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新概念英语第一册笔记(完整版)

新概念英语第一册笔记(完整版)
新概念英语第一册笔记(完整版)

新概念英语第一册

笔记完整版

?1)v. 原谅

?eg. Excuse me.

请原谅,劳驾。

2)n. 借口

?eg. It?s an excuse.

?me pron. 我(宾格:用来做宾语的。)?eg. He loves me.

他爱我.

?eg. She cheats me.

他骗我.

?eg. Please tell me.

他告诉我.

Excuse me 的用法

这个短语经常被译作“对不起”,但它并不表示你有什么过错,而是说你要打搅别人,所以常被译作“劳驾”。

1)为了要引起别人的注意

?eg. Excuse me. Is this you handbag? 2)要打扰某人或要打断别人话

?eg. Excuse me . May I ask you a question?

3) 向陌生人问路

?eg. Excuse me. Could you please tell me the way to the railway station?

4) 向某人借东西

?eg. Excuse me. Can I borrow your pen?

5) 需要从别人身边挤过或让别人给自己让路

?eg. Excuse me. Could you please make some room for me?

6) 要求在宴席或会议中途中离开一会儿eg. Excuse me. May I lease for a little while?

?sorry 用于当你做错事而向别人道歉的时候,表示“对不起”。

1)请问几点了?

?eg. Excuse me. What time is it?

2) 不小心把水弄到了别人的身上。

?eg. Sorry. 或者 I?m sorry! 3) 对不起,我先失陪一下

?eg. Excuse me.

4) 误解了别人的意思

?eg. Sorry.

?yes

1)adv. 是的(对一般疑问句的肯定回答)?eg. Are you mad?

--Yes, I am.

2)经常用于应答,表示“什么事”。

?eg. Excuse me?

请问/劳驾?

---Yes?

什么事?

?is v. be 动词现在时第三人称单数

?be : is am are

?is 用于单数名词或单数第三人称代词。

?eg. He is a student.

他是一个学生。

?eg. That?s an egg.

那是一个鸡蛋。(That?s= That is)

?eg. This is a pen.

这是一支钢笔。

?your 你的,你们的(物主代词后面加名词)?your key 你的钥匙

?eg. This is your key.

这是你的钥匙。

?eg. That is your book.

那是你的书。

?your room 你们的房间

?eg. That is your room.

那是你们的房间。

?pardon 原谅,请再说一遍

?pardon=pardon me=I beg your pardon? 能再说一遍吗?

?eg. Is this your pencil?

这是你的铅笔吗?

--Yes, it is.

是的,它是。(it 指代 pencil)

?thank you 感谢你(们)

2)you 代词(你,你们)

主格-----作主语

?eg. You are a good student.

你是一个好学生。

宾格------作宾语

?eg. Thank you.

谢谢你(们)

?eg. I miss you.

我想你(们)。

?very much 非常地

?eg. Thank you very much.

非常感感

?eg. I love you very much.

我非常爱你。

. Grammar

1.一般疑问句;

把系动词be(is, am, are) 置于句首

?eg. This is a handbag.

这是一个手提包。(肯定句)

?eg. Is this a handbag.

---Yes, it is. (肯定回答)

(it 代handbag)

---No, it is?t.(否定回答)

2.否定句:把not 加在系动词的后面

?is not = isn?t

?am not

?are not

?eg. This is not my handbag.

小结

1.Excuse me .

对不起,劳驾。

2.Pardon?

请再说一遍。

3.Thank you very much.

非常感谢。

?watch

1)n. 手表

?eg. My watch is new.

我的手表是新的。

?eg. Is that your new watch?

---Yes , it is.

2)v 看

?watch TV

?house 房子

Exercise B

Look at the situations. What expression do you use for each? 1.You don?t hear something very clearly.

What do you say?

当你没有听清楚别人的说话时,你应该说:Pardon?

I beg your pardon?

Pardon me?

2.If you what to leave for a little while

in the meeting. What do you say?

会议中途你想离开一会儿,你应该说: Excuse me

3.When you step on one?s foot, what do

you say?

当你不小心踩了别人的脚时,应该说:Sorry.

4.When someone helps you. What do you

say?

当别人帮助了你,你应该说

Thank you

Thank you very much

小结

含有系动词is 的句型转换

1.陈述句 This is …..

That is….

2.一般疑问句 Is….?

3.肯定回答:Yes , it is

Yes , she is

4.否定回答:No, it isn’t .

No, she isn’t.

5.否定句:系动词后面加not.

语音

中元音:[Λ]—u o ou

口腔几乎全开,嘴唇成自然状态,短音。

‘up 向上 shut 关上 cup 茶杯bus 公共汽车 much 许多 lunch

‘son 儿子 honey 亲爱的人 money 钱 other 其它的

‘enough 足够的 cousin 侄子 young 年轻的

Read these sentences:

1.You shut up. 你闭嘴。

2.My son has much money. 我儿子有许多

钱。 3. His son always comes here for money. 儿的儿子总是来这儿要钱。 4. Her young cousin has enough money for the lunch.她的小侄 子有足够的钱付这顿午餐。 中元音:[?:]—ir ur or er ear 口腔半开,嘴唇成自然状态,长音。 ‘bird 鸟 first 第一 girl 女孩 dirty 脏的 shirt 衬衫 ‘turn 翻转 church 教堂nurse 护士burn 燃烧 ‘work 工作 worm 虫子 word 单词 world 世界 worse 更坏的 ‘verb 动词 mercy 同情 ‘early earth search Read these sentences; 1. This nurse wears a dirty shirt 这位护士穿了一件脏裙子。 2. It ’s the early bird that catches the worm.早起的鸟有虫吃。 3. This girl works in the church. 中元音:[?] ---er ‘worker teacher sister brother ‘about arrive among 1. Her sister is a teacher. 2. This famous doctor arrives in the city. 3. His sister wants some sugar. New words and expressions ‘please 1) 请(可置于句首,也可置于句末) Come in please=Please come in Sit down please=Please sit down 2) 求求你(重读) ‘eg. Don ’t tell my mother about it, please! 不要把这件事告诉我的妈妈,求求你了。 ‘eg. Help me, please! 帮帮我,求求你了。 ‘here adv. 这里 ‘there adv. 那里 ‘eg. Come here. 到这儿来。 ‘eg. Go there. 到那儿去。

‘here 与 there 置于句首时,后面主谓要

倒装。

‘eg. Here is my ticket.

