自考本科英汉互译-汉译英常用结构和句型
汉译英常用结构和句型
一、主语
（一）主语的确定：汉语中长主语，短谓语的句子翻译，即戏称“头大身子小”的句型。【“尾重”
原则（end weight）】
1. 我国政府愿意在平等互利、相互开放、长期合作、共同发展的基础上，进一步加强同亚洲各国
的经济合作和贸易交流。
The Chinese government stands ready to further strengthen economic cooperation and trade ties with other Asianations on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, mutual openness, long-term cooperation and common development.
2. 未来老百姓的生活会更好。
× The life of the people in the future will be better.
√ The people will lead/ live a better life in the future.
3. 中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国西部开发的机会将越来越多。
× The opportunities for foreign businesses to participate in China’s development of the western region will increase.
√ Foreign businesses will have more and more opportunities to participate in China’s development of the western region.
4. 浙江大学建校100年来，办学取得了巨大成功。
× Zhejiang University has been established for more than 100 years, and made great achievements / made a huge success in its school running.
√ Zhejiang University has made great achievements / made a huge success in its school running since its establishment 100 years ago.
5. 该产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。
This product is chiefly characterized by its fine workmanship and durability.
6. 语言这个东西不是随便就可以学好的，非下苦工夫不可。
The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.
7. 如今，年过半百的他还是时常想起自己童年时代的玩伴。
Even now, memories of his childhood playmates haunt the man in his fifties.
8. 我们相信，在新的一年里，通过双方的努力，我们的业务和友好合作关系会得到发展。
We believe we will be able to develop business relations and friendly cooperation through our common efforts in the coming year.
9. 尽管己退居二线，他的工作热情丝毫不减。
He works enthusiastically as ever even though he has retired from the leading post.
10. 我来到杭州教书，完全是一个巧合。
It has been an unexpected piece of luck for me to become a teacher in Hangzhou.
11. 进行社会主义现代化建设，必须尊重知识，尊重人才。
In our drive for socialist modernization, we must respect knowledge and talented people.
（二）名词化
12. 捕获萨达姆·侯赛因并不意味着在伊拉克的冲突会就此结束。
The capture of Saddam Hussein does not mean the end of conflict in Iraq.
13. 医疗服务不能改变预期寿命，许多当代的临床护理在治病中所起的作用也并不重要，这些事实
都是有据可查的。
The impotence of medical services to change life expectancy and insignificance of much contemporary clinical care in the curing of disease are all well-documented.
14. 中国加入世界贸易组织，将为中国和亚洲以及世界各国各地区经济的发展注入新的活力。
China’s entry into the WTO will instill new vitality into the economic growth of China as well as other countries and regions in Asia and beyond.
15. 坚持一个中国的原则，是实现和平统一的基础和前提。
Adherence to the principle of one China is the basis and premise for peaceful reunification.
16. 如果英国同意进行克隆，这将是世界上的首例。这也会促进其他国家放松对于胚胎研究的限制。
UK’s approval of cloning, a world first, would encourage other countries to ease restrictions on embryo research.
17. 两代人缺乏交流，代沟不断加深，这使得一些家庭深感烦恼。
The widening generation gap resulting from the lack of communications between generations is upsetting some families.
18. 新的景点不断出现，观光人数不断增加，地区经济也有了很大发展。
The emergence of one new scenic spot after another and the influx of more and more tourists have also boosted the economy of the region.
19. 黄色书刊及音像制品现己难觅踪迹，这证明了中国的扫黄运动正在取得进展。
The disappearance of such materials as pornographic and obscene books, periodicals and tapes is proof thatChina’s campai gn against porns is making progress.
20. 农民缺乏培训，许多农场生产效率低下，这就使得大多数农民处于贫困的困境。
Inadequate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farms place the majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position in their own countries.
21. 汽车数量与日俱增，大气污染日益加重，让城市的居民们倍感恼火。
The urban dwellers are/feel exasperated by the constantly growing number of cars / automobiles and the increasingly severe air pollution.
二、定语
22. 产生的热量等于消耗了的电能。
The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy wasted.
23. 当向上的力与向下的力相等时，气球就保持在这一高度。
The balloon stays at the level when the force upward equals the force downward.
24. 据报道，今年全国应届大学毕业生面临前所未有的就业压力。
It is reported that the graduates fresh from college all over the country this year are faced with unprecedented pressure of employment.
25. 一切物质，不论是气态、液态，还是固态，都由原子组成。
All substances, whether gaseous, liquid or solid, are made of atoms.
26. 上海的许多大公司都专门设有售后服务中心，接受维修业务和处理客户投诉，目的在于与国际
接轨。
Many large companies in Shanghai have geared themselves to the international conventions by setting up after-sales services to accept repairs and deal with customers’ complaints.
27. 从新闻媒介所暴露的情况来看，不正之风在一些地区已非常严重，必须采取严格措施刹住这股
歪风。
Some austere measures should be taken to check the unhealthy tendencies which, according to the press exposures, were rampant in some localities.
28. 经济全球化是当今世界经济发展的客观趋势，其基本特征是资本、技术、商品、信息和服务在
全球范围内自由流动和优化配置，使世界各国经济相互依存、相互影响日益加深，给世界各国经济发展带来了新的动力和机遇。
Economic globalization is the objective trend of the economic development in the world today, featured by the free flow and optimized allocation of capital, technology, information and service in the global context, making the economic interdependence and interaction between various countries ever stronger, and has brought about new driving forces and opportunities for the economic development of all countries in the world.
29. 大部分反对转基因食品的呼声来自于富裕的西方国家，那里的人民生活富足，不愁温饱。
Opposition to genetically modified foods had come mostly from rich Western countries, whose people had more than enough to eat.
30. 美国报纸和世界其他国家一样，既有耸人听闻的小报，报道犯罪、色情和小道消息，也有严肃
报刊，聚焦时事新闻，分析国际时事。
Like the press in most other countries, American newspapers range from the sensational, which feature crime, sex and gossip, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events.
31. 英特尔是世界上最大的微处理器制造商，虽然劳动力市场紧俏，英特尔却大获成功。
Intel, the world’s largest microprocessor maker, experienced a surge of success in a tough labor market.
32. 哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国大学之一。中国教育界、科学界、文化界一直同哈佛大学保
持着学术交流。
Harvard, one of the first American universities to accept Chinese students, has all along maintained academic exchanges with the Chinese educational, scientific and cultural communities.
三、状语
（一）现在分词
33. 游行队伍唱着歌，呼着口号，浩浩荡荡穿过广场。
Singing and shouting slogans, the parade moved across the square like a flood.
34. 他和家人一起沐浴在春天的阳光之下，享受双休日所带来的乐趣。
Taking advantage of the two-day off, he basked in the spring sunshine with his family.
