英语修辞
1 Synecdoche (提喻）
A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole, the whole for a part, the specific for the general, the general for the specific, or the material for the thing from which it is made. 一种修辞方法，以局部代表整体（如用手代表水手），以整体代表局部（如用法律代表警官），以特殊代表一般（如用直柄剃刀代表杀人者），以一般代表特殊（如用贼代表扒手），或用原材料代表用该材料制造的东西（如用钢代表剑）
Example: lend me your ears (give me your attention).
He saw some new faces in the classroom.
A fleet of ten sails \ To earn one’s bread \ To count heads
Many hands provide great strength.
The poor man had twelve mouths to feed.
Lend me your ears. ( give me your attention.)
2 Metonymy（借代）换喻，转喻：
A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of “ Washington” for “the United States government” or of “the sword” for “military power”.
一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用华盛顿代替美政府或用剑代替军事力量
Example:bowing to the sceptered isle. (Great Britain)
Young people should have more respect for gray hairs. (old people)
The kettle is boiling. (water in the kettle)
He took to the bottle.他爱上了喝酒。(wine in the bottle)
I’m reading Lu Xun. ( Lu Xun’s works)
He’s listening to Beethoven. (Beethoven’s works)
He is booked out for the whole season.他这个季演出的票全订出去了。(the tickets for his concerts)
When she entered high school, she would wear a wardrobe that no one else would be able to match.当她上中学时，她所穿的衣服任何一个人都没法比。
They will resort to the sword if the negotiation does no work.
She is the first violin in the band.她是乐队中的第一小提琴手。
Both are figures of speech used in rhetoric. They’re not the same thing, though metonymy is often interpreted so widely that synecdoche can be regarded as a special case of it.
As for Synecdoche, You use this when you speak of a part of somet hing but mean the whole thing. When Patrick O’Brian has Captain Jack Aubrey tell his first lieutenant（陆军中尉）to “let the hands go to dinner” he’s employing synecdoche, b
3 明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though 等，例如：
1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.
这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.
他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。
3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.
它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
4 隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...
德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。
2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.
钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
5
拟人（personification）这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。
1、She may have tens of thousand of babies in one summer.(From“ Watching Ants”)
一个夏天她可能生育成千上万个孩子。
这里用“she”和“babies”把蜜蜂比作人类妇女的生育。
2、My only worry was that January would find me hunting for a job again.
我唯一担心的是，到了一月份我又得去找工作。
英语里常把“年”“月”“日”人格化，赋以生命，使人们读起来亲切生动。
6、夸张（hyperbole）这是运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的效果。
1、My blood froze.
我的血液都凝固了。
2、When I told our father about this,his heart burst.
当我将这件事告诉我们的父亲时，他的心几乎要迸出来。
3、My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter’svoice on the phone.
从电话里一听到我女儿的声音，我的心几乎停止跳动。
7 叠言（rhetorical repetition）这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中，将相同的结构，相同意义词组成句子重叠使用，以增强语气和力量。
1、It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious man—made destiny.
它必须用我们这些对于未来，对于人类以及人类自己创造的伟大命运具有信心的人的鲜血和汗水去创造。
2、... Because good technique in medicine and surgery means more quickly—cured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity.
因为优良的医疗技术和外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人，更少痛苦，更少不安，更少死亡，更少疾病，和更少残废。
八、双关语（pun）是以一个词或词组，用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来，以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果。
Napoleon was astonished.”Either you are mad, or I am,”he declared. “Both，sir!”cried the Swede proudly.
“Both”一词一语双关，既指拿破仑和这位士兵都是疯子，又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役。
九、拟声（onomatcpocia）是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似，使语言显得生动，富有表现力。
1、On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing.
在学校房屋的屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着。
2、She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt——sunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one.
她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西，如阳光呀，丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀，昆虫的叫声呀，开门的吱嗄声呀，亲人的说话声呀。
十、讽刺（irony）是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义，从而达到使本义更加幽默，更加讽刺的效果。
Well, of course, I knew that gentlemen like you carry only large notes.
