当前位置：文档库 › 中考英语语法一轮复习：宾语从句专题学案素材含2019中考试题

中考英语语法一轮复习：宾语从句专题学案素材含2019中考试题

宾语从句

第一部分：宾语梗要

宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。当然,也可以由一个句子来充当,称之为宾语从句；英语的及物动词后必须有宾语；除及物动词有宾语之外，英语介词后面也要有宾语；某些形容词如worth,careful 等后也可有宾语；宾语有直接宾语和间接宾语之分。即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语，这两个宾语统称为"双宾语"。

一不同词类作宾语

1. 名词作宾语

She is playing the piano now.

2. 代词作宾语

We all like him.

She doesn't know me.

3. 数词作宾语

Give me four.

4. the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing结构作宾语。

1) The young should respect the old .

2) They went to help the dying and the wounded.

3) They are searching for the lost .

二．非谓语类作宾语

1．不定式作宾语

We all like to go to school.

注意: I don’t know what to do next.

2．动名词作宾语

The boss hates workers’ complaining.

三．从句类作宾语

I think he is right.

Do you understand what I mean?

I asked whether there are any chemist's shops in this street.

Give him whatever he needs.

We can rely on whomever we can trust.

She will give whoever needs help a warm support.

四．两种特殊带宾语的结构

1．一些形容词可有宾语

常用的情感形容词有：sure, afraid ,glad ,pleased ,happy ,worried ,sad ,sorry The book is worth reading.

2．介宾结构

Are they listening to the professor?

Are they satisfied with us?

He passed the exam by cheating.

五．it用作形式宾语（基本用法）

I think it no need talking about it with them.

He makes it a rule never to borrow money.

Did you make it clear why she didn't come?

I think it very strange that he goes out walking almost every night.

She won’t like it if you arrive late.

六．双宾语

有些及物动词可接两个宾语（双宾语），即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。

1. 常用句型为主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语。

Give me a cup of tea, please.

You don’t need to show him how to do it.

He has told me where they lives.

2. 下面几种情况，通常要用介词to或for引起的短语：

1). 当直接宾语是人称代词（it／them）时。如：

The watch is Li Lei's. Please give it to him.。

2). 当强调间接宾语时。如：

Mother cooks breakfast for us every day.

3). 当间接宾语比直接宾语长时。如：

On the bus, he often gives his seat to an old person.

4) 由to连接间接宾语的动词有：give, lend, bring, show, tell, write, send, hand,

teach, offer, sell, promise, pass ,take等.

5) 由for连接间接宾语的动词有： buy, make, leave, do, choose, order, sing, win, cook, get 等

注意： I will ask him a question. I will ask a question of him.

七．同源宾语（Cognate Object）

少数不及物动词能带一个在词根上与动词相同或相近意义的宾语，即同源宾语

1. 能带同源宾语的动词有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight,

run, sing等。

Under the leadership of the Party, the peasants are living a happy life.

I dreamed a terrible dream last night.

Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August.

He died a heroic death.

2. 同源宾语前面可带形容词作定语。这时，“动词+定语+同源宾语”的结构在意义上相当于“动词+与定语意义相同的状语”。二者相比，前者语气更强一些。

We slept a comfortable sleep last night.

(= We slept comfortably last night.)

Professor Smith died a sudden death last Wednesday.

（= Professor Smith died suddenly last Wednesday.）

注意：同源宾语前面通常带有定语。

fight a good fight breathe a deep breath

laugh a foolish laugh smile a forced smile

3. 同源宾语的修饰语是形容词最高级或含有最高级意义时，该同源宾语常可以省去。

You should run your fastest（race）.

The old man breathed his last（breath）this morning.

第二部分宾语从句

学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。

比较下面几个句子

I don't know the phone number.

I don't know what’ his phone number is.

I don't know if this is his phone number.

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.

宾语从句详解

一．宾语从句的分类:.

1 作动词的宾语:

I heard that he would come here later on.

2 作介词的宾语:

He said nothing about who broke the window last night.

3 作形容词的宾语：

I am sure I will pass the exam.

二.宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法

分三类：

从属连词 that(陈述句),if,whether（是否），

连接代词who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever , whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.

连接副词 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.

找出并翻译下列句中的宾语从句

1 He told me that he would go to the college the next year

2 I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.

3 Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.

4 Do you know who has won Red Alert game?

5 The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.

6 He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.

7 Could you please tell me how you use the new panel（新的操作盘）?

8 None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

（一） that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）

只起连接作用，无词意，通常第一个that 可省。

可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：

say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.

2在以下情况中that不能省略

1）、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。

I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better．2）当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。

Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.

当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。I can’t tell him that his mother died.

4）当it作形式宾语时例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．

5）当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win，I believe．

6）. that从句单独回答问题时。如：

—What did he hear? 他听说了什么事？

—That Kate had passed the exam. (他听说)凯特考试及格了。

3 宾语从句的否定转移

当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。

I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.

注意：

1)主句的谓语动词是

think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.

I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?

I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he?

We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?

如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.

We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?

2)当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。

Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?

You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?

They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?

She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?

