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Unit 11 Health and Fitness CATTI三级笔译

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Unit 11 Health and Fitness

I. Text Translation Analysis

II. Translation Technique: Division

III. Classroom Exercises and Comment

IV. Comment on the After-Class Exercise

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●Healthcare Reform

●During the past two decades, all of the industrialized nations have enacted some

form of healthcare reform. America is no exception. Just a few years ago, the U. S. was consumed by a vigorous public debate about healthcare. In the end, the debate reaffirmed that the U. S. would retain its essentially market-based system.

●

●医疗改革

●过去二十年来，所有的工业国家都实施过某种形式的医疗改革，美国也不例外。就在几

年前，美国掀起了一场轰轰烈烈的关于医疗改革的公众辩论。最终，这场辩论重新确认美国应继续保留原有的基本上以市场为导向的医疗体制。

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● Instead of reform imposed from the top down, the American healthcare system

underwent some rather profound self-reform, driven by powerful market forces.

The market—not government—managed to wring inflation out of the private healthcare market.

●美国的医疗体制未曾进行过自上而下的改革，而是在强大的市场推动下经历了一些深刻

的自我变革。私营医疗保健市场的水分，是依靠市场、而不是政府的作用来挤掉的。

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●Today, it appears that U. S. healthcare costs are again on the rise. At the same

time, American patients—like patients elsewhere—are becoming more vocal about restrictions many face in their healthcare plans. Talk of government-led reform is once again in the air.

●如今，美国的医疗费用似乎再次呈上涨趋势。于此同时，和其他国家的病患一样，美国

的病患对于他们医疗保健计划中所受到的种种限制也越来越怨声载道。让政府来领导医疗改革的话题又一次被提起。

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●We must think twice, though, before embarking on “reform” if that means imposing

further restrictions on our healthcare markets. The more sensible course is to introduce policies that make the market work better—that is, to the advantage of consumers.

●然而，政府所主导的医疗改革如果仅仅意味着加大对医疗市场的限制的话，那我们可要

三思而后行了。其实，更为明智的做法是制定一些对消费者更为有利的政策，改善市场的运作。

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●I base this argument on our company’s decades of experience in healthcare systems

around the world, which has given us a unique global perspective on the right and wrong way to reform healthcare. The wrong way is to impose layer after layer of regulation and restrictions. We have seen this approach tried in many countries, and we have always see it fail—fail to hold down costs, and fail to provide the best quality care.

●这个观点是基于我们公司在全球医疗系统中数十年的经验而提出来的。这些经验给了我

们独特的视角，来判断医疗改革中正确和错误的做法。我们认为，强加层层规定和限制的做法是错误的。很多国家都曾经采取过这种改革方式，但这样的改革总是以失败而告终：因为它既没有降低医疗成本，也无法给患者提供优质的治疗。

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● Medicine is changing at so rapid pace that no government agency or expert

commission can keep up with it. Only an open, informed and competitive market can do that. This lesson holds true for U. S. , and for all countries

contemplating healthcare reform. Free markets do what governments mean to do –but can’t.

●医药的发展速度实在是太快了，任何政府机构或专家委员会都无法跟上。唯一能跟上这

一发展速度的只有开放、信息充分而有竞争力的市场。这一经验教训既适用于美国，同样也适用于所有正在筹划医疗改革的国家。政府想做却又无法做到的事情，自由市场可以做到。

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●The right approach is to foster a flexible, market-based system in which

consumers have rights, responsibilities, and choices. Healthcare systems do not work if patients are treated as passive recipients of services: they do work if consumers are well-informed about quality, costs, and new treatments, and are free to act responsibly on that knowledge.

●进行医疗改革的正确途径是建立一套灵活的、以市场为导向的医疗体制。在这套体制下，

消费者既享有权利也承担义务，而且还能自由地做出选择。如果患者只是被动地接受医疗服务，这样的医疗体制根本就是行不通的。相反，如果患者能充分了解药物质量、医疗费用以及最新的治疗方法，然后再根据这些情况自由选择治疗方案，这样的体制才是可行的。

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●Of course, reform should never be driven purely by cost consideration. Instead,

we ought to devise new ways of funding healthcare that will make it possible for all patients to afford the best care.