啊，当然，我知道像你这样的先生只带大票子。
店员这句话意在讽刺这位穿破衣的顾客：像你这样的人怎么会有大票子呢？名为“gentlemen”实则“beg gar”而已。
十一、通感（synesthesia）是指在某个感官所产生的感觉，转到另一个感官的心理感受。
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested.
有些书是应当尝尝滋味的，有些书是应当吞下去的，有少数书是应当咀嚼和消化的。
书是“尝”不出味道的，也是不能“吃”下去将其“消化”掉的。这里把读书中的精读和泛读，阅读欣赏与吸收知识的感受，用味觉功能和消化功能来表示，心理感受是如此逼真和奇特。
十二、头韵法（alliteration）在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。
How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness.
英语修辞简介
A General Survey of English Rhetorics Simile and metaphor New China is like a red sun rising in the east. Subject/tenor-----reference/vehicle-----indicator of resemblance/simile marker Simile marker:like/as/as if/as though/as….as/similar to etc. Mother was short and plump and pretty.Her eyes were blue,and her brown hair was like a bird’s smooth wings…. Avoid to use outdated similes.---fresh as a rose/brave as a lion/cunning as a fox/proud as peacock. Metaphor-------condensed simile The news is a dagger to his heart. Joe fought like a lion------Joe was a lion in the battle. The gossip was like a net that strangled her. The parks of our city are like human lungs.The parks are the lungs of our city. She was strangled in the net of gossip. Money is the lens in a camera.(J.T.Adams) Notes: Add fuel to the flames A bolt from the blue Castles in the air Constant dropping wears the stone You will cross the bridge when you get to it. Carry coals to Newcastle Excises: 1)The data processing is going on as slow as a snail. 2)Every man has a fool in his sleeve. 3)The brains don’t lie in the beard. 4)Two heads are better than one. 5)An ounce of practice is worth a pound of theory. Analogy 类比是就两种本质上不同的事物之间的几个共同的特征或相似点进行平行比较，从中找出两者的相似之处，得出针对性极强的结论。它比比喻的着眼点更广阔，描述更充分。 Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers. An individual human existence should be like a river----small at first,narrowly contained within its banks,and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.Gradually the river grows wider,the banks recede,the waters flow more quietly,and in the end,without any visible break,they become merged in the sea,and painlessly lose their individual being. _____Bertrand Russell
英语修辞格汇总
修辞格(figures of speech)大体分为三类： 音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices )； 词义修辞格(semantic rhetorical devices) 句法修辞格(syntactical rhetorical devices) （一）音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices) Alliteration就是在一个词组或一个诗行中，有两个以上彼此靠近的词，其开头的音节（或其他重读音节）具有同样的字母或声音. Peter Piper picked a peck of picking pepper.（alliteration） 皮特.派特咽下了一口腌菜用的胡椒粉。 Assonance是在一句话或在一个诗行中间，有两个或更多的词具有相同的元音。 With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. 怀着这个信念，我们能把绝望的大山凿成希望的磐石。 Onomatopoeia是模仿事物发出的声响的修辞手法，与汉语的拟声辞格完全相同。恰当地运 用它可以使语言更加形象生动。 在英美文学终，拟声词的应用非常广泛： 如：摹仿金属声的有：clash, clank, ting, tinkle, clang, jangle, ding-dong, tick-tack, etc. 摹仿水等液体声的有：splash, bubble, sizz, sizzle, splish-splosh, drip-drop, etc.摹仿各种动物叫声有：neigh, baa, moo, miao, screech, hiss, cook-a-doodle-do, etc.摹仿人的各种声音有：giggle, chuckle, shriek, snort, sneeze, snigger, smack, whisper, grunt, grumble, mumble, sputter, murmur, chatter, gurgle, whoop, etc. note: (词义的转变)英语拟声词往往不仅仅指声音，并兼指产生声音的动作，（即转义后可做动词或名词）： 如：flap本指扁平物体拍打时发出的“啪嗒”声，但转义后也可做动词“拍打”（动词to flap,名词a flap） 又如：bang本指“砰砰”的敲物声，转义后，可指敲物的动作＂敲打＂（v. to bang, n. a bang） （二）词义修辞格(semantic rhetorical devices) 词义修辞格主要借助语义的联想和语言的变化等特点创造出来的修辞手法。