(here 放置于句首,后面的系动词is 在主语my ticket 的前面) 正常语序:My ticket is here. ‘

‘my pron. 我的(物主代词不可以单独使用后面要加名词) Her boyfriend is very rich.她的男朋友很有钱。 Welcome to our school.欢迎到我们学校来。 ‘ticket n. 票 ‘an air ticket ‘a train ticket ‘a bus ticket ‘a cinema ticket

Here is my air ticket

‘number n.号码 ‘telephone number 电话号码 ‘number + 基数词 第…. ‘number one 第一 ‘number two I am number one. ‘lesson five 第五课

‘day five 第五天 ‘five +可数名词复数形式 五个… (表示数量为两个以上的名词都要用复数形式,即在词尾要加s) ‘five handbags 五个手提包’ ‘sorry 常用于对自己所犯的过失表示道歉 Excuse me .打扰别人时说的客套话。 I ’m sorry,. I broke yourglass. Excuse me. May I ask you a question? ‘sir n. 先生 表示对不相识的男子,年长者或上级的一种尊称,一般单独便用,后面不与姓氏连用。 Excuse me, sir. Thank you, sir. Can I help you, sir? Mr. 也是“先生”的意思,但与sir 的用法上有所不同,Mr..必须与姓氏连用,不可单

独便用。

Mr. Zhang.

Test

Question:

Does the man get his umbrella back? 这位男士有没有要回他的雨伞?

My coat and my umbrella please.

此句省略了动词give(给)

‘give sb sth 把某物给某人

(sb 是somebody 的缩写,表示“某人”)(sth 是 something的缩写,表示“某物”)Give me my coat and my umbrella please. Here is my ticket

此句为倒装句,副词here/three置于句首时,主谓要倒装。

正常语序:My ticket is here.

Here’s your umbrella and your coat.

‘and 表示“和”,是连词,连接两个并列成份,位置可以互换。

My father and my mother.

Is this your umbrella?

此句为一般疑问句。含有系动词be 的陈述句变成一般疑问句,把系动词置于句首,句号变问号,用升调。

Is this her can?

Yes, it is.

Is this it ? = Is this your umbrella? ‘it 指your umbrella,由于前面提到了umberlla, 所以后面就用it 来代替,以免重复。

I want a man’s suit. 我想要一套男装。‘at school 在学校求学

Her son is at school.

她的儿子在学上校上学。

‘go to school 去上学

My son is very strong.

My daughter is very lovely.我的女儿非常可爱。

我妈妈的那套衣服不是黑色的。

My mother’s(名词所有格) suit isn’t black. Lesson five

语音:

后元音(五个); 用舌的后部感觉发音。

[a:] 口腔全开,嘴唇成自然装态,不扁也不

圆,长音。

‘ar car hard star park farm dark party start

‘a fast past father

‘ear heart

‘al half

1.You can’t park your car on the farm.

2.The party starts at half past ten.

3.I can’t see the stars in the dark sky. []发音时舌尖要离开下齿龈,口形椭圆,

肌肉放松,短音。

闭音节单词中o

‘job clock long stop lost got boss hot

‘a watch water

1.She lost that job, but she got this

job.

2.The clock often stops.

[]

‘or born sport horse short

‘al all tall fall wall talk

‘aw paw law draw

‘au

‘augh taught caught

Lesson five

Mr. 先生(不可单独使用)

Mr. + 姓氏

Mr. lee

Mr. zhang

‘sir 先生

可以单独使用,是对上级,长者,或陌生男

性的尊称。Sir 后面不能加姓氏。

Thank you, sir.

Sorry, sir.

Can I help you, sir?

‘good adj. 好

反义词 bad adj. 坏的

This is a good book.

She is a good teacher.

‘morning n. 早晨

‘afternoon n. 下午

‘evening n. 晚上

‘night n. 夜里

Good morning.

Good afternoon,

Good evening

Good night

‘in the morning 在早上

‘in the afternoon 在下午

‘in the evening 在晚上

‘at night 在夜里

Miss 小姐(一般指未婚女性)

Miss + 姓氏

Miss Lee

Mrs. 太太(己婚女性)

Mrs. +丈夫的姓氏

Mrs. Black 布莱克太太(其丈夫姓Black) Ms. 女士(对未知婚姻状况者的称谓)

Ms. Lee 李女士

英语国家人名的构成:

‘first name + middle name + aurname 名字中间名姓

‘new adj. 新的

反义词 old adj. 旧的

That is my new shirt.

Is this your old dress?

French n. 法国人(国籍);法语

‘adj. 法国的

Miss Lee is French.

I can speak French.

He is a French student.

France n. 法国(国名)

I come from France.

I am from France.

German n. 德国人(国籍);德语

‘adj. 德国的

Are you German?

He can speak German.

Is Miss Sophie Dupont a German student? Germany [‘?:m?mi ] n.德国(国名)‘meet v 遇见,碰见

Nice to meet you

这是非正式场合下初次见面时的客套用语。回答也应为:

Nice to meet you, too.

在正式场合中

How do you do? 你好

回答也是

How do you do?

Japanese n. 日本人(国籍),日语

‘adj. 日本的

Japan n. 日本(国名)

Korean n. 韩国人(国籍); 韩国语

‘adj. 韩国的

Korea n. 韩国(国名)

Chinese n.中国人(国籍); 汉语

‘adj. 中国的

China n. 中国(国名)

China is a big country.

‘too adv. 也

用在肯定和疑问句中。否定句中用either, too 和 either 一般都放在句末,并且用逗号隔开。

Miss Dupont is French, too.

Mrs. Lee is not German, either.

Good morning.

也可以直接用hello 问好。

This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Sophie is a new student. She is French.

“This is + 姓名”是把一个人介绍给另一个人时用的句型。

向别人介绍自己时:

My name is 或者是 I am.

He is German=He is from Germany.

Nice to meet you.

用于非正式场合的初次见面。

回答:

Nice to meet you, too.

‘make

1)n. (产品的)牌号

My shirt is a Korean make.

我的衬衫是韩国牌子的。

What make is your car?

2)v. 制造,做

make a car

‘make a model plane.

Swedish n. 瑞典人(国籍)

‘adj. 瑞典的

Sweden n. 瑞典(国名)

Sweden is in Europe.

