初中英语语法：被动语态

初中英语语法：被动语态

概念：英语有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者或发出者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。

构成：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成；

助动词be有人称、数及时态的变化；

含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成

被动语态的否定式是在助动词后加否定词not；而疑问式是将助动词移到主语前面即可Stamps can be used for sending letters. 邮票能用来寄信。

He was asked to go to the meeting immediately. 他被要求立刻去参加这个会议。

This kind of bike is not made in Tianjin. 这种自行车不是天津制造的。

Is this kind of bike make in Tianjin? 这种自行车是在天津制造的吗？

用法1.当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁或没有必要知道时，常用被动语态。

These desks are made of wood. 这些桌子是由木头做成的。

2.当需要强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。

Dictionaries can’t be used in the English exam. 词典不能在英语测试中使用。

3.为了使语气婉转、避免提到自己或对方、或由于修饰的需要而使用被动语态。

The homework must be handed in next Monday. 作业必须下周一交上。

被动语态的转换步骤：当主动语态变为被动语态时，通常要经过四步：

1.先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其谓语动词。

2.把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变成被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词时，应把宾格

变为主格

3.把主动句中的谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变。

4.把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语（没必要说出动作的执

行者时可略去“by+宾语”），若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变成宾格。

We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。

The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。

主动语态变被动语态应注意：1.时态要一致。

I wrote a letter to my pen pal yesterday. (一般过去时)

A letter was written to my pen pal yesterday (by me).

They will discuss the plan at the meeting.

2.含双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动结构变为被动结构时，可将其中一个宾语变

为主语，另一个不变；如果将主动结构的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，这时一般要加个介词to或for。My parents gave me a watch.

I was given a watch by my parents. A watch was given to me by my parents.

His father bought him a computer last week.

3.在主动语态中，使役动词如make，let，have或感官动词如hear，watch，see后跟

不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态里必须带to。

My parents often made me babysit my little sister .

I was often made to babysit my little sister by my parents.

We saw them work in that workshop.

We heard him say good-bye to his friends.

4.如果主动语态中含有动词短语变被动语态时，不可丢掉短语末尾的介词或副词。

(一般情况下，只有及物动词才能跟宾语，而不及物动词不能跟宾语，所以只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词则没有被动语态。但有些不及物动词后面跟上介词或副词后，变成一个动词短语，相当于一个及物动词，因此就可以有被动语态。)

You can look up this word in the dictionary.This word can be looked up in the dictionary.

They have put off the meeting till next Saturday.

5.如果主动语态中含有复合宾语变被动语态时，常把主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语（这时宾语补足语也变为了主语补足语了）

We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. Our classroom must be kept clean and tidy

We regarded him as the best doctor in town.

含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句

带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时，通常用it来作为被动句的形式主语，宾语从句保留不变。

They said that he had gone abroad to study English. 他们说他出国学英语去了。

It was said that he had gone abroad to study English. 据说他出国学英语去了。We haven't decided when we should go camping. 我们还未决定什么时候去野营。It hasn't been decided when we should go camping. 什么时候去野营尚未决定。

提示：带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时，为了简练，还可把从句的主语变为被动句的主语，从句的谓语部分还可以变为不定式短语。

We believed that he would succeed. 我们相信他会成功。

He was believed to succeed. 人们相信他会成功。

Father expected that I should become an engineer. 父亲希望我成为工程师。

I was expected (by my father) to become an engineer. （父亲）希望我成为工程师。无被动语态的情况

1.反身代词、相互代词作宾语。

The man taught himself history well. 这个男人自学历史很成功。

2.谓语动词表存在、所有等，如happen，take place，belong to，suit，fit，have，last （持续），cost（花费），break out（爆发），appear，hold（容纳），agree with（同意）

Many changes have taken place in the town.这个城镇发生了很多变化。

3.主动形式表被动含义

1）谓语动词是连系动词如sound，taste，smell，feel，look等，而且主语是物时，用主动形式表被动形式。The medicine tastes bitter.这药味道苦。

2）一些不及物动词用主动形式表被动含义，如：open，close，shut，read，sell，wear，cook，eat，write，drink，pay，draw等。These mobile phones sell well.这些手机销路很好。

3）在“某物需要（need，require）+动名词”结构中，主动形式表被动含义。

The flowers needs watching.=The flowers needs to be watered.

