新概念第三册课文精读详解14

Lesson 48 The silent village 沉默的村庄

一、【Text】课文

In this much-travelled world, there are still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists. We always assume that villagers in remote places are friendly and hospitable. But people who are cut off not only from foreign tourists, but even from their own countrymen can be hostile to travellers. Visits to really remote villages are seldom enjoyable -- as my wife and I discovered during a tour through the Balkans.

We had spent several days in a small town and visited a number of old churches in the vicinity. These attracted many visitors, for they were not only of great architectural interest, but contained a large number of beautifully preserved frescoes as well. On the day before our departure, several bus loads of tourists descended on the town. This was more than we could bear, so we decided to spend our last day exploring the countryside. Taking a path which led out of the town, we crossed a few fields until we came to a dense wood. We expected the path to end abruptly, but we found that it traced its way through the trees. We tramped through the wood for over two hours until we arrived at a deep stream. We could see that the path continued on the other side, but we had no idea how we could get across the stream. Suddenly my wife spotted a boat moored to the bank. In it there was a boatman fast asleep. We gently woke him up and asked him to ferry us to the other side. Though he was reluctant to do so at first, we eventually persuaded him to take us.

The path led to a tiny village perched on the steep sides of a mountain. The place consisted of a straggling unmade road which was lined on either side by small houses. Even under a clear blue sky, the village looked forbidding, as all the houses were built of grey mud bricks. The village seemed deserted, the only sign of life being an ugly-looking black goat on a short length of rope tied to a tree in a field nearby. Sitting down on a dilapidated wooden fence near the field, we opened a couple of tins of sardines and had a picnic lunch. All at once, I noticed that my wife seemed to be filled with alarm. Looking up I saw that we were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us silently as we ate. We offered them food and spoke to them kindly, but they remained motionless. I concluded that they were simply shy of strangers. When we later walked down the main street of the villager, we were followed by a silent procession of children. The village which had seemed deserted, immediately came to life. Faces appeared at windows. Men in shirt sleeves stood outside their houses and glared at us. Old women in black shawls peered at us from doorways. The most frightening thing of all was that not a sound could be heard. There was no doubt that we were unwelcome visitors. We needed no further warning. Turning back down the main street, we quickened our pace and made our way rapidly towards the stream where we hoped the boatman was waiting.

二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语

●inacce ssible adj. 难接近的,达不到的

●hospitable adj. 不好客的

●hostile adj. 不友好的,有敌意的

●vicinity n. 周围,近邻

●architectural adj. 建筑的

●fresco n. 壁画

●abruptly adv. 突然地,意外地

●tramp v. 徒步行进

●moor v. （用绳、链、锚）系（船）

●ferry v. （用渡船）运

●straggle v. 蔓延，散乱分布

●sardine n. 沙丁鱼，沙丁鱼罐头

●dila pidated adj. 陈旧破烂的，倒塌的

●rag n. 破烂衣服

●motionless adj. 不动的

●procession adj. 不动的

●shawl n. 披巾，围巾

●peer v. 凝视，盯着

●quicken v. 加快

◆inaccessible adj. 难接近的,达不到的

access n. 通路，通道

entrance 入口

accessible adj.: easy to get to / easy to understand

Eg: The book is accessible to learners / beginners.

The facts are accessible to all of us. 易于得到的/ 易于理解的Eg: Heavy snow made the village inaccessible to traffic.

approach: v. 接近

approachable

unapproachable 无可匹敌的；难以接近的

Eg: He has got unapproachable beauty.

access: opportunity 机会

Eg: Only high officiales have access to him.

Only teacheres have access to the head master.

◆hospitable adj.好客的

amiable 亲切的

cordial 热诚的，热心的

faithful 忠诚的

friendly 友好的

neighborly 和睦的

receptive 善于接受的，接纳的

◆hostile adj. 不友好的,有敌意的

unfriendly

be hostile to / be unfriendly to

antagonistic: 对抗性的，敌对的

effensive: 进攻性的

Eg: I took notice of his evvensive remarks.

aggressive; 挑畔的

◆vicinity n. 周围,近邻

in the vicinity / in the nerborhood 比后一个正式（书面用词）I often visit the fair in the vicinity.

vicinity: about

in the vicinity of

He is in thevicinity of fifty. 他大约50岁吧。

the inhabitant of the vicinity

◆architectural adj. 建筑的

◆fresco n. 壁画

◆abruptly adv. 突然地,意外地

◆tramp v. 徒步行进

◆moor v. （用绳、链、锚）系（船）

◆ferry v. （用渡船）运

◆straggle v. 蔓延，散乱分布

◆dilapidated adj. 陈旧破烂的，倒塌的

dilapidate vt. 使倒塌，便破损

dilapidation n.

batter v. 撞坏，撞击

battered adj.

Eg: It is easy to recognize the battered car.

broken-down

run down 渐渐变糟，恶化; run-down: 渐渐被恶化的

Eg: The doctor had not to do with his run-down renew.

◆sardine n. 沙丁鱼，沙丁鱼罐头

◆rag n. 破烂衣服

◆motionless adj. 不动的

◆procession adj. 不动的

◆shawl n. 披巾，围巾

◆peer v. 凝视，盯着

◆quicken v. 加快

三、【课文精析】

be accessible / inaccessible to sb. 是......难以达到的

not only from / but from 强调介词

cut off from: separate from / isolate from 与......隔绝

Key sentence:

Visits to really remote villages are seldom enjoyable

Eg: He is cut off from all his friends after he went abroad.