瑞典在欧洲。

English adj.英国的

‘英语,英国人

England n. 英格兰,英国

American adj. 美国的

‘n 美国人

America n. 美国

Italian adj. 意大利的

‘意大利人,意大利语

Italy n. 意大利(国名)

选择疑问句

Is she a Chinese teacher or a Japanese teacher?

She isn’t a Chinese teacher. She is a Japanese teacher.

‘name 姓名

My name is ….

Your name is …

His name is …

Her name is…

My name is Wendy.

I am …

含系动词的特殊疑问句结构:

特殊疑问句+系动词+主语?

What color is his shirt?

What is your name?

‘nationality n. 国籍What nationality are you?

你是哪国人?

Where are you from?

Where do you come from?

‘job 工作

What is your job?

What do you do?

你的工作是什么?

Lesson nine

‘how 怎么样 (特殊疑问词)

‘how many 多少(可数名词复数)

How many students?

‘how much 多少(不可数名词,价格)How much tea?

How much is the handbag?

‘how long 多长时间

How long have you been in China?

‘how often 多经常(频率)

How often do you take a bath?

‘how far 多远(距离)

How far is it from here?

‘how soon 多久

I am leaving for Shanghai on business. How soon will you come back?

‘well

1) adv. 好(修饰动词)

He cooks well.

He dose well in English.

3)adj. 身体好

How are you, today?

I am well. Thank you, and you?

‘see 表示结果

‘look 强调动作过程

Look at the blackboard.

‘watch 看,注视(所看画面是移动的)

Nice to meet you.

(初次见面时打招呼用语)

Nice to see you.

(相互认识的人见面时打招呼用)

This is our classroom.

Whose classroom is this?

Whose is this classroom?

形容词性物主代词是修饰名词的,所以后面必须加名词。

This suit is my. (错语)

This suit is mine. (正确)

名词性物主代词必须单独使用,后面不再接名词。名词所有格是在词尾加’s。这种形式即具有形容词性,也具有名词性。

Whose shirt is this?

This is Wendy’s(作形容词性物主代词来用) skirt.=This is her skirt.

Whose is this skirt?

This skirt is Wend’s. =This skirt is hers.

Your car is red; mine is blue.

‘mine =my car

I have my way, and she has hers.

我有我的处事方式,她有她的。

‘whose 引导的特殊疑问句即可用形容词性物主代词回答,也可用名词性物主代词回答。Whose house is this?

This is our house. = This house is ours.

‘perhaps=maybe 可能

Perhaps it will rain.

Perhaps it is his car.

‘catch v.

1)接住

Catch

2)逮住,捕获

‘catch a thief

3)染上(疾病

‘catch a cold

‘father=Dad

‘mather=Mum

‘parents: father and mother

His parents is in Germany.

(his parent 复数,故系动词用are) What make

What make is your watch?

‘come v. 来

‘go v. 去

Come on; let’s go swimming.

来吧,我们去游泳。

Come on; stop day-dreaming.

得了,拜托,别再做白日梦了。

Come on; you’ll be fine.

没关系,你会没事的。

‘upstairs adv. 楼上

‘downstairs adv. 楼下

‘here there home abroad

地点副词前不可以加介词。

‘come here 不可以说成 come to here. ‘smart adj.

1)漂亮的; 时髦的

Lucy’s blouse is smart.

Her hat is very smart

2)聪明的; 机灵的

She is a smart student.

He is a smart businesman.

‘clever 聪明的(指理解力); 狡猾的

‘bright (多指小孩)

Your little son is so bright.

‘wise 理性的; 精明的(形容年纪较长者)

‘lovely 可爱的

Whose is this lovely hat?

Whose lovely hat is this?

It’s Ann’s (hat)

‘cute 小孩可爱

The baby is cute.

祁使句:谓语动词一般用原形,表示请求建议命令等。

Follow me

Shut the door, please

Be careful

Go and buy a new hat.

Wait and see

‘same 常与the 连用

表示同一的,相同的

‘the same age

The same city

We live in the same city.

‘friend n. 朋友

Are they your friends?

‘friendly adj.友好的

‘be friendly to sb 对….友好

She is friendly to me.(to 介词后面要

接宾语)

2)在以“s”“x”“sh”“ch”结尾的单数名词

变复数时,需在单词后面加“es”

‘bus buses dress dresses

3)以元音字母加“y”结尾的单数名词变复

数,我们在词尾加s

‘boy boys

以辅音字母加“y”结尾的单词,需把“y”

去掉再加ies

‘fly flies baby babies

4)以o结尾的单数名词变复数时有两种形

式:其一是直接在词尾加s; 另一种是在

词尾加es.

口诀:黑人英雄爱吃土豆西经柿 +es

Negro(es) hero(es) potato(es)

tomato(es)

其它则加s

‘photo(s)

5)不规则变化

‘man men goose geese foot feet

(以f 或 fe 结尾的单数名词变成复数,

一般把f或fe 变成v 再加es.)

‘knife knives

‘employee n. 雇员

‘employer n.雇主

‘employ v.

‘employ sb. ‘employment n. 就业

‘unemployment n.失业

-ee 一般指动作的承受者,被动者

-er 一般指施动者,主动者

‘interview v. 采访; 面试

*interviewee n. 被面试者,被采访者*interviewer n. 面试者,采访者.

*hard-working adj.勤奋的

Miss Smith is a hard-working employee. Smith小姐是一个勤奋的雇员。

*hard work n. 艰苦的工作(hard是adj., work是n.)

That is hard work. 那是一项艰苦的工作。(注意work当工作讲时是不可数名词因此前面不能加“a”)

*work hard v. 努力工作(work是v.,hard是adv.)

We work hard. 我们努力工作。

*sales reps 推销员

*sales rep (单数形式)

*rep representative n. 代表

*sales n. 销售

*sales representative 销售人员,销售代表

*sales person 销售人员

*salesman 男销售员

*saleswoman 女销售员

*man n. 男人(单数)人类 men

*woman n.女人 women *office n. 办公室

*in the office 在办公室里

*assistant n.助手,助理

*assistant of the manager 经理助理

*office block 办公大楼

*officer 官员

*assist v. 援助

*who 引导的特殊疑问句

*who 引导的含有系动词的特殊疑问句的句型为:

*who is + 单数名词?

*who are + 复数名词?

Who is that fat man?