35. 从车窗里瞥见寒风中的一个无家可归的小乞丐，一阵伤感涌上她的心头。
× Catching a glimpse of / spotting a little homeless beggar in the chill wind from her car window, a wave of sentiment swept over her.
√ When she caught a glimpse / sight of / spotted a little homeless beggar in the chill wind from her car window, a wave of sentiment swept over her.
（二）独立主格
36. 由于电阻很大，电路中通过的电流就小。
The resistance being very high, the current in the circuit was low.
37. 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
（三）过去分词短语
38. 浙江大学前身求是书院成立于1897年，为中国人自己最早创办的新式高等学府之一。
Founded in 1897, Zhejiang University was initially known as “Qiushi Academy”, one of the earliest modern institutions of higher learning established in China.
39. 如果不适当处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。
Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities.
（四）动词不定式、形容词（短语）、介词（短语）、连词等
40. 为了充分发掘人才潜力，不仅应该允许人才合理流动，而且还要鼓励人才流动。
To fully tap the human resources, the rational flow of trained personnel should not only be allowed but also be encouraged.
41. 虽然他单独一人住在这幢房子里、但他埋头于研究工作，一点也没有感到孤独。
Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt anything but lonely.
42. 要不是下雨，我们的旅行本来是很愉快的。
But for the rain we should have had a pleasant journey.
43. 物体一旦运动，就会因惯性而持续运动。
An object, once in motion, will keep on moving because of its inertia.
44. 这房子尽管富丽堂皇，但是住起来一点也不舒服。
With all its magnificence, the house is not at all comfortable to live in.
45. 如果伟大的国家互相为敌，那么，他们便无法相互汲取长处。
Great nations, if adversaries, cannot draw from each other’s strengths.
（五）定语从句
46. 我爷爷明天就满80岁了，但他仍然热衷与户外运动。
My grandpa, who will be eighty tomorrow, is still a keen sportsman.
47. 他想写一篇文章，引起公众对这件事的注意。
He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter.
48. 听说经理病了，不会来参加今天的会议了。
The manager, who is said to have fallen ill, won’t come to the meeting today.
49. 新闻记者应坚决反对有偿新闻，因为它违背了新闻记者的职业道德。
Journalists should firmly object to the payoff-aimed journalism which deviates from the press ethics.
四、句型
1. It is said / reported / predicated / believed / asserted / supposed / well-known / generally considered… that…据…It must be admitted / pointed out… that…
a)预计中国打算在近期购买私车的人数将达到三百万。
It is predicted that the car purchasers in China will amount to 3 million in the near future.
b)到2008年第四季度，国民经济年均增长率预计将达到10%。
The annual average growth rate of national economy is estimated to reach 10% by the last quarter of 2008.
c)必须指出，这样的错误不能再犯。
It must be pointed out that mistakes of this kind should not be repeated.
d)看来这两个科学分支是相互依存，相互作用的
It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting.
e) 已经证明，感应电压使电流的方向与产生电流的磁场力方向相反。It has been proved that induced voltage causes a current to flow in opposition to the force producing it.
f) 直到十九世纪人们才认识到热是能量的一种形式。It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy.
g)人们常说科学是把双刃剑，增长了财富，带来了安逸的同时，也使人们恐惧着克隆人之类的潜在危险。Science is often referred to as a double-edged sword, increasing our wealth and comfort while leaving people in fear of potential dangers like human cloning.
2. It is important (necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, expensive, desirable, advisable, convenient, comfortable) for sb. to do
人们希望建立更多的医院、购物中心、娱乐中心、电影院和其他公用设施来满足人民日益增长的需求。It is desirable to build more hospitals, shopping centers, recreation centers, cinemas and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people.
3. It is/was… that / who…
是他最先得知消息，说谢晋导演前一天去世了。
It was he who received the message that Mr. Xie Jin, a movie director, died in the previous day.
4. It is not that… but that…这不是说…，而是说…
这并不是说在一种情况下所使用的磅秤和在另一种情况下所使用的天平在构造原理上或工作方式上存在差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然更加准确。
It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.
5. 就…而言；在…方面in terms of…; in light of…; in respect of…
6. 以. . . 为目的；为了…with a view to doing…; for the purpose of…; in the hope of…; in order to /
that…; so as to…
7. 鉴于…；考虑到in consideration of…; in the spirit of…
8. 由于；因为thanks to; owing to; because of…; due to; to attribute… to…
9. （如此）…以至于…so / such… that…; to go so far as to…
10. 容易…；（很）可能… is (most) likely to do…; tend to do…; be inclined to…; be apt to do…
It is subject to coughs, asthma, and the like. 易得咳嗽、气喘等类似的病。
11. 是为了…；用于…be designed to do…; be intended for…
这样做是为了促使学生学习，而学习应当是学生生活中迫切的任务。
It is designed to make students study, which should be their immediate mission in life.
12. 显然易见…；显然it is evident / self-evident / obvious that…
不管他怎样同时采取军事和外交行动，他走的显然将不得不是一条极其脆弱的钢丝。
Whatever combination of military and diplomatic action is taken, it is evident that he is having to tread an extremely delicate tight-rope.
13. 擅长于… be good / apt at…; be experienced in…
14. 应当…；注意…；必须…；安排…；优先…
应当注意采取有效措施防止空气污染。
Attention should be paid to the effective measures to prevent air pollution.
优先发展科技教育。
Priority will be given to development of science, technology and education.
组织实施好“西电东送”、“西气东输”等重点工程。
Proper arrangements will be make for carrying our important projects such as the facilities to divert electricity and gas from the west to the east.
必须努力扭转当前经济的下滑趋势，反对贸易保护主义。
Efforts should be made to reverse the current economic downturn and fight against protectionism in trade.
15. 只要/只有…才能only by doing… can we…. ; only in this way can. . . ; before…; unless…
我们对问题要作全面分析，才能解决得妥当。
We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved.
只有在提高效率的前提下保持快速的经济增长，我们才能缓解生产经营困难，减轻就业压力，促进经济结构调整，增加财政收入，防范金融风险，保持社会稳定。
Only by maintaining a fast economic growth on the basis of improved performance can we relieve the operational difficulties of enterprises, reduce the pressure of unemployment, promote economic restructuring, increase the State revenue, prevent financial risks, and maintain social stability.
在新世纪里，只要充分发挥自己的优势，亚洲一定能够为促进世界的和平与发展做出更多的贡献。Asia will surely make a greater contribution to world peace and development in the new century as long as it gives full play to its advantages.
16. 基于一个前提；在…的前提下/条件下on the premise/ ground / prerequisite / proposition /
hypothesis / presupposition that…; on condition that…; provided that… / given / given that…
中国政府在宣布实行和平统一的方针时，是基于一个前提，即当时的台湾当局坚持世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。
The Chinese declared to implement the policy of peaceful reunification on the premise that the then Taiwan authorities maintained that there is only one China in the world and Taiwan is only one part of China.
