长难句(答案)

（1）基本句型

1. Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.

未来主义,二十世纪早期的一个艺术思潮.拒绝一切传统,试图通过强调机械和动态来美化生活.

2. By the mid dl e of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwid e influence over art.

到了二十一世纪中叶，美国画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响。

3. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.

不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务。

4. Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.

他们常说，科学之所以能往前进步，既得力于少数天才和伟人的真知灼见，更要归功于技术的改良和工具的改进等等更为普通的事物。

5. Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional d epth to her songs.

Billie Holiday’s作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在她拥有能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力.

6. The individual now has more information availabl e than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.

现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多，而找到与他／她的特定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至令人难以招架。

（2）从句

1 Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most peopl e in the Untied States than did Henry Ford a pioneer in automobil e production. 恐怕没有谁对大多数美国人的日常生活影响能超过汽车生产的先驱亨利.福特。

2 Chil dren with parents whose guidance is firm，consistent，and rational are inclined to possess high l evels of self-confid ence.父母的教导如果坚定，理性，始终如一，孩子就有可能充满自信。

3 Al exand er Graham Bell once tol d his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the d eaf than as the inventor of the telephone.

Al exand er Graham Bell曾告诉家人，他更愿意让后人记住他是聋子的老师，而非电话的发明者。

4 At best, it can provid e a bridge between the consumer-l ed growth that Britain l eant on before recession to the export and investment-driven recovery it needs now.

它充其量能帮助英国在遭遇萧条前所依赖的消费者驱动型增长和现在所需的出口投资驱动型复苏之间建立起桥梁。

5. Food prices, which rose by about 11% in the year to February, have mad e a big contribution to China’s consumer-price inflation, now running at 4.9%.

到今年2月食品价格已上升11%，这极大促进了中国消费者价格的通货膨胀，现阶段通货膨胀率为4.9%。

6. This is not too far above the

7.5 trillion yuan that Liu Mingkang, chairman of the China Banking Regulatory Commission, reportedly believes is consistent with the government’s monetary targets.

该总贷款额相比7.5万亿元来说并没有高出很多---据报道，中国银行监管委员会主席刘明康认为7.5万亿元贷款额能够满足政府货币指标。

7. Early studies found little impact on yiel ds, indicating those who argued that the price of a security d epends only on expectations---of inflation, for exampl e, or monetary policy---not its relative supply.

早期研究发现，这种操作对收益率几乎没有影响，于是证明了以下观点：证券的价格仅仅依赖于市场对各相关因子---通货膨胀或货币政策的期望水平，而不受相

对供给的影响。

8. Whileacceptingthat Asia will probably surpass America in absolute spending and sheer numbers of graduates, he remains skeptical about the foundations of Asian innovation.

虽然他同意亚洲很可能在绝对消费与毕业生净人数方面超过美国，但他对亚洲创新的基础保持怀疑。

9. America must shore up this d efense, he insists, pointing to policies that will encourage immigration and early-stage investment in firms, and hasten id eas from universities to the marketplace.

他坚持认为美国一定会守住这道防线，并指出美国实施的政策能够鼓励移民，鼓励对企业的早期投资，并加快从大学到市场的观念传递。

10. It was time, he d eclared, to change that, with a package of initiatives that woul d cut America’s oil imports by a third within a d ecad e, according to the White House’s calculations.

他宣布，改变这一现状的时候已经到了；他为此提出一套新方案，据白宫计算，这套方案可以在10年内让美国的原油进口量减少三分之一。

11. And then, of course, comes the even greater challenge of d ealing with America’s medium term fiscal problems, driven mainly by an ageing population and the steadily rising cost of health-care programmes.

当然，随之而来的更大挑战是如何解决美国中期的财政问题，该问题主要由人口老龄化和医疗保险项目支出逐步上涨引起。

12. So governors are finally confronting the privileges that public-sector empl oyees have managed to negotiatefor themselves in recent d ecad es.

因此，州长们最终要对抗公务员们近十几年来通过谈判为自己征得的特权。

13. In general, the goodies have come l ess in the form of pay rises than in over-generous pensions and health care, early retirement and the sort of restrictive practices that were chased out of the private sector years ago.

总的来说，公务员的优待不常以加薪的方式出现，而更多的表现为过于慷慨的养老金与健康保障，提前退休和那种若干年前就被私营部门淘汰的限制竞争协议。

14. As The Economist went to press, helicopters were dropping water to d ouse overheating nucl ear fuel stored at the Fukushima Dai-ichi plant, where there have

been explosions, fires and releases of radiation greater, it seems, than the Japanese authorities had admitted.

在经济雪人出版印刷时，直升机正在向下投水以侵湿储存在福岛第一核电站的过热核燃料，那里已经发生了爆炸，起火和辐射泄漏情况似乎比日本政府所承认的更加严重。

15. Even if the nucl ear accid ent is brought und er control swiftly, and the release of radiation turns out not to be large enough to damage public health, this accid ent will have a huge impact on the nucl ear industry, both insid e and outsid e Japan.

