完整高中英语时态语态讲解及习题

时态与语态

一．一般现在时，表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作和状态，常见的时间状语包括

sometimes, often, usually, always，occasionally, now and then,on weekends,on

Sundays,every week/month/year等

She always takes a walk in the evening.

He often does his homework in his study.

1.一般现在时表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象和谚语格言中，此用法即使出现在过去语境中，也用一般现在时。

The moon goes around the earth.

Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败

He said the earth is round.

2.主句是一般将来时,由when，after, before, as soon as, the minute,whenever 等引导的时

间状语和由if, unless, so long as, once等引导的条件状语和however,even if 等引导的让

步状语从句中一般用一般现在时表示将来。如：

l'll go there after I finish my work.

If it rains tomorrow,I won't go there.

I will tell her when she comes tomorrow.

Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meeting will take place.

3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动

作。例如：

There goes the bell.铃响了。

There comes the bus.汽车来了。

Here she comes.她来了。

4. But for the fact that…从句中，that 从句的谓语动词时态要根据句子谓语所表示的时间而定。But for the fact that he is busy now, he would be here.

But for the fact that you were ill, I would have had you print the papers.

二、一般过去时

表示过去的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态或者某个人过去的经历，与现在无关，常用的

时间状语有yesterday， the day before yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, last

month/year, just now, in 1982, in the old days, in the past, when I was young, when I was in

London,when I was a child等

I received two letters last week.

The Olympic Games were held in Beijing in 2008.

When I was in Beijing, I often went to Beijing university.

1.表示某人过去的经历

1) ---- Have you graduated from the university?

----- Yes, I learned English for 4 years in the university.

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2) ---- Have you finished your homework ?

----- Yes, I ________(finish) it within hald an hour.

3) I ______(be) in London for 10 years, but I have never regretted returning to China.

2. intend, wonder, think, realize等用过去时，表示说话人原来没有料到，打算，想到等

I thought you were a student.

I didn't think /realize you failed again.

I didn't intend to hurt you.

3. used to do sth/ would do sth 过去常常做某事

We used to spend our vacation in the mountains

4.句型

1）.It is (high) time sb did sth/ It is time that sb should do sth.某人该干某事了。

It is time you went to bed.

2) .Would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人做某事，用于对现在和将来时间的虚拟。

I would rather you came tomorrow/now.

3). Would/ should/ ought to/ could/ might/ needn't/ would like to have done sth, but…句型

中，but 后面的谓语动词需用一般过去时或过去进行时。

a. He should have turned up but he had an unexpected visitor.

b. --- Did you attend the party?

---- I would have(attended the party) but I was busy.

= I was busy otherwise/or I would have attended the party.

= I had planned to attend the party but I was busy.

= I was going to attend the party, but I was busy.

4). Would you mind if sb did sth? 如果…干某事，你介意吗？

Would you mind if I opened the door?

三．一般将来时/过去将来时

一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。常见的时间状语有next…, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in+时间段，before+ 时间点，in the future等.

1.will/shall do sth

1）表示事物的固有属性或者必然的趋势；

Fish will die without water.

2) will 表示将来，有时含偶然性和临时性决定的意思。

---- Do you know Mr. Smith has come to our town?

---- No, I will go and visit him right now.

2.be going to do sth

1）表示事先考虑过，计划打算做某事，注意区分一下will 表示临时性决定的用法。

He is going to speak on Tv this evening.

2）表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。

Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.

表示过去本打算做某事，但未做注意：was going to

----Tom, you didn't come to the party last night?

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---- I was going to, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.

3.be doing sth 有些动词如come, go, arrive,leave,begin, start, return等，

其现在进行时表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作。

I'm leaving for Beijing next month.

4.be about to do sth/ be on the point of doing sth (when) “即将干某事(这

是突然)…”该结构不与具体的时间状语连用，但可以和并列连词when连用。

The train is about to start.

The plan is on the point of taking off.

5. 某些动词的一般现在时可以表示计划、安排将要做的事情，此种用法常常用于火车时刻、

飞机时刻、电影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。

We must hurry up. The first class begins at 8 o'clock.

The train leaves at 5 and arrives at 8.

6.be to do sth

1).表示按计划或安排要做的事

She is to get married next month.

注意：were/was to have done sth 表示未曾实现的计划。

We were to have told you, but you were not in.

2) 表示“应该”，相当于should, ought to.

You are to report it to the police.

3) 表示“想，打算”, 相当于intend, want.

If we are to be there before ten, we'll have to go now.

四．现在进行时 am/is /are doing sth

表示说话时正在发生的动作，有时也表示一段时间内持续进行的动作，常见的时间

状语为: now, at present, these days

等

I am writing a novel these days.

I'm doing a word puzzle in this newspaper.

1)与always, constantly, continually, forever, all the time 等连用，带有厌恶、批评、不喜欢、赞扬等感情色彩。

You are always putting your things around.

He is always helping others.