它们主要包括simile, metaphor, allusion, metonymy, transferred epithet, personification, hyperbole, irony, euphemism, pun, oxymoron, zeugma etc. Simile与汉语的明喻基本相同，用某一事物或情境来比拟另一个事物或情境。其本体和喻 体均同时出现在句中，在形式上是相对应的。英语simile的比喻词一般是like, as（……as）等,汉语明喻的比喻词通常是好象、仿佛等。例如： As brave as a lion 像狮子一样勇猛。 As timid as a rabbit胆小如鼠 Metaphor兼有汉语隐喻、暗喻特点，如： Experience is the mother of wisdom.经验为智慧之母。 He has a heart of stone.他的心像石头一样硬。 My brother studies hard. He is the head of his class.我弟弟学习很用功，他在班上
(完整版)英语中19种修辞手法和例句
1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。 例如: 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily－like voice.（用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花）鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音. 2>.Taste the music of Mozart.（用嗅觉形容听觉）品尝Mozart的音乐. 6.Personification 拟人 拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物. 例如: 1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.（把夜拟人化） 2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.（把鸟拟人化） 7.Hyperbole 夸张 夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果.. 例如: 1>.I beg a thousand pardons. 2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars. 3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out. 8.Parallelism 排比, 平行 这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体. 例如: 1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one
英语修辞手法的解释和例句
英语修辞手法的解释和例句 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉
高级英语(1)修辞格汇总
一．词语修辞格 (1) simile 明喻 它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物 I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils ) 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。 They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。 His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。 ①―Mama,‖ Wangero said sweet as a bird . ―C an I have these old quilts?‖ ②Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. ③My skin is like an uncooked（未煮过的）barley pancake. ④The oratorial（雄辩的）storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools… ⑤I see also the dull（迟钝的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile（易驯服的）, brutish （粗野的）masses of the Hun soldiery plodding（沉重缓慢地走）on like a swarm（群）of crawling locusts（蝗虫）. （2）metaphor 暗喻 暗含的比喻。A是B或B就是A。 All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。 Education is not the filling of a pail桶, but the lighting of a fire. ( William B. Yeats ) 教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。 ①It is a vast（巨大的）, sombre（忧郁的）cavern（洞穴）of a room,… ②Mark Twain --- Mirror of America ③main artery（干线）of transportation in the young nation's heart ④The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind. ⑤Her voice was a whiplash（鞭绳）. ⑥We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air,
英语作文中常用的修辞手法