This conversation is between Mr. Jackson and Mr. Richards. Mr. Jackson is introducing the employees to Mr. Richards. Listen to the dialogue and answer the questions.

What are Michael Baker and Jeremy Shot’s jobs?

Before we listen to the dialogue . Let’s practice these names.

Come and meet our employees, Mr. Richards.

祈使句(省略主语):You come and meet our employees.

用来表示建议,命令,叮嘱等。

*this is 用来介绍他人

How do you do? 在正式场合下第一次见面时用语。回答也是:How do you do?

--- How are you? 朋友或相识的人之间见面时的询问身体状况的问候语。

--- I am fine. / I am well.

*matter n. 事情

What’s the matter? 怎么了?(用来询问发生了什么事)

What’s wrong?

What’s the matter with….?

What’s wrong with….? …..怎么了?

What’s the matter with your brother? 你的兄弟怎么了?

It doesn’t matter! 没事,没关系!常用在回复sorry这句话中

---- Sorry! I’m sorry!

---- It doesn’t matter!

*children n. 孩子们(复) child (单数) --- Whose child is this?

--- This is her child.

--- Whose is this child?

--- This child is hers.

*tired adj. 累的,疲乏的

--- I’m tired. 我累了。

*tire out :completely tired 筋疲力尽了*tireless 不知疲倦的

*less 是形容词后缀,具有否定意义。

--- a tireless worker 不知疲倦的工人

*thirsty adj. 渴的

---We are tired and thirsty.

*right adj.

1) 好的,可以

--- Let’s go upstairs and see my new blouse. 让我们上楼看我的新衬衫。

--- All right.

--I fell off the stairs. 我从楼梯上摔了下来。

-- Are you all right? 你还好吧?

---Yes, I am. 我还好,没什么事。

2)右边,右边的

*left 左边,左边的

-- on the right

3) 正确的

-- That’s right. 对,没错(wrong)

*there be 结构

There be…. 某地有某物

There is + n. (可数单数名词或不可数名词) + 介词短语(状语)

There are + n. (可数复数名词) + 介词短语(状语)

介词(后面加名词)

*in 在…里面

--in the box

-- in the office

--in the room

*on 在…上面

-- on the desk

-- on the book

-- on the floor

There is a tie in the box. 在盒子里面有一条领带(a tie可数名词单数,所以用is.)There are two shirts on the bed. 在床上有两件衬衫。(two shirts 复数名词,所以用are)

There is some water on the desk. 在桌子上有一些水。(water 不可数名词,所以用is.)

我们说如果一个句子中有be的形式存在,那么这个句子的疑问或否定形式都在be 本身变化。比如说疑问句,我们就把系动词提前,否定句,我们就在系动词后面加not. There is a tie in the box.

Is there a tie in the box.

Yes, there is.

No, there isn’t

There is some water on the desk.

Is there any water on the desk?

(some 和any 都表示“一些“,some一般用在肯定句中,any 用在疑问句或否定句中。)

Listen to the dialog carefully and answer: why do the children thank their mother?

Are you ok now?

Lesson 20

*big

1) 外形比较大

--There is a big box on the floor. 地板上有一个大箱子。

2)抽象的大

--Deng Xiaoping is a big man. 邓小平是一个伟大的人物。

*small 体积小

*little (感情色彩)小

--a small room

-- a little girl (带有喜欢,喜爱之情)

*open

1) adj. 开着的

-- The shop is open. 商店开业了。

2) v. 开,打开

--open the door 打开门

*shut

1) adj. 关着的 = closed

--The door is closed.

--The door is shut.

2) v. 关上= close --shut the door

--close the door

--Shut up! 闭嘴

*light

1) adj. 轻的

--The box is so light that I can lift it by myself. 这个箱子真是太轻了,我一个人就能把它提起来。

--light punishment 比较轻的处罚

2) n. 灯

--turn on the light 开灯

-- turn off the ligt

*heavy adj. 重的

-- Is the desk heavy?

--heavy smoker 吸烟比较多的人

-- heavy drinker 喝酒比较多的人

-- heavy hearted 心事重重的人,伤心的

Lesson 21

*give v. 给

--give sb sth

--give sth to sb 把…给某人

--Give Mr. Baker that tie.

-- Give that tie to Mr. Baker.

把那条领带给贝克先生。

*give 后面的人如果是代词的时候,我们要用宾格。

例句Give me those coats. 中“me”是宾格作give 的宾语。

其它人称的宾格

主格宾格

*I me

*you you

*he him

*she her

*we us

*they them

*it it

--Give them these ne umbrellas.

--Give these new umbrellas to them.

*one pron.

--one 不是数词,而是不定代词,代替上面提到过的单数名词。复数形式为ones.

*which 哪一个

--Which room is yours?

--This one? ( one 代替上句的room)

--No, not this one, that one.

--Which cases are yours?

--These ones? (ones是复数形式指你上句的cases)

--Give me a book please, Jane.

为祈使句。主语you 省略,后加please ,表示客气的请求。

--Give a book to me, please,.

--give 后面接复合宾语,直接宾语为a book, 间接宾语为me.

--Which book? = Which book do you want? --This one?

--No, not that one. The red one.

-- one 代替 book

--This one? = This book?

*empty

1) adj. 空的

-- The room is empty.

--Give her the empty box.

--Give the empty to her.

2) v. 倒空,弄空

--empty the box 把盒子弄空

*full adj. 满的

--The box is full of books.

--be full of sth 某物充满了….

--The room is full of people. 屋子里全是人。

--The bottles are full of milk. 这些瓶子装满了牛奶。

--I am full. 我饱了。

*large adj. 大的

主要是指体积,面积,形状,数量等物理量值的大,修饰人的时候指个子大,large的反义词是small.

--China is a large country. 中国是一个大国(幅员辽阔)--Look at that large woman.

*big adj. 大的

除了具large的意思,在big修饰人的时候,主要指大人物,但个子未必高。

--She is a big film star. 她是一个著名的电影名星。

*small adj. 小的

--small指物理量值的小,是large的反义词,不带什么感情色彩。

--It is a small factory. 这是一家小工厂。--The room is very small. 这个房间很小。*little adj.

--little 可以表示小,还可以表示少,往往带有小而可爱的感情色彩,是big的反义词。--There is a little garden behind our house. 我们的房后有个小花园(虽小,但很可爱)

--She has s little son. 她有一个小儿子。(little 表示小而可爱)

*sharp adj. 尖的,锋利的

-- The knife is sharp.