Advice to investors was based on the premise that interest rates would continue to fall.
对投资者的建议是以利率会继续下跌为根据的。
17. 不但…，而且…not only…, but also…
中国的统一和富强，不仅是祖国大陆各族人民的根本利益所在，同样是台湾各族同胞的根本利益所在，而且有利于远东和世界和平。
The reunification of China and her prosperity not only represent the vital interests of the people of different nationalities on the mainland and those of the compatriots of various nationalities in Taiwan, but also favor the peace in the Far East and the world.
18. 一方面…，另一方面 on (the) one hand…; on the other (hand); for one…; for another
19. 即；也就是说 that is (to say); i. e. ; namely; to wit;
20. 总之；简言之 all in all; in short; in a nutshell
21. 突然想到… it occurs to sb. that…
22. 可以说…it can be said without exaggeration that…; it is safe to say that…
23. 直到…才not until; not… until
直到喷气发动机发明以后，飞机才能以超音速的速度飞行。
Not until the invention of the jet engine could airplanes travel at supersonic speeds.
24. cannot… too再…也不过分；越…越好；应该
校对时越仔细越好。
You cannot be too careful in proofreading.
我们应该十分重视这件事情。
We can’t attach too much importance to the matter.
25. other… than或other than不同于；非；除了
当这些反应物放在一起时, 常发生不希望有的一些反应。
Reactions other than the desired one often occur when reactants are brought together.
除了窗之外，屋子的其他部分都完好无损。
All parts of the house other than the windows were in good condition.
26. the last N. to V. 最不可能的
She would be the last person to go along with the scheme.
他可能会是最不同意这项计划的人。
That’s the last thing I’d expect you to do.
那是我最不期望你做的事情。
27. 无需spare the trouble to do…
不遗余力spare no effort to do…
网上购物的优点之一就是购物者无需亲临现场，既省时又省力。
One of the advantages of online shopping is that it spares the shopper the trouble to go to the shop in person, saving him both time and energy.
28. only to 结果却…【表示与句子谓语动作的目的相反的结果】
他们不必花钱去戏院、电影院或歌剧院，买价格很贵的戏票，结果却发现，所演的节目令人失望。They don’t have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema or the opera, only to discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing.
29. 远不；根本不；只不过是 not nearly; by no means, far from; anything but; nothing but
食品供应将远远赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正面临危机。
The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match the population growth, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.
科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式, 也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确而严谨的解释的表达方式.
The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.
30. to say nothing of; not to speak of; not to mention; let alone; much less; still less;
worse still 更不要说…，更不用说…
旧中国几乎没有什么机器制造工业，更不用说电子工业了。
In old China, there was hardly any industry, to say nothing of an electronic industry.
那时他连普通生活都不能维持，更不要说奢侈品了。
At that time they could not afford the ordinary comforts of life, not to speak of luxuries.
他们有了3个好儿子，而且还有2个可爱的女儿。
They have three fine sons, not to speak of their two lovely daughters.
我连代数几何都不懂，更不必说微积分了。
I don’t know algebra or geometry, let alone / not to mention calculus.
我不同意这种罢工行为，更谈不上参加了。
I could not agree to, much less / still less participate in such strike.
31. no more… than…和…一样都不
心脏和胃一样都无智力可言，因为它们都是由大脑控制的。
The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.
他们没有理由限制你服用多少维生素，就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。
There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how much water you drink.
It is not easy to impart knowledge any more than it is to acquire knowledge.
获取知识不易，传授知识也不易。
32. 没能够；不能… fail / failure
政府官员如果严重违法，或是玩忽职守就会被免去职务。
Public officials may be removed from office for failing to perform their duties properly as well as for serious violations of law.
失约failure to keep a promise
我们决不辜负我们的父母对我们的期望。
We will never fail to live up to what our parents expect of us.
当他最需要朋友的时候，他们却令他失望。
His friends failed him when he most needed them.
到最后我说不出话来了。
Words failed me at the last minute.
33. 以…方式 / 形式in form of…; by means of…
34. 决不…in no case / circumstance / sense / way should…
35. 一定（会）…；注定be sure / bound / destined / doomed to do…; surely; certainly; necessarily 西部大开发一定能成为沟通世界各国与中国的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济的共同发展、共同繁荣。The great development of the western area is bound to serve as a bridge linking China to the rest of the world to promote their common economic development and prosperity.
36. 达到amount to…; reach; total;
到2007年，上海市人均国内生产总值预计将达到7500美元。
The per capita GDP in Shanghai is estimated to reach US. $ 7, 500 by 2007.
37. 占…百分之… take up; constitute; account for
38. 居/ 排在第…位：rank后接序数词the first/second… in…等。
中国国内生产总值已居全球第六位，但人均水平却排在第138位。
× China’s GDP ranks the sixth globally, but its per capita GDP ranks the 138th.
√ China ranks the 6th in its GDP globally, but (ranks) the 138th in its per capita GDP.
香港的电影制作名列世界前茅。
Hong Kong ranks among the best in its film-making.
39. 表倍数等as… as…
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了三分之二。
The switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened three times.
电磁波传送的速度和光速相同。
Electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed as light.
声音在水中的传播速度几乎是在空气中传播速度的五倍。
In water sound travels nearly five times as fast as in air.
氧与氢比较，重量大约是它的十六倍。
Compared with hydrogen, oxygen is nearly 16 times as heavy.
40. 要么…, 要么…leave sb the choice of … or …; either… or…
敌人冷酷无情，我们要么顽强抵抗，要么屈膝投降。
Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission.
年过三十，要么成家，要么单身。
The age of 30s leaves you the choice of marriage or remaining a bachelor.
41. 都不neither… nor…; no…
42. 有助于…；有利于be the instrument of sth. ; be conducive to sth. ; facilitate
运动有益于健康。
Exercise is conducive to health.
他所建立的组织最终使他垮了台。
The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall.
能够让你幸福，我愿意付出我的一切。
If I can be the instrument of your happiness, I will sacrifice all my belongings.
43. 追溯到…it was the memory/memories of…; it can be dated back to…
追溯到1964年东京及1988年汉城举办的奥运会，可能分别被视为日韩两国发展的转折点。Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turning points in their nations’ development.
追溯到1945年广岛和长崎遭受原子弹攻击，从而形成了“零地带”这个术语。
It was the memory of 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki suffered from the attacks of atomic bomb, from which originated the term of “Zero Ground”.
44. 与…有关的情况或问题… a matter of sth. / doing sth.
处理这些问题全凭经验。
Dealing with these problems is all a matter of experience.
