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南师专转本英语高频词汇辨析

南师专转本英语高频词汇辨析
南师专转本英语高频词汇辨析

08南师专转本英语高频词汇辨析(100组)

动词

1. abandon desert discard quit

abandon: 放弃,丢弃,抛弃。指因为外界的压力或影响完全放弃,因迫不得已而放弃,如: abandon obligation放弃任务。

desert: 抛弃,舍弃,指某人或某物在困境中“被抛弃”。如: desert the baby after giving birth 生下婴儿后将其抛弃。

discard: 丢弃,抛弃(老朋友或旧物)。如:discard one’s old friends 抛弃老朋友。

quit: 离开,退出,突然放弃。指主动放弃或离开。如: quit one’s job 辞职。

2. abolish cancel remove eliminate

abolish: 废除,强调对法律或旧习惯的废除。如: abolish slavery 废除奴隶制。

cancel: 取消,强调对原定的会议、计划、安排等取消。如: cancel the meeting 取消会议。

remove: 出去,撤去。强调位臵的移动或从远处消失。如: remove the stain from clothes 清除衣服上的污渍。

eliminate: 除去,剔除,淘汰。强调使彻底消失。如: eliminate sb. From competition 把某人淘汰出局,eliminate poverty 消除贫困

3. abuse curse condemn criticize

abuse: 谩骂,辱骂;滥用,虐待。指出口恶言骂人。

curse: 诅咒,咒骂。表示愤怒或嫉恨。

condemn: 谴责,强调由于不良行为或过失而受到强烈谴责。用于正式、严肃的场合。

criticize: 批评某人,强调指出某人的错误或不足之处。

4. accelerate speed hasten quicken

accelerate: 加速,既可指使物体加快速度运动,也可指使事情进程加快。如:accelerate the economic growth 加快经济增长的速度。

speed: 加速,指事物快速运动。

hasten: 赶快,催促。指急忙地做某事。

quicken: 加快。指富有生机地将动作在更短的时间内完成。

5. accumulate assemble collect gather

accumulate: 积累,积聚。指有规则地、逐渐地=不断地大量积聚(知识、财富等)。如:accumulate wealth 积聚财富。

collect: 收集,指有选择地为了爱好而收集。如:collect coins 收集硬币。

gather: 聚集,集合。指将分散的人或东西集结到一起。如:gather flowers 采集花朵。

6. accuse charge scold blame

accuse: 指控,指责。当面指控或指责,不一定诉诸法律。搭配为:accuse sb. of doing sth. 。

charge: 控告,控诉,因犯较大错误或重大罪行进行法律控诉。搭配为:charge sb. with sth. 。

scold: (愤怒地)责骂,训斥,谩骂。搭配为:scold sb. for sth. 。

blame: 责备,指责,责怪。搭配为:blame sb. for sth.或blame sth. on sb. 。

7. achieve accomplish complete finish

achieve: 达成,完成。指借努力而获得一定成就。

accomplish: 完成,指成功地完成了任务或目标。

complete: 完成,指圆满地完成了一项工程或作品等。

finish: 完成,指“结束,使完结”,尤指日常事情的完成。

8. acknowledge admit confess recognize

acknowledge: 承认,指“公开承认”事情的真实性,常用于过去隐瞒或否认之事。

admit: 承认,指在外界压力、证据下不得不承认,含有“不情愿”之意。

confess: 坦白,供认,忏悔。指带有严肃色彩地承认过错或罪恶,含有“忏悔、坦白”之意。

recognize: 承认,认出。正式用词,指“承认...的合法性、真实性”等。

9. acquire attain gain obtain

acquire: 获得,习得。指持续地、慢慢地获得,多用于通过学习而获得知识、技能、语言等。

attain: 获得,达到。指经过相当长的时间或很大努力而得到期望已久的东西。

gain: 赢得,指通过相当的努力或拼搏得到有价值的东西。

obtain: 获得,得到。指凭借努力或恳求得到急需的很想得到的东西。

10. adapt adjust regulate coordinate

adapt: 使适应,使适合。指修改或改变以适应新环境。搭配为:adapt to sth. 如:adapt to the climate 适应气候。

adjust: 调整,对准。指稍作调整以完全符合或适应,语气比adapt弱。搭配为:adjust to sth. 如:adjust to the heat of his country 使适应这个国家的炎热天气。Adjust 后接具体事物时则表示“调节,调整”。如:adjust a camera 调相机。

regulate: 调节,调整;以规章制度控制管理。指按所需规律进行调整从而使事物保持正常状态。如:regulate traffic 管理交通。

coordinate: 协调,调节。强调使(各部分、肢体等)协调,或协调动作。如:coordinate the function of government 协调政府的作用。

11. advise persuade convince prevail

advise: 劝告,忠告,建议。可作及物动词或不及物动词。

persuade:说服,劝服。具有“被说明”的意思。

convince: 使相信,说服。后跟介词of,或接that从句。指使某人相信或说服某人而产生共识。Prevail: 劝导,引诱,劝说。指劝说某人去做某事,后接介词on或动词不定式短语。