*sharpen v.

*make sth sharp

-- sharpen the pencil / sharpen the knife *glass

1) 可数名词,杯子

--There is a glass on the desk.

2) 不可数名词,玻璃

--There is some glass on the floor. 地板上有一些玻璃。

3)量词,杯

--a glass of water 一杯水

-- two glasses of mil 两杯牛奶

4) glasses 除了表示“杯子”的复数形式,还可以作“眼镜”讲

--a pair of glasses 一副眼镜

--two pairs of glasses 两副眼镜

*cup

1) n.茶杯

--Is there a cup in the box?

2) 量词,杯

--a cup of tea 一杯茶

--tow cups of coffee

*bottle

1) n. 瓶子

--There isn’t an empty bottle in the room.

2) 量词

--a bottle of milk

--three bottles of water.

*spoon n.勺子

一些清辅音如[p] [k] [t]在[s]音后要浊化[k] [g]

[t] [d]

[p] [b]

1.给他们一个箱子

--Give them a box. / Give a box to them. 哪一个?这个小的吗?

--Which one? This small one?

不,不是这个,是那个大的。

--No, not this small one. That large one.

2. 给她一个茶杯。

--Give her a cup. / Give a cup to her. 哪一个?这个脏的吗?

--Which one? This dirty one?

不,不是这个,是那个干净的。

--No, not this dirty one. That clean one.

5.给我们一个水杯

--Give us a cup. / Give a cup to us.

哪一个?这个空的吗?

--Which one? This empty one?

不,不是这个,是那个满的。

--NO, not this empty one. That full one.

Lesson 23

*on prep. 在….之上

--There are some cups on the table.

--Are there any boxes on the floor?

--Yes, there are.

*shelf n. 架子,搁板

*book shelf 书架

--There are a lot of books on the book shelf. 在书架上有许多书。

--Her book is on the shelf. 她的书在架子上。

介词短语作后置定语:1)介词短语

*on in under behind ….都是介词

*on 在….的上面

-- on the table 在桌子上

-- on the shelf 在架子上

*in 在….的里面

-- in the room 在房间里

-- in the street 在街道上

-- in the box 在箱子里

*under 在….的下面

-- under the bed 在订底下

-- under the book 在书的下面

* behind 在….的后面

-- behind the house 在房子后

-- behind the tree 在树的后面

-- behind the door 在门的后面

我们可以发现介词后面一般跟名词或跟具有名词特性的词,那么介词与后面的名词共同组成了“介词短语”。

2)定语是起修饰作用的。

--a clean glass 一个干净的玻璃杯

*clean是定语,修饰glass,作定语的

clean放在中心词glass的前面,这就是

前置定语,同样放在中心词后面的定语就

叫后置定语,那么中心词的定语是由介词

短语充当的,并且被放置在中心词的后

面。

-- a girl in the house 在房子里的女

* a girl 是中心词,in the house 是后

置定语,修饰a girl.

-- a book on the bed 在床上的一本书

-- the cat under the bed 在床底下的

-- the boy behind the tree 在树后面

的男孩

-- the cups in the box 在盒子里面的

杯子

--Give me some glasses please, Jane. 请给我几只玻璃杯。

祈使句

*give 后面接的是复合宾语,some

glasses是直接宾语,me是间接宾语。

给某人某物:give sb sth / give sth to sb

因此这句话也可用; Give some glasses to me please, Jane.

--Which glasses?

这是一个省略句,全句应为:Which glasses do you want?

*Which 引导特殊疑问句,后面可跟单数名词,也可以跟复数名词。此句中的which后面跟的是复数名词glasses.

--These glasses? 是省略句,全句应为:Do you want these glasses?

--The ones on the shelf.

“on the shelf”是介词短语,作后置定语,修饰中心词the ones,也就是“the glasses”*desk n. 课桌

通常指有抽屈的桌子,用于办公,读书,写字等,即“书桌”,定字台,办公桌“。

--at the desk 在书桌前(办公,看书等)--He is working at his desk. 他正在书桌前工作。

--on the desk 在办公桌上

--There are some books one desk. 在办公桌上有一些书。

*table n. 桌子

通常指由若干条腿支撑着的平板,没有抽屈。可译为“餐桌,会议桌,工作台等”。--book a table 预订餐桌

--I’ve booked a table for two at 6:00. 我预订了一张两人桌,是六点钟的。

--They sit around the table and have meetings every week. 他们每周围坐在会议桌旁开会。

*plate n. 盘子(指大盘子)

*dish n.

1) 盘子,指小盘子,放在自己面前供自己临时存放菜的小盘子。

2)菜

--I like this dish. 我喜欢这道菜。

--These dishes are delicious. 这些菜很好吃。

*cupboard n. 食橱--There are some plates on the cupboard. 在食橱上有一些盘子。

--the spoons in the cupboard.

*cigarette n.香烟

*cigarette case 香烟盒

*cigarette lighter 打火机

*smoke v. 吸烟

-- He smokes twenty cigarettes a day. 他一天吸了20支烟。

*television n. 电视机

--watch TV

--watch television

*tele 前缀: over a distance 远距离的

*telephone 电话

*floor n. 地板

--on the floor 在地板上

--Are there any boxes on the floor?

--Yes, there are.

*ceiling n. 天棚

--the inner surface of the top of a room *wall n. 墙壁

*bed n. 床

--go to bed 上床去睡觉

--I go to bed at 9’oclock in the evening every day. 我每天晚上九点钟去睡觉。

*newspaper n. 报纸(可数名词)

*news n. 新闻(不可数名词)

--a piece of news

*paper n. 纸张(不可数名词)

--two pieces of paper

1.请给他们几份报纸。

--Give them some newspapers please.

哪几分?是这几份吧?

--Which ones? These (newspapers)?

不,不是那些

--No, not those.

是在立体声音响上面的那几份。

--The ones on the stereo.

2) 请给我们一些杂志。

--Give us some magazine, please.

哪几份?是这几份吗?

--Which ones? These?

不,不是那些。

--No, not those.

是在梳妆上的那些

--The ones on the dressing table.

3)请给他一些香烟。

--Give him some cigarettes, please.

哪些?这些吗?

--Which ones? These?

不,不是那些。

--No, no those.

是在电视机上的那些香烟。

--The ones on the television.