●当然，医疗改革决不能只受价格因素的驱动。相反，我们应该寻求新的途径来资助医疗

保险事业，使所有的患者都能享受最好的医疗服务。

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● Ideally, these new approaches would not only reward individuals and families

but also encourage innovation, which can make healthcare systems more efficient, more productive, and ultimately of greater value for patients.

●理想的改革方式不仅能使个人和家庭受益，而且还能鼓励医疗创新，使得整个医疗体制

的运行效率更高，成效更大，最终使患者受益更多。

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●The path we choose will have enormous implications for all of us. We are in a

golden age of science, and no field of scientific inquiry holds more promise than that of biomedicine. Not only can we look forward to the discovery of cures for chronic and acute disease, but also to the development of enabling therapies that can help people enjoy more rewarding and productive lives.

●选择怎样的改革路线与我们每个人息息相关。我们正处在一个科学发展的黄金时代，而

生物医学又是目前最具探索前景的一个科学领域。我们不仅可以期待找到治愈各种急、慢性疾病的药物，还可以期待研制出各种疗法，帮助人们过上更有意义、更有价值的生活。

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● New drugs are already helping people who would once have been disabled by

arthritis or cardiovascular disease stay active and mobile. More effective anti-depressants and anti-psychotics are beginning to relieve the crippling illness of the mind, allowing sufferers to function normally and happily in society. The promise is quite simply—one of longer, healthier lives.

●过去，关节炎和心血管疾病的患者很有可能致残；而现在，新型的药物可以使他们继续

活动自如。抗抑郁药和抗精神病药的疗效提高了，能缓解人们精神方面的疾病，使患者在社会上正常、快乐地生活。简单地说，生物医学给我们带来的希望就是，它能使人们更长寿、更健康。

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●What is at issue are the pace and breadth of discovery, and how quickly we can

make the benefits of our knowledge available to the patients who need them.

●现在还有待解决的问题就是新药开发的步伐有多快、范围有多广，以及需要多长时间才

能让那些有需要的患者从中受益。

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●Therefore, the policy environment the biomedical industry will face in the next

century may make or break the next wave of biomedical breakthroughs. Will that environment include protection for intellectual property, freedom for the market to determine price, and support for a robust science base?

●因此，下个世纪制药业所面临的政策环境将会决定生物医药领域是否会出现新一波的突

破。改革后的政策环境会保护知识产权吗？会允许市场自由定价吗？会建立强大的科研基地而提供支持吗？

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●Will healthcare systems nurture innovation, or remove incentives for discover?

Will they give consumers information and options, or impose stringent rules and regulations that limit access and choice? For the U. S., as for the rest of the world, the healthcare debate is by no means over. And for all of us, the stakes are higher than ever.

●改革后的医疗体制是有助于培养创新意识，还是会抑制创新？这样的医疗体制是为消费

者提供更多的信息和选择，还是用苛刻的规则和条例限制他们的信息来源和选择权？对于美国和世界上其他国家来说，关于医疗体制的争论绝没有结束。而对我们所有人来说，医疗体制改革的风险比以往任何时候都要大。

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II. Translation Technique: Division

In division, we divide a sentence into two or more parts by picking out those words, phrases or clauses which are “hard nuts to crack”and make them into Chinese

word-groups, clauses or sentences, coordinate or subordinate.

Picking Out of Words (拆译单词)

Picking Out of Phrases (拆译短语)

Splitting of Complex Sentences (Attributive Clause) (拆译复合句）

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●Picking Out of Words (拆译单词)

●Your sister-in-law is a nice pretty woman? (Vanity Fair)

●你的嫂子大概很漂亮，为人也不错，是不是？

●I should be glad of your company on the journey.

●如果你能陪我一块儿去，我会很高兴。

●He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.

●他提醒了我，要不然我就把这事给忘了。

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●The headlines of the Paris and London newspaper were big, black, and frightened.

(Winds of War)

●巴黎和伦敦的报纸用的是大号黑体标题，显得惊慌失措。

●I had unforgivably, in a stealthy manner, peeped at her correspondence.

(Rebecca)

●我偷偷摸摸地看她的信，这实在是难以宽恕的行为。

●The sailors swarmed into a laughing, cheering ring around the two men.

●水兵们欢欢笑笑，蜂拥而至，把这两个人围了起来。

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●At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground

reply.