12. alter convert transform shift

alter: 修改,变动。指局部的、表面的小变化。如:alter a suit 改动衣服的尺寸。

convert: 使改变,转变。指从一种形式、用途等转变为另一种。如:convert forests into farmlands 把森林变成耕地。

transform: 使变形,使改观。指事物在形状上的变化。如:transform the society 改变社会。

shift: 强调位臵、地点、方向上的变化。如:shift one’s position 改变立场。

13. announce declare proclaim claim

announce: 宣布,发布。强调第一次“宣布,公开声明”,指宣布公众期望或与众有关的事情,如书籍的出版,物品的发售,人的死亡、结婚、暴风雨和微机的来临等。

declare: 宣布,宣告。指正式,负责的“宣布、声明”战争、和平、中立、意见、结果等。

proclaim: 公布,声明。指权利机关或政府领导在公共或正式场合向广大群众宣布重大事件,如公布政策、法令、戒严、计划等。

claim: 声称,主张,要求。指自称如何或提出某种要求。

14. anticipate expect hope await

anticipate: 预料,期望。强调事先有准备的。指以恐惧或高兴的心情等待着所期望或猜想的事情发生。

expect: 预料,指望,期待。指有一定根据地盼望某事会发生或某人回来。

hope: 希望,期望。指热切期望并对获得所期待之物的可能性方面有一定的信心。

await: 期待,等候。指满怀期望地等待,暗含肯定性。

15. appeal attract fascinate tempt

appeal: 吸引,迷住。搭配为:appeal to sb. 既可指感官上的吸引,也可指情感或理智上吸引。

attract: 吸引,引起...的注意。强调引起冲动或引起兴趣。如:attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意。

fascinate: 使...着迷。指强烈的吸引,所表达的程度比本组内其他词更深。

tempt: 吸引,吸引...的兴趣。指用诱人的条件使某人做某事。

16. appreciate enjoy relish cherish

appreciate: 欣赏,赏识,重视。指通过理解和鉴别事情的能力来充分欣赏该事物。

enjoy: 欣赏,享有,喜欢。指由于心理的满足而喜欢、享受某种乐趣或某种权利。

relish: 从...中得到乐趣,享受。尤指对食物的享受。

cherish: 珍视,珍爱。指珍爱某一意念或一种感情而将其善藏心中。

17. argue dispute quarrel debate

argue: 辩论,争论。指与某人争论,而某人是错误的,使对方信服你使正确的。

dispute: 辩论,争论,对......质疑。指怀疑,某事而进行激烈的争辩。

quarrel: 争吵,吵架。指大声争吵,埋怨对方无尽无休。

debate: 争辩,辩论。尤指再公共场合如集会或国会中所进行的辩论。

18. assure ensure insure reassure

assure: 使某人相信,向某人保证。搭配为:assure sb. of sth.或assure sb. that,如:assure safety of the operation 确保手术成功。

ensure: 保证,确保。常用于:ensure that...或ensure sth.(如:success, safety, supplies)句型。

insure: 保险,投保。搭配为:insure... against,如:insure one’s house against fire 给房子投保了火险。

reassure: 使安心,使放心。搭配为:reassure sb. about sth. 。

19. agree consent comply approve

agree: 同意,答应。指就做某事取得一致意见。与介词with连用,指同意某人、某方或某种见解。有时与介词to连用,指同意某事、赞成某一建议、计划、决定或办法。

consent: 同意。指答应某人已经提出或可能要你做的事。consent后接动词to或动词不定式。

comply: 同意。comply与consent同意comply后接动词to 。

approve: 赞成。日常用语,指某人、某事是正确的或令人满意的后接介词of 。

20. arise arouse rise raise

arise: 产生,出现,发生。强调事物产生的结果,主要用于问题、困难等不好的事情的产生、发生、出现,不及物动词。

arouse: 唤醒,引起,激起,指激起唤起某人的情感,常接anger, curiosity, fear, interest, sympathy, suspicion等体现感情、情绪、心理、态度之类的词。

rise: 升起,上升,上涨,不及物动词。

raise: 举起,提高,及物动词。

21. ban prohibit forbid restrain

ban: 禁止,查禁。强调由官方颁布命令或法令来禁止,语气最重。如:ban nuclear weapons禁止核武器。

prohibit: 禁止,阻止。正式用词,指官方以法律条文、文件等形式,在较大范围内禁止人们做某事。搭配为:prohibit sb. from doing sth. 。

forbid: 不许,禁止。常用词,多指某人提出要求直接禁止别人做某事。搭配为:forbid sb. to do sth. 。

restrain: 抑制,遏制,阻止。多指心理情绪方面。如:restrain one’s temper 控制脾气。搭配为:restrain sb. from doing sth. 。

22. build construct establish found

build: 建筑,建造。指建造具体有形的建筑物,也指建立制度、国家等。

construct: 建筑,建造,建立。指铁路、桥梁、道路等巨大的工程的修建。多用于书面语。

establish : 建立,设立,确定。指建立国家、政府、事业、关系、威信以及单位等。

found: 建立,设立,成立。指创立城市、机关、学校、教堂、寺院、医院等。

23. compel force oblige constrain

compel: 强迫,迫使。指由权利或不可抗拒的力量迫使某人做某事。搭配为:compel sb. to do sth. 。

force: 逼迫,指用武力、权利、压力强迫某人,有很强的暴力威胁意味。

oblige: 迫使。“逼迫”的意味很弱,指因承诺、道德、社会约束等使有必要做某事、不得不做某事。

constrain: 强制,胁迫。更侧重于内心的作用(如良心、追悔、怜悯等)。

24. compose consist comprise constitute

compose: 由...组成。表示某个整体由几个部分构成,通常采用be composed of 的搭配形式。

consist: 由...组成。也表示某个整体由几个部分构成,采用consist of夫人搭配形式。注意不用于被动句。

comprise: 包括,由...组成,及物动词。如:to comprise 50 states 包括50个州。

constitute: 构成,及物动词。表示由几个部分组成某个整体,多用于主动语态。如:seven days constitute a week 7天构成一个星期。