3）在think,believe,suppose,guess等及物动词及I’m afraid等表达的后面，可用so,或not代替一个宾语从句，so 代替肯定句，not 代替否定句，该宾语从句通常是上文提到的一件事。

—Are we late?

---I’m afraid so.

----Do you think he will come?

----No,I think not./I don’t think so.

注: I don’t think /believe/suppose/expect so.这种结构不能用于动词guess 和hope,guess和hope 只能用I hope/guess not.

（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句

whether和if通用，都表示“是否”的意思。一般来说，后者比较正式，在口语中前者常用来代替后者。但两者有时具有不同的暗示。用whether时，正反两面的选择意义较强，问话人并不在意回答是肯定还是否定；而用if时，则比较强调单方面，即正面，问话人希望得到肯定的回答。另外，还要注意从以下六个方面的高频考点：

一、whether和if都可以与or not连用；但whether和or not写在一起时，或在动词短语后，只能用whether，不能用if。如：

● I don't care whether (或if) it will rain or not．

● I don't care whether or not it will rain. (不用if)

● I don't care about whether or not it will rain. (不用if)

二、在引导宾语从句时，应注意：

1、表示“是否”时，两词都能引导宾语从句。

①I don't know whether/if I will be able to come.我不知道我是否能来.

②She asked me whether/if I was interested in working for her.她问我是否有兴趣为她工作。

③We'll be told tomorrow whether we should take the exam or not.我们明天才知道是不是应该参加考试.

④I asked him whether he had done all the work himself or whether he had had any assistance. 我问他这些工作都是他自己做的还是别人帮他做的.

⑤I wonder if/whether you can examine him now．

( 注意: 在两个供选择的从句之间若用or字, 则须重复whether一字. )

注: ⑴当强调宾语从句并将其提前时只能用whether。

如:Whether I'll have time to go with you I am not sure.我很难说我们是否有时间跟你们一起去。

2、宾语从句移置句首时，用whether，不用if。

Whether it is true or not， I can't say．

=I can't say whether/if it is true or not

3、宾语从句为否定形式时，通常用if，而不用whether。

I asked Tom if Mary wouldn’t come．

4、动词discuss，decide, consider等后习惯上也常用Whether引导从句，不用if。

whether 和 if 的区别

三、在下列情况下，只能用whether，不能用if。

1、与不定式连用时，只能用whether．

He can't decide whether to accept or refuse．

2、在介词后，只能用whether。

Everything depends on whether he is ready．

I don't care about whether or not it will rain.

3、在名词后作同位语时，只能用whether。

The question whether they ought to stop working was discussed among the workers．

I have no idea whether he is there．

4、引导主语从句时，只能用whether。

Whether he comes or not doesn't concern me．

5、引导表语从句时，只能用whether。

What Maria doesn't know is whether there will be enough snow．

6、当whether和or not连用时，只用whether不用if。如:

I don’t know whether or not he will come.我不知道他是不是回来。

I'll be happy whether/if I get the job or not我能不能得到那份工作都一样高兴。注意：当or not放在whether引导的从句句尾，则可以用if来替换。

7、当whether和or 连用表示明确的选择时，只用whether不用if。

He asked me whether I wanted to go there by train or by bus.他问我是想乘火车还是坐公共汽车去那里。

He hesitated about whether he should drive or take the train.他开车去还是坐火车去, 犹豫不决

注:whether 和or 连用还可以引导让步状语从句,此时也不用if。如：We'll go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or not.

不管我们能否找到所需的工具,我们要把这件工作做下去。

Whether or not it rains / Whether it rains or not, we're playing football on Saturday.无论下不下雨, 我们星期六一定踢足球.

8、在动词不定式之前，只能用whether，不能用if。

①The question is whether to go to Munich or Vienna.问题是去慕尼黑还是去维也纳.

②She doesn't know whether to get married now or wait.是否现在结婚或是等待她不知道。

③We were wondering whether to go today or tomorrow.我们弄不清是今天走还是明天走.

④I'm not sure whether to resign or stay on.我拿不准主意是辞职还是留任.

四、if可引导条件状语从句，译作“如果”，whether可引导让步状语从句，译作“不管、无论”。

If I were you，I would not buy．

Whether he agrees or not，I shall go there．

We'll go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or not.不管我们能否找到所需的工具,我们要把这件工作做下去。

Whether or not it rains / Whether it rains or not, we're playing football on Saturday.无论下不下雨, 我们星期六一定踢足球.

五、whether和if均可用来引导主语从句，但if引导的从句不能位于句首。

Whether they win or lose is all the same to me. 他们是赢是输於我都一样.（此时whether不能换作if ）

It's doubtful whether there'll be any seats left.说不上还有没有空座位了. (此句whether能换作if)

六、表语从句、同位语从句用whether引导不用if.

The doubt was whether you had broken the beautiful vase.疑问是你是否打坏了这只漂

亮的花瓶。

The question whether we'll build another lecture building hasn't been settled.是

否要另建一幢教学楼的问题还未决定。

（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句

这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这

种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。

②连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。

连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.

Do you know who has won Red Alert game?