4) 请给我爸爸拿几条领带。

--Give my father some ties, please.

--Give some ties to my father, please. 哪些领带?是这些吗?

--Which ones? These?

不,不是那些。

--No, not those.

是在椅子上面的那几条

--The ones on the chair.

比较下面几个句子和短语

1)The spoon is in the cupboard. 勺子是

在食橱里。

2)There is a spoon in the cupboard. 在

食橱里有一把勺子。

3)*the spoon in the cupboard 在食橱里

的勺子

The spoon is in the cupboard.

通常是问句 Where is the spoon? 的回答,the spoon 中的the是定冠词,表特指,在这里,“the spoon”是指说话双方都知道的那把勺子。

*where引导的特殊疑问句是问地点方位的,因此,作为where疑问句的回答,它的重点不是勺子,而是强调地点,也就是in the cupboard在食橱里。

There is a spoon in cupboard.

它不是突出 a spoon,也不是强调in the cupboard,只是说明一个事实,即在食橱里有一个勺子。没有必要说出哪一把勺子,反正有一把勺子在食橱里。

*the spoon in the cupboard

事实上它不是一个句子,而是一个短语,这是一个介词短语做后置定语。那么这个短语的中心词是the spoon,介词短语in the

cupboard 修饰the spoon, 翻译的时候要把定语放在前面—“在食橱里的勺子”,它一般是which 引导的特殊颖问句的回答。

1)Lee小姐的手提包在书桌上。(强调地点) --Miss lee’s handbag is on the desk.

2) 有一些叉子在盘子里面。(强调某地有某物)

--There are some forks on the plate. 3)--请给我一份杂志。

--Give me a magazine, please.

--哪一个?

--Which one?

--在架子上的那一本。

--The one on the shelf.

小结:

1.介词短语作后置定语

2. 不定代词 one ones

3. give sb sth give sth to sb. Lesson 25

*Mrs. 夫人

Mrs. Smith 史密斯太太(表示她的丈夫姓Smith)

Miss 小姐(指未婚)

Miss Lee 李小姐

Ms 女士(己婚与未婚都可以用)

Ms Dupont 村邦女士

*refrigerator n. 电冰箱

--Are there any eggs in the refrigerator? 在冰箱里有一些鸡蛋吗?

*right n. 右边

--on the right 在右边

That’s all right. = It doesn’t matter. 没关系

--I’m sorry.

--That’s all right. (It doesn’t matter) --Are you all right? =Are you ok? 你们还好吗?

That’s right. 没错,对。

*electric adj. 带电的,可通电的

--an electric generator 发电机

--an electric shock 电击

--I got an electric shock. 我被电击到了一下。

*electricity n. 电 = power

--power cut 停电

*left n. 左边

--on the left

*cook

1) v. 做饭

--cook a meal 做一顿饭

2)n. 厨师

--His father is a good cook.

*middle n. 中间

--in the middle 在中间

--in the middle of 在…的中间

--in the middle of the room 在房间的中间

--in the middle of the square 在广场的中间

(雕像statue [?st?etju:])

--There is a statue in the middle of the square. 在广场的中间有一个雕像。

*of prep. (属于)…的

--in the middle of 在…的中间

--a book of mine 我的一本书

*room n. 房间

--Who is in the room? My mother is in the room.

--double room 双人间

--room 147 147房间

--make room for sb 给…让路,让个地儿

*cup n. 杯子,茶杯

--cup 也可做量词

--a cup of tea 一杯茶

--two cups of coffee 两杯咖啡

*glass n. 玻璃杯

--glass 也可做量词

--a glass of water 一杯水

--two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶

*where引导的特殊疑问句,用来询问地点或位置。

由where引导的,含有系动词be的特殊疑问句的结构与以前学过的特殊疑问句的结构一样:“where + be + 主语“

--Where is the refrigerator? --It’s in the kitchen.

--Where are their parents?

--They are upstairs. (upstairs是副词,前面不能加介词)

--Come here (副词前面一般不加介词) Listen to the text carefully when I’m reading. And answer the questions.

1.Is Mrs. Smith’s kitchen small or big?

2.What color is the refrigerator?

3.Is the bottle empty or full?

--Smith’s kitchen is small.

Mrs. Smith’s 是名词所有格,表示“史密斯太太的….”

There is a refrigerator in the kitchen. 在厨房里有一个冰箱。

不定冠词“a”具有不确定的义意,第一次提到冰箱,对听者来说根本不知道哪个冰箱,反正在厨房里有一个冰箱。“a”是一个不定冠词,表示泛指。

The refrigerator is white. 冰箱是白色的。--refrigerator 之前用的是定冠词the,因为是第二次提到的,那么这是不在是泛指,表示特指,因此要用定冠词the.

--the通常有明确的所指,即对方和自己都知道所指的人或物,the的后面可以加可数名词单数或复数,也可以加不可数名词。

--the在以元音音素开头的单词前读[

]

--the eggs the umbrella

--the在以辅音音素开头的单词前读[] --the glass the cups

There is an electric cooker in the kitchen. 厨房里有一个电灶。

--an electric cooker 听者不知道它是指哪一个电灶,它只是泛指电灶中的某一个,所以用不定冠词an; electric是以元音音素开头的单词,前面的不定冠词要用“an”,不能用“a”.

The cooker is blue.

--cooker前用的是定冠词the,是特指前一句刚刚提到的那电灶。

There is a table in the middle of the room. --in the middle of the room 在房间的中间

--a table 是泛指一张桌子。

There is a bottle on the table.

--a bottle 是泛指一个瓶子,the table是特指。

There is a cup on the table, too. 桌子上还有一个茶杯。

--too “也“;用在肯定句和疑问句当中,前面用逗号隔开。

--There isn’t a cup on the table.

--否定句中“也“用either来表示。

5.给他们一些刀。

--Give them some knives.

哪一些?

--Which ones?

那些大的。

--The large ones. (large 形容词做定语修饰ones.做前置定语,为什么不放在后面,我们说单独的形容词比较短,可以放在前面,如果比较长就放在后面)

Lessen 27

语音一句子重音

1.一般来说,在句子中实义词重读,虚词不

重读。名词、形容词、数词、动词、副词、感叹词属实义词,在句子中一般需要重读;

而冠词、助动词、前置词、连词是虚词,

通常在句子中不重读。

--How can I help you? How、help 需要重读

--I’ve hurt my hand. Hurt 、hand 需要重读

--How did it happen? How 、happen

--I was opening a tin. It was hard to open and I was in a hurry. When it was half open, tin-opener slipped. I cut my hand. It was terrible.