●如今，人们倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题，，因为这样安全，不招风险。

●The time could have been more profitably spent in making a detailed

investigation.

●如果当初把时间花在做一番详细的调查上，收获就会更大。

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●You could believe that I have worked that moment over and over again, in a sad

attempt to send time back and resolve the event in a less tragic way. (N. Rigg)

●真的，我一次又一次地回忆当时的情景，带着忧伤的心情，想把时间倒转回去，以求用

一种不那么悲惨的方式来处理这个意外情况。

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● Picking Out of Phrases (拆译短语)

●In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colours.

●门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有十二把，五颜六色，大小不一。

●I waited in growing impatience to get on my way, not for one minute but for quite

a considerable time. (W. Gallacher: Revolt on the Clyde)

●我等着要上路，越等越不耐烦，哪里是等一会儿，一等就是老半天。

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●Thunderstorms in spring and summer often come with intensity great enough to

cause flash-flooding.

●春夏两季，雷雨交加，猛烈异常，往往顷刻之间，暴雨成灾。

●

●Franklin Roosevelt listened with bright-eyed smiling attention, saying nothing,

and applauding heartily with the rest. (The Winds of War)

●弗兰克林?罗斯福目光炯炯，含笑倾听，一言未发，然后与其他人一道，报以热烈的掌

声。

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●This is an intelligently organized and fervent meeting in a packed Town Hall,

with Mr. Strong in the chair.

●这是一次精心组织起来的会议。市政厅里挤满了人，热情洋溢，主持会议的斯特朗先生。

●The sharp divergence of opinion in the General Assembly makes it difficult to

adopt a meaning resolution.

●联合国大会上意见分歧很大，以致难以通过一项有意义的决议

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●Nothing seems to be too much for your people to make our stay here comfortable

and enjoyable and our work smooth and effective.

●为了使我们在这里逗留期间感到舒适又愉快，为了使我们的工作进行得顺利而有成效，

贵国人民似乎是不惜一切的。

●The present onslaught of vehicles pose a serious threat to urban life and

pedestrian peace of mind.

●当前，车辆横冲直闯，严重威胁着城市生活，路上行人无不提心吊胆。

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●Mr. Lodge was in an ambiguous position in Saigon as a possible Republican

presidential candidate representing a Democratic administration.

●当时洛奇先生在西贡的地位不明确。他可能成为共和党总统候选人，但是他代表的却是

民主党政府。

●From the above observation, the conclusion to be drawn is that orogeny is

preceded by the development of a deep basin of exceptionally thick accumulation of sedimentary materials.

●从以上的观察可以得出结论，造山运动之前就形成了一个很深的盆地，其中堆积了巨厚

的沉积物质。

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●They were forced to put forward an alternative of separate development for all

races in these so-called homelands with a promise of eventual independence for the Africans in these areas.

●他们不得不变换花样，提出所有种族在自己的所谓本土上分别发展的办法，并许诺非洲

人最终在这些地区获得独立。

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●Splitting of Complex Sentences (Attributive Clause) (拆译复合句）

●In 1884, a large group of nations held a conference in Washington, D. C., and

established Standard Time, which was based on solar time as figured at the Royal Observatory of Greenwich, England.

●1884年，许多国家在美国首都华盛顿举行会议，定出了“标准时间”。这是按照英国格

林威治皇家天文台计算出来的太阳时间。

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●Now the integrated circuit has reduced by many times the size of the computer

of which it forms a part, thus creating a new generation of portable

minicomputers.

●现在的集成电路成了计算机的组成部分，使计算机的体积大大缩小，从而产生了新一代

的袖珍式微型计算机。

●The draft resolution, carefully drafted in moderate terms, which, despite its

flaws, we shall support, is primarily an appeal.

●这项决议草案，精心草拟，措词温和，首先是一种呼吁。尽管它有缺点，我们还要支持。

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●On behalf of all of our American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable

hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.

(Toasts by President Nixon at the banquet Given by Premier Zhou Enlai, Feb. 21, 1972)

●我谨代表你们的所有美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们的无可比拟的盛情款待。中国

人民以这种盛情款待而闻名于世。

●Bright sunshine flooded the street where a group of boys in Sunday clothes were

playing ball. (A. Waltz: Sunday Morning on Twentieth Street)

●大街上阳光灿烂。一群穿着假日服装的孩子正在街上玩球。

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●In the course of decay of the vegetable and animal matter in toe soil, various

acids and gases are formed which help to decompose the rock particles and other compounds needed for the plant foods.