请思考一下同一个人现在及八年前说的话。“说到底，‘贫穷’与其说是生活在贫穷的国家里，还不如说是技艺不精。”
Considering the following statements, made by the same man eight years apart. “Eventually, being ‘poor’ won’t be as much a matter of living in a poor country as it will be a matter of having poor skills. ”
45. 必不可少的；不可或缺的be indispensible for…
46. 这恰如；正如；也会This is the similar case with/when; the same is true of…
这恰如我们虽然看不懂莫扎特乐曲的总谱，却照样能同它的主旋律产生共鸣，击节称赞。
This is the similar case when the main melody can evoke a strong echo for us to clap our hands in admiration despite our disability to understand the score of Mozart’s musical pieces.
除此以外，老百姓的服务性消费，如教育，信息，旅游等消费也会大量增长。
Besides, this is also the case with the citizen’s expenditure such as education, information, traveling. Vice versa 反之亦然
47. 这一点也证明了…；这点反映在以下事实 be exemplified by
美国人想把儿童和成人的世界划清界限，这一愿望还反映在以下事实：如果父母在事故中丧生，人们总是设法晚点将消息告诉他们的子女。
This American desire to keep the children’s world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the practice of delaying transmission of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an accident.
体力劳动者在任何场合通常都相当自在。收入档次不同的人上同一所学校，这个事实多少说明了这一点。
The manual worker is usually quite at ease in any company. This is partly explained by the fact that people of all income groups go together to the same schools.
48. 是；认为 constitute…
历史雄辩地说明，中美之间建立在平等互利基础上的劳动分工是最为合理和实用的国际关系。History has proved eloquently that the division of labor based on equality and mutual benefit between China and USA constitutes the most reasonable and practical international relationship.
我的决定不应视为先例。
My decision does not constitute a precedent.
这一失败是我们外交上的一次较大的挫折。
The defeat constitutes a major set-back for our diplomacy.
49. 见证…witness…; see a time or event witnesses sth/sb in a particular situation or doing a
particular thing.
经过二十多年的快速发展，中国西部地区已奠定了一定的物质技术基础，社会保持稳定，市场经济体制正在逐步建立和完善，为西部经济持续快速增长创造了有利的市场环境。
The rapid development in the past 20-plus years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China
在下一轮的会谈中，我们将宣布中东地区永久停火协议，对此我抱有乐观态度并充满希望。
I am optimistic and hopeful that the next round of talk will witness a permanent cease-fire in the Middle East.
50. 体现在be embodied in / be represented by…
常用英文翻译十大技巧
一、增译法
指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。
①What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？（增译主语和谓语）
②If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.
要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！（增译主句）
③Indeed, the reverse is true. 实际情况恰好相反。（增译名词）
④就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。
Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights. （增译物主代词）
⑤只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。
While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. （增译连词）
⑥这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。
This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.（增译介词）
⑦在人权领域，中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。（增译暗含词语）
In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.
⑧三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind. （增译注释性词语）二、省译法
这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如：
①You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.
你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。（省译物主代词）
②I hope you will enjoy your stay here. 希望您在这儿过得愉快。（省译物主代词）
③中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。（省译名词）
The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection.
三、转换法
指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。具体的说，就是在词性方面，把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词；把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词；把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子成分方面，把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语；把谓语变成主语、定语、表语；把定语变成状语、主语；把宾语变成主语。在句型方面，把并列句变成复合句，把复合句变成并列句，把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面，可以把主动语态变为被动语态。如：
①我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。
Our instituteis co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government. （名词转动词）
②孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。（名词转动词）
Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.
③由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。（动词转名词）
Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensivenational strength has greatly improved.
④I’m all for you opinion. 我完全赞成你的意见。（介词转动词）
⑤The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.
改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。（动词转名词）
⑥In his article the author is critical of man’s negligence toward his environment.
作者在文章中，对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。（形容词转名词）
⑦In some of the European countries, the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance.
在有些欧洲国家里，人民享受最广泛的社会福利，如医疗保险等。（被动语态转主动语态）
⑧时间不早了，我们回去吧！We don’t have much time left. Let’s go back. （句型转换）
⑨学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。
All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically.（名词转副词）
四、拆句法和合并法
这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子，通常用于英译汉；合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多；英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句；而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处，以及意群结束处将长句切断，译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序，顺译全句，顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。如：
①Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.
同中国加强合作，符合美国的利益。（在主谓连接处拆译）
②I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitalityfor which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. 我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。（在定语从句前拆译）
③This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account.
英联邦各国尤其如此，它们认为英国加入欧共体，将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。（在定语从句前拆译）
④中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。
China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses. （合译）英语长难句翻译技巧及方法
英汉两种语言句子的不同特点是：英语书面语长句较多；汉语一般短句较多。英语句子结构较紧，多用主人结构，英语可有各种后置修饰语（介词短语、不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语以及从句），这些成分都是造成英语长句的原因；汉语句子结构较松，多用并列结构。有翻译经验的人们对这些特点作过形象的比喻，把英语句子结构比作“葡萄”，把汉语句子结构比作“竹节”。翻译长句时，可将英语的葡萄结构拆成汉语的竹节结构，即把成串的拆成成条的。
英汉两种语言的语序差异是：英语时间顺序灵活（表示时间的从句可以在主句之前或之后）；汉语一般是从先到后。英语逻辑顺序也比较灵活（表示原因、条件的从句可以在主句之前或之后）；汉语一般是前因后果，先进条年，后谈结果。英语中的句词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）与汉语句子主谓宾的语序基本一致，因此，一般都可按汉语的表达方式处理。
1.顺序法如果英语长句的时间顺序、逻辑顺序以及名词性从句与汉语句子的语序基本相似，一般可按原文顺序译：
本句时间状语从句在前，用顺序法译。
（1）As it was a fine day and I was in no hurry, I was taking my time, looking in shop windows, strolling in the park, and sometimes just stopping and looking around me.
由于天气晴朗，当时又无急事，我便慢悠悠看看橱窗，逛逛公园。有时干脆停下脚步，四处张望。
2.逆序法如果英语长句的时间顺序、逻辑顺序与汉语句子的语序相反，一般可逆原文顺序译。如：（2）“Neither believe nor reject anything, ” he wrote to his nephew,
“because any other person has rejected or believed it ……”他在给侄子的信中写道：“不要因为别的人相信或拒绝了什么东西，你也就去相信它或拒绝它。……”
3.分译法由于的英语可有各种后置修饰语，所以有些英语句子很长。为了符合汉语表达习惯，我们常可将长句中的一连患后置修饰语与其修饰成分分开来译，即把短语或从句拆译为短句，有时还需将后置修饰语另作适当安排并适当增加词语。如：
(1)A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June,must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her bodys needs but also to produce milk for her fawns.
一只成熟健壮的母鹿，在十一月份怀胎，五月底或六月初生下两只幼鹿，这时，他必须寻找食物以获得必要的能量，这不仅是为了满足自身的需要，而且也是为了给幼鹿生产乳汁。本句的中心词deer 后跟了一个长定语从句，用分译法译，化长为短。
4.综合法综合法是长句翻译时常常使用的方法，即把上述顺序法、逆序法和分译法综合起来使用。
(1)Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is convert ed into energy, which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive.