2.助动词,系动词与情态动词在句子结尾有

句子重音,在句首可有可无。

--Can you drive a car?

--Yes, I can.

--Excuse me. Is this a bank?

--Yes, it is.

--living room 客厅--sitting room

--bedroom n. 卧室

--kitchen n. 厨房

--dining room n. 餐厅

--toilet n. 厕所

--bathroom n.洗澡间,卫生间

--balcony n. 阳台

--basement n.地下室

--near prep. 靠近

--near the school 靠近学校

--There are some trees near the school. --He is near the window.他在窗户的旁边。--near the window 做is 表语

--window n. 窗户

--shut the window

--close the window

--ceiling n.天棚

--on the ceiling

--floor n.地板

--on the floor

--armchair n. 扶手椅

--sofa n. 沙发

--door n. 门

--answer the door

--answer the phone 接听电话

--door bell 门铃

--door mat 门垫

--picture n. 图画

--as pretty as a picture: very pretty --get the picture: understand 明白

--wall n. 墙

--on the wall

Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳

--bang one’s head against a wall 做一些不可能的事情

----some/any

1.some表示一些,通常用于肯定句中,后面

接可数名词复数或不可数名词。

--There are some cigarettes in the box. 盒子里有几支香烟。

--There is some milk in the glass. 玻璃杯中有一些牛奶。

--some也可以用在疑问句中,表示期待肯定的回答。

--Would you like some beer? 想喝点啤酒吗?

--Have you got some paper clips? 你有一些曲别针吗?(期待肯定回答或知道对方有)2. any通常用在否定句中或疑问句中。

--There are not any spoons in the cupboard. 橱柜中没有勺子。

--There is not any water in the glass. 玻璃杯中没有水。

--Are there any cigarettes on the floor? Listen to the text carefully. Can you find the answer to these questions? Questions:

1.Is Mrs. Smith’s living room large or

small?

--Mrs. Smith’s living room isn’t small. It’s large.

2.Where is the television?

-- The television is near the window.

3.Where are the armchairs?

4.Where is the stereo?

--There is a television in the room.

注意不定冠词a的用法,这是第一次提到电视机,没有人知道它是指的哪台电视机,总之它是泛指某一台电视机,所以用不定冠记“a”.

--The television is near the window.

--the television 是特指上句提到的那台电视机,因此用定冠词the.

--near the window 是介词短语,作表语。

--The armchairs are near the table.

--the armchairs 特指上句中的some armchairs

--the后面可接可数名词单数,复数、也可接不可数名词。

--trousers n. 长裤(复数)(Br.)

--pants n. 长裤 (复数) (Am.)

--socks n. 袜子

--shoes n. 鞋子

--gloves n. 手套

--a pair of 一双/副

--a pair of socks 一双袜子

--There is a pair of socks on the bed. 在床上有一双袜子。--a pair of trousers 一条裤子

--There are two pairs of trousers on the sofa. 有两条长裤在沙发上。

--There is a pair of glasses on the desk. 有一副眼睛在写字台上。

--There are three pairs of shoes under the bed. 在床底下有三双鞋。

4.—给我那条裤子。Give me those trousers. --哪一条? Which ones?

靠近白衬衫的那条。Those ones is near the white shirt.

5. 给我那双鞋 Give me those shoes.

小结:

听力:Beauty and the Beast

Belle: oh! Good morning. 旱安

*oh, dear! Are you all right? 天啊,你还好吧?

Master: I fell and I landed on my… on, on the ice. 我跌在冰上了

Belle: It ‘s pretty slippery. 冰面挺滑的。Pretty:相当于very

Master: Yes… it’s slippery. 是啊,挺滑的

Belle: This is a perfect day for skating. Come on. Come on!今天真是个溜冰的好日子。来吧。来嘛!a perfect day for doing sth 做….的好日子

Master: No. 不。

Gandle: Go on, master. 去嘛,主人。

It might be fun. 可能蛮好玩的。Chip: Go for it! 加没啊!

Belle: Come on! why don’t you try it like this? One、tow、three. One、two、three. See? It’s easy. 来啊!为什么不这样试一试呢?瞧!很简单

--Why don’t you… (建议)你为什么不….? Master: one, two, three.

*one, two, three.

Mrs. Potts: Yes, I think it may work. 真不错,我想会成功的。

--work: 起作用,发挥作用

--The medicine works. 这药管用。

Lesson 29

语调

1.在英语中最主要的是升调和降调。陈述句

以wh-开头的特殊问句用降调,即在句子

的最后一个重读音节语调下降。

--This is a good picture.

--He’s never been there.

--Sue likes the film.

--What’s the matter?

--How much is the map?

--Where did you go yesterday?

--Why are you late?

2.需要用yes 或no回答的一般问句用升调,即在最后一个重读音节语调上升。

--May I try?

--Has John put on weight?

--Do you like sweet things?

--Do you want to have a smoke?

3.在选择问句中,or之前用升调,or之后用降调。

--Shall we go on Friday or Saturday?

--Would you like to have the red one or the blue one?

--Can I keep the books for one week or two weeks?

*shut v. 关门

*close v. 关

--shut the door

--close the door

--shut the window

--close the window

--Shut up! 闭嘴

*untidey adj. 乱,不整齐

--un前缀具有否定意义

--tidy 整齐的

--untidy 乱,不整齐

*happy 快乐的,幸福的

*unhappy 不快乐的,不高兴的

*fair 公平的

*unfair 不公平的

*fortunately 幸运地

*unfortunately 不幸运地

*must modal verb 必须,应该

情态动词*can 能够,会

*should 应该

*may 可以,可能

情态动词没有人称和数的变化

含有情态动词的句子,其否定句是在情态动词后面加not,疑问句是把情态动词提前。

--You must shut the door. 你必须关门。--He must open the window. 他必须打开窗户。

--They must look at(谓语) the backboard. 他们必须看黑板

--We must go to school.

否定句是在must 后面加not.。

--must not =mustn’t 决不能,决不可以

--She must not open the window. 她决对不可以开窗户。

--You must not play with fire. 你们千万不要玩火

--They mustn’t watch TV.