●动植物在泥土里腐烂的过程中，形成各种酸和气体。这些酸和气体有助于分解岩石粒和

其他化合物，以供植物作养料。

●Tradition has it that island-city was founded in A. D. 451 when a coast-dwelling

people called the Venetti fled across the lagoon before advancing Hun barbarians.

(C. Lucas: A Valentine for Venice)

●传说这座岛城是在公元451年建立的。那时候，野蛮的匈奴人步步逼近，居住在沿岸的

那些被称为威尼替的民族，在匈奴人来到之前就逃过了环礁湖。

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●III. Classroom Exercises and Comment

●IV. Comment on the After-Class Exercise

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●It’s not the turkey alone we’re grateful for. Not the cranberry sauce or the

stuffing or even the pumpkin pie. Some of the people seated at the table are strangers—friends of friends, cousins of in-laws—and some are almost

desperately familiar, faces we live and work with every day.

●不单是因为有火鸡我们才感恩，也不是因为有红梅果酱、火鸡馅料，甚至不是因为有南

瓜派。餐桌上就座的人有些是陌生人，是朋友的朋友，亲戚的亲戚，有些则是熟得不能再熟的人，一起生活的家人，一块儿工作的同事。

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●In any other week, today would merely be Thursday and the gathering of all these

people—the cooking and serving and cleaning—a chore. But today it doesn’t feel that way.

●要是一年中其他时候，周四也就是个普通的周四，这么一群人聚在一起，少不了要做饭

上菜、清洗杯盘，麻烦是难免的。可今天不同，今天我们并不感到麻烦。

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● The host—perhaps it’s you—stands up and asks that we give thanks, and we

do, each in our own way. And what we’re thankful for is simply this, the food, the shelter, the company and, above all, the sense of belonging.

●主人（也许正是你）站起身来，邀大家感恩，也就是因为有饭吃，有房住，有人陪伴，

更重要的是有那份归属感。

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●As holidays go, Thanksgiving is in some ways the most philosophical. Today we

try not to take for granted the things we almost always take for granted. We try if only in that brief pause before the eating begins, to see through the well-worn patterns of our lives to what lies behind them.

●在众多的假日中，感恩节可以说是最令人深思的节日。今天我们会把平时习以为常的东

西看得很珍贵。怎么至少会在吃饭前的片刻，看透那一成不变的生活，悟出背后的道理。

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●In other words, we try to understand how very rich we are, whether we feel very

rich or not. Today is one of the few times most Americans consciously set desire

aside, if only because desire is incompatible with the gratitude—not to mention the abundance—that Thanksgiving summons.

●换句话说，无论我们觉得自己是贫是富，我们总是尽力把自己看得十分富有。今天是美

国人难得有意识地将欲望搁置一旁的日子，这至少是因为今天我们有一颗感恩的心，更不用说还有一桌丰盛的菜肴，欲望此时光临便显得格格不入。

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●It’s tempting to think that one Thanksgiving is pretty much like another, except

for differences in the guest list and the recipes. But it isn’t true. This is always a feast about where we are now. Thanksgiving reflects the complexion of the year we’re in.

●人们不禁会觉得，除了宾客不同，菜式翻新，感恩节还是年年依旧。其实不然。感恩节

这一餐总是关乎到我们的处境，反映出一年的年景。

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●Some years it feels buoyant, almost jubilant in nature. Other years it seems

marked by a conspicuous humility uncommon in the calendar of American emotions.

●有些年的感恩节我们心情愉悦，几乎是喜气洋洋，但有些年头我们却把感恩节过得相当

低调，不敢骄傲，这并不是美国人惯有的情绪。

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●And this year? We will probably remember this Thanksgiving as a banquet of mixed

emotions. This is, after all, a profoundly American holiday. The undertow of business as usual seems especially strong this year.