英语作文中常用的修辞手法 文章最忌语言枯燥无味，一篇好的作文，语言应该生动形象。而恰当地运用修辞手法，可以使文字新鲜活泼、具体逼真，大大增强艺术表现力，扩大语言表达的范围；而且还可以激发读者的想象，给人留下深刻的印象。下面介绍一些英语作文中常用的修辞手法。 1.比喻(metaphor) 比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻： 明喻(simile)： 用like,as,as...as,as if(though)或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如： O my love's like a red,red rose.我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The man can't be trusted.He is as slippery as an eel.那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。 Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream.童年就像一场疾逝的梦。 暗喻(metaphor)： 用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如： He has a heart of stone.他有一颗铁石心肠。 The world is a stage.世界是一个大舞台。 2.换喻(metonymy) 用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the White House代替美国政府或者总统，用the bottle来代替wine或者alcohol，用the bar来代替the legal profession，用crown代替king等。例如： His purse would not allow him that luxury.他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。 The mother did her best to take care of the cradle.母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。
英语修辞 手法
英语修辞 1.音韵修辞格（phonetic devices） (1).头韵（Alliteration） 在英语语言中两个或两个以上的相邻单词以相同的首音因素开头，形成顺口悦耳的读音，称为头韵修辞手法。 Eg : A light heart lives long. Will, work and wait are the pyramidal cornerstones for success. (2) 元韵(Assonance) 若干押音单词重读音节中辅音虽不同而元音相同。 Eg : The first wealth is health . (3).谐音（Assonance） Eg: litter and batter. Dress and boss. (4). 拟声（onomatopoeia） 指通过仿拟相关事物的声音来构词。 Eg : A window rattles. Giggle meow 2.语义修辞格（semantic devices）。 (1) 讽喻（allegory）. 以其他的事物形象来叙述事物，通常叙述的事是一个故 事，故事中的人物，事件及发生的事情别具意义，如寓 言等。
Eg : A farmer was driving his cart along a country road. The cart got stuck in the mud, but the farmer made no effort to get it out. Instead he began to pray to the gods for help. The God finally appeared and told the man to get busy and push it. “Put your shoulder to the wheel ,” God advised. The moral of this story is clear: we must not rely on others for help. Another saying which has come from this fable is, “God help those who help themselves. (2)隐喻（Allusion） 指间接的提及某物，顺便提到。 Eg : It’s no use crying over spilt milk, because all the forces of the universe were bent on spilling it . (3)类比（analogy） 同类相比，属于一种推理方式，由此及彼。 Eg : appropriate praise to a child is what the sun to a flower. (4)警句（epigram） 用简洁的语句说明复杂的事物，揭示深刻的哲理。 Eg : It is easy to buy books than to read them, and easier to read them than to absorb them. (5)委婉语（euphemism） 表示用温和的，简洁的或模棱两可的表达方式来替换那
英语写作常用修辞手法
英语写作常用修辞手法 英语中的修辞与汉语的修辞相比,分类细,种类多.下面将英语的修辞简单介绍如下: 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as c cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.
II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory. 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap. 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物. 例如: 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音. 2>.Taste the music of Mozart.
英语修辞简介
语法管语言“通顺不通顺”；逻辑管语言“合理不合理”；修辞管语言“优不优美”。语言美完全由修辞来决定，由此可见，修辞学在语言学习过程具有不可低估的重要意义。 从翻译教学的目的来看，学生大致掌握下列二十种修辞格就可以了，它们是：明喻（simile）;隐喻（metaphor）;移就（transferred epithet）;拟人（personification）;借代（metonymy）;低调陈述（understatement）;委婉（euphemism）;夸张（hyperbole）;典故（allusion）;对照（antithesis）;平行(parallelism);隽语（paradox）；矛盾修饰（oxymoron）;突降（antiticlimax）;重复（repetion）;头韵（alliteration）;双关（pun）;反语（irony）;仿拟（parody）;轭式搭配（zeugma） 从应用范围来看，英语修辞格的运用可谓无处不在，从各种体裁的文学作品、到数量繁多的习语、谚语、警语、格言、商品广告和交际口语，到处都可发现修辞格的踪影。只有科技英语和法律英语由于要求客观公允、精炼准确，修辞格的运用相对来说要少些。 从翻译手法上来看，英语翻译的方法可以归纳为三种手法：直译法、意译法和直译加注法。