--She mustn’t go out. 她不可以出去。

疑问句是把must 提前,

肯定回答:Yes, 主 + must 是的,必须

否定回答:No, 主 + needn’t. 不,不必了。

--Must we go to school?

--Yes, you must.

--Must they clean the room?

--No, they needn’t.

--Must we copy these letters?

--No, you needn’t

--Must she answer the question?

--Yes, she must.

*open V. 打开

反义词 shut 或 close

--open your mouth 张开你的嘴

--open minded: 开明的,愿意考虑不同意见和想法的

--My mother is open-minded. 我的妈妈思想很开明。

--opening time:开放时间,营业时间

*air

1) v. 使….通风,换换空气

--air the room 给房间通风

2) n. 空气(不可数名词)

--Let’s go out and breathe some fresh air. 咱们出去呼吸一些新鲜空气吧!

--air-conditioner 空调

*put v. 放置

--put sth + 介词短语把…放在…地主

--Put your coat on the chair. 把你的外套放在椅子上。

--Put these boxes on the floor. 把这些箱子放在地板上。

*clothes n. 衣服

*clothes hanger 衣服挂

*clothes horse 晾衣架(室内)

*clothes line 晾衣绳

*clothes pin (Am.)

*clothes peg (Br)

*clothes tree 放衣架

*dust

1) v. 掸掉灰尘

--dust the dressing table 掸掉梳妆台上的杰尘。

2)n. 灰尘(不可数名词)

--There is some dust on the desk. 在书桌上面有些灰尘。.

Come in , Amy.

这是一句祈使句,祈使句一般省略主语“you”,动词要用原形。祈使句用来表示直接的命令,建议,告戒或邀请等多种意图。

--Go and buy some new clothes. 去买些新衣服。

祈使句的否定句就是在祈使句前面加个“don’t”.

--Don’t open the door!

--Don’t give me this magazine. 不要给我这本杂志。

--Don’t put your dress on the bed. 不要把你的连衣裙放在床上。

--What must I do, Mrs. Jones? 我必须做些什么呢?

这句话即有情态动词must又有实意动词do.实义动词是指有实在意义的动词,如:eat (吃),drink( 喝)。

含有系动词be的特殊疑问句的结构(系动词+be+主语)

含有实义动词的特殊疑问句的结构:特殊疑问词+助动词或情态动词+主语+谓语

--What must I do?

--what: 特殊疑问词

--must: 情态动词

--I:主语

--do: 谓语

--What must he do ?

--Then put these clothes in the wardrobe. 然后把这些衣服放进衣柜里。

--then 表示“然后”

--Eat some bread, then drink some water. 吃些面包,然后喝些水。

--put sth + 介词短语

--put the trousers one the bed.

*empty

1) v. 倒空,使…变空

--empty the bottle

--empty the box

2) adj. 空的

--empty glass

*read v. 读

--read some books

--read a newspaper

*sharpen v. 削尖,使锋利

--sharpen the pencil 削铅笔

--sharpen the knives 磨刀

*sharp adj. 锋利的

--These pencils are sharp.

*put on 穿上

--put on the shirt

--put the shirt on

--put it on (不可以说put on it.)

--put on your trousers 穿上裤子

--put your trousers on (on 是当副词用) --put them on

--put on your tie / put your tie on

*take off 脱掉

--take off your shoes / take your shoes off

--take them off

--take off your glasses/take your glasses off 摘下眼镜

*turn on 开(接通电源或放水)

--turn on the light / turn the light on

--turn it on

*turn off 关(关掉电源,水)

--turn off the lamp / turn the lamp off --turn it off

还有一些具有名词性,双具有动词性。

1.*air

--The air isn’t fresh in the rom.

--Air the room!

下面做一些祈使句的练习

1.合上你的书

--shut your book. / close your book.

2. 带上你的手表

--put on your watch

--put your watch on

--put it on

情态动词

*must can may should

--You must read this book.

疑问句must 提前,否定句要在must 后加“not”

--Must I come here tomorrow?

*must not 千万别,决不能

--You mustn’t speak to her. 你决不可以和她说话。

祈使句:否定形式在句子前面加“not”

Lesson 31

语音:---不完全爆破

英语中的爆破音与摩擦音和破擦音连在一起时,前面的爆破音常常不发生不完全爆破。爆破音与鼻辅音连在一起也形成不完全爆破。所谓不完全爆破指的是只作发爆破音的口形,但气流并不出来,也就是说只有短暂的停顿,而不发音。

--picture

advice

active

September

big gun

that time

take care

keep quie

good morning

good night

take three pills a day

keep silent

--garden n. 花园(自家花园)

--park n. 公园(公共地方)

--There is a garden behind the house. (在房子的后面有一个花园)

--My home is near the park. 我家靠近公园。

--under prep. 在….之下

--There is a pair of shoes under the bed. 在床的下面有一双鞋。

--Those shoes are under the bed.

--tree n. 树

--an apple tree 一棵苹果树

--clothes tree 挂衣架

--climb the tree 爬树

--climb v. 爬,攀登 b 哑音

--climb the tree

--Don’t climb the tree. 不要爬树。

--climb the hill

--who pron. 谁(引导疑问句)

--Who’s there? 谁在那?

--Who is your teacher? 谁是你的教师?

--Who’s that? 谁呀?

--run v. 跑

--He is running fast.

--grass n. 草,草地

--on the grass 在草地上

--after prep. 在…之后

--run after 追逐…

--A dog is running after a cat. 一只狗正在追一只猫。

After beauty.

After age.

--across prep. 横过,穿过

--run across 跑着横穿过

A girl is running across the grass. 一个女孩跑着横穿过草地。

--swim across the river 横着游过这条江

--walk across the street 横穿街道

--through 穿过(在物体内部穿过)

新概念英语第四册笔记-完整版

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urban adj. 城市的 ◆disregard v. 不顾,无视 disregard sth disregard == ignore pay no attention to take no notice of in disregard of treat sb. with disregard: 怠慢某人 ◆intellectual n. 知识分子 ◆abstruse adj. 深奥的 abstract: 抽象的 Eg: I am not good at mathematics, because the subject is not only abstract but also abstruce. ◆◆coordinate v. 协调 Eg: Our efforts need to be further coordinated for higher efficiency. efficiency: == be efficient:效率 Eg: If you wnat to complete an ideal job with your classmates as quickly as possible, I think ypu must coodniate everything as much as

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