能量是生态系统的货币，只有当食物转变为能量，能量再用来寻找更多的食物以供生长、繁殖和生存时，生命才成为可能。这是一句并更复合句。第二个主要分句中有一个由only when引导的时间状语从句和一个非限制性定语从句。用逆序法将时间状语从句提前的，用分译法译非限制性定语从句。英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法
英语长句也就是复杂句，里面可能会有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可可能为并列，包含与被包含、镶嵌等形式。因此分析长难句或者翻译长难句，首要解决的应该是弄清楚从句以及清楚从句之间的关系。英语经常出现的复合句包括：名词性从句，它又包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；形容词性从句，即定语从句；另外还有一种叫做状语从句。
1、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构；
2、找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词；
3、分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等；以及词，短语和从句之间的关系；
4、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。
例句：In Africa I met a boy，who was crying as if his heart would break and said，when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days. 例句分析：
第一，拆分句子。
这个长句可以拆分为四段：①“In Africa I met a boy”②“who was crying as if his heart would break”、③“when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because”、④“he had had no food for two days”.
第二，句子的结构分析。
(1)主干结构是主语+过去式+宾语——“I met a boy”；
(2)“crying”后面是壮语从句“as if his heart would break”；
(3)“when I spoke to him”是介于“said”和“that he was hungry because”之间的插入语。
第三，难点部分的处理。
“crying as if his heart would break”应译为哭得伤心极了。
参考译文：在非洲，我遇到一个小孩，他哭得伤心极了，我问他时，他说他饿了，两天没有吃饭了。以上是对于一般长难句的结构较为基础的解析方法。长难句的解析方法具体来讲可以分为分译法、顺序法、综合法、逆序法等。
1、分译法
有些英语长句的主句与从句或主句与修饰语间的关系并不十分密切，为使意思连贯，可把长句中的从句或短语化为句子分开来叙述，有时还可适当增加词语。例如：
“He became deaf at five after an attack of typhoid fever. ”该句有两个介词短语，代表两层意思。因此，按照分译法，打破原句的结构翻译成：他五岁的时候，生了一场伤寒病，变成了聋子。
2、顺序法
有些英语长句按逻辑关系安排，与汉语的表达方式比较一致，或者叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排，这类句子可按原文顺序译出。这里不予以举例。
3、逆序法
逆序法即倒置法。有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同，甚至语序完全相反，这就必须从原文的后面译起，逆着原文的顺序翻译。例如：
“There was little hope of continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose in a neighborhood that was strange to me. ”该句可分为三部分
①“There was little hope”；
②“continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose”；
③“in a neighborhood that was strange to me. ”
前两层表结果，第三层表原因。这句英语长句的叙述层次与汉语逻辑相反，因此要打破原句的结构，按照汉语造句的规律重新加以安排。译为，这一带我不熟悉，天黑以后继续进行调查，取得结果的希望不大。
4、综合法
另有一些英语长句用前三种翻译方法翻译时都有困难，需要用综合法。即或按时间先后，或按逻辑先后，或按逻辑顺序，有顺有逆地进行综合处理。例如：
“The phenomenon describes the way in which light physically scatters when it passes through particl es in the earth’s atmosphere that are1/10 in diameter of the color of the light. ”
该句可以分解为四个部分
①“The phenomenon describes the way”；
②“in which light physically scatters”；
③“when it passes through particles in the earth‘s atmosphere”；
④“that are1/10in diameter of the color of the light. ”
其中，第一、二和三、四部分之间是修饰与被修饰的关系。用综合法来处理这个句子，即合译前三部分，第四部分用分译法，这样译出来的句子就非常符合汉语的表达习惯。译为，这种现象说明了光线通过地球大气微粒时的物理散射方式。大气微粒的直径为有色光直径的十分之一。
我们可以看出，长难句结构复杂，逻辑性强，翻译起来困难相当大。但是，无论多长的句子、多么复杂的结构，它们都是由一些基本的成分组成的。只要弄清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析各层意思之间的逻辑关系，再按汉语的特点和表达方式就可以译出原文了。在长句的英译汉实践中，我们始终应记住英汉在句法结构上的差异，不必拘泥于形式。
自考本科英汉互译-汉译英常用结构和句型
汉译英常用结构和句型 一、主语 （一）主语的确定：汉语中长主语，短谓语的句子翻译，即戏称“头大身子小”的句型。【“尾重” 原则（end weight）】 1. 我国政府愿意在平等互利、相互开放、长期合作、共同发展的基础上，进一步加强同亚洲各国 的经济合作和贸易交流。 The Chinese government stands ready to further strengthen economic cooperation and trade ties with other Asianations on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, mutual openness, long-term cooperation and common development. 2. 未来老百姓的生活会更好。 × The life of the people in the future will be better. √ The people will lead/ live a better life in the future. 3. 中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国西部开发的机会将越来越多。 × The opportunities for foreign businesses to participate in China’s development of the western region will increase. √ Foreign businesses will have more and more opportunities to participate in China’s development of the western region. 4. 浙江大学建校100年来，办学取得了巨大成功。 × Zhejiang University has been established for more than 100 years, and made great achievements / made a huge success in its school running. √ Zhejiang University has made great achievements / made a huge success in its school running since its establishment 100 years ago. 5. 该产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。 This product is chiefly characterized by its fine workmanship and durability. 6. 语言这个东西不是随便就可以学好的，非下苦工夫不可。 The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 7. 如今，年过半百的他还是时常想起自己童年时代的玩伴。 Even now, memories of his childhood playmates haunt the man in his fifties. 8. 我们相信，在新的一年里，通过双方的努力，我们的业务和友好合作关系会得到发展。 We believe we will be able to develop business relations and friendly cooperation through our common efforts in the coming year. 9. 尽管己退居二线，他的工作热情丝毫不减。 He works enthusiastically as ever even though he has retired from the leading post. 10. 我来到杭州教书，完全是一个巧合。 It has been an unexpected piece of luck for me to become a teacher in Hangzhou. 11. 进行社会主义现代化建设，必须尊重知识，尊重人才。 In our drive for socialist modernization, we must respect knowledge and talented people. （二）名词化 12. 捕获萨达姆·侯赛因并不意味着在伊拉克的冲突会就此结束。 The capture of Saddam Hussein does not mean the end of conflict in Iraq. 13. 医疗服务不能改变预期寿命，许多当代的临床护理在治病中所起的作用也并不重要，这些事实 都是有据可查的。 The impotence of medical services to change life expectancy and insignificance of much contemporary clinical care in the curing of disease are all well-documented. 14. 中国加入世界贸易组织，将为中国和亚洲以及世界各国各地区经济的发展注入新的活力。 China’s entry into the WTO will instill new vitality into the economic growth of China as well as other countries and regions in Asia and beyond. 15. 坚持一个中国的原则，是实现和平统一的基础和前提。 Adherence to the principle of one China is the basis and premise for peaceful reunification.
