飞机，从阿根廷进口大豆，从马来西亚进口海鲜，一方面促进各国经济的发展，一方面形成新的政治联盟。
中国这个世界上人口最多的国家，胃口越来越大，成了南美洲和亚洲发展中经济体的新财源。
哈佛大学经济学教授肯尼思﹒罗戈夫说道：“中国从发展中国家不断扩大进口，尤其是商品进口，这不仅促进了从巴西到非洲各国的发展，而且在改变着国际贸易关系的格局。”
发达国家也把越来越多的货物销往中国。据国际货币基金组织称，中国2003年国内生
产总值估计为1.334万亿美元，中国的经济在全世界占第六位。
全文共分5句。第一句2分，第2至第5句，每句3分。满分15分，包括分句评价分14分，总体评价分1分。
第1句：理解词义，关于“whipping boy”，译文“拿…作出气筒”或“拿…撒气”均可。若理解错误，扣2分。
第2句：理解词义，
“economies”
“this country”要用实称，译为“中国”，否则意义不清楚，扣1分。
指“各国经济”，若只译为“经济”，有歧义，扣1分。
第3句：定语，“of the world’s most populous nation”需译为主语，否则定语太长，扣1分。“growing”可译为“appetite”的谓语，否则不顺，扣1分，“the developing economies”若译为“发展中国家”，不算错。
第4句：短语译为分句，将“China’s booming imports…”译为主谓结构，否则累赘，扣1分。说话者可以放在引语之后，不算错。
第5句：同位语需单起一句。IMF若译不出，扣1分。
B．
47．参考译文：
As a major developing country with a long coastline, China attaches great importance to marine development and protection, and takes it as the state’s development strategy. It is constantly strengthening comprehensive marine management, steadily improving its marine laws, and actively developing science, technology and education pertaining to the oceans. China has made positive contributions to international ocean development and protection by participating positively in UN marine affairs, promoting country-to-country and regional cooperation and conscientiously carrying out its obligations in this field.
The year 1998 has been designated by the United Nations as the International Ocean Year, and on this occasion the Chinese Government would like to introduce the progress of China’s work in this particular field to the world.
汉语一个句号算一句，全文共4句。满分15分，包括分句评价分14分，总体评价分1分。第1句：1分。可与下一句合并，也可独立成句。
第2句：5分。“海洋法律制度”如译作“marine-related laws”，不算错。如副词未译出，不算错。
第3句：5分。“国家间和地区性海洋领域的合作”如译作“cooperation between countries and regions”，不算错。如positive 和positively未译出，不算错。
第4句：3分。“introduce”后面如无“to the end”之类的字样，扣1分。
全国2005年7月高等教育自学考试英语翻译试题
第一部分选择题(共30分)
一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分)
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是最符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。
（一）本部分共有10小题，在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个在意义和表达方面与原文最接近，选择最佳译文。错选、多选或未选均无分。（20分）
1. Today has seen the practical fulfillment of the historic decision taken on 25 October 1971, when the General Assembly voted to restore to the People’s Republic of China its lawful rights in
this organization.【】
A. 今天已经目睹了1971年10月25日联合国大会投票恢复中华人民共和国在该组织中的合法权时所作出的历史性决定的实施。
B. 1971年10月25日，联合国大会投票恢复了中华人民共和国在该组织中的合法权，今天已经目睹了当时所作出的历史性决定的实施。
C. 1971年10月25日，当联合国大会投票恢复中华人民共和国在该组织中的合法权时，它作出了一项历史性的决定，到今天已经付诸实施了。
D. 1971年10月25日联合国大会投票恢复中华人民共和国在该组织中的合法权时所作出的历史性决定，今天已经付诸实施了。
2. In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks this week, let us recognize at the outset these points: ...【】
A. 本着我希望成为我们这个星期会谈的特征的坦率精神，让我们在一开始就认识到这样几点：……
B. 我希望我们这个星期的会谈很有特色，在坦率的精神指引下，让我们在一开始就认识到这样几点：……
C. 我坦率地希望我们这个星期的会谈富有特色。本着这种坦率的精神，让我们在一开始就认识到这样几点：……
D. 我希望我们这个星期的会谈将是坦率的。本着这种坦率的精神，让我们在一开始就认识到这样几点：……
3. The hatching larvae are parasitic, feeding on the flesh of the host.【】
A. 幼虫在孵化过程中是寄生的，靠寄主的肉为生。
B. 孵化的幼虫是寄生的，可以给寄主提供肉类营养。