2) 下列四类动词一般不用现在进行时

感觉类：look, smell, feel, sound, taste,see, hear等

The soup tastes good.

情感类：like,love, prefer, admire, hate, fear, adore等

I love my dad and mum.

心态类：wish. Hope, want, need, believe, understand, agree, know, remember,

forget 等

I don't believe my eyes.

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存在状态类：appear, lie, remain, belong, have 等

Those books belong to Mr. Li.

3) 延续性动作用进行体，短暂性动作用一般体，一个延续性动作为背景，被一个短暂

性动作打断

My brother fell while he was riding his bike and hurt himself.

As she was reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep.

五．过去进行时 was/were doing sth

表示过去某一时间或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。

1.----- Is there anything Wrong Bob? You look sad.

---- Oh, nothing much. In fact I was just thinking of my friend back home.

2. ----- Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.

----- Where was I?

----- You were saying you didn't like your father's job.

3. ----- Hey, look where you are going?

----- Oh, I'm terribly sorry. I wasn't noticing.

六．将来进行时 will be doing sth

表示将来某时正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。

1). Doctor Wang will be giving another talk on this subject at the same time next week.

2). This time tomorrow I will be watching you play on TV.

3). Don't telephone me after 8------- I will be having a meeting.

七．现在完成时 have/has done sth

表示过去某个动作已经完成，或者过去开始的动作一直延续到现在，强调对现在的影响，常见的时间状语有for, since+过去时间，since then, ever since, so far, by now/ until

now/ up to now, lately/recently, in the past/last (ten years),还有already,just, yet,never

ever,still等常跟现在完成时连用。

In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.

He has written 8 books so far.

I have already seen the film.

They have worked here since they left college.

By now/Until now/ Up to now, I has remembered 3000 English words.

1). 在“最高级+名词”的句子中用用现在完成时

This is the best tea( that) I have ever drunk.

This is the best film I have ever seen.

2). It/This is the first/second…time(that) sb have done sth 某人第几次做某事

This is the first time (that) I have come here.

3) It+ has been/is +一段时间 + since sb did sth 表示动作从终止已经多久了。

It has been five years since he lived here. 他不在这工作已经5年了。

It has been five years since he began to work here. 他在这工作已经五年了。

It has been 3 years since he smoked. 他不吸烟已经三年了。

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4). have/has gone to到某地去了,还未回来

have/has been to曾经到过某地,人已回来

——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.

——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.

5).非延续性动词连用，即瞬间动词，join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, come, arrive, die,

marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示

一段时间的状语连用。

如他参军已经三年了

可采用:1）“ago法”：He joined the army three years ago.

2）“延续法”：He has served in the army for three years.

He has been a soldier for 3 years.

He has been in the army for 3 years.

3）“since法”：It is/has been three years since he joined the army.

翻译：他和玛丽结婚已经三年了

延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：

结婚 marry--- be married 借 borrow ----keep;

买buy----- have 离开leave ---be away

死亡die --- be dead; 结束 finish ／end ／stop----be over

生病fall ill ---be ill；起床 get up ----- be up；

感冒catch ／get a cold---- have a cold；来/去come/go here ----be here/there；

成为become ---- be；回来come back----- be back；

睡着fall asleep ----- be asleep；到达get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in)；

认识get to know ---- know；出去 go (get) out ----be out；

穿put on ---- wear；去国外 go abroad --- be abroad; 醒 wake up --- be awake 关闭 turn off ----- be off

打开 turn on ---- be on 动身 leave for---- be off for 睡觉 go to sleep --- be asleep 打开/关闭open/close sth ---keep sth open/closed；

参加join ----- be in+组织机构或be a member of+组织机构；

上学go to school ----- be in school／be a student;

交朋友make friends with ------be friends with

丢失lose -----be lost ／be missing ／be gone;

失业lose one's job ／work-----be out of work ／a job等

八．过去完成时 had done sth

表示“过去的过去”，必须找过去的时间作为参照点，常见的时间状语有 before，by+

过去时间, by the end of + 过去时间， by the time + 过去时间, by then, until then等。

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to the institute. she came He had learned some English before had been abroad for 3 years. He said that he had studied French for 2 years. By 1998，

he

5000 words. , I had rememberedBy the end of last year English for 3 years. he had learned By then

had known nothing about it yet. Until then he

had cooked supper for him. he arrived home, his mother By the time

By the time he was 12 years old, he had built a lab for himself.

等，其过去完成如：hope, expect, mean, intend, want, wish, suppose 1). 表示愿望、打算的词

时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.

I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at that moment.

.…Hardly/ Scarcely/ Barely had sb done sth when….; No sooner had sb done sth than2) .

就一…

Hardly had I gone out when it began to rain.

这是某人第几次干某事3) It was the first time( that) sb had done sth

It was the first time he had been to the Great Wall.

过去→现在→将来) 现在完成进行时have/has been doing sth (九.

用来表示从过去某一时刻开始

一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。例如：

He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.