高考中译英常用短语句型汇总
高考中译英常用短语句型汇总 1. 我从未在任何地方看到过Nowhere else have I seen… 2. 英语写作write in English 3. 一事无成achieve nothing 4. 为所欲为do whatever they like 5. 结果证实The work proved that / to be… 6. 尽快as soon as possible 7. 付诸实践put…into practice 8. 被剥夺了业余时间be deprived of one’s spare / free / leisure time 9. 更糟糕的是To make things worse 10. 考试中作弊cheat in the exam 11. 向老师道歉make an apology to the teacher 12. 享用电脑have access to computers 13. 给我们的生活带来了方便bring great convenience to our daily lives 14. 作为学生as a student / being a student 15. 抵制吸烟的诱惑resist the temptation of smoking 16. 认真考虑take into consideration 17. 你提出的意见the proposal you put up 18. 再也忍不住could no long put up with 19. 没有得到晋升not having been promoted 20. 及时的降雨the timely rain 21. 从。。。中获得很多好处benefited a lot from 22. 在一定程度上to a certain degree 23. 客观反映了hospitality reflect 24. 当地人的内在素质quality of the local people 25. 得到晋升get promotion 26. 一无所知know nothing about 27. 毕业于graduate from 28. 合理的解释the reasonable explanation 29. 从未想过never occur to sb. 30. 被派往国外深造be sent abroad for further study 31. 不管你做什么whatever you do 32. 勤能补拙diligence can make up for the lack of intelligence 33. 不可能be unlikely to 34. 使我受益非浅benefits me a lot 35. 显而易见It’s obvious that…/ Obviously, 36. 自信的人people with self-confidence 37. 对社会产生了巨大的影响have made a great impact on society 38. 回顾过去的100年look back at the past 100 years 39. 无论面对何种挑战Whatever challenges we have face 40. 全力以赴try one’s best 41. 使大家印象深刻deeply impress everyone 42. 面带微笑wear a smile
汉译英常用技巧
词汇汉译英常用技巧（1）对等译法 对等是翻译的最高境界，但完全的对等几乎是不可能的。所以，可以采取大致对等的手法（所谓大致对等，是指比喻的方式基本一致，但意象,也就是比喻所用的image发生了改变）： e.g.1.扪心自问，他不得不承认自己错了。 By searching his heart, he could not but admit that he was in the wrong. 2.你真是福星高照。 You have a lucky star above you. 3.我们必须全力以赴，拿下这场比赛。 We must go all out to win this game. 4.你真不该插手他们的事情。 You really shouldn’t have poked your nose into their business. 5.那种情形之下，他除了忍气吞声又能怎样呢？ As things stood, what could he do but swallow the insult? 6.他们个个摩拳擦掌，士气高涨，准备再打一个漂亮仗。 Being in high morale, every one of them rolled up their sleeves, eager to win another brilliant victory.
7.为了救他的母亲，他赴汤蹈火。 He went through fire and flood to save his mother. 8.在纽约市寻找一个失落的小孩，那简直是大海捞针。 Looking for a missing child in New York City. Tha t’s like looking for a needle in a hay stack. 9.对问题视而不见并不能解决问题。 Turning a blind eye to a problem won’t solve the problem. 10.为了迷人眼目，他们把自己打扮成革命者。 To throw dust into the eye of the public, they decked themselves out as revolutionaries. 11.有时候老虎走近些，但对驴子还是敬而远之。 Sometimes the tiger ventured nearer, but still kept a respectable distance from the donkey. Exercise : 1.哀公问于孔子曰，寡人闻之，东益宅不祥，信有之乎？孔子曰，不祥有五，而东益不与焉。夫损人益己，身之不祥也；弃老取幼，家之不祥也；择贤用不肖，国之不祥也；老者不教，幼者不学，俗之不祥也；圣人伏匿，天下之不祥也。兆:presage ;omen 损人益己:to harm others to benefit oneself 贤:solon/sagacious person 不肖:unworthy 俗:custom 圣人:sage/saint 伏匿/匿伏:to stay in concealment
大学英语四级翻译常考句式及词组
一、常用单词组 education 教育 input in education 教育投入 communal participation 社会参与enhance the moral awareness of 提高……的思想品德 professional ethics 职业道德 credit system 学分制 guarantee job assignments 包分配multidisciplinary 多学科的 key university 重点大学 national expenditure on education 国家教育经费 account for…% 占百分比 intercultural communication 国际文化交流 equal stress on integrity and ability 德才兼备 to become educated through independent study 自学成材 compulsory education 普及教育preschool/elementary/secondary/higher / education 学前/初等/中等/高等教育adult education 成人教育 vocational and technical education 职业技术教育 institutions of higher learning 高等学校 inservice training course 在职进修班compulsory/optional course 必修/选修课 record of formal schooling 学历diploma 文凭，学历证明 二、常用句型 1、It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型 She had said what it was necessary to say. 2、强调句型 It is not who rules us that is important , but how he rules us. 3、"All+抽象名词"或"抽象名词+itself"(very+形容词) He was all gentleness to her. 4、利用词汇重复表示强调 A crime is a crime a crime. 5、"something(much)of"和"nothing(little)of" "something of"相当于"to some extent"，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为"anything of "，可译为"有点"，"略微等。""译为毫无"，"全无"。"much of"译为"大有"，"not much of"可译为"算不上"，"称不上"，"little of"可译为"几乎无"。something like译为"有点像，略似。" They say that he had no universty education , but he seems to be something of a scholar. 6、同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，"of"以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰"of"后面的那个名词。如"her old sharper of a father"，可译为："她那骗子般的父亲"。 Those pigs of girls eat so much. 7、as…as…can(may)be It is as plain as plain can be. 8、"It is in(with)…as in(with)" It is in life as in a journey. 9、"as good as…"相等于，就像，几乎如;实际上，其实，实在。 The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him. 10、"many as well…as"和"might as well …as" "many as well…as"可译为"与其……，
汉译英的几种翻译技巧
汉译英的几种常用技巧（一）常用的翻译技巧1. 增译2. 减译（省译）3. 重复 4. 转译 5. 语序（词序/句序）调整（倒置） 6. 拆句与合并7. 正说反译, 反说正译8. 语态变换 1.增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达 方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。 这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。 英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思完整。 总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。 1. I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到
2.Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 3.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。 4.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 5. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 6. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 7. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 8. 班门弄斧 Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 9. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。
英语五大基本句型汉译英练习试题
基本句型汉译英练习 一、主谓结构 二、主系表结构 三、主谓宾结构 四、主谓+双宾语结构 五、主谓+复合宾语结构 六、there be结构 一、主谓结构 说明： 本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如，The sun rises. 主语可有修饰语---定语，如，The red sun rises. 谓语可有修饰语---状语，如，The red sun rises in the east. 翻译练习： 1. 你应当努力学习。 2. 她昨天回家很晚。 3. 那天早上我们谈了很多。 4. 会议将持续两个小时。 5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 6.6. 这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。 .