即使核事故迅速得到控制，放射性物质的泄漏量最终不足以对损害公众健康，此次事故仍然会对日本国内与国际核工业造成巨大影响。

16. In February, Mr. Scott came und er fire from the Senate budget chairman for selling two state aero planes and spending the proceeds without l egislative approval.

2 月份，Scott受到参议院预算委员会主席的攻击，因为他出售了两架州政府所有的飞机并消费了所得收益，并未得到合法许可。

17. America’s rural population tends to be older and poorer than average, with higher rates of smoking and obesity, and consequently in greater need of medical care; by virtue of geography peopl e living in rural HPSAs are often farther from medical care than urban ones.

美国农业人口一般比平均人口年龄大而且更为贫困，吸烟率和肥胖率更高，因此他们更需要医疗看护；由于地理原因，住在农村医疗资源缺乏地区的人到达医疗保健场所的距离常常比城市中医疗短缺的人更远。

18. Social-media firms are investigating whether they can tap the microtransactions market---say, by offering virtual currencies or goods that users can use as barter---though forced partnerships with local tel ecoms firms threaten the profitability of such schemes.

社交媒体企业正在研究能否开发微交易市场----比如说，提供虚拟货币或者提供人们以物易物的商品----不过这些企业被迫与当地公司建立合作伙伴关系，这降低了类似计划得到实施的可能性。

19. They paid tuition fees even before full-time ones were obliged to d o so in 1998, without access to the system of grants and l oans for which their full-time counterparts are eligibl e.

在1998年全日制学生被要求支付学费之前他们就已经开始付学费，却不能向全

职学生那样拥有获得奖助金和贷款的资格。

（3）非谓语

1. Many experts suggest that the child raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which d evel op his capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual d evelopment.

suggest that后面的长句是宾语从句.

该从句的主语是the child,谓语是will experience,宾语是greater intellectual d evel opment.

raised in an environment,是child 的后置定语部分,在.....环境中被扶养大的儿童. where there are many stimuli,是environment 的后置定语从句,是具备有很多激励因素或鼓励因素,即可常被鼓励的环境中.which d evel op his capacity for appropriate responses,是stimuli的后置定语从句,"是一种可以激发儿童的适当的反应能力的激励因素"

整个句子可翻译为:专家建议,儿童如在充满激励因素的环境中成长,因激励可以锻炼儿童各种适当的反应能力,可以得到更好的智力开发.

2. But, for a small group of stud ents, professional training might be the way to go since well-d eveloped skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.

翻译：但是，对一个小部分学生来说，职业教育也是条可取的路径。因为在其它因素相同的情况下，娴熟的技能是是否能得到工作的关键。

讲解：这个句子的主体结构是professional training might be the way to go 。But, for a small group of stud ents,是两个状语。professional training 职业教育。to go 不定式做后置定语修饰the way 。well-d eveloped skills,娴熟的技能，Ved做形容词修饰名词。all other factors being equal,在其它因素相同的情况下，独立主格。difference这里应该翻译成关键=key factor。

3. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely d etermine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.

美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。

4. Thus, in the American economic system it is the d emand of individual consumers, coupl ed with the d esire of businessmen to maximize profits and the d esire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.

翻译：因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求，加上商人追求利润最大化的欲望和消费者个人对收入最大化的欲望，一起决定了厂家应该生产什么和如何利用资源来进行生产。

讲解：本句是一个强调句，主干是It is ……that……，被强调的部分有三个：

the d emand of individual consumers, the d esire of businessmen to maximize profits和the d esire of individuals to maximize their incomes其中coupled with 做伴随状语。to maximize profits和to maximize their incomes 不定式做后置定语修饰两个d esire。在that 引导的部分中，d etermine是谓语，后面的两个从句what shall be produced 和how resources are used to produce it都是d etermine 的宾语。

5. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will l ower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.

翻译：另一方面，如果大量生产某种商品使其成本降低，这就会使销售-生产商提供的供给增加，从而使价格下降，并使更多的消费者能够购买该产品。

讲解：本句是一个复合句，开始是if引导的一个条件从句，主语是producing more of a commodity,谓语是results in，宾语是reducing its cost；主句的主干是this will tend to increase the supply。supply 后面的offered by seller-producers后置做supply的定语，而句末的which引导一个非限定性定语从句，其中which指的是它前面的整个主句的内容。permit somebody to d o something中的不定式做宾语补足语。

6. At the same time，these computers record which hours are busiest and which empl oyers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be mad e accordingly. And they also id entify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.

同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。

7. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these chil dren to d evelop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.

残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。

8. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three d ecad es indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, d eserve the opportunity to fully d evelop their capabilities.