It has been raining for two days.

will have done sth 将来完成时十．By + 现在时间

have/has done sth

By + 过去时间had done sth

By+ 将来时间will have done

1). By the year of 2019, we will have entered the university.

2). By the time my father comes back, I will have finished the work.

比较：By the time my father came back, I had finished the work.

By now, I have finished 5000 English words.

十一.易混时态的区别

1.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别问题

这两个时态的动作都发生在过去，但现在完成时着重说明的是这个过去发生的动作同现在的关系、对现在产生的结果或影响等，所以，它不能和表示过去时间的状语连用；而一般过去时只着重说明这个动作是在过去某时发生的，并不表示这个过去的动作同现在的关系，更谈不上什么结果和影响，所以，它可以和表示过去时间的状语连用。例如：

(1) I lived in Beijing for five years between 1991 and 1996.

(2) I have lived in Beijing for 5 years so far.

[典型例题1] --- Nice to see you back! How long _____ you _____ in Russia?

--- 4 months.

A. did; stay

B. have; stayed

C. have; been staying

D. do; stay

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高中英语时态 专题讲解

时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态.英语中的时态是通 过动词形式本身的变化来实现的.英语有16种时态,但中学阶段较常用的有十种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去完成时,英在完成时和现在完成进行时. 1.一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every..., sometimes, at..., on Sunday。例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如： The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 3) 表示格言或警句。例如： Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如： I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。

高中英语动词时态语态考点详解版

表格式一般现在时态和语态 2. Jenny (has) a good friend? 3. Brian （not live) in China. 4. Li Ming with me (be) in Beijing. 5. If it （not rain）tomorrow, we will go to the park. 6. Our teacher said that the earth (go)around the sun yesterday. 7.He （help）the old man every week . 8.The old man （help）by him every week. 9.The building (visit) by many people every year.

一一般现在时 （一）定义：主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作， 句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等 He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. （二）标志词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever，every week (day, year, month…), once /twice a week, on Sundays, （三）谓语动词构成： 1 be动词的一般现在时：am is are（"是"，“在”） 2 当谓语动词是行为动词的时候： （1）当主语不是第三人称单数的时候，一般现在时用行为动词的原形 （2）主语是he,she,it等第三人称单数（除去I,you以外的任何一个单数的名词或者代词），动词要变形加s或es． （温馨提示：动词变形要符合两个条件：1，主语是三单，2，句子是肯定句） （四）.基本结构： 1，肯定句：主语+谓语（+其他的） He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. （主语He是三单，又是肯定句，所以谓语动词发生变形，加上了s） Tom and Tim both have medium height. He has a big mouth. We like the dog very much. 2，否定句：主语+don’t或者doesn’t+动词原形+其他(在be或者后面加上do does) Candy doesn’t do her housework every day. We don’t dance . He isn’t a worker. 3，一般疑问句：Do (Does)+主语+动词原形+其他？（把be或者do does 提到主语的前面）Does she like English? Yes,she does. No,she doesn’t. Do you swim in summer? Are you a teacher? 4，特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句Where does Tom come from? （五) 一般现在时态用法 （1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与这样的时间状语连用： eg: We always help each other. It often snows in winter. I get up early every morning. （2）表示主语现在的特征、性格、能力等。 eg: He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. Tom and Tim both have medium height. （3）表示客观、普遍真理 eg: Two and four makes six. Water boils at 100℃The moon moves round the earth。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. （4）表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 （六）一般现在时态的考点：

高考英语时态语态专项训练含答案

1. Please do me a favor — ______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight. A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. invited 2. —I called you last night，but nobody answered. —Oh，I usually________ off my cell phone by 8:00 pm. A. switched B. have switched C. switch D. had switched 3. I _________ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play 4. The house belongs to my aunt but she D. doesn’t live 5. The father as well as his three children skating on the frozen river every Sunday A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going 6. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _____ the Pacific, and we met no storms. A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 7. In many parts of the world, tea ________ milk mild and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 8 The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ___ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting 9. Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ______ us. A. bothers B. had bothered C. would bother D. bothered 10. The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _______now. A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained 11. Look at the pride on Tom’s face. He_______ to have been praised by the manager just now. A. seemed B. seems C. had seemed D. is seeming 12. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the "r" sounds at the end of the words . A. are dropped B. Drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped 13. —Do you have any problems if you —Well， A. offer C. are offered D. will be offered 14. The wet weather will continue tomorrow，when a cold front A. is expected C. expects D. will be expected 15. —How long do you want me to heat the oil? —Heat it till it ________ to smoke. A. would begin B. begins C. will begin D. began 16. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ___to eat more fruit and vegetables. A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded 17. — When will you come to see me, Dad? — I will go to see you when you the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish 18. Come and see me whenever _______. A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient

高中英语时态和语态专项练习题

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(完整word版)高中英语动词时态语态复习讲解

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般现在时 一直以来的习惯动作；目前状态；规律 一般现在时J单三人称：动词r或es ［非单三人称：动词原形

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