同等学力申硕《经济学学科综合水平考试》历年真题与模拟试题详解

同等学力申硕《经济学学科综合水平考试》历年真题与模拟试题详解目录

第一部分考试分析

同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平历年真题比较分析及复习建议第二部分历年真题及详解

2008年同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平考试真题及详解

2009年同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平考试真题及详解

2010年同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平考试真题及详解

2011年同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平考试真题及详解

2012年同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平考试真题及详解

2013年同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平考试真题及详解

2014年同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平考试真题及详解

2015年同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平考试真题及详解

2016年同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平考试真题及详解

2017年同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平考试真题及详解

2018年同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平考试真题及详解2019年同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平考试真题及详解第三部分模拟试题及详解

同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平考试模拟试题及详解（一）同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平考试模拟试题及详解（二）同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平考试模拟试题及详解（三）同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平考试模拟试题及详解（四）同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平考试模拟试题及详解（五）同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平考试模拟试题及详解（六）同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平考试模拟试题及详解（七）同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平考试模拟试题及详解（八）同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平考试模拟试题及详解（九）同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平考试模拟试题及详解（十）内容简介

本书是同等学力人员申请硕士学位经济学学科综合水平全国统一考试的学习辅导书。全书由三部分组成：第一部分为历年真题比较分析及复习建议，介绍了考试概况和试卷结构，总结了各年真题知识点的分布情况，同时在分析各题型命题特色的基础上提出了合理的复习建议；第二部分为历年真题及详解，精选并详解了2008年至2019年的真题；第三部分为模拟试题及详解，按照最新考试大纲及近年的命题规律精心编写了10套模拟试题，并根据考试指定教材对所有试题进行了详细的分析和解答。

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第一部分考试分析

同等学力申硕经济学学科综合水平历年真题比较分析及复习建议

一、考试简介和试卷结构

1考试简介

“经济学学科综合水平”考试是同等学力人员申请硕士学位的全国统一性考试科目之一（另一科为“外国语水平”考试），考试内容涵盖：社会主义经济理论、西方经济学、国际经济学、财政学和货币银行学。

举办同等学力人员申请经济学硕士学位全国统一考试，目的是测试申请人是否已具备获得硕士学位所必需的最基本的基础理论和专业知识，是同等学力人员获得经济学硕士学位的必经考试。申请者自通过学位授予单位的资格审查之日起，一般要求在四年内通过同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平和经济学学科综合水平全国统一考试。只有通过这些考试，方可提交硕士学位论文。

2试卷结构

2007年以来，“经济学学科综合水平”考试试题结构趋于稳定化，考题题型、分值等都已固定化，具体如下：

二、各年真题知识点分布

2008年“经济学学科综合水平”知识点分布表

2009年“经济学学科综合水平”知识点分布表

2010年“经济学学科综合水平”知识点分布表

2011年“经济学学科综合水平”知识点分布表

2012年“经济学学科综合水平”知识点分布表

2013年“经济学学科综合水平”知识点分布表

2014年“经济学学科综合水平”知识点分布表

2015年“经济学学科综合水平”知识点分布表

2016年“经济学学科综合水平”知识点分布表

2017年“经济学学科综合水平”知识点分布表

2018年“经济学学科综合水平”知识点分布表

2019年“经济学学科综合水平”知识点分布表

从近五年试卷的命题规律来看，西方经济学和社会主义经济理论所占分值占总分的50%左右，国际经济学、财政学和货币银行学三者占50%左右。

三、各题型命题特色和复习建议

通过研究近五年的“经济学学科综合水平”考试真题可以发现，该考试科目主要考查考生对偏实务的理论知识基本概念的理解。以下针对考试题型，从命题特色和复习建议两个方面进行阐述。

1各题型命题特色

（1）单项选择题

该部分共八个单选题，每题两分，主要考查对基本概念的理解和分类信息的甄别。例如：【2019年真题】等产量是在（）不变的情况下，生产同一产量的所有要素的各种不同组合描述出的轨迹。

A．福利

B．效用

C．技术水平

D．价格水平

本题属于典型的基本概念辨析题，主要考查对一些基本概念的理解及相关概念的辨析，考生需要理解重点概念。

【2018年真题】古典汇率决定论包括（）。

①传统购买力平价理论

②利率平价理论

③国际借贷理论

④汇兑心理理论

⑤铸币平价理论

A．①②③④

B．①②④⑤

C．①③④⑤

D．①②③⑤

本题属于典型的信息分类甄别题，主要考查对一些基本的原理、概念的分类记忆。遇到此类题目要首先记住有各级类别、可记住其关键字，联想选择。

（2）名词解释题

一共四个名词解释题、每小题三分，可参考考试大纲进行复习。作答时，需简要说明是什么、有什么特征或用来干什么的。例如：

【2019年真题】税收中性

答：税收中性是指政府课税不扭曲市场机制的运行，或者说不影响私人部门原有的资源配置状况，包括两个含义：①国家征税使国民所付出的代价应以税款为限，尽可能不给纳税人或经济社会带来其他的额外负担或损失；②国家征税应该避免对市场的正常运转带来干扰。