25. confirm prove justify verify

confirm: 证实,肯定,进一步确定。指证实已知的事实、原有的想法。如:confirm one’s reservation 确认预定。

prove: 证明。指通过经验或试验证明事务的确切性或原理的可靠性。如:prove sb.’s innocence 证明无罪。

justify: 证明...正当,证明...有理。如:justify the decision证明该决定的正确性。

verify: 证实,核实。主要指对事件的看待、核实、鉴定等。如:verify the figures of a report 核实报告中的数字。

26. confuse puzzle bewilder perplex

confuse: 使混乱,混淆。指心中纷乱的思绪使头脑变得混乱。搭配为:confuse..使迷惑,困惑。指复杂的事件或难题使人难以理解,迷惑失措。

bewilder: 迷惑,困惑。语气最重,指糊涂到了无法清醒思考的地步。

perplex: 困惑,难住。正式用语,除指某事难以理解外,还有疑虑不安,不知如何决定之意。

27. cure heal remedy treat

cure: 治疗,治愈。强调治愈疾病。

heal: 治愈,复原。多用于之治愈外伤或创伤。

remedy: 治疗,补救。多用于意义较广的克服缺点,消除令人不愉快的事等。

treat: 治疗。之治疗活动而不管是否治愈。

28. damage destroy ruin wreck

damage: 损坏,多用于物,指部分地损坏某一事物使其不能发挥正常作用。

destroy: 摧毁,彻底地毁灭。强调破坏方式有力、粗暴。

ruin: 毁坏,毁灭。强调受损后的结果,既可用于具体事物,也可用于抽象事物。如:ruin one’s hopes 毁坏了某人的希望。

wreck: 毁坏使遭难。一般指自然灾害所造成的车、船、房屋等的严重破坏。如:wreck one’s car 撞坏了某人的车。

29. decline refuse reject deny

decline: 拒绝,谢绝。指有礼貌地拒绝别人的邀请、帮忙或其他行为。

refuse: 拒绝。一般用语,指肯定地拒绝他人的要求,语气较强。如:refuse one’s bribe 拒绝贿赂。

reject: 拒绝,抵制。正式用语,强调当面拒绝所给之物、所请或所提议之事。如:reject one’s proposal 拒绝了某人的建议。

deny: 拒绝给予,否认。之拒绝承认相信、接受或给予某事物。如:deny one’s right。

30. decrease diminish lessen reduce

decrease: 减少,减小。指事物在数量上、程度上逐渐减少的过程。

diminish: 减小,使变弱、降低。指外因使数字或力量不断变小或变弱。

lessen: 减轻,减少。指减轻强度或减缓激烈程度。

reduce: 减少,缩减。既可指事物在数量上和程度上逐步减少,也可指人的地位、状况的下降。

31. demonstrate illustrate translate interpret

demonstrate: 说明,证实。指以表演、岩石等说明事物的运作原理。

illustrate: 说明,阐明。指用事例、插图、比较等具体方法或手段来说明某些事情。

translate: 翻译、解释、说明。指用语言把某种语言或符号对应的含义加以说明。

interpret: 解释、说明。语气较强,指以专门知识或特殊技能来阐明某些特别困难的事。

32. disregard ignore neglect overlook

disregard: 不理会(警告反对意见等),不重视,不表示“漠视”的意思。强调主观、有意地忽视或不予理睬等。如:disregard one’s warning 不理睬某人的警告。