你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？

The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.

这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.

Have you determined whether you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?

你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?

③连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。

He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.

Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?

你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?

None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.

四.宾语从句的时态

时态：

1、主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。

例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.

2、主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。

例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.

3、当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现

在时态。

例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.

五宾语从句中的语气

虚拟语气的用法

虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。

1.Wish(表现在--->过去时；表过去--->过去完成时；表将来--->would+do )

I wish I were a bird and could fly freely .

I wish I had met that film star yesterday.

How I wish it wouldn’t rain tomorrow .

2.在表示含有“愿望、建议、命令”等词的各种从句中，从句的谓语动词用（should +do ）

一坚持二命令三建议四要求 i-和-s双重性

Insist , order, command, advise, suggest , propose, demand, desire,

request, require insist/suggest

Eg: The teacher suggested that he (should) read English aloud.

He required that we (should) work all right.

It was suggested that the meeting (should) be put off next week.

The suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off till next week

surprised us a lot.

The suggestion is that the meeting (should)……….

注：suggest表“暗示”，表明之意时，insist表示“坚持认为，硬要说”之意时，不用虚拟。

The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.

The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.

He insisted that he was a Party member and be sent to the front.

六、宾语从句的特殊式

1. 复合连接代词在宾语从句中的使用。如：

Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interest. （whoever= anyone who / any person who）

These wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can to save them.（whatever= anything that）

It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. whatever 在此处是泛指，不可被what替代。而“I can’t remember at the moment who has said the

words.”中的who表特定的某人，不可以改成whoever。

2. it作形式宾语，从句作真正宾语。

（1）动词 + it + important / necessary / natural / etc. + thatclause。that clause 中谓语动词前可加should，亦可省略。如：

I think it important that you （should） attend the conference.

（2）动词+ it + as + 名词 / 形容词 + clause。如：

The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture. （3）动词+ it + 介词 + thatclause。常见的有：owe it to sb. + thatclause（把……归功于某人）， leave it to sb. + thatclause（把……留给某人去做）， take it for granted + thatclause （想当然）， keep it in mind + thatclause （记住……）。如：I just took it for granted that he’d always be around.

You may depend on it that he will turn up in time. 你可以相信他会及时赶到的。

You may depend on it that we shall always help you.（尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。）

I’ll see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve.

我将注意...

Would you see to it that she gets home early?（你负责保证她早到家，好吗？）He insisted on it that he was innocent.（他坚持说自己是无辜的。）

I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.（我让你自己判断这

事是否该做。）

We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.（多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。）

(4) 某些表示“喜怒哀乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate, dislike, prefer,

appreciate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句；或者当它们后接if从句或when从句，通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语。

I don’t like it that he’s so lazy.（我不喜欢他那么懒惰。）

I don’t like it when shop assistants follow me around. 我不喜欢店员跟在我后面.

I hate it if you say such things in public. 我讨厌你在大庭广众之下说那样的事。

He hates it when people talk with their mouths full.他讨厌别人边说话边吃东西。

I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作那就太好了。

I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 感激。

(5. )用于 have it that(说，认为)，take it that(认为)等个别固定表达中。如：

I take it (that) you agree. 我以为你同意了。

Report has it that about 30 people were killed in the accident.据报道...

注意：若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替

We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.

We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现

简化宾语从句的方法

方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.

We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.

方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window.

注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：

Could you tell me how I can get to the station？→Could you tell me how to get to the station？

方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.

方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us.

The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. →The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.

方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：

Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.

方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：

It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.

除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化，如：

I found that it was difficult to learn English well.

→I found it difficult to learn English well.

Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.

→Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.

They found that the box was very heavy.

→They found the box very heavy.

中考专题：宾语从句

知识梳理

概念：宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语。

一、宾语从句的连接词

根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1.由that引导的宾语从句。That没有词义，不充当句子成分，that引导陈述句，可省略。

e.g. H e said (that) he wanted to stay at home.

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.

I am sure (that) he will succeed.

2.由连接代词who,whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。

e.g. D o you know who/whom they are waiting for?

He asked whose handwriting was the best.

Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?

I don’t know why the train is late.

3.由if/whether引导的宾语从句。If 和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。

e.g. I wanted to know if/whether he lives there.

He asked me whether if/whether I could help him.

［注］只能用whether不能用if的情况：

1：在介词后面

I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing.

We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow.

2.在动词不定式前

They asked me whether to go skating.

I don’t know whether to tell the truth.

3.当与or not 连用，或提出两种选择or时：whether or not; whether...or...

I don’t know whether he’s free or not.

Tell me whether you’d like to go shopping or tidy the room.

They’ll find out the truth, whether or not you tell it to them.

4.whether引导的宾语从句可放在句首，而if（是否）不能

Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.

Whether it will be fine, I don’t know.

二、宾语从句的语序：宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序

e.g. I hear(that) physics is not easy.

I’m not sure if/whether he will come here on time.

Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo?

Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.

［注］当从句的原句为what,who,which作主语的疑问句时，语序不变

e.g. What’s the matter? I don’t know what’s the matter.