7. 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 8. 每天八时开始上课。 9. 这个盒子重五公斤。 10. 五年前我住在北京。 11. 爱丽丝很会游泳。 12. 约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。 13. 秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 14. 我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 15. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。 二、主系表结构 说明：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有 （1）表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound. （2）表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand. （3）表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow. 翻译练习： 1. 我的兄弟都是大学生。
英语翻译常用句型
翻译中常见的句型 1．否定句型 1）部分否定。其否定意义只局限于整体中的一部分。其形式：“概括词all, every等+not+谓语动词”。常用于该句型词：all, both, everybody, everywhere, always, altogether, entirely, wholly等。 All is not gold that glitters. I do not wholly agree. 2) 完全否定。其形式：no, none 等否定词+肯定式谓语。常用于该句型词：no, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, never, neither, nowhere, nowise, 等。还有一种句型：all等概括词+肯定式谓语+否定意义的词。 No words can describe the scene. 任何言词均不能描绘那景色。 All his plan came to nothing. 3)双重否定 a.主语+cannot+ help/refrain/keep + from + v-ing He could not help showing his pleasure.他不由得喜形于色。 b.主语+cannot+ but/choose but/ help but +do They can not choose but admit that they are wrong. c.(there be) not +主语+but+谓语 (There is )Nobody but has his faults. 人人都有缺点。 2．判断句型 1）强调判断句 a.主语+be+ no/none +other than/but +表语（强调内容） The tall figure that I saw was none other than our commander. b.主语+be+ nothing+(else)but/ else than/ less than+ 表语 Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.天才只不过是劳动加勤奋而已。 c.it is/was +强调部分+that/ who +从句 It is I who am to blame. 2) 正反判断句 a.主语+be +not+表语a, but +表语b What I admire in Columbus is not his discovered a world, but his having gone to search for it on the faith of an opinion. b.(it is) not… that(who) …, but…that (who) Not that we are afraid of them, but that they are afraid of us. 3)比较判断句： a.主语+be less+表语a +than表语b / more+表语b+表语a Experience shows that success is due less to abilities than to zeal. b.主语+be+表语b+ rather than+表语a He is an artist rather than a philosopher. c.主语+be+ not so much +表语a+ as+表语b It is so much advice as approval that he seeks. 他寻求的与其说是忠告，不如说是忠告。3．倍数表示句型： a.主语+be+倍数+that of 被比较对象/ as +形容词+as+被比较对象
英语翻译常用句型(加精)
英语翻译常考句型详解 1.It is not that…but that… 这不是说…，而是说… 「例文」It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is much finer apparatus and of couse much more accurate in its measurement than the former. 「译文」这并不是说在一种情况下所使用的磅秤和在另一种情况下所使用的天平在构造原理上或工作方式上存在差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然更加准确。 2.nothing else than 完全是，实在是 「例文」What the man said was nothing else than nonsense. 「译文」那个人讲的话完全是一派胡言。 3.as引导的特殊状语从句，翻译时做定语从句处理。 「例文」We hope the measures to control prices, as they have been taken by the government, will succeed. 「译文」我们希望，政府已经采取的控制物价的措施将取得成功。 4.名词+or+名词结构中，or后的名词是同位语，应译为即…；或者称…. 「例文」Moreover， technology includes techniques , or ways to do things , as well as the manchines that may or may not be necessary to apply them. 「译文」再者，除机器外技术还包括技艺，即制作方法，而运用这些记忆并不一定都需要机器。 5.more…than…结构有三种译法：than连接肯定形式的从句时，该从句译为否定句；在比较的基础上表示选择关系时，可译为与其说…不如说；进行同类比较时，译成比…更. 「例文」The complexity of the human situation and injustice of the social order demand far more fundamental changes in the basic structure of society itself than some politicians are willing to admit in their speeches. 「译文」人类社会形势的复杂性和社会制度的不公正性要求对社会基本结构进行彻底变革，而一些政客口头上是很不愿意承认这一点的。 「分析」这是一个主从复合句，连词than前为主句，than后为从句。虽然本句是进行程度上的比较，但从句意义是否定的， 故译成否定句。 6.no more …than 与not… any more than no more …than 与not… any more than同义，不可简单地看成是more …than的否定形式。具体地说，这一结构可能是带有一定的感情色彩的否定形式，也可能是一种较特殊的类比形式。其翻译方法有二；表示同类否定比较时，可译为不比…更或都…同样不；表示比喻关系时，可译为正如…不，…也不. 「例文」The food on the ship was no better than on any other ship on which Billy had sailed. 「译文」这条船上(供应的)食品并不如比利工作过的其他船上的(食品)好。(括号里的词是可以省略的。) 「分析」这是一个主从复合句、主句是The food …no better , than on any other ship 是省略了比较对象的比较状语从句，从句on which引导的定语从句修饰先行词ship.本句中no more… than用于同类否定的比较，可译为不如…. 7.not so much as与其说…不如说… 「例文」Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. 「译文」新学派科学家说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普遍的东西。 「分析」这是一个主从复合句。插入语they say是主句，Science moves forward,……and tools是宾语从句。not so much……as 连接的是状语，as引导的状语从句中，由于上下文清楚，主谓语都省略了，即as(sciencemoves forward.)because of……not so much……as也可译为与其说……不如说……，它所表达的逻辑关系和more than有相似之处，也是在比较的基础上进行判断和选择，被比较的事物也同属一个范畴。所不同的是，more……than表示前重后轻的逻辑关系，而not so much… as和less than表示前轻后重的逻辑关系，这两个结构中信息重心落在句尾，因此不必倒过来译，只须按原文的词序顺译即可。
英语五大基本句型汉译英练习
基本句型汉译英练习 主谓结构 主系表结构 主谓宾结构 主谓+双宾语结构 主谓+复合宾语结构 主谓结构 说明： 本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如，The sun rises. 主语可有修饰语---定语，如，The red sun rises. 谓语可有修饰语---状语，如，The red sun rises in the east. 翻译练习： 1. 你应当努力学习。 You should study hard.. 2. 她昨天回家很晚。 She come home late yesterday. 3. 那天早上我们谈了很多。 We are talk a lot of that morning. 4. 会议将持续两个小时。 The conference will continue two hours 5. 在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 6. 这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。 The thing everyday will happen in the world. 7. 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 1919 years ago, outburst “five. four” movement in Beijing. 8. 每天八时开始上课。 Everyday begin classes at 8 o’clock. 9. 这个盒子重五公斤。 The box weight five kg. 10. 五年前我住在北京。 Five years ago, I live in Beijing. 11. 爱丽丝很会游泳。 Alice swimming very well. 12. 约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。 John’s father died last night. 13. 秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 There are some birds fly to south in the autumn.. 14. 我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 My grandfather got up very early. 15. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。 There are some students come to library borrow books in the every afternoon.