如果政府课税改变市场活动中以获取最大效用为目的的消费者的消费行为，或以获取最大利润为目的生产者的生产行为，就会改变私人部门原来的（税前）资源配置状况。这些改变效果即税收的非中性。

（3）简答题

一共四道简答题，每道八分，记清要点，分点答题，每个要点一至两句解释即可。例如：【2017年真题】简述经济全球化的主要特点和具体表现。

答：（1）经济全球化是跨国商品、服务贸易及国际资本流动规模和形式的增加，以及技术广泛迅速传播使世界各国经济的相互依赖性增强的一体化过程。

（2）经济全球化的特点是世界经济的你中有我，我中有你，各个国家的经济联系的加强和相互依赖程度日益提高；各国国内经济游戏规则不断趋于一致；国际经济协调机制强化，即各种多边或区域组织对世界经济的协调和约束作用越来越强。具体表现为：

①国际贸易发展迅猛。国际贸易是各国经济联系中一个古老和基本的纽带。当代国际贸易高速增长，规模日益膨胀，在各国经济发展中的作用越来越重要。

②生产全球化和跨国公司大发展。生产全球化是指大规模的跨国直接投资导致全球性生产分工体系的形成。与当代国际贸易相比，国际直接投资的发展更为迅猛。

③金融全球化迅速推进。当代贸易和投资的全球化推动了金融全球化的大发展，跨国贷款、跨国证券发行和跨国并购等跨国金融业务大幅度增长。

④科技全球化与全球科技资源大流动。科技全球化是指各国科技资源在全球范围内的优化配置，这是近年来经济全球化中最新拓展和进展迅速的领域。

⑤国际经济协调机制不断强化。为解决各国经济联系日益密切过程中产生的复杂矛盾和摩擦，国际经济协调机制也逐步建立和完善起来，一些国际经济组织，如WTO发挥了重要的作用。

（4）论述与计算题

一般论述题和计算题各一道，分值均为20分。论述题在作答时需要对题目进行深入的挖掘，从题目入手，解释题目中的专业名词，再对题目逐层剥离，逐渐深入的答题。对每个要点进行详细有逻辑的解释后，需要对要点再重申。计算题主要考查一些基本模型的计算，从近几年的真题来看，主要集中于西方经济学部分，如厂商追求最优化的均衡求解以及IS-LM模型的求解等。例如：

【2019年真题】试论述制度创新推动经济增长的机理。

答：制度是指“一系列被制定出来的规则、守法程序和行为的伦理道德规范，它旨在约束追求主体福利或效用最大化的个人行为。”

（1）制度可划分为以下三种类型：

①宪法秩序。宪法是用以界定国家的产权和控制的基本结构。它包括确立生产、交换和分配的一整套政治、社会和法律的基本规则，它为集体选择确立了原则，从而是制定规则的规则。

②制度安排。这是在宪法秩序下约束特定行为模式和关系、界定交换条件的一系列具体的操作规则。它包括成文法、习惯法和自愿性契约。

③行为的伦理道德规范。它来源于人们对现实的理解和意识形态，是与对现实契约关系的正义或公平的判断相连的，它对于赋予宪法秩序和制度安排的合法性是至关重要的。（2）当把制度作为决定经济增长最为重要的变量时，则经济增长主要表现为制度变迁的结果。制度是通过以下几个环节影响经济增长的：

①产权。刺激经济增长的动力大小与一定的产权结构直接相关。产权是一种通过社会强制而实现的对某种经济物品的多种用途进行选择的权利。有效率的产权应是竞争性的或排他性的，这将有助于减少未来的不确定性因素及避免产生机会主义行为的可能性。产权不清晰通过交易成本的增加而限制经济增长，因为交易实际上是产权的变换，如果产权界定不清晰，行为人不能通过交换使自己的利益有所增进，其生产或交换的动力很弱或没有，于是，或者交易活动不可能发生，或者交易规模缩小。其直接后果是交易成本上升，经济效率降低，进而限制经济增长。