C. 孵卵的幼虫是寄生的，吃的肉来自寄主。
D. 幼虫在孵化过程中是寄生的，吃的肉来自寄主。
4. For the purpose of this Convention any Contracting State may, by domestic legislation, assimilate to its own nationals any person domiciled in that State.【】
A. 为了本公约的目的，任何成员国均可按照国内立法，将经常居住于那个国家的任何人同化为本国国民。
B. 为实施本公约，任何成员国均可按照国内立法，将经常居住于该国的任何人按本国国民对待。
C. 为了本公约，任何成员国均可按照国内立法，将任何经常居住于那个国家的人变成自己的国民。
D. 为推行本公约起见，任何成员国均可按照国内立法，将常居该国的所有人转化为本国国民。
5. When you are a child of the mountains yourself, you really belong to them. You need them. 【】
A. 你要是在山里长大的，你就对山有感情，你就离不开它。
B. 你自己如果是大山之子，你就会成为其一分子。你需要它们。
C. 你要是亲自在山里长大，就会对山有归属感，就离不开它。
D. 当你自己是一个山里娃的时候，你就真正属于它们、需要它们。
6. 我的文章就像一个丑八怪，不打扮，看起来倒还顺眼些。【】
A. My writing resembles an ugly monster, and it actually looks a little better without any embellishment.
B. My writing resembles an ugly monster, and so it actually looks a little better without any
embellishment.
C. Though my writing resembles an ugly monster, it actually looks a little better without any embellishment.
D. My writing not only resembles an ugly monster, but also looks a little better without any embellishment.
7. 她不很爱说话，别人问了才回答，答得也不多。【】
A. She said little, only answered briefly when being asked a question.
B. She said little, and only to answer briefly when asked a question.
C. She said little, only answering briefly when asked a question.
D. She said little, only to answer briefly when asked a question.
10. 五四运动是在当时世界革命号召之下，是在俄国革命号召之下，是在列宁号召之下发生的。【】
A. The May 4th Movement came into being at the call of the world revolution, of the Russian Revolution and of Lenin.
B. The May 4th Movement came into being at the call of the world revolution, at the call of the Russian Revolution and at the call of Lenin.
C. The May 4th Movement came into being at the call of the world revolution, Russian Revolution and Lenin.
D. The May 4th Movement came into being at the call of the revolution of the world, of the Russian Revolution and Lenin.
(二) 本部分共有5小题，在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，选择最佳答案完成句子。错选、多选或未选均无分。（10分）
11. 将“既须求真，又须喻俗”作为对自己做翻译的要求的是【】
A. 鸠摩罗什
B. 玄奘
C. 释道安
D. 慧远
12. Tales from Shakespeare (1807)一书的书名，林纾的译文是【】
A. 《吟边燕语》
B. 《海外轩渠录》
C. 《贼史》
D. 《块肉余生述》
13. 鲁迅的“宁信而不顺”，是针对当时“宁顺而不信”的翻译观提出来的；“宁顺而不信”的提出者为【】
A. 胡适
B. 周作人
C. 瞿秋白
D. 赵景深
14. 郭沫若认为文学翻译上所谓的“雅”，就是【】
A. 文学价值或艺术价值比较高
B. 讲修饰
C. 高深
D. 采用汉以前的语言风格
15. Cicero’s translating of ancient Greek speeches is characterized by【】
A. literal translation
B. counting out words to the reader like coins
C. translating as an orator
D. translating as a poet
第二部分非选择题(共70分)
二、词语翻译（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）
（一）将下列词语译成中文（10分）
16. artery of communication