4）“be worth+动名词”结构，用主动形式表被动含义。

The movie is worth seeing.=The movie is worthy of being seen.=The movie is worthy to be seen.

这部电影值得看。

被动语态与系表结构

所谓系表结构，在此指“连系动词+用作表语的动词-ed形式”结构。它与被动语态的形式完全一样，所以在应用时应注意它们的区别。

A. 被动语态中的过去分词是动词，多强调动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，多强调状态。前者通常可用by+人或by+抽象名词表动作的执行者，而后者则一般不用。The gate to the garden was locked by the girl. 花园门被那个女孩锁上了。（被动结构）

The gate to the garden was locked. 花园门锁了。（系表结构）

注意：少数“连系动词be + 用作表语的动词-ed形式”也带by短语。

The old man was surrounded by small children. 老人被孩子们团团围住。（被动语态）B. 系表结构一般只用于一般现在时、一般过去时等少数几种时态；而被动语态可用多种时态。

The composition is well written. 这篇作文写得很好。（系表结构）

The composition is being written. 这篇作文正在写。（被动语态）

C. 系表结构中的过去分词可被very, too, so修饰，被动语态中的过去分词须用much修饰。

The boy was too frightened to move. 这孩子吓得动也不敢动。（系表结构）

He was very excited.他很激动。（系表结构）

He was much excited by the news. 他听到消息后很激动。（被动结构）

D. be + 不及物动词的过去分词通常是系表结构。

Her money is all gone. 她的钱都花光了。The honoured guests are arrived. 贵宾们到了。

E. 表示“充满”意思的“be + 过去分词+ with”结构多为系表结构。

The mountain is covered with snow all the year round. 这座山终年被积雪覆盖。F. remain, feel, lie, stand 以及become, grow 等词+ 过去分词结构多为系表结构。She felt disappointed. 她感到失望。The road became crowded. 道路拥挤了。

G. 句中有时间状语和地点状语时，一般为被动语态，反之为系表结构。

The bank is closed. 银行现在关门了。（系表结构）

The bank is usually closed at six. 银行通常六点关门。（被动语态）

用所给单词的适当形式填空

1.English ______ (speak) by a large number of people in the world.

2.Tea _______ (grow) in the southeast of China.

3.Yesterday he _______(told) to finish the work by eleven.

4.Such plants must _______(water) three times a day.

5.Look, a new bridge _______(build).

6.Ten English songs _______(teach) to us by our teacher so far.

7.Do you know when the trees on the hill ________(plant)?

8.He is made ________(do)a lot of homework every day.

9.Bicycles of this kind ________(sell) well.

10.An American film ________(show) on TV next Saturday evening.

11.The bag _________(take) away by a woman just now.

12.A lot of rivers __________(pollute) in the last few years.

13.The students were made _________(clean) the classroom after class.

14.Can the word ________(look up) in the dictionary?

15.The floor ________(sweep) by my mother now.

16.The article ________(translate) into English by Sally yesterday.

17.The book ________(not write) by Lu Xun.

18.Tom should ________(allow) to play soccer after school.

19.We _______(tell) to close the windows before we left the lab.

20.A bicycle _______(buy) for her by her father yesterday.

21.Who _______ potato chips ________(invent) by?

22.He won’t go to bed until his homework _______.(finish)

23.The Olympic Games ________(hold) every four years.

24.Betty is often seen _______ (help) the old man with his housework.

25.The pen _______(wirte) well.

26.The fish ________(taste) good.

27.The accident ________(happened) at 3 o’clock.

将下列各句改为被动句

1.A young man caught the thief. The thief ______ ______ by a young man.

2.Many people don’t do it like this in China.

It ______ _______ like this by many people in China.

3.Did your sister leave her homework at home yesterday?

______ your sister’s homework _______ at home yesterday?

4.Many classmates often laugh at me.I _______ often _______ at by my classmates.

