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外研版七上 Module 4 Healthy food重点知识点讲解

外研版七上 Module 4 Healthy food重点知识点讲解
外研版七上 Module 4 Healthy food重点知识点讲解

Module 4 Healthy food重点知识点讲解

1. some & any

【典例探究】

1.I like to drink some milk.

我想喝些牛奶。

2.There are some books on the desk.

书桌上有一些书。

3.There are not any computers in the classroom.

这个教室里没有任何电脑。

4.Is there any water in your cup?

你的杯子里有水吗?

【点拨与思考】

some 和any都有“一些”的意思,它们既可以修饰复数可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词,如在例句1中,some修饰的是不可数名词milk,在例句2中,some修饰的是可数名词boo k; 在例句3中,any修饰的是可数名词computer;在例句4中,any修饰的是不可数名词water。但some常用在肯定句中,如例句1和2,而any常用在否定句和疑问句中,如例句3和4。【知识拓展】

1.some 也可以用于表示劝请、希望得到肯定回答,或表示请求、建议、命令的疑问句中。

如:

--- Can you give me some water?

你能给我一些水吗?

--- Ok. Here you are.

好的。给你。

2.当any表示“任何一个”时,可用在肯定句中,此时它后面要接单数可数名词。如:Take any book you like.

你喜欢哪本书就拿哪本。

【活学活用】

用some 和any填空。

1.There isn’t _________ fish in my room.

2.I meet __________ friends in the school.

(Keys: any; some )

2. healthy

【典例探究】

1. Is milk a healthy drink?

牛奶是健康饮料吗?

2. Mr Wang is 80 years old. But he is healthy.

王老师80岁了,但是很健康。

【点拨与思考】

healthy是形容词,意思是"健康的"。形容词在句子中可以作定语,修饰名词,在例句1中,healthy修饰名词drink,作它的定语;形容词还可以在句子中作表语,构成主系表结构,即主语 + 系动词 + 表语形容词,在例句2中,第二句的主语是he, 所以用表第三人称单

数的系动词is,表语形容词是healthy。

【活学活用】

根据中文完成句子。

蔬菜是健康食品。

Vegetables are ___________________.

(Key: healthy food)

3. have / has got

【典例探究】

1. They have got many flowers.

他们有很多花。

2. This table has got four legs.

这张桌子有四条腿。

3. Tom hasn't got a bike.

汤姆没有自行车。

4. --- Have your parents got any brothers or sisters?

你的父母有兄弟姐妹吗?

--- Yes, they have. / No, they haven't.

是的,他们有。/ 不,他们没有。

【点拨与思考】

have got 是英语中常用的表示“有”的一种句型。

一、词形变化

have / has got句型中的的主语既可以是人(如例句1),也可以是物(如例句2)。在例句1中,人称代词they作主语,所以谓语动词要用复数形式have got;在例句2中,单数名词table作主语,所以谓语动词用单数形式has got。

二、句型变化

1) 含have / has got的陈述句变为否定句时,要在have / has后面加not;have not 和has not常常缩写为haven't和hasn't,如例句3。

2) 含have / has got的陈述句变为一般疑问句时, 要把have或has提到主语之前。其肯定答语为"Yes, 主语 + have / has"。否定答语为"No, 主语 + haven't / hasn't",如例句4。

【相关链接】

表示“有”的句型have got 多用于英式英语中, 在美式英语中多用have。如:

I have a computer.

我有一台电脑。

【活学活用】

句型转换。

1. I have got a black cat. (改为否定句)

____________________

2. They have got some books. (用she改写句子)

_____________________

(Keys: 1. I haven’t got a black cat. 2. She has got some books. )

4. 可数名词和不可数名词

【典例探究】

1.The bag is yellow.

这个书包是黄色的。

2.Two eggs are on the table.

两个鸡蛋在桌子上。

3.The water is very hot.

这水很热。

4.There is a lot of milk.

有很多牛奶。

【点拨】

英语名词,可以分为普通名称、专有名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词;也可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。下面我们就对可数名词和不可数名词进行学习。

一、可数名词是可以计数的名词,有单复数之分。表示单个概念时用单数形式,单数名

词不能单独使用,她必须与冠词、代词等修饰词连用。当单数名词做主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,如例句1。可数名词表示两个或两个以上概念时用复数形式。当复数名词做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,如例句2.

二、不可数名词是不能计数的名词,它没有复数形式,不能与不定冠词连用,但可以与

定冠词the连用。当不可数名词用作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,如例句3和4。

注意:

单数可数名词前可用不定冠词a/an修饰:a用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前,如a carrot; an则用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前,如an apple。

表示两个或两个以上概念时,要用可数名词的复数形式,其变化规则如下:

1)一般情况下在词尾加-s,如:banana – bananas, egg- eggs

2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词在词尾加-es, 如:class- classes, box- boxes

3)以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的词先变y为i,再加-es,如:strawberry- strawberries 4)以o结尾的词在词尾加-s或-es,如:photo- photos, tomato- tomatoes

5)以f或fe结尾的词,把f或fe变成-ves,如:knife- knives

有些名词复数的变化并不规则,要在学习中积累。如:tooth- teeth

【相关链接】

在英语中还有一类名词,既可以用作可数名词,也可以用作不可数名词,但所表达的意义不同,如:fruits表示各种水果;foods表示各种食物;chicken用作不可数名词时表示“鸡肉”,而用作可数名词时表示“小鸡”。

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