ignore: 忽视。指故意不理睬,有故意臵之不理,不肯考虑的意思。

neglect: 忽视,疏忽。指对自己的职责、义务、家庭等没有给予应有的重视。如:neglect one’s duty 玩忽职守。

overlook: 漏看,忽略。指由于匆忙、粗心大意而忽略,尤指监督检查方面的遗漏。如:overlook a printing error 忽略一处印刷错误。

33. endeavor attempt try manage

endeavor: 设法,努力。强调付出极大努力,克服极大困难才取得成功。

attempt: 试图,企图。正式用语,多指可能失败的尝试。

try: 尽力做,设法做。常用语,指人用一切办法去做某事,也可指努力去尝试。

manage: 设法做。多指努力或尝试争取好的结果。

34. endure bear stand tolerate

endure: 忍受,忍耐。正式用语。着重强调忍受的持久性。如:endure pain 忍受痛苦。

bear: 忍受。泛指忍受各种程度不同的痛苦或不快、烦恼等。

stand: 忍受,忍耐。多用于否定句。

tolerate: 容忍,忍受。语气较弱,所容忍的事物一般不会带来极大的痛苦。如:tolerate one’s rudeness 容忍某人的粗鲁。

35. expose disclose reveal uncover

expose: 暴露,揭露。指揭露坏人坏事、阴谋等,也指具体事物的外露。如:expose one’s crime 揭露某人的罪行。

disclose: 揭发,揭示。指原来不为人知的事情公布出来。常指透露新闻或秘密。

reveal: 揭露,暴露。指把某人隐蔽的事物,如缺点、问题等揭露出来,有无意暴露或自行暴露之意。如:reveal the truth揭示真相。

uncover:揭开,揭露,发现。如:uncover the whole plot 揭露了整个阴谋。

36. extend expand stretch widen

extend: 延伸,扩大。指由于某种原因而使长度、宽度、期望、意义、影响等都超过目前的范围。如:extend the meeting将会期延长。

expand: 扩大,展开,使膨胀。指各个方面的扩张或体积上的扩大。如:expand one’s knowledge 扩大知识面。

stretch: 拉伸,延长,伸展。指由短变长,由曲变直的伸展。如:stretch one’s neck 伸长脖子。

widen: 扩大,加宽。指在平面上横向加大。如:widen one’s horizon 拓宽视野。

37. evaluate estimate reckon appraise

evaluate: 评价,估计。强调评定人或物的价值。如:evaluate property 给财产估价。

estimate: 估计,判断,评价。指人根据自己的知识、经验或认识对某事进行大致估计评价,估计结果也许是不正确的。

reckon: 计算,算出,估计,推断。指算出数量、成本等,也指估计、推断某事的大致数量。

appraise: 估计,估价,评价。强调专家的意见,估计的结果是正确的,不容怀疑的。

38. foster adopt cultivate nurture

foster: 收养,认养。表示收养、认养的含义时,侧重养育,而不强调法律程序或效力。

adopt: 收养。指履行了法律程序后的收养,具有法律效力。

cultivate: 耕作,栽培;培养,陶冶。如:cultivate one’s mind 陶冶心性。

nurture: 养育,滋养。指花大量时间和精力培养,养育。

39. furnish equip supply provide

furnish: 供应,装备。指喂某人提供精神或生活上的必需品,以满足其需要。如:furnish the mind with knowledge 用知识充实大脑。

equip: 装备,供给。指为某种工作需要而大量准备必不可少的人力、设备和知识等。如:equip the child with a good education 为孩子提供了良好的教育。

supply: 供给,提供。强调连续不断地向某人或某地提供缺少的或必不可少的商品。如:supply the market with goods 向市场供货。

provide: 供给,提供,指免费提供某人所需的东西。常用作:provide sb. with sth. 向某人提供某物。

40. kill murder massacre slaughter

kill: 杀死,杀害。普通用词,泛指杀死人动物植物,不带明显的感情色彩。

murder: 谋杀。指用非法手段杀害某人。

massacre: 大屠杀。尤指屠杀手无寸铁,毫无防御能力的人群。

slaughter: 屠杀,屠宰。与massacre同意。

41. limit restrict confine refrain

limit: 限制,限定。指在规定的标准或界限内不准超过。如:limit the spending 限制开支。

restrict: 限制,约束。指行为、活动受到客观条件制约,因而确定地限于一定范围内,常与“to”连用。如restrict the number of students 限制学生人数。

confine: 限制,禁闭。指将某人某物严格限制在规定范围内,无活动自由,含有“束缚、阻止、禁闭”之意。如be confined to the house by illness 受病的限制不能出门。