●那么今年呢？日后若想起今年这个感恩节，我们也许会记得，这一餐吃得五味杂陈。这

毕竟是一个深具美国特色的节庆之日。但一切如旧的现状对美国人造成的影响在今年似乎特别大。

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● The shadow of a war and misgivings over the future loom in the minds of many

of us. Most years we enjoy the privacy of Thanksgiving, but this year, somehow, the holiday feels like part of a public effort to remember and reclaim for ourselves what it means to be American.

●战争的阴影，对未来的担忧，一直盘踞在我们许多人的脑海中。感恩节对我们一般与至

亲好友在一起，感受那种其乐融融的气氛。可是今年，我们似乎要借感恩节与国人一起重温身为美国人的意义，重拾美国的精神。

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●That means giving thanks for some fundamental principles that should be honored

every day of the year in the life of this nation—principles of generosity, tolerance and inclusion. This is a feast that no one should be turned away from.

●这就意味着，我们要能为一些基本的原则而感恩，一些这个国家的生活中每日应该尊崇

的原则，也就是慷慨、容忍、包容的原则。所以这一餐是来者不拒。

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●The abundance of the food piled on the table should signify that there is plenty

for all, plenty to be shared. The welcome we feel makes sense only if we also extend it to others. (The New York Times, November 25, 2004)

●桌上菜肴如此丰盛，足够我们丰年留客，有福同享。我们感受的节日温馨，只有与他人

分享才合乎情理。（纽约时报.感恩节寄语. 叶子南译.）

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人事部CATTI三级口译实务考试出题规律

人事部CATTI三级口译实务考试出题规律规律1：对话部分考社会热点内容，多与中西方文化交流有关真题倒排： 2006年11月外国人看中国文化 2006年5月伦敦文化和中国春节 2005年11月姚明在美国NBA 2005年5月中国人和外国人对麦当劳不同的看法 2004年11月新一代居民身份证 2004年5月上海和上海世博会 2003年11月讨论世界地球日复习建议：这部分考试难度最低，不是考翻译，而是考察的学生的基本听力和口语的能力。这20分是学生必须要抢的20分。复习时要紧紧扣住热门词汇和近期热门话题，对于中国和英美一些特有的背景词汇要特别突击一下，比如这次考试出现的中国"古钱"，上次考试出现的"春联"，和更早考试出现的"麦当劳"。考试根源：中西方文化交流和冲突，以及社会关注的热点话题是一名外事工作者，在中低层次的口译工作中必然面临的工作内容，这就是以实用为原则的人事部考试出这种题材的原因。规律2：英译汉部分考大会发言，多为大会的基调发言。真题倒排：

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CATTI三级笔译综合能力真题及答案解析word版本

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2011年5月及历年人事部CATTI三级口译真题回忆及感想

两点，考完实务，刚回到宿舍，有点小兴奋，没睡着觉。想着，趁着思维还活跃，来回顾一下真题，跟大家分享。上午，十点到十一点，《口译综合》部分： 1.判断题：是关于战争对伊拉克对人民生活，心理等的影响。题目不难，但有些选项很有迷惑性，而且不是每题的选项内容跟着录音走的，有时候可能会跳跃，所以大家听之前要纵观题目内容，心里有个底。 2.单句理解。各种话题都有，比一般听力理解要难，比平时练习也难一些，会涉及到一些谚语俗语的理解，很短，比如“man in the street" 就不能理解为"the man standing in the street"，类似的有好几个，都有点迷惑人，另外还有出现出生时间与年岁间换算，不过这种大家应该见得比较多。总之，出题总会有些拐弯抹角，来设置陷阱。 3.篇章理解。说实话，比我想象中的难。老师总说过综合没什么问题，因而轻视了，也没怎么练习。同样跳跃性大，选项内容4要纵观全文来判断，这样也就增加了难度。 4.填空。内容是经济类。我没具体看，只管填词了。速度快，笔记也要快。 5.听力复述。关于北极熊是濒临物种，涉及到全球变暖的原因，以及保护工作什么的。这部分我没做好。后来有点敢，怕时间不够去涂卡，结果半途回来接着写复述，笔记都不太看的懂了，囧，希望老天保佑，阅卷人大慈大悲，给我多点分。。。下午，一点半到两点，《口译实务》部分：这是我们大家最怕，最担心的部分了，也是平时练习的重点，过不过关键在此了。补充，这次考试，有英音有美英，这对我平时只听美英的人来说，有点加大难度了。 1.对话部分：是关于四川菜的，还行，挺口语化的，虽然涉及到菜系说法，但都很浅显，没有考很深。词也比较基础。 2.英译汉：关于地球熄灯一小时计划的。涉及到一些城市名与著名景点地，比如纽约的帝国大厦，巴黎的埃菲尔铁搭。这个平时看关于这个的中文新闻也会提到的，什么世界各地啊哪儿哪儿的都参与熄灯计划中，为保护我们共同的地球而努力之类的话。所以可以算比较简单了。 3。汉译英：中文与汉字。这个有点出乎意料，我以为会是某个演讲讲话，什么中国外交关系呢，因为以前大都这样。出现的词有些也不好翻，什么“象形文字”“表意文字”之类的，当时一瞬间很难想出合适的表达。平时练习，还是广泛涉猎各种话题吧，有些人说梅德明编的三口那个教材不太实用，我觉得不是，你要是把那书中的话题词汇都啃熟了，考试就容易多了，我估计这次汉字的可能书上就有类似的，菜系书上是有的。学的多，总会是有好处的。