②国家。有效率的交易需要明确地界定产权，但界定产权本身也是要花费成本的。由于国家拥有“暴力潜能”，由国家来界定和保护产权可降低交易费用。因为国家决定产权结构，所以国家最终要对造成经济的增长、衰退或停滞的产权结构的效率负责。国家通过向社会提供“保护”和“公正”的服务来达到以下目标：一是界定形成产权结构的竞争与合作的基本规则，从而使统治者的租金最大化；二是降低交易费用以使社会产出最大化，从而增加国家税收。使统治者（和他们的集团）的租金最大化的产权结构与降低

交易费用和促进经济增长的有效率体制之间存在着持久的冲突，这是导致一个国家的经济增长过程内在不稳定的重要根源。

③意识形态。意识形态由相互关联、包罗万象的世界观组成。但凡成功的意识形态都必须解决“不付费搭车”问题，其基本目标在于给各种集团以活力，使它们能对简单的、享乐主义和个人主义的成本和收益采取相反的行为，从而可以节约交易费用。【2018年真题】垄断厂商的需求函数：P＝10－2Q，长期成本函数：LTC＝Q3－5Q2＋10Q。试求：

（1）边际收益函数；

（2）利润最大化时，产量和价格；

（3）对垄断厂商征收一定量的固定税额，征收多少税时，使其没有超额利润；（4）对单位产品征收3单位比例税，新的产量和价格；

（5）上述两种征税方式对消费者的影响。

解：（1）总收益函数：TR＝PQ＝（10－2Q）Q＝10Q－2Q2。

边际收益函数：MR＝10－4Q。

（2）垄断厂商的利润最大化的条件是MR＝MC，其中MC＝3Q2－10Q＋10，MR＝10－4Q。

则有：10－4Q＝3Q2－10Q＋10，解得：Q＝2。将其代入需求函数可得：P＝6。（3）对垄断厂商征收一定量的税后，成本函数变为：LTC＝Q3－5Q2＋10Q＋T。

利润＝收益－成本，π＝PQ－LTC＝10Q－2Q2－（Q3－5Q2＋10Q＋T）。

没有超额利润，即π＝0。将Q＝2代入公式，解得T＝4。

（4）当对单位产品征收3单位的比例税，新的成本函数为LTC＝Q3－5Q2＋13Q，MC＝3Q2－10Q＋13。

再根据利润最大化的条件：MR＝MC。

则有：10－4Q＝3Q2－10Q＋13，解得Q＝1，P＝8。

（5）不征税时：Q＝2，P＝6，消费者剩余为CS＝4。

征收固定税时：Q＝2，P＝6，消费者剩余为CS＝4。

征收3单位比例税时：Q＝1，P＝8，消费者剩余为CS＝1。

因此，征收固定税对消费者没有影响，征收比例税使得消费者剩余减少，消费者的福利水平下降。

2复习备考建议

（1）“经济学学科综合水平”考试难度不是很高，很多方面相比专业本科水平都要低一些。因此，考生在复习备考过程中，一定要有信心，不要有畏惧心理。

（2）考试所涵盖的知识面较广。毕竟是申请硕士学位的水平测试，对知识面的宽度有比较高的要求。“经济学学科综合水平”考试内容涵盖社会主义经济理论、西方经济学、国际经济学、财政学和货币银行学。涵盖的知识面比较宽泛，这就给考生复习备考增加难度。厚厚的考试大纲，很多考生看着就头大，建议考生先把书读薄，再读厚！（3）主观题分值比较高。成人学习重在理解、掌握和运用。“经济学学科综合水平”考试试卷中，名词解释、简答和论述比重较大，重在考查考生是否理解掌握，是否可以运用知识。

结合以上考试特点，建议“经济学学科综合水平”应该采用“先薄后厚”的复习策略。所谓“先薄”，指的是将各个学科的知识体系搞清楚，能够建立各个学科的知识纲要，知道各个知识点分别属于哪个课程中的哪个章节，心中有数，将书读薄。所谓“后厚”，指的是将相应的知识点总结归纳，填充到相应的知识纲要下面，丰富整个知识纲要体系，从面到点的细化知识结构。

在综合学科复习方面，给考生几个建议：

（1）建议考生第一不要花太多时间去搞什么知识点精讲，考试难度本身就没有那么高，搞考点精讲是费时、费力、费钱，却未必讨好，考生复习过程中重在把握重点，而非全面的胡子眉毛一把抓！

（2）要很好的梳理知识结构体系，因为考试难度在于知识面比较宽泛，而不是知识点比较精深，因此将知识体系串联很重要，便于考生系统的从面上理解各个课程的主干，尤其有利于简答和论述等主观题作答。

（3）要从面到点把握重点，对考试的规律和趋势要了解，便于重点复习。

2015同等学力申硕英语真题及参考答案(1)

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