refrain: 抑止,忍住,制止。指抑制冲动,自动地不做那些想做或愿意做的事,与“from”连用。

42. picture imagine fancy conceive

picture: 设想,描绘。多指具体事物在脑中形成生动图像。

imagine: 想象。指根据所见所知的事物产生一种新的创造的思想或事物。强调合理的、有创造的、具有一定现实基础的想象。

fancy: 幻想。指根据自己的想象凭空虚构不可信之物。

conceive: 想象,构思。指经过思考和酝酿想出办法或思路,常与“of”搭配。

43. predict foretell forecast foresee

predict: 预言,预示。指超前说出发生的事件。如:predict the future 预测未来。

foretell: 预言,预测。指预言将要出现的事物。

forecast: 预言,预测。指预报天气,也指对可能发生的事情进行事先预测。

foresee: 先知,预知。指事先预料到要发生某事。如:foresee trouble in the work 料到在工作中会遇到麻烦。

44. preserve conserve reserve deserve

preserve: 保护,保存。指安全地保藏或贮存水果、蔬菜、蛋类等。如:preserve food 保存食物。

conserve: 保存,保护。尤指对自然资源的保护,避免浪费。如:conserve forest 保护森林。

reserve: 保留,留存,贮留。如:reserve a table 预定餐桌。

deserve: 应受到,值得。如:deserve punishment 应该受罚。

45. pursue follow chase seek

pursue: 追逐,追求。指某人为某一目标全力以赴去奋斗。如:pursue happiness 追求幸福。

follow: 跟随,跟在后。普通用词,指继之而来。如:May follow April 。5月在4月之后。

chase: 追逐。指追赶某物将其驱赶出去。如:chase the dog out of the garden 把狗赶出花园。

seek: 寻找,追求;征求(意见),请求(帮助)。如:seek one’s fame 追求名声。

46. remember recall remind memorize

remember: 记得,记住。指记住某事,不至于忘记,或某事物自觉不自觉地在脑海中闪现。

recall: 回忆,回想。指自愿地对过去进行回想或追忆。搭配为:recall sth. to sb. 。

remind: 提醒,使想起。指某事物的出现使某人又想起或联想到某事物。搭配为:remind sb. of sth. 。

memorize: 记忆,默记。指有目的地记忆一些东西的内容。

47. respect admire adore worship

respect: 尊重,指对人的行为、品德、才华、成就等的仰慕、尊重。

admire: 钦佩,赞赏。普通用语,指对优秀人物的崇敬、钦佩,并含有欣赏、爱慕之情,也可指对美好事物的欣赏、赞美。

adore: 崇拜。多用于诗歌中。在现代英语中,表示敬爱、敬意。

worship: 崇拜,敬仰。本词有浓厚宗教色彩。指怀有虔诚崇敬的感情,所崇拜的对象往往可望不可及

48. shrink contract compress condense

shrink: 收缩,退缩。指某物变小或使某物缩小。尤指布浸水之后收缩。

contract: 使收缩。常用词,指某事物在一定条件下(如遇冷、遇水等)收缩、缩紧等。

compress: 压缩,浓缩。指通过积压使事物变小,使文章压缩变得简练等。

condense: 浓缩,凝缩。指人们将某物压缩变小、变浓、变简洁。

49. stop cease halt pause

stop: 停止。一般用语。指活动停止。

cease: 停止,终止。正式用语。指活动或状态逐渐停止。如:cease fire 停火。

halt: 停住,停止。指运动、行进中突然、果断而有力地停止。

pause: 暂停,中止。指暂时停止,含有再进行下去的意思。

50. use employ apply utilize

use: 使用。普通用语。指人们为达到目的利用某物做工具或手段,缩使用的东西可能使具体的,也可能使抽象的。

employ: 使用,用。正式用语。也与use家还使用。如:employ force 使用武力。

apply: 运用,使用。指把某物、某种方法或原理等加以应用。

utilize: 利用。正式用语。指将无用的东西或未开发的事物充分地、实际地利用起来,使之有新用途。如:utilize solar energy 利用太阳能。

名词

51. ability capacity capability potential

ability: 能力,才能。指某人做某事的能力和才干,特别指后天习得的才干和能力。

capacity: 能力,容量。用于人,指接受能力、理解力或全部能力的总和;用于物,指生产能力或容纳能力。

capability: 才能,天资。指先天赋予的在某方面的突出才能。

potential: 潜能,潜力。如:realize one’s potential 认识到自己的潜能。

52. accident incident event occurrence

accident: 事故。指意外发生的事故,如车祸,摔伤等。

incident: 事件,事变。指次要的事件,也指引起国际纠纷或战争的政治性事件。

event: 事件,时事。指历史上的重大事件。

occurrence:发生,事件。指偶然发生的事件,特别指普通的或家庭中的事件,如:an everyday occurrence 每天都发生的事。

53. affection emotion feeling passion

affection: 情感,爱。指对某人所怀有的美好的情感或爱、慈爱。

emotion: 情感,情绪。指强烈而且能感染人的情绪,如喜、怒、哀、乐等。

feeling: 感觉,情绪。指人对外界刺激表现出来的心里状态。如欢乐、忧愁等;有时指生理受到刺激而产生的感觉,如寒冷、疼痛等。

passion: 激情,热情。指强烈的感情,如愤怒,喜爱等。

54. appliance equipment instrument device

appliance: 器具,设备。指较小的器具,如电炉电风扇等电器。如:electrical appliances 电器。

equipment: 设备,装备。指成套的设备。

instrument: 仪器,器械。指精细工作或科学上所用的仪器。

device: 设备,装臵。指为专门用途而设计的小型器械。

55. base basis foundation root

base: 基地,基础。指某一事物的底部、基座等。还可指具体的基地。如:an industrial base 工业基地。

basis: 基础,根据。常用作比喻意义,表示抽象事物的基础、事实、根据等。如:on the basis of 以...为基础。

foundation: 基础。既可指具体有利的事物,也可指抽象事物,强调牢固稳定的基础。

root: 根,根本,根源。如:the root of evil 罪恶根源。

56. charge fare fee tuition

charge: 费用,价钱。指对接受服务者收取的费用。

fare: 车费,船费。指乘汽车、火车、飞机等的费用。

fee: 费用(如会费,手续费等)。接受别人服务应交的费用。