5.We can plant the trees on the hill.The trees _______ ________ on the hill.

6.They grow rice in South China.Rice ______ _______ in South China.

7.The teacher showed us a map of the world in class.

We ______ _______ a map of the world in class.

8.The students are cleaning the classmroom now.

The classroom ______ _______ _______ now.

9.Jim has worked out the math problems.

The math problems ______ _______ ______ _______ by Jim.

10.Everyone must keep the room clean.

The room _______ ________ _______ clean.

11.We will cover the desk with a red cloth.

The desk ________ ________ _______ with a red cloth.

12. I can’t find my book. My book ______ _______ _______.

13.We can take good care of the children.

The children can ______ _______ _______ ______ ________.

改为主动语态

14.Music is loved by everyone.Everyone ________ music.

15.A letter was sent to you last month by our teacher.

Our teacher _______ a letter to you last month.

16.The window was broken by Mike this morning.

______ _______ this window this morning.

17.The light was turned off by someone. Someone ______ ______ the light.

18.She is often heard to sing English songs by me.

I often ______ ______ _______ English songs.

完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

初中英语语法——句子成分及其他

句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。句子的成分有主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体，表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语的组成部分，其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。 1）主语表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”，通常用名词、代词、数词，不定式，动名词或从句担任。主语要放在句首，还可用“It”作形式主语（如主语从句） 2）谓语起着说明主语的动作、特征或状态的作用，必须用动词表示。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面要一致，通常在主语之后。 谓语可分为两大类：简单谓语和复合谓语。凡是由一个动词或短语动词构成的谓语，不管什么时态，语态，语气，都是简单谓语。复合谓语一般由两部分构成：一是带不定式的复合结构；一是带表语的复合结构。 3）表语用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份或状态，可以由名词、代词，数词，形容词、副词、介词，介词短语，不定式，动词的—ed形式或动词的—ing形式或从句来担任，表语要放在连系动词之后。4）宾语是及物动词所示动作的对象或介词的对象，由名词、代词、数词，名词化的形容词，名词化的分词，不定式，动名词，从句都可以担任作宾语。宾语要放在谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。 ①某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)，直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。这一类动词有：bring, give, pass,tell, hand, show, s end, read, leave, teach, find, buy, make, do, get, order, play, sing, pay 等。宾语要放在谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。 ②在需要的情况下，间接宾语也可以位于直接宾语之后，但此时间接宾语之前需要加介词“ to”或“for”。 ③有些及物动词的后面，其宾语还需要有一个补足语，才能表达完整的意思。这样的宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、不定式或介词短语都可以作宾语补足语。 5）状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式，形容词短语。名词短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。 6）定语用于修饰名词或代词。可以担任定语的有形容词、代词、名词、数词、名词所有格、副词、不定式、分词和分词短语、介词短语及从句等等。定语的位置很灵活，凡有名词和代词的地方都可以有定语。 7）同位语是对句子的某一成分作进一步解释，说明，与前面名词在语法上处于同等地位。同位语常常置于被说明的词的后面。可以作同位语的有名词，代词，数词和从句等。 8）句子成分巧划分：主在前，谓在中，宾状后面冲。短语定语主宾后，形、代定语主宾前。间宾直宾紧相依，直、间之间to、for连，宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。 第一讲主语 【语法讲解】 主语的位置通常在句首，一般不省略。它是句子所要说明的人或事物，是谓语动词所表示动作的发出者。例如： 1) The question is difficult. 2) She is difficult to understand. 3) is difficult to remember. 4) To understand his words is difficult. 5) Thinking in such a noise is difficult. 6) That they will leave ahead of time is difficult. 上述的六个例句分别说明了主语的位置、特点及能够担当主语的成分。可以担当主语的有名词（例如1）、代词（例如2）、数词（例如3）、动词不定式（例如4）、动名词（例如5）和主语从句（例如6）。 注：当动词不定式做主语时，往往放在谓语动词的后面，而用it做形式主语放在谓语动词的前面。例如上述例句4还可以改写为：It is difficult to understand his words.其中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to understand his words.