Who is waiting there? Can you tell me who is waiting there?

Which is the way to...? Would you please show me which is the way to...?

三、宾语从句的时态

1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不变。

I don’t think(that) you are right.

Please tell us what he was doing at that moment.

Can you tell me how I can to the railway station?

2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句的时态只能用相对应的过去时态

（包括一般过去时、过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）

He asked what time it was.

He told me that he was preparing for the sports meeting.

He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.

He asked if you had written to Peter.

3.如果宾语从句陈述的是客观真理、自然现象时，用一般现在时，不受主句时态影响。

Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.

We were told that the earth moves around the sun when we were young.

巩固训练

一、单项选择

( ) 1.In the UK, a woman usually doesn’t like to be asked________

A.whether she had been married

B.what is her age

C.how much she weighs

D.where she comes from

( ) 2.—Excuse me, could you tell me_____________?

—Sorry，I don’t know. I’m new here, too.

A.when the museum opens

B.where is the Olympics Village

C.how do you celebrate Easter Day

D.how long the old lady had lived here

( ) 3.—Would you please tell us what_______________on this subject?

—Yes，I’d like to.

A.you will say

B.will you say

C.you will speak

D.will you speak ( ) 4.—Did you know____________?

—Perhaps she failed the exam.

A.what is the matter with her C.what was the matter with her

C.what the matter is with her

D.what the matter was with her

( ) 5.—How soon will you start you journey?

—I haven’t decided_______________.

A.when shall I ask the boss for leave

B.where I will go to spend the holiday

C.whether I would go by train or by plane

D.who could invite me to go

( ) 6.No one can be sure______ in a million year.

A.what man will look like

B.what will man look like

C.how man will look like

D.how will man look like

( ) 7.—I wonder_______________. —Zebras

A.what do they call these animals

B.how do they call these animals

C.what they call these animals

D.how they call these animals

( ) 8.Somebody rang the doorbell just now, but I don’t know_____________.

A.who was it

B.who were they

C.who they were

D.who it was ( ) 9.—Excuse me, could you tell me__________?

—Sorry，sir.I wasn’t there at that time.

A.how did the accidents happen

B. how the accident happened

C.how does the accident happen

D.how the accident happens

( ) 10.—Can you tell me_______? —By doing more speaking.

A,how I can improve my English B.which way can I choose

C.how do I deal with my English

D.what’s wrong with my English

( ) 11.Our English teacher told us the sun_____in the east.

A.rise

B.rose

C.rising

D.rises

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考16 定语从句(讲解)

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍—定语从句【知识方法】先行词：名词或代词定语从句关系代词关系词关系副词【知识清单】定语从句知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。本章只介绍限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、which、whose和关系副词where 、when，关系代词和关系副词是引导词，在定语从句中担当某一成份。关系代词、副词作用先行词例句 that，who，whom(只做宾语) 主语宾语表语人Do you know the girl who／that is standing under a tree? 你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗?

that，which 主语宾语表语物、时间、地点、原因 She got a computer which／that her parents bought for her．她有一台她的父母买给她的电脑。 whose 定语人物The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard．他的爸爸是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦。 The classroom whose window is open is mine．窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室。 when 状语时间I still remember the day when you leave for Beijing．我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。 where 状语地点This is the school where my mother works．这就是我妈妈工作的学校。 why 状语原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗? 二、关系代词在定语从句中的用法(关系代词作宾语时可省略)： 1．that指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 This is the pen that you are looking for. The girl that has long hair is my sister. 2．which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 The bike which is made in Tianjin sells well. The fish which we bought were not fresh. 3．who, whom指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 The boy who broke the window is called Tom. The person to whom he is talking is my father.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲。(宾语) 4．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。 The girl whose bag is new is called Ann.新书包的那个女孩叫Ann。(指人)

重庆市2019年中考数学实现试题研究新定义阅读理解题题库

新定义阅读理解题 1.阅读下列材料，解答下列问题：材料一：一个三位以上的自然数，如果该自然数的末三位表示的数与末三位之前的数字表示的数之差是11的倍数，我们称满足此特征的数叫“网红数”.如：65362，362-65=297=11×27，称65362是“网红数”. 材料二：对任意的自然数p 均可分解为p =100x +10y +z （x ≥0，0≤y ≤9,0≤z ≤9且想，x ，y ， z 均为整数），如：5278=52×100+10×7+8，规定：G （p ）= z x x z x x -++-+112）（ . （1）求证：任意两个“网红数”之和一定能被11整除；（2）已知：s =300+10b +a ，t =1000b +100a +1142（1≤a ≤7,0≤b ≤5，且a 、b 均为整数），当s +t 为“网红数”时，求G （t ）的最大值. （1）证明：设两个“网红数”为mn ，ab （n ，b 分别为mn ，ab 末三位表示的数，m ，a 分别为mn ，ab 末三位之前的数字表示的数），则n -m =11k 1，b -a =11k 2， ∴mn +ab =1001m +1001a +11（k 1+k 2）=11（91m +91a +k 1+k 2）. 又∵k 1，k 2，m ，n 均为整数， ∴91m +91a +k 1+k 2为整数， ∴任意两个“网红数”之和一定能被11整除. （2）解：s =3×100+10b +a ，t =1000（b +1）+100（a +1）+4×10+2， S +t =1000（b +1）+100（a +4）+10（b +4）+a +2， ①当1≤a ≤5时，s +t =））（）（）（（2a 4b 4a 1b ++++，则））（）（（2a 4b 4a +++-（b +1）能被11整除， ∴101a +9b +441=11×9a +2a +11b -2b +40×11+1能被11整除， ∴2a -2b +1能被11整除. ∵1≤a ≤5，0≤b ≤5， ∴-7≤2a -2b +1≤11， ∴2a -2b +1=0或11，