2015-2016年CATTI三级笔译实务真题和答案(4套)

2015 年5月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷 Section1 For generations, coal has been the lifeblood of this mineral-rich stretch of eastern Utah. Mining families proudly recall all the years they toiled underground. Supply companies line the town streets. Above the road that winds toward the mines, a soot-smudged miner peers out from a billboard with the slogan “Coal = Jobs.” 对这个地处犹他州东部、矿产丰富的地区而言，煤炭在过去几代人的眼里一直都是这个地区的生命线/经济命脉。每当回忆起作为矿工在地下采煤的岁月时，每个家庭都会感到无比自豪。大街的煤炭供应公司栉比鳞次/鳞次栉比。在蜿蜒通向矿区的马路上方，可见一处广告牌，上面除了有句“煤炭=工作”的口号，还有位满身烟灰的矿工正凝视着前方。 But recently, fear has settled in. The state’s oldest coal-fired power plant, tucked among the canyons near town, is set to close, a result of new, stricter federal pollution regulations. 但是最近，人们开始担忧起来。由于新的联邦污染防治法规更加严格，位于县郊（译者注：根据本文倒数第二段该地区实为卡本县，这里的town指的就是卡本县，所以此处译为县郊。）峡谷之中的犹他州历史最久的燃煤电厂即将关闭。 As energy companies tack away from coal, toward cleaner, cheaper natural gas, people here have grown increasingly afraid that their community may soon slip away. Dozens of workers at the facility here, the Carbon Power Plant, have learned that they must retire early or seek other jobs. Local trucking and equipment outfits are preparing to take business elsewhere. 由于能源公司摒弃煤炭转而发展更加清洁、更加廉价的天然气，这里的人们越来越担心他们的家园可能很快就会悄然消失/不复存在。卡本电厂（Carbon Power Plant）的几十号工人已得知，他们必须提前退休或另谋职业。当地的卡车运输和装备人员正准备到其他地方去发展业务。“There are a lot of people worried,” said Kyle Davis, who has been employed at the plant since he was 18. Mr. Davis, 56, worked his way up from sweeping floors to managing operations at the plant, w hose furnaces have been burning since 1954. “I would have liked to be here for another five years,” he said. “I’m too young to retire.” 凯尔·戴维斯（Kyle Davis）自18岁起就一直在这家电厂工作，他说：“许多人现在都忧心忡忡。”该公司自1954年成立以来，运转至今，从未间断。现年56岁的戴维斯先生在该公司从清扫工人一路做到负责公司运营的高管职位。他说道：“我本想在公司再干五年的，毕竟现在退休还太年轻。” But Rocky Mountain Power, the utility that operates the plant, has determined that it would be too expensive to retrofit the aging plant to meet new federal standards on mercury emissions. The plant is scheduled to be shut by Ap ril 2015.“We had been working for the better part of three years, testing compliance strategies,” said David Eskelsen, a spokesman for the utility. “None of the ones we investigated really would produce the results that would meet the requirements.” 但是目前负责运营卡本电厂的落基山电力公司（Rocky Mountain Power）已决定，如果为了达到有关汞排放量的新联邦标准而对该电厂的老旧设备进行翻新改造，代价过高，并不可行。该电

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