tuition: 学费。专指学业上影响学校定期缴纳的费用。

57. error fault blunder slip

error: 错误,差错。指偏离了正确标准、不符合规格等。如:errors in spelling 拼写错误。

fault: 缺点,过失。指人性格上的弱点和行动上的过失,强调责任由谁来承担。

blunder: 错误,大错。指由于无知或愚蠢而犯的较大的错误。

slip: 小错,疏忽,口误。指由于粗心大意而犯的小错。如:a slip of the pen 笔误。

58. frontier border boundary front line

frontier: 边境,边疆。指一个国家领土靠近边界线的部分,还可指尚待开发的领域。

border: 边界,边境。指沿两国边界的地区。

boundary: 边界,分界线。指两国或两地区之间的分界线。

front line: 前线,第一线。如:in the front line of the against disease 在与疾病斗争的第一线。

59. journey trip voyage excursion

journey: 旅行,指有目的的长途旅行,艰辛的陆上旅行。

trip: 旅行。一般指短途旅行游玩或出差。

voyage: 旅行。指乘船水路上图旅行,有时指空中或太空旅行。

excursion: 远足,短途旅行。指集体的娱乐性的短途旅行,当天可返回。

60. mark sign signal symbol

mark:标记,痕迹。指某物留下的清晰可见的印痕、先天固有的标记或为了便于识别而有意留下的标记。

sign:符号,标志。指简明而容易观察到的符号或标志,如路标、商店牌号等,也可指某种迹象或征兆。

signal: 信号。指在特定情况下用来发布命令,给以提示或警告的信号,如某种声音、光亮或行动。

symbol: 象征,符号。指作为象征或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物。

61. material stuff matter substance

material: 材料,物质。指组成物体的材料。

stuff: 原料,素材。指纺织品、饮料、药物等,也可指写文章所用到的原料和资料。

matter: 物质,物体。指占据一定空间,构成我们周围世界的物质材料的总称,与精神世界相对。

substance: 物质。指具体有形而可触及、可看到地事物或事物的本质和核心的东西。

62. meeting gathering assembly conference

meeting: 会议。常用词,指两个人或多人的任何会晤或会议。

gathering: 集会。指两人以上的集会、聚会,但多指非正式、无组织的聚会。

assembly: 集会,会议。指许多人参加的有组织、有计划的统一集会。

conference: 讨论会。指重大的为期数天的政治、军事或学术上的会议等。

63. misfortune disaster calamity catastrophe

misfortune: 不幸,厄运。普通用词,常用于重大事件,如商业上的损失,船的沉没等。

disaster:灾难,灾祸。指突然的或巨大的灾难,常伴随巨大的损失,如地震、洪水、火灾、破产等、

calamity: 大灾难。指影响广泛的、悲惨的灾难,常由自然的原因引起的,而不是人为的原因。

catastrophe: 大祸。指大灾难,异常的灾祸,语气最强。

64. occupation profession vocation employment

occupation: 职业,工作。指某人经常做的或训练有素的工作。强调包罗一切的职业,没有任何倾向性。

profession: 职业,工作。指必须接受过专门教育或训练,且具有某种专业知识的工作,如教师、律师、医生等行业。

vocation: 职业,多用于较高层次的文化人之间,也可指奉献性的职业,如教师和护理人员。

employment: 职业,工作。指为别人做工作而领取薪水的工作,含有“雇佣”之意。

65. offence crime sin guilt

offence: 有罪,犯罪,侮辱。指违背了法律。规章制度或做人的行为准则等。

crime: 罪行,罪恶。泛指犯罪,指违反法律应受到惩罚的行为,特别是刑事犯罪。

sin: 罪过,罪孽。原指人类祖先在创世之初犯下的“原罪”。

guilt: 犯罪,有罪。指违反道德或社会准则的不法行为,应予以承办,但需要有证据加以证明确实违法行为。

66. option choice alternative selection

option: 选择,选举权,选举自由。强调自由选择的权利。如:have no option 没有选择余地。

choice: 选择。指选择的机会。如:have no choice but to do sth. 除...外别无选择。

alternative: 取舍。强调在两者中任选其一。如;the alternative of leaving or staying 选择去留。

selection: 选择,挑选。主要指选择范围大,强调有鉴别的选择。如:make one’s selection 进行选择。

67. outcome result effect consequence

outcome: 结果。指竞赛或悬而未决的事的最后结局。如:the outcome of the election 大选的结果。

result: 结果,效果。可指好的或坏的结局。如:the result of the test 试验结果。

effect: 结果,效果。指由原因直接产生的结果。如:unforeseen effects 无法预见的后果。

consequence: 结果,后果。常指不良的后果。如:be responsible for the consequence 对后果负责。

68. scene scenery view sight

scene: 景色,场景,指具有一定特征的各种可见的景色,也常指事件或故事发生的地点。

scenery: 风景,景色。指某地的整个自然风景,事风景的总称。

view: 风景,景色。指从某一角度或某一距离看到的景色。

sight: 风景,名胜。指可供观看或游览的名胜风景。

69. surrounding environment circumstance atmosphere

surrounding: 环境,周围事物。常用作复数,指人、物或地方周围的物质。

environment: 环境。可指自然环境,也可指精神环境。如:protect the environment 保护环境。

circumstance: 环境,情况,形式。强调周边环境对某事物提供的条件或影响。如:in the circumstance 在这种情况下。

atmosphere: 氛围,环境。强调心理上感到的周围情况、环境、气氛。如:an atmosphere of peace 和平的气氛。

70. virtue merit feature characteristic

virtue: 美德,有点。指一个人身上所表现出来的优秀的品质特征。

merit: 长处,优点;功劳,业绩。强调某人具备而别人没有的特点,也可指某人在某方面取得的突出成绩。

feature: 特征,特色。指外表上能引起人们注意的明显特点或细节。

characteristic: 特点,特征,指某人或某物天生的有别于他人或他物的内在或外表特征。搭配为:be characteristic of 是...的典型特征。