2017年中考英语语法难点汇总

2016年中考英语语法难点汇总介词 I. 要点 1、介词和种类 (1) 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without 等。 (2) 复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of 等。 2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系 (1) 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about 等。 (2) 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at 等。 (3) 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to 等。 3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely 等少数几个副词。如：He came right after dinner. He lives directly opposite the school. 4、某些介词的意义与用法举例 (1) at, on, in (表时间) 表示时间点用at，如at four o'clock, at midnight 等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at，如at that time, at Christmas 等。指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on，如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst 等。指长于或短于一天的时段用in，如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999 等。 (2) between, among (表位置) between 仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如 I'm sitting between Tom and Alice. The village lies between three hills.

初中英语语法宾语从句讲解_专项练习及答案

初中英语语法宾语从句讲解，专项练习及答案注意！宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。一、基本讲解 1 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语) 2.连接词 (1) .陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。 e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us. (2)以whether 或if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序 eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei . 注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。 a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或not 连用时，只用whether. eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether u go or not? c. if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether. (3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。 E.g. Could you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you? 特殊情况：：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词＋do you think＋陈述句语序。 3.宾语从句时态

初中英语语法宾语从句讲解-专项练习及答案

初中英语语法宾语从句讲解小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。一．基本讲解来源：直接引语变间接引语概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 Eg: He said,“I am good at drawing”. He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) 1.引导词 (1) that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当, that可省略。 Eg: She said,“I want to go there ”She said (that) she wanted to go there. (2) whether 或if 引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。 Eg: “Are you interested in geography?” she said. She asked if/whether I was interested in geography. I wonder if /whether she has told the new to Li Lei . I’m not sure whether he will come or not. 注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外 a. 介词短语后只用whether 不用if eg: We are talking about whether we'll go on the panic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether. eg:I can?t say whether or not he will come on time c. if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句，表示‘如果’，不能用whether. Eg: If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times. Whether you can succeed depends on how much effort you pay. (3).特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。特殊疑问词为：how , when, where, why ,which whose. E.g. …What do you want?? He asked. He asked me what I wanted. I have no idea where he is now. I don?t know how to deal with it. He asked whose handwriting is the best in the class. 2.宾语从句时态 a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制 eg: Do you know if/whether he has seen the film? I?m sorry to hear that your father is ill. She says she is going to go to Beijing next week. He tells me that his sister came back yesterday. b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态 She didn?t know why the boy was late again. (过去一般) I didn't know if/whether he had seen the film.（过去完成） I wondered when she was going to America.（过去将来）注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如： Eg: He said （that the earth moves round the sun. / that light travels much faster than sound.）The teacher told us （seeing is believing.）

2019年中考英语冠词语法专题训练(带解析)

2019年中考英语冠词语法专题训练 (名师精选必考题+实战真题，值得下载练习) 语法综合演练 Ⅰ.用适当的冠词填空,不需填的画“/” 1.Every morning he spends hour doing exercise, and then he go e s to work. 2.—Have you seen movie OperationRedSea? —Yes. This is educational film and it has become one of most popular films in the world. 3.Peter, honest boy, visited European country last summer. 4.There will be talk on good manners at the school hall this afternoon. 5.higher the mountain is, thinner the air is. 6.—Do the twins look the same? —No. Jane is taller of them. 7.—Loo k at skirt. I bought it for my mother on Mother’s Day. —What nice skirt! 8.—Who is boy in red? —He is friend of Tom’s. He plays piano very well. 9.The novel is so interesting that he wants to read it second time. 10.Which is bigger, sun or earth? 11.Blacks are planning to go on vacation. 12.Beijing, capital of China,has long history. 13.He took the medicine three times day after meals according to the instructions. 14.Mary usually goes to work by bike, but this morning she took taxi to school. 15.best student in my class was ill in hospital. Ⅱ.语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个恰当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Today, the 1.(popular) of basketball has risen around the world, with many young people

2019中考语文试题研究题库(记叙文15篇答案)