但是不管采取什么样的翻译方法，都应该尽量保留原修辞格的语言文化特色，努力传递出各种修辞格的结构美、意蕴美和音韵美。 反语修辞格 所谓反语修辞格，就是把正面意思反过来说或把反面意思说成正面意思的修辞方法，即词语的真实含义往往与其字面意思相反。这种修辞方法便于挖苦、讽刺、俏皮、幽默。如：What a noble illustration of the tender laws of his favored country!-They let the paopers go to sleep! 他们竟允许穷人睡觉！——多么“高尚”的例证！多么“仁慈”的法律！多么“可爱”的国家！（这句话正话反说，19世纪时期英国政府对待穷人的态度昭然若揭，下层人的苦难生活用一种极具讽刺意味的方式表达出来。） 明喻 明喻就是直接将甲事物比作乙事物的修辞格，是最常用，也是最简单的修辞手法。在我国俗称“打比方”。明喻修辞格应用范围十分广泛，几乎可以运用于任何一种文体（包括科技英语）。比如：Using this instrument is like trying to pick up one grain of rice with chopsticks: possible, but difficult for the uninitiated. 明喻不但可用来写景状物、刻画人物还可用来叙事说理；精当的明喻可以极大地增强语言的联想性、形象性、鲜明性、具体性和通俗性。例如：Habit may be likened to a cable: we weave a thread of it every day, and it becomes so strong that we can not break it. 把habit 喻为cable，使读者轻易就领悟到“积习难改”的道理。再如这句服装广告词：Light as a breeze, soft as a cloud. 把这种衣服的质量描写得十分真切，读之让人顿生遐思。 明喻修辞格大多数情况下都可采用直译法进行翻译，但要注意保留其生动性和形象性。 夸张 具体而言夸张修辞格就是为了强调而故意夸大事实，以强调事物的重要性或感情色彩。比如：When I hear the word culture, I reach for my rovoler.(我一听到这个词，就像伸手掏手枪。)夸张是一种十分常用的修辞格，各种文体都可找到应用的例证，现代广告词更是经常使用。例如：We have hidden a garden full of vegetables where you’d never expect—in a pie. 这则广告更是把小小馅饼营养夸大到了无以复加的地步。在看看德国航空公司的一则广告：Making a big world smaller. 通过夸张，把这航空公司业务遍及全球各地的信息及其自信地传递出来。 夸张修辞格有时可照字面意思直译；但有时却不能直译，需要抛却夸饰成分，适当意译或引申，才能得到符合汉语习惯的上好译文。
高级英语课文修辞总结
高级英语课文修辞总结（1-7课） 第一课Face to Face With Hurricane Camille Simile: 1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire) 2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train) Metaphor : 1. We can batten down and ride it out. (comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea) 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.) Personification : 1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.)
英语18种重要修辞手法
18种重要修辞手法 一、语义修辞 1明喻（simile）俗称直喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。例如： 1.The snow was like a white blanket drawn over the field. 2.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 认真观察以上各例，我们会发现它们的特点，由（as）... as, like等引导，这些引导词被称作比喻词（acknowledging word），它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征，明喻较为直白，比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显，所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。 2暗喻（metaphor）也称隐喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似或相关关系而构成的修辞格。例如： 1.His friend has become a thorn in his side.（他的朋友已变成眼中钉肉中刺。） 2.You are your mother’s glass.(你是你母亲的翻版。) 3.Hope is a good br eakfast, but it’s a bad supper. 由以上各例可知，暗喻没有引导词，这是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大区别。换句话说，有为明喻，没有为暗喻。如：He has a heart of stone. He has a heart like stone.很显然，前句是暗喻，后句是明喻。暗喻时，比喻物和被比喻物之间的相似点较为含蓄，猛一看它们毫无关系，实际却有着某种内在联系。 谈到暗喻，有必要说说它的两种变体（variety）：博喻（sustained metaphor）和延喻（extended metaphor），它们是英语比喻中的特殊类型。 （1）博喻连续使用多个喻体去比喻主体的方法就叫做博喻。比如： There again came out the second flash, with the spring of a serpe nt and the shout of a fiend, looked green as an emerald, and the reverber ation was stunning.(爆发了第二次闪电，她像蛇一样蜿蜒，如魔鬼般嘶叫，像翠玉般碧绿，轰隆隆震耳欲聋。) 这个例子中对闪电的比喻就用了三个喻体，spring of a serpen t（动态），shout of a fiend（声音），green as an emerald(颜色)，它们从不同角度绘声绘色地把闪电呈现在读者面前。由此可见，多喻体的使用其优势是单一喻体所无法比拟的。它可以多角度、多侧面、多层次、多结构地表现主体。 （2）延喻据Longman Modern English Dictionary解释，延喻即make a n initial c omparison and then develop it, expanding the author’s id ea（作出初次比较再扩展，以延伸作者的意图）。请看下例： A photographer is a cod, which produces a million eggs in order that one may reach maturity. (摄影师像鳕鱼，产卵百万为的是长成一条。) 摄影师通常拍片成堆，难觅一成功之作，似鳕鱼产卵无数，长成者廖廖。故萧伯纳把摄影师先比作cod，再进一步用cod的习性比喻之，生动地道出了摄影师的艰辛。这里which后的从句就显示了延喻的功能。 与一般比喻相比延喻的使用更复杂。一般比喻只需抓住主、喻体之间的相似之处，延喻不仅要注意比喻本身，还要注意延伸部分是否与喻体保持了一致。也就是说，延伸部分应当是喻体的一部分，不能游离于其外。 延喻的构成分以下几种： ①由动词构成