71. way means method approach

way: 较常用,泛指任何方式方法,既可指具体方法,又可指抽象方法;既可指一般的方法,又可指个人独特的方式。

means: 指任何用来达到目的的东西,可指整套的行动、方法、策略、手段等,也可指器具、工具、机器等。

method: 指科学、系统、合乎逻辑的有效方法。

approach:指经过研究、探讨而获得的处理某个具体问题的方法,后接名词时要用介词to,正式用语。

其他

72. about almost nearly approximately

about: 大概,大约。指不能肯定某事确切发生的时间,不能肯定事情确切又多少,以及不能肯定距离有多远。

almost: 几乎,差不多。指想要表达的意思不是百分之百精确。almost强调“差一点”。

nearly: 几乎,差不多。Nearly通常表示“接近”的意思。

approximately: 大概,近乎。指或多或少知道某事、某人的情况。

73. active energetic vigorous dynamic

active: 活跃的。指大有进取心,行动积极,也指气氛热烈而活跃。

energetic: 有活力的,精力旺盛的。指人精力充沛,干劲儿大。

vigorous: 有力的,精力充沛的。强调有一种耗之不尽的活力,并充满了生气和精力。

dynamic: 有活力的,强有力的。如:a man of dynamic personalities 性格活跃的人。

74. accurate exact precise concise

accurate: 准确的,精确的。强调正确无误。如:an accurate account of the accident 对事故的准确报道。

exact: 准确的,确切的。强调质和量方面都分毫不差,与事实完全相符。如:the exact meaning of a word 某字的确切意义。

precise: 精确的,准确的。强调精密,完全吻合。如:a precise translation 准确的翻译。

concise: 简明的,简要的。如:a concise speech 简洁的演说。

75. actual genuine real true

actual: 实际的,真实的。强调某物是实有的,非理论中假定的。

genuine: 真正的,真实的。名副其实的。强调是真品,正宗,而非冒牌或伪造。

real: 真正的,实际的。指某物是客观上存在的,不是想象或伪造的。

true: 真的,真实的。指与事实、实际情况或标准相符合的,不是杜撰的。

76. adequate enough sufficient ample

adequate: 足够的,够用的。指数量和质量上已经达到标准或要求。

enough: 够用的,充足的。一般用语,指数量多到能够满足愿望或需求。

sufficient: 充分的,足够的。与enough同义,但更正式。

ample: 足够的。指不仅足够且超过所需求的数量。

77. artificial synthetic false fake

artificial: 人工的,假的。指仿效自然品所制的。引申为“做作的”,“不自然的”。如:artificial intelligence 人工智能。

synthetic: 人造的,假的。指在工厂或实验室通过化学处理而制作成的合成物质。

false: 假造的,假的。强调为了欺骗的目的,以假造的东西冒充真实的。如:a false passport 假护照。

fake: 假冒的,伪造的。指假冒伪劣的赝品,杜撰的故事或伪造的艺术品等。如:a fake picture 假画。

78. bare blank vacant hollow

bare: 光秃秃的,赤裸的。指缺少必须的遮盖物。通常指局部的裸露。如:bare foot 赤脚。

blank: 空白的。指某物表面上空无一物。如:a blank sheet of paper 一张白纸。

vacant: 空的,空缺的。指暂时无人居住或占据。如:a vacant position 空缺的职位。

hollow: 中空的。指中间空的。如:a hollow tree 中空的树。

79. careful cautious prudent wary

careful: 小心的,谨慎的。普通用词,指对在自己责任或工作范围内的事小心谨慎,以免犯错误。

cautious: 细心的,谨慎的。指小心、谨慎以避免可能发生的危险。如:a cautious driver 小心谨慎的司机。

prudent: 谨慎的;智虑的。强调小心谨慎,深谋远虑,着眼未来,暗示有好的判断能力。如:a prudent investor 谨慎的投资者。

wary: 小心翼翼的,周到的,警惕的。指因为对某事把握不大,或者担心出现危险和问题而小心谨慎,有提防的含义。如:keep a wary eye on sb. 小心看护某人。

80. casual informal random easy-going

casual: 随意的。所指的“随意”有“马虎、不认真、漫不经心”等含义。如:casual attitude 漫不经心的态度。

informal: 非正式的。强调“不拘礼节的,非正式的”等。如:informal talks非正式会谈。

random: 随便的。强调“无计划的,胡乱的,任意的”等。如:random thoughts 胡思乱想。

easy-going: 随和的。着重强调放松的、平静的、随和的等。如:an easy-going person 随和的人。

81. continual continuous constant consistent

continual: 不停的,频频的。表示时间上的时断时续。

continuous: 连续的,持续的。指时间上的连续不断。

constant: 不变的,始终如一的。指习惯性的重复。

consistent: 一贯的,一致的。如:a consistent policy 一贯的政策。

82. dead deadly deathly fatal

dead: 死的。强调状态,作定语或表语。

deadly: 致命的,危险的。指某物可能导致死亡。

deathly:像死一样的。为比喻用法,指某人或某物的状态像是死的。

fatal: 致命的,毁灭性的。强调事关生死,且死亡和毁灭的结果往往是不可挽回的。

83. dim ambiguous obscure vague

dim: 暗淡的,模糊的。指光线微弱而看不清。如:a dim light 昏暗的光线。

ambiguous: 含糊的,模棱两可的。指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清,难以理解或指不臵可否、模棱两可的态度。如:an ambiguous attitude 模棱两可的态度。