记叙文阅读一、1.（4分）（1）“忙不迭”是十分匆忙的意思，这里指“我”看到有酸枣卖时急忙买下与朋友分享的心情，表现了“我”对酸枣的喜爱之情。（2）“馈赠”指赠送（礼品）。句中指酸枣是大山在上世纪六七十年代生活饥馑的岁月里赠送给人们的礼品，表现了酸枣在上世纪六七十年代生活饥馑的岁月里对人们的重要性。 2.（2分）运用了比喻、对比、拟人的修辞方法，生动形象地描绘了家乡酸枣的清新珍贵，抒发了对酸枣的喜爱之情。 3.（3分）内容上写出了家乡酸枣树的数量之多，从侧面表现了酸枣树的生命力顽强。结构上承上启下，使文章脉络更加清楚。 4.（2分）它不需要人们施肥、浇水，栽植和管护；生命力强：耐生长，耐贫瘠、耐干旱、能适应多种土质；默默无闻、毫无怨言绿化荒山。 5.（3分）表达了作者对家乡的酸枣树和祖祖辈辈生活在大山怀抱里的父老乡亲的赞颂和热爱。二、1.（2分）“银杏留香”指的是记忆中的银杏留给“我”白果肉的香、白果壳带给孩子们快乐、枝叶的优美迷人教会“我”洒脱自如、内敛淡定、充满期望、无怨无悔、从容不迫的精神品质。 2.（3分）运用拟人修辞，“瘦高”一词突出银杏树的孱弱单薄，“躲”“极不自信”“怯怯”三个词语生动形象地写出了银杏树的自惭形秽、自卑羞赧的情态，“默默”“奔”两个词语突出了银杏的内敛、执着、坚定不移。 3.（3分）欲扬先抑。文章第②段通过描写银杏的很不起眼——极不自信，怯怯默默，突出了银杏的卑微渺小，不受人重视。但后文却极赞银杏历经磨难，终成大业——果美景美品性美，备受仰慕之至。 4.（3分）文章围绕“银杏留香”写了初识银杏不起眼——怯怯默默；继写银杏果实——白果带给我们的快乐生活，然后描写银杏枝叶由夏而秋、由秋而冬每一阶段的美丽景色，最后借景抒情，突出银杏洒脱自如、内敛淡定、充满期望、无怨无悔、从容不迫的精神。表达了对银杏的忆念与赞美之情。 5.（3分）示例：我们做人当如银杏一般，哪怕历经了无数风雨，也要永远无怨无悔。在平凡的岁月里，不媚态跟风、不无助盲从，淡看世事、勤奋作为，活得洒脱和从容。三、1.（2分）既指隔壁单位家属院小路的两侧扎起的两道花篱笆墙，又指守住生命中的美好和悠闲。 2.（2分）结构上起承上启下的作用，承接上文作者对洋槐树这个有着不屈生命的事物的热爱；内容上引出下文作者对漂亮的花篱笆墙的描写，为下文做铺垫。 3.（4分）（1）“肆意”指不顾一切由着自己的性子（去做）。句中是指野草不顾一切地生长的情态，表现了野草生命力的旺盛。（2）“不期而降”是“没有约定就降临了”的意思，这里运用拟人的修辞手法，表现了“我”突然间发现姹紫嫣红的花儿缀满了小院的意外与惊喜，表达了“我”对花篱笆墙的喜爱之情。 4.（3分）运用比喻的修辞手法，生动形象地写出了两道花篱笆墙给小院带来无限生机，表达了作者对花篱笆墙的喜爱之情。 5.（3分）示例：每个人的生命都是一条很长很长的旅程，旅途中我们自己要学会追寻属于自己的美好和闲适，如此，我们的生活就有了寄托，旅途将会更加幸福和悠然。四、1.（4分）（1）“不知疲倦”指不知道疲乏、困倦。用在这里赋予蜜蜂以人的情思，生动形象地再现了蜜蜂们采集花蜜的情形。（2）“剥夺”指用强制的方法夺去。句中指放蜂男子对自己采集蜂蜜的行为的评价，体现了放蜂男子的善良品质。

2017年中考英语语法大全：冠词

中考/备考辅导 2017年中考英语语法大全：冠词冠词冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面帮助指明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词 a(an)和定冠词the两种。不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目观念，只表示名词为不特定者。定冠词则表示名词为特定者，表示“这”、“那”、“这些”、“那些”的意思，在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。 I 不定冠词 We need an apple and a knife. 我们需要一个苹果和一把刀子。 1.a和an的区别不定冠词有a[+]和an[+Q]两种形式，a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前。an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。

a boy, a university, a European country u是元音字母，但发音是[U(]，是辅音。 an hour ，an honor ，an island h是辅音字母，但它不发音，它的音标是是元音。an elephant， an umbrella， an egg 2(1)不定冠词的用法 ①泛指—类人或物。 eg. This is a pencil case. ②指不具体的某个人或物。 eg. I met an old man On my way home. ③用在序数词前,相当于another. eg. There’s a third boy near the shop. ④表示“每—(个)”,相当于every. eg. They have music lessons twice a week. 必背!

give a lesson take a bath have a rest 教(一堂)课洗(个)澡休息 have a talk have a fever have a good time 听报告发烧过得愉快 have(take)a walk have a headache have a nice trip 散步头疼旅途愉快 a lot of, a lot, a little, a few, a glass of, such a/an, have a word with, have a look, have a try, have a swim, a quarter, half an hour, three times a day, have a talk, give a talk, ten Yuan a kilo (2)不定冠词的位置 ①不定冠词—般放在所修饰的单数可数名词前。 eg, a bike, an egg ②当名词被such, what, many修饰时，不定冠词放在这些词之后。