在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。

9. The "sharehold ers" as such had no knowl edge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen empl oyed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good

这样的"股东"对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。

10. In the past year, however, software companies have d eveloped tools that all ow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.

但是,在过去的一年间,软件公司已经开发出工具,使得公司可以直接将信息"推出"给顾客, 直接把营销信息传递给目标顾客.

(4)倒装强调句型

1 In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.

翻译：伊丽莎白市，一个重要的航运和制造业中心，坐落于新泽西州的东部。讲解：这是一个地点状语前置而构成的全部倒装句。原句应该是The city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and

manufacturing center, lies in the eastern part of New Jersey .a major shipping and manufacturing center是the city of Elizabeth的同位语。

2 Lonely was seeing his son only once a month since the divorce

翻译：自打离婚后，一月才能看到儿子一次，这令他倍感孤独。

讲解：这是一个主表互换位置而构成的全部倒装句。原句应该是Seeing his son only once a month since the divorce was l onely.但如果句子这么说的话，主语过长，所以把主语和表语互换了位置构成了一个特殊的全部倒装。

3 Al ong with them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban worl d, a main factor in bringing d own the births in Europe in the nineteenth century.

这是一个完全倒装句，主语是social mobility……century，谓语动词是goes. ambition to rise in the urban worl d 是对social mobility的进一步说明。a main factor在意思上相当于which is a main factor in……century，修饰ambition to ……worl d.本句可按原文顺序翻译。

译文伴随他们而来的是社会的流动性，人们强烈地希望在城市里发展，这是19世纪欧洲出生率下降的主要因素。

4 Only after studies provid ed evid ence of the harmful effects of such programs has it been possibl e to modify TV programming policies.

only是加强语气的词语,位于句首时,主谓语要倒装。这样的句子一般可按原文顺序翻译。has it been ...是主句,正装应是it has been...。

译文只有大量调研提供出证据表明此类节目产生不良影响后,电视节目审查政策才有可能改变。

5 Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peopl es bel onging to two major language groups.

1066年以前，在我们现在称为英国的土地上，住着属于两个主要语种的民族。

6 Scientists d o not know exactly how the virus damages the immune system, nor

d o they und erstand why th

e natural antibodies d evel oped to d estroy the virus are ineffective.

科学家们迄今未能确定这种病毒破坏免疫系统的机理，他们也不明白旨在破坏这种病毒的天然抗体为什么无效。

英语长难句理解

英语学习中，特别是阅读理解中，“长难句”最麻烦。今天小编和同学们分享通过分析英语句子中的重要特点“三长两短一并列”，江湖人称“括号法”，帮助同学们轻松解决长难句问题！ 01 什么是“三长两短一并列” 我们先来看两句话： ①我是李辉。(I am Li Hui.) ②我爱你。(I love you. ) 这两句话中只有"主干成分"而没有"修饰成分"。像这样的句子，中文和英文的"语序"(单词排列顺序)基本是一致的，都是"主-系-表"或者"主-谓-宾"，理解起来非常容易。 然而，加上修饰成分后，中文与英文句子之间的语序就会发生变化。来看两个例子： ①我是中国的李辉。(I am Li Hui from China.) ②我全心全意地爱你。(I love you with all my heart.) 从例子中可以看出，修饰成分在中英文中出现的位置是不一样的。而当一个句子中有很多个修饰成分时，该句子就会变得很长，不易理解。 例如：

After chatting with Laura on this matter for two hours from 2:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon, I returned to my office. 这个句子中含有大量的"介词短语"这种修饰成分。我们给这个句子中的全部介词短语加上括号，该句就会变成： (After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00) (to 4:00) (in the afternoon), I returned (to my office). 此时大家便可发现，这个句子虽然很长，但是真正的主干其实只有I returned两个单词而已。可见，介词短语正是让英语句子变得又长又难的原因之一！ 当然，以上几个句子还比较简单（少量介词短语对句意理解的影响不大），但是，当句子中出现更多类似介词短语的修饰成分时，可想而知，由于中英文语序的不同，英文句子会变得"面目全非"，令人难以理解。由此看来，英语中灵活多变的修饰成分正是造成英语句子又长又难的头号罪犯，只要搞定这些修饰部分，就能搞定英语长难句。 幸运的是，尽管这些修饰成分数量很多、位置也不好把握，但是，它们的种类却是非常固定的。小编将这些修饰成分总结为"三长两短"。所谓"三长"，就是构成长难句的三种较长修饰成分(即介词短语、从句、非谓语动词短语)；所谓"两短"，指的是镶嵌于句子之中的、会稍稍提高句子复杂度的两种较短修饰成分(即形容词、副词)。而除了"三长两短"之外，另外一个使句子变得复杂的结构就是"平行并列结构"。"平行并列结构"是由一些并列关系的连词(and、or、as well as等)将句子变长的重要手段。

英语长难句70句分析

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