英语修辞大全
本文根据《大学英语》中出现的最常见的几种修辞格加以分析，希望有助于大家在学习英语的过程中能够恰当地选择修辞手段来丰富自己的表达。 明喻(Simile) 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“A像B”，常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。例如： ●He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushedsint oshis wrinkled face.(他往后一跳，好像被什么东西叮了一下似的，他那张布满皱纹的脸顿时涨得通红。)在《品尝家》一文中老人对“我”的慷慨施舍的反应如同被蜜蜂叮过一样，生动地刻画出一个处境凄凉内心却极度敏感的可怜老人的形象。 ●The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上，像一只断了翅膀的小鸟。)《礼物》一文中，老太太喜迎八十大寿，大女儿不来庆祝，只寄来一张支票。作者把这张支票比作断了翅膀的小鸟，形象地表达出此刻老太太希望破灭，极度伤心的心情。 暗喻(Metaphor) 暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它直接把一种事物名称用在另一事物上，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。例如： ●What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? (如果没有这位电子保姆，父母该怎么办呢？)形象地说明了电视机的保姆功用。 ●... while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.(……但是我们中的很多人太容易给别人批评的冷风，而不愿意给自己的同伴赞扬
英语中常见的修辞手法
英语中常见的修辞手法
英语中常见的修辞手法 1明喻(Simile) simile －简明英汉词典['s?m?li:] n. (使用like或as等词语的)明喻 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“A像B”，常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白，使人可见可感可悟，把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。例如： Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.（正如爬山，我们费力爬上三英尺，又掉下去两英尺。）(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B) I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻，把德国士兵比作蝗虫，因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。) 2暗喻(the metaphor) metaphor －简明英汉词典 ['met?f?] n. 隐喻
暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征，用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词，只是在暗中打比方，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。例如： I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.（我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。）(第二册第三单元课文A) Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧，孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。)（大学英语第二册第七单元课文A） Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding.（每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上的种子，浪漫之花含苞待放。）(大学英语第一册地五单元课文A) 3 转喻(the metonymy) 转喻是通过相近的联想，借喻体代替本体。转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻，它根本不说出本体事物，直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如： The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工（这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。“Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral porcession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.”(“好吧，”医生说，“我会尽力做到科学能做到的，但每当我的病人开始数自己葬礼上的马车时，药物的疗效就会减掉一半。”)（大学英语第三册第六单元课文A） 4夸张(the exaggeration) exaggeration －英汉双向大词典 D.J.[?g?z?d???re???n] - exaggeration n. 1．夸张,夸大 2．夸张的言语;夸张的手法 - Exaggeration n. 夸张；夸大 把事物的特征，有意地加以夸大或缩小，就叫夸张，即采用“言过其实”的说法，使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。英语中夸张修辞格，应用极为频繁。夸张的功能是突出事物的本质特征，因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发。例如：