obscure: 费解的,晦涩的。指因复杂、深奥而晦涩难懂。如:an obscure poem 一首晦涩难解的诗。

vague: 不明确的,含糊的,暧昧的。指因言词笼统而不清或不明确,使人不能理解其意。如:vague instructions 笼统的指示。

84. dull monotonous boring tedious

dull: 乏味的,枯燥的。指缺乏多样性、吸引力、精力、乐趣等。如:dull lecture 乏味的讲座。

monotonous: 单调的。指千篇一律,单调,如节奏缺乏抑扬顿挫,嗓音没有高低轻重之分,只有一个音调等。

boring: 令人厌烦的。指因无趣而感到不满、厌烦、倦怠、无聊等,是对“枯燥事物的”一种反应。

tedious: 沉闷的,令人生厌的。尤指作品、演讲等冗长乏味。如:a tedious academic paper 一篇枯燥乏味的学术论文。

85. elaborate complex complicated sophisticated

elaborate: 复杂的,精细的。强调这种复杂是精密计划的、周密的。

complex: 复杂的。强调由于许多单个部分合成而变成的复杂。

complicated: 复杂的,难懂的。强调错综复杂,不易理解。

sophisticated: 精密的,尖端的。往往用于指器械的系统的复杂性和先进性。指人时,含有老于世故之意。

86. enormous immense vast tremendous

enormous: 广大的,巨大的。指体积、数量或程度极大,超出一半。如:an enormous difference 巨大的差异。

immense: 巨大的,无量的。指无边无际,非一般衡量标准能度量。常用于指立体形体或空间。

vast: 巨大的,庞大的。强调空间的广度、事物程度或范围很大。

tremendous: 巨大的,极大的。指出奇的或惊人的大。

87. evident apparent obvious distinct

evident: 明白的,明显的。强调可能因有证据、经验或事实的存在而显然无疑。

apparent: 明显的,显而易见的。指一目了然,在表面上摆着,因而很明显。

obvious: 明显的,显而易见的。语气较强,指人人都能看清楚,一望便知,无需说明或解释。

distinct: 明显的,清晰的,不模糊的。指使人容易听清或看清的。

88. financial economic economical monetary

financial: 金融的,财政的。指与金钱、财力有关的经济。

economic: 经济的。指与政治并称的经济。

economical: 经济的,节俭的。指与节约同义的经济,着重节省。

monetary: 金钱的,货币的。

89. heroic brave courageous bold

heroic: 英雄(般)的,史诗般的。指表现出异常的勇气,冒生命危险去做正义的事业或挽救他人的生命。如:the heroic deeds 英雄事迹。

brave: 勇敢的,无畏的。指面对危险却很自信、果敢。是普通用词。

courageous: 勇敢的,英勇的,无畏的。指带有牢固的道德信念而产生的坚毅果敢。

bold: 无畏的,勇敢的,大胆的。指带有冒险性的勇敢。

90. identical same similar alike

identical: 相同的,相等的。表示两个事物完全一样。

same: 相同的,一样的。指两个或多个人或物有相同之处。

similar: 相仿的,相似的。指事物之间存在着共同之处或类似之处,但不一定是一摸一样的。

alike: 相同的,相象的。指有某种关系而相象,用作表语。

91. imaginative imaginable imaginary fanciful

imaginative: 富于想象力的,爱想象的。如:an imaginative musician 富有想象力的音乐家。

imaginable: 可想象的,想象得到的。

imaginary: 想象中的,虚构的。如:an imaginary character 一个虚构的人物。

fanciful: 富于幻想的。

92. modern current present contemporary

modern: 现代的,近代的。指新产生的,合乎时代或时尚要求的。

current: 现代的,当前的。指目前正在发生和存在的。

present: 目前的,现在的。着重指此时此地。

contemporary: 现代的。指现在发生或存在于同时期中的。

93. particular special peculiar specific

particular: 特殊的,特别的。指在同类事物中有其独特的性质。

special: 特殊的,专门的。强调事物在质量上、特性上的特殊性或与众不同,需要特别对待。

peculiar: 独特的,特有的。强调个体所独自具备的,别人没有,常与“to”连用。

specific: 特定的,特有的,明确具体的。强调某物所具有的明确的、显而易见的特征。

94. presently currently immediately instantly

presently: 不久,即刻。指不就、即将之意。

currently: 眼前,当前。指此刻正在做某事。

immediately: 立刻,即刻。指立即,中间没有明显可察觉的时间间隔。

instantly: 立即,立刻。指恰在此刻,一秒钟也没有耽搁。

95. principal chief major leading

principal: 主要的,首要的,重要的。指在重要性的顺序上处于最高的。如:the principal aspect of a contradiction 矛盾的主要方面。

chief: 主要的,最重要的。多指等级最高的人或事,暗含其他人或事均处于从属地位之意。如:a chief engineer in the construction 这项建设中的总工程师。

major: 较大的,较重要的。指两个(部分)中比较大的或比较重要的、两兄弟中较年长的。如:one of the major industries 主要工业之一。

leading: 主要的,最重要的。指影响事物发生变化起主导或关键作用的。

96. respectable respectful respected respective

respectable: 可敬的,应受尊敬的。指具有让别人尊敬的品质。

respectful: 尊重人的,恭敬的。指对别人充满敬意,是主动性地尊敬他人。

respected: 受尊敬的。指被动性地受到别人的尊敬。

respective: 各自的,各个的。如:respective needs 各自的需求。

97. sole only single unique

sole: 唯一的,单独的。指某物是唯一存在,起作用或有影响的。如:the sole heir 唯一的继承人。

only: 仅有的,唯一的。强调不再有更多,只作定语,可替换“sole”,但意义比“sole”强。

single: 单一的,唯一的。强调单个的,不伴随或参与其他事物。如:a single ticket 单程票。

unique: 唯一的,独特的,独一无二的。指某事物是该类中唯一存在的,含有无与伦比之意。如:

a unique style 独特的风格。

98. vital fundamental indispensable essential

vital:致命的,生死攸关的,极度的,非常的。如:a vital organ of the body 人体最重要的器官。

fundamental: 基础的,根本的。强调打基础的东西,如:fundamental change 根本变化。

indispensable: 不可缺少的,绝对必要的。指对生命等绝对不可缺少的。如:play indispensable roles 起到了不可缺少的作用。

essential: 必要的,不可缺少的。强调绝对必要的,必不可少的。如:essential ingredients 必要的构成要素。

99. wet damp humid moist

wet: 湿的,潮湿的。指全部或部分被水浸透。

damp: 潮湿的。程度较轻,但往往给人不舒服的感觉。

humid: 潮湿的,湿润的。专业用词,指湿度适当,使人感到舒服,一般修饰空气、天气。

moist: 潮湿的。指轻微潮湿,含有湿度适当,使人感到舒服之意。

100. wicked bad evil ill

wicked: 坏的,邪恶的。指作恶、犯罪的意思,语义较强。

bad: 坏的,不好的。普通用语。

evil: 邪恶的,罪恶的。指道德上的恶。

ill: 坏的,病的。指“不健康的”意思。用在名词前则和evil同义,但语气较弱。

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