初中英语语法：被动语态

初中英语语法：被动语态 概念：英语有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者或发出者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。 构成：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成； 助动词be有人称、数及时态的变化； 含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成 被动语态的否定式是在助动词后加否定词not；而疑问式是将助动词移到主语前面即可Stamps can be used for sending letters. 邮票能用来寄信。 He was asked to go to the meeting immediately. 他被要求立刻去参加这个会议。 This kind of bike is not made in Tianjin. 这种自行车不是天津制造的。 Is this kind of bike make in Tianjin? 这种自行车是在天津制造的吗？ 用法1.当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁或没有必要知道时，常用被动语态。 These desks are made of wood. 这些桌子是由木头做成的。 2.当需要强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。 Dictionaries can’t be used in the English exam. 词典不能在英语测试中使用。 3.为了使语气婉转、避免提到自己或对方、或由于修饰的需要而使用被动语态。 The homework must be handed in next Monday. 作业必须下周一交上。

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初中英语语法知识点总结-句子的基本结构

初中英语语法知识点总结-句子的基本结构

3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。 5、定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。 The black bike is mine.（形容词） The boy in blue is Jim.（介词短语） I have nothing to do today.（动词不定式） 注意：1) 当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如： I tell him something interesting. 2) 不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。 例如：The boys who are in the room are playing games. 6、状语：用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句，位置灵活。 1、修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前； I am very sorry. 2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth. They are writing English in the classroom. 3、一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。 We often help him.

He is always late for class. 7、补语：补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。 He made me sad.（形容词） She asks me to take an umbrella.（不定式） The war made him a soldier.（名词） I find him at home.（介词短语） I saw a cat running along the wall.（分词） 8、同位语：同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. I myself will do the experiment. She is the oldest among them six. 一）. 简单句五种基本句型： 句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语)和次要句子成分(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型：1、基本句型的词序：

初中英语语法句子成分

句子成分精讲 句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分：主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置： 一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike.代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语 The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语 2、谓语 表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. 3、表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。 表语的位置 用在动词be和系动词的后面。 名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。Your pen is on the desk. He got very angry. My dream is to have a robot.

最新初中英语语法知识—被动语态的知识点(1)

一、选择题 1．We' re proud that our school is________one of the best schools in our province. A．think to be B．thought to C．thought to be D．thought will be 2．—The 2022 Winter Olympic Games in China. —I’m sure it will be a great success. A．hold B．will hold C．were held D．will be held 3．When Tim ________ why he was late for school, he just kept silent. A．was asked B．asked C．was asking D．is asked 4．This special pen _________ for writing large size words. A．use B．uses C．is using D．is uesd 5．More trees __________ on both sides of the road in our city this coming winter holidays. A．are planted B．were planted C．will be planted D．have been planted 6．Mike, you can go out if your homework ________. A．finish B．finishes C．will finish D．is finished 7．—Do you think the old machine is ____________， grandma? —Yes, it is _________for carrying water. A．use; using B．useful; used C．use; used D．useful; use 8．My book ___________ here in two days through the EMS. A．are sent B．is sent C．will be sent D．will send 9．When the new subway__________, it will take me less time to go to school every day. A．will finish B．is finished C．finished D．will be finished 10．—Are you really willing to do so much homework? —To tell you the truth, sometimes I ________ to do that, but I think it really helps me. A．force B．am forced C．forced D．was forced 11．This kind of iPad________ in our shop. It________very well and many young people like it. A．sells; sells B．is sold; sells C．sells; is sold D．is sold; is sold 12．—Why didn’t you come to Jenny’s birthday party yesterday? —Because I________. A．didn’t invite B．isn’t invited C．wasn’t invited D．haven’t invited 13．My brother _____ to read by my mother when he was very young. A．teaches B．is taught C．was teaching D．was taught 14．—When can we go to watch the football match? —Not until the work________tomorrow. A．will be done B．has done C．is done D．does 15．（2017·河南·29）—Why are you leaving your job? —I can't stand it any longer. I ________ always ________ to work overtime. A．am；asking B．am；asked C．was；asking D．was；asked