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2007年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语翻译试卷 Ⅰ．Multiple Choice Questions （30 points, 2 points for each） A．Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1．I always found myself a dread of west and a love of east in Eden. A．我总是在自己身上找到对伊甸之西的畏惧和对伊甸之东的喜爱。 B．我总是在我内心深处找到对伊甸之西的畏惧和对伊甸之东的喜爱。 C．我发现自己身上一直有对伊甸之西的畏惧，对伊甸之东的喜爱。 D．我发现自己一直对伊甸之西怀有畏惧，而对伊甸之东怀有喜爱。 2．No man is so foolish but he may give another good counsel sometimes. A．没有人如此愚笨，他有时也能给别人提出好的忠告。 B．没有人愚笨到偶尔也给别人提出好的忠告。 C．人再愚笨，有时也能给别人提出好的忠告。 D．偶尔愚笨的人也能给别人提出好的忠告。 3．A pretext was the last thing that Hastings was likely to want. A．最后，哈丁斯好像需要一个借口。 B．哈丁斯可能不需要任何借口。 C．最后，哈丁斯可能想要的那个东西就是借口。 D．借口好像是哈丁斯想要的最后的东西。 4．A powerful indictment of America’s disregard of ecology, Silent Spring was aimed chiefly at the wholesale use of chemical pesticide．especially DDT. A．有力地控诉了美国对生态的忽视，《沉默的春天》主要是针对大规模使用农药，特别是滴滴涕。 B．一个对美国忽视生态的有力控诉，《沉默的春天》主要是针对大规模使用农药，特别是滴滴涕。 C．《沉默的春天》是对美国忽视生态的有力控诉，它主要是针对大规模使用农药，特别是对滴滴涕的使用进行了控诉。 D．《沉默的春天》对美国忽视生态，主要是针对大规模使用农药，特别是滴滴涕的使用，进行了有力的控诉。 5．Tobacco addicts remain hopelessly blind to signs that say NO SMOKING A．瘾君子仍然绝望地对那些“严禁吸烟”的布告牌视而不见。 B．瘾君子绝望了，他们对那些“严禁吸烟”的布告牌都视而不见了。 C．瘾君子对那些“严禁吸烟”的布告牌视而不见，因为他们绝望了。 D．瘾君子对那些“严禁吸烟”的布告牌视而不见，真是不可救药。 6．这些计划反映了中国人民把经济落后的中国尽快变为世界强国的决心。 A．These plans show the determination of the Chinese people to change China as quickly as possible from an economically backward country into one that ranks with the foremost in the world. B．These plans show the determination of the Chinese people as quickly as possible to change China from an economically backward country into one that ranks with the foremost in the world. C．These plans show the determination of the Chinese people to change as quickly as possible China from an economically backward country into one that ranks with the foremost in the world. D．These plans show the determination of the Chinese people to change China from an economically backward country into one that ranks as quickly as possible with the foremost in the world. 7．仅去年一年这个工厂的工程师和技术员就开发了不少新产品。 A．Lonely last year the engineers and technicians in the factory developed quite an amount of new products. B．Last year alone the engineers and technicians in the factory developed quite a number of new products. C．Last year alone the engineers and technicians in the factory developed quite an amount of new products. D．Lonely last year the engineers and technicians in the factory developed quite a number of new products. 8．直到在法庭受到审讯时，他才明白了事情的真相。
自考英语翻译完整技巧篇
自考英语翻译技巧一 定语从句：定语从句是由一些关系代词或者关系副词引导的从句组成，用来修饰名词中心词。 Person has pieced togethter the workd of hundereds of researcher around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest date when we can expect hundreds of key breakthrough and discoveries to take place.皮而森汇集了……生产出独特的千年历，这种千年历（它）能够…… 定语的翻译要特别注意位子上的变化，即：如果是单词修饰名词就放在中心词的前面，这和汉语的词序是一样的；如果定语太长，定语就要放在中心词的后面，这时就要注意断句，重复先行词，例如：1.I have the same problem as you concerning the learning of English 在学英语的问题上，我和你有同样的问题。 2.She has a perfect figure. 她身材不错。 3.This is indeed a most pressing problem. 这的确是一个非常棘手的问题。 4.The only other people who knew the secret were his father and mother. 别的知道这个秘密的人就是他的父母。 5.The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities 有效的维持纪律通常是由一些学生来做的，而这些学生则负责给学校的领导提建议。 6.The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting a d fishing
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