汉译英常见句型和短语
汉译英常用句型和短语 1.It is said / reported / predicated (断定)/ believed / asserted （宣称）/ supposed / well-known / generally considered… that… 据… It must be admitted / pointed out… that… 预计中国打算在近期购买私车的人数将达到三百万。 It is predicted that the car purchasers in China will amount to 3 million in the near future. 到2008年第四季度，国民经济年均增长率预计将达到10%。 The annual average growth rate of national economy is estimated to reach 10% by the last quarter of 2008. 必须指出，这样的错误不能再犯。 It must be pointed out that mistakes of this kind should not be repeated. 看来这两个科学分支是相互依存，相互作用的 It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting. 已经证明，感应电压使电流的方向与产生电流的磁场力方向相反。 It has been proved that induced voltage causes a current
英语句子翻译技巧
英语句子翻译技巧 以下浅谈英译汉的几点技巧。 第一，翻译时注意英文的句型，英文的句型一般来说有相应的中文译法。如It的句型的翻译： （1）It is＋名词十从句： It is a fact that…事实是…… It is a question that………是个问题 It is good news that………是好消息 it is common knowledge………是常识 (2) It is＋过去分词十从句： It is said that…据说…… I t must be pointed out that…必须指出…… It is asserted that…有人主张…… It is supposed that…据推测…… It is believed that…据信…… It must be admitted that…必须承认…… It is reported that…据报道…… It will be seen from ii that…由此可见…… It has been proved that…已证明…… It is general1y considered that…人们普遍认为…… （3）It is＋形容词十从句： It is necessary that…有必要…… It is likely that…很可能…… It is clear that…很清楚…… It is important that…重要的是…… (4) It＋不及物动词十从句： It follows that…由此可见…… It happens that…碰巧…… It turne d out that…结果是…… 第二，注意英语被动句的翻译。英文的被动句经常用汉语主动句表达，如：You are requested to give a performance 英文的被动句译成汉语的主动句：请你给我们表演一个节目。英文中被动意义也可以用汉语中含有主动意义的句子来表达。常译成“被”、“由”、“受”、
英语：基本句型汉译英练习答案
Ⅰ.基本句型汉译英练习主谓结构 说明： 本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如，The sun rises. 主语可有修饰语---定语，如，The red sun rises. 谓语可有修饰语---状语，如，The red sun rises in the east 翻译练习： 你应当努力学习。 她昨天回家很晚。 那天早上我们谈了很多。 会议将持续两个小时。 在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 每天八时开始上课。 这个盒子重五公斤。 五年前我住在北京。 爱丽丝很会游泳。 约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。 秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。 参考答案： You should study hard. She went home very late yesterday evening. That morning we talked a great deal. The meeting will last two hours. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. Classes begin at eight every day. This box weighs five kilos. I lived in Beijing five years ago. Alice swims very well.
(完整版)高中英语中译英练习(五种基本句型)附答案
基本句型汉译英练习主谓宾结构（一） 说明： 此结构是由主语+谓语+宾语够成。其中的谓语动词须是及物的动词或及物的动词词组。宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。 翻译练习： 昨晚我写了一封信。 今天下午我想同你谈谈。 这本书他读过多次了。 他们成功地完成了计划。 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。 我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 他不知道说什麽好。 他每天早晨洗冷水澡。 我开窗户你在意吗？ 参考答案： 1.I wrote a letter last night.
2.I want to talk with you this afternoon. 3.He has read this book many times. 4.They have carried out the plan successfully. 5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks. 6.That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently. 7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia. 8.Jim cannot dress himself. 9.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 10.He did not know what to say. 11.He takes a cold bath every morning. 12.Do you mind my opening the window? 主谓宾结构（二） 说明： 此结构中的谓语动词常常是动词词组,分两种情况:1.及物动词+副词，2.不及物动词+介词。 1.含有away, out, forward, up 等副词的动词词组是可拆分的。如， They carried out the plan successfully.我们还可以说， They carried the plan out successfully. 但我们只能说 As the plan was practical, they carried it out successfully. 动副词组都可以这样用，如，point out（指出）, carry out（执行）, put forward（提出）, work out（做出，算出）, find out（找出）, give up（放弃）, give away（赠送，分发）,pick up（拣起）, put up（挂上）, 等。 2. 而含有介词at, for, from, into, of, with, to 等的动介词组是不可拆分的。如，look after（照顾）, look at（瞧）, look for（寻找）, belong to（属于）, refer to（参考，提及）, think of（考虑，评价）, send for（派人去请）, care for（喜欢）,suffer from（受…之苦）, deal with(对付，应付), object to（反对）, pay for（付…的钱）,等。即我们只能说think of it,不能说think it of. in 在动词词组中用作副词，表示“在里面”，“往里进”，“在家”等意思。如，get in(收割),hand in（提交，交进）。 用作介词，表示“在…地点”，“在…范围”，“在…方面”。如，persist in(坚持)，succeed
汉译英常用短语
1. at the thought of一想到… 2. as a whole (=in general) 就整体而论 3. at will 随心所欲 4. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于，富有 5. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近，进入，了解 6. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地，意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地，- 7. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地,主动地 8. in accord with 与…一致. out of one’s accord with 同…。不一致 9. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地 10. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照，根据 11. on one’s own account 1) 为了某人的缘故，为了某人自己的利益 2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责 3) (=by oneself)依靠自己 12. take…into account(=consider)把..。考虑进去 13. give sb. an account of 说明，解释(理由) 14. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释，说明。 15. on account of (=because of) 由于，因为。 16. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要，无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装) 17. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控，控告
- 句子大全之汉译英句子翻译常见问题解析
- 【精品】PPT课件 基本句型汉译英练习 主谓结构(S十V)
- 高中英语基本句型汉译英练习题
- 汉译英：篇章的翻译
- 英语五大基本句型汉译英练习试题
- 汉译英中常见四字结构的翻译
- 汉译英十种经典句型
- 浙江大学汉译英常用结构和句型
- 初中汉译英技巧
- 英语：基本句型汉译英练习答案
- 【精品】PPT课件 基本句型汉译英练习 主谓结构(S十V)
- 英语五大基本句型惯性养成学习、汉译英练习
- 汉译英技巧-主语的选择
- 英语四级汉译英
- 自考本科英汉互译-汉译英常用结构和句型
- 初中汉译英技巧
- 英语：基本句型__汉译英练习
- 基本句型 汉译英练习
- 汉译英--主干类结构
- 高中英语中译英练习(五种基本句型)附答案