(完整版)初中英语宾语从句专项练习(完整版)

宾语从句基本讲解与练习宾语从句小口诀宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时； if/whether,引，一般疑问句陈述句转that 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。一、概念宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。在句子中起到二、连接词在从句中不。that在非正式场合that可以省略)1. 陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that ( 充当任何成分，也没有实在意思，只起到连接作用。没有人告诉杰克第二天有班No one told Jack (that) there would be a class meeting the next day. 会。Little Tom was afraid (that) he couldn't pass the exam. 小汤姆担心这次考试不及格。say, think, wish, hope, imagine, wonder, know, believe, 从句做宾语的动词有：that1】可跟【拓展等。agree, explain, feel, suggest, hear, mean, notice等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定expect think, believe, suppose, 【拓展2】当主句谓语动词是

时，常把否定转移至主句表示。我认为他不会在会上发言的。I don't think (that) he can give a speech at the meeting.so等后，可用等动词以及I'm afraid 【拓展3】在think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, hope 代替一个否定的宾语从句。代替一个肯定的宾语从句，用not eg: --- Do you believe he will come? 你相信他会来吗？ --- I believe so. 我相信会。我相信不会。I don't believe so. (或I believe not.) --- 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语引导的宾语从句, whether或if 2. 以。或whetherif在从句中不充当任何成分，意为“是否”从句，从句是陈述句语序。He asked me if he might use my knife. →He asked me. ？eg: “May I use your knife” 】从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人1【注意1 称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。 eg: “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. →He asked me whether I know her telephone number. 【注意2】：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。 ①当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if。 eg: We are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic. 我们在讨论是否去野餐。 ②引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether。 eg: Please let me know whether to do next step. 请让我知道是否开展下一步行

中考英语宾语从句(附答案)

考点一：宾语从句的时态和语序 1、宾语从句的时态（1）如果从句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么，宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如： ①“I know my parents care about me,” he says.他说：“我知道我父母关心我。” ②Now in China, he has found that his family ____________ a tall tree with long roots. 现在在中国，他已经发现他的家庭就像长有很长树根的一棵大树。 ③I am writing to say that I am against ____________ (build) a new zoo in our town. 我写信要说的是我反对在我们的镇上建一个新的动物园。 ④I remember that he _______________________(给了我一本书) yesterday. ⑤He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow.

他已告诉我明天他要____________纽约了。（2）如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），爸妈宾语从句要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。如： ①In 1991, Hepburn discovered that she had cancer.1991年，赫本发现她得了癌症。 ②Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world (after tea), was invented by accident?你知道茶，这个世界上最大众化的饮料(仅次于水)，是__________被发明的吗？ ③When I first ate in a western restaur ant, I didn’t know what I was supposed to do. 我第一次在西餐厅吃饭时，都不知道_____________________。 ④He told me that he __________ (will) take part in the high jump. ⑤She asked me if I _______________(已经拿了) her soap. （3）如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时。如： He told me that the earth ________ (go) around the sun. Didn’t your teacher tell you the moon ________ (be) smaller than the sun? 2、宾语从句的语序宾语从句要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时，要特别注意从句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。但要注意，当连接词在从句中作主语时，原问句的语序不变。如： ① Where is Tom from? Do you know? →Do you know where Tom is from? ② Who made you angry? Can you tell me? →Can you tell me who made you angry? ③“What is the matter with Tom?” Mary asked me. →Mary asked me what was the matter with Tom. 【真题链接】 1. (滨州) —Hi, Bruce. Here is a letter for you. —Thanks. I wonder ________. A. who the letter was from B. who was from the letter C. who was the letter from D. who from the letter was 2. (丽水) —I’m going to buy a car. Any advice, Charlie? —Well, it depends on ________. If money isn’t the problem, you can buy a BMW. A. when you will buy one B. how much you can afford C. what colour you like D. where you are driving 3. (北京) —Can you tell me ________ the prize, Tom?

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考12 动词时态(讲解)【带答案】

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍—动词时态【知识方法】一般现在时：谓语动词用动词原形或第三人称单数形式一般过去时：谓语动词用动词的过去式的形式一般将来时：谓语动词用will/be going to +动词的原形动词的时态现在进行时：谓语动词用am/is/are +动词原形的形式过去进行时：谓语动词用was/were+动词的现在分词现在完成时：谓语动词用have/has+动词的过去分词知识清单动词的时态动词的时态有很多。初中阶段主要掌握八种：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去

进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 1．一般现在时 1）一般现在时态的构成：主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单数时，作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：一般情况＋s 以s, x, ch, sh或o结尾＋es 以辅音＋y结尾去y变i＋es 2）一般现在时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：主语肯定式否定式疑问式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数I am a student. We/You/ They are students. He/ She is a student. I / We/ You/ They/ like music. Many people like music. I am not a student. We/You/ They are not students. He/ She is not a student. I / We/ You/ They/ don’t like music. Many people don’t like music. Are you a student. Are you/ they students? Is he/ she a student? Do you/ they like music? Do many people like music? 3）一般现在时态的用法：现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作。例如： I get up at six every morning. He plays tennis once a week. 现在的状态例如： My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school. 客观真理例如：