Such people who are hostile to travellers are ones who are cut off from the society.

of great interest

beautifully-preserved

Key sentence:

On the day before our departure, several bus loads of tourists descended on the town.

Key sentence:

Taking a path which led out of the town, we crossed a few fields until we came to a dense wood.

Key sentence:

The village seemed deserted, the only sign of life being an ugly-looking black goat on a short length of rope tied to a tree in a field nearby.

Key sentence:

The village which had seemed deserted, immediately came to life.

Key sentence:

The most frightening thing of all was that not a sound could be heard. there is no doubt that / without any doubts 毫无疑问

trace its way

make one’s way out of

fight one’s way 杀出一条路来

feel one’s way 摸出一条路

wind one’s way 碗延一条路

Key sentence:

but we had no idea how we could get across the stream.

a boat moored to the bank

a boatman fast asleep

fast asleep 熟睡

Key sentence:

The path led to a tiny village perched on the steep sides of a mountain.

Key sentence:

The place consisted of a straggling unmade road which was lined on either side by small houses.

on either side == on both sides

all at once == almost immediately

Key sentence:

I concluded that they were simply shy of strangers.

Lesson 49 The ideal servant 理想的仆人

一、【Text】课文

It is a good thing my aunt Harriet died years ago. If she were alive today she would not be able to air her views on her favourite topic of conversation: domestic servants. Aunt Harriet lived in that leisurely age when servants were employed to do housework. She had a huge, rambling country house called 'The Gables'. She was sentimentally attached to this house, for even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after her husband's death. Before she grew old,

Aunt Harriet used to entertain lavishly. I often visited The Gables when I was boy. No matter how many guests were present, the great house was always immaculate. The parquet floors shone like mirrors; highly polished silver was displayed in gleaming glass cabinets; even my uncle's huge collection of books was kept miraculously free from dust. Aunt Harriet presided over an invisible army of servants that continuously scrubbed, cleaned, and polished. She always referred to them as 'the shifting population', for they came and went with such frequency that I never even got a chance to learn their names. Though my aunt pursued what was, in those days, an enlightened policy, in that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day, she was extremely difficult to please. While she always criticized the fickleness of human nature, she carried on an unrelenting search for the ideal servant to the end of her days, even after she had been sadly disillusioned by Bessie.

Bessie worked for Aunt Harriet for three years. During that time she so gained my aunt's confidence that she was put in charge of the domestic staff. Aunt Harriet could not find words to praise Bessie's industriousness and efficiency. In addition to all her other qualifications, Bessie was an expert cook. She acted the role of the perfect servant for three years before Aunt Harriet discovered her 'little weakness'. After being absent from the Gables for a week, my aunt unexpectedly returned one afternoon with a party of guests and instructed Bessie to prepare dinner. No only was the meal well below the usual standard, but Bessie seemed unable to walk steadily. She bumped into the furniture and kept mumbling about the guests. When she came in with the last course -- a huge pudding -- she tripped on the carpet and the pudding went flying through the air, narrowly missed my aunt, and crashed on the dining table with considerable force. Though this caused great mirth among the guests, Aunt Harriet was horrified. She reluctantly came to the conclusion that Bessie was drunk. The guests had, of course, realized this from the moment Bessie opened the door for them and, long before the final catastrophe, had had a difficult time trying to conceal their amusement. The poor girl was dismissed instantly. After her departure, Aunt Harriet discovered that there were piles of empty wine bottles of all shapes and sizes neatly stacked in what had once been Bessie's wardrobe. They had mysteriously found their way there from the wine cellar!

二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语

●rambling adj. 杂乱无章的

●sentimentally adv. 感情上，多情地

●lavishly adv. 慷慨地，大方地

●immaculate adj. 清洁的，无污点的

●parquet n. 镶木地板

●gleam v. 发亮，闪光

●preside v. 指挥

●invisible adj. 看不见的，无形的

●scrub v. 擦拭，刷洗

●enlightened adj. 开明的

●fickleness n. 变化无常

●unrelenting adj. 不屈不挠的，不松懈的

●disillusion v. 使幻想破灭

●industriousness n. 勤奋

●qualification n. 资格，能力

●mirth n. 欢笑，高兴

●stack v. 整齐地堆放

●cellar n. 地窖

◆rambling adj. 杂乱无章的

ramble vi.

1. 闲逛，漫步

stroll

go for a walk / have a walk

go for a stroll / have stroll

They rambled through the ferast.

2. 漫谈，聊开

Eg: The old lady began to ramble about her youth.

3. 植物的蔓延生长

Eg: The wild roses ramble over the fance.

◆sentimentally adv. 感情上，多情地

sentiment n.

sentiments 情操

The sentiments of pity: 恻陷之心

emotion 感情（总称）

out of sentiments: 出于同情

sentimental adj. emotional

◆◆◆lavishly adv. 慷慨地，大方地

lavish adj. 慷慨的，大方的

eg: Are you lavished to your friend.

extravagant 挥霍的，奢侈的

lavish money on sth. /sb.

lavish praises on sb.

grudge 舍不得给

Eg: Do you lavish praises on your friends? 你总是大肆吹捧你的朋友吗？lavish care on sb. 过度的关心或庞爱

generous 慷慨大方的

liberal: 开明的

prodigal: 浪费的，挥霍无度的

wasteful

反义词：thrifty, economical, frugal, not wasteful

◆immaculate adj. 清洁的，无污