2017年中考英语作文范文

2017年中考英语作文热点话题范文22篇中考英语中作文是让大多数学生最头疼的事情。就中考英语作文来说，考生要有一定的词汇量的积累，扎实学好语法知识，同时掌握一些的写作技巧，平时多做写作训练，最后能够流畅、清晰的表达出自己的意思。学术文化篇 1. 沉迷网络游戏题目：李华沉迷于电脑游戏中，影响了学习。作为他的好朋友，你打算怎么帮他呢？请用下面所给的提示词写一篇不少于80字的短文。字迹工整，语言流畅。提示词：give up concen trate on be (become)i nterested in ★范文 Li Hua spe nt too much time play ing computer games and he fell beh ind others. As a good friend of his, I must do someth ing to help him. Firstly, I think it ' s very important for him to learn lessons well. He should spe nd most of his time on his study in stead of computer games. Secon dly, I must tell him that play ing computer games too much is bad for his health, especially for his eyes. So he must give it up. I can play more sports with him after school. Maybe he will become more in terested in sports tha n computer games. And the n ni ask him to concen trate more on his study. Of course, I will try my best to help him with all his subjects. I think I can do it in many fun ways and let him find much fun in studying. At the same time, I'll ask both his pare nts and our teachers to help him, too. If I try these, I'm sure he will make great progress soon. 2. 怎样学好英语世界在发展，文化在交融，英语已经成为人们沟通的桥梁。怎样学好英语是我们一直在探索的问题。几年的学习经历你一定积累了许多成功的经验，请从听、说、读、写四方面谈谈你的建议。要求：1.词数：80 —100词(开头已给出，不计入总词数) 2.字迹工整，语言流畅，表达正确，逻辑清晰 ★范文 How to lear n En glish well

(完整版)2019年初中英语词汇运用和语法填空及短语归纳总结,推荐文档

中考复习之词汇运用词汇运用题：考查学生对单词的拼写能力，以及词形变化、测试内容以实词为主，虚词为辅。做好这类题，一般应遵循下面几个步骤：第一步读懂句意，判断词性；第二步确定词形；第三步核对答案。名词：单数、复数、所有格、大写；动词：时态、语态、非谓语动词形式；（一般现在时用三单；已经有动词用非谓语）形容词：原级、比较级、最高级；（“的”）副词：原级、比较级、最高级；（“地”）代词：不定代词、主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词；数词：基数词、序数词（first, second, third, fourth, fifth）冠词：a / an / the （首次提到用a / an；特指用the）连词：and，but，or，because，so，when，where，before，after，if… 介词：at，by，to，in，for，of，on，from，with… 中考复习之选词填空二、选词填空解题注意事项 1.先对备选词汇的词性作简单标记，如名词(n.)、动词(v.)、形容词(adj.)、副词(adv.)等。同时对词义做初步的理解。 2.根据题意或通读全文，猜测空格中所缺的信息，注意固定搭配，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。 3.填词过程中注意词形的变化。既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。为了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜：空前空后要注意； “名词”单复数要牢记，还有“'s”不能弃； “动词”注意要变形，“形副”注意三种级；要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘“基”和“序”；填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。

2017中考英语语法专题详解

2017中考英语语法专题详解一：名词专题一名词 1. 名词的数概述: 名词按其表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词及其单复数：可数名词有单复数变化，其前通常用不定冠词和数词来修饰，还可用many, few, a few, some, any, plenty of, lots of, a number of 等修饰。构成名词复数形式的方法分为规则法和不规则法两种。复数的规则构成法：绝大多数英语中的名词复数都是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。具体规则如下图：规则例词一般情况下加-s apple-apples, ruler-rulers 以s, x, ch，sh,结尾的加-es bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches, brush-brushes 以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变成i再加-es city-cities, county-countries 以f或fe结尾的，把f或fe变成v,再加-es knife-knives, leaf-leaves 以o结尾的，有的词尾加-es，有的加-s

在初中英语范围内加-es的主要有以下4个：tomato-tomatoes， potato-potatoes Hero-heroes，Negro-Negroes 2) 复数的不规则构成法： a.单复同形的：Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, deer-deer, sheep-sheep, fish-fish(表示鱼的数量) b. 熟记下列词的复数变化：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, child-children c. 以man, woman做定语构成的复合名词，变复数时要全变：a man teacher-two men teachers; 其他情况一般只变主体名词而作定语的名词不变：a girl student-two girl students 3. 不可数名词：不可数名词没有单复数。如：water, meat, air等。在表示数量时，通常用以下方法。 1)用some, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等表示多少。 There is little milk at home. The old man has lots of money. 2) 若要表示不可数名词的数量，应用“数词+量词+of+名词”这种形式，若数字超过一，量词应用复数形式。如：a glass of water-two glasses of water, a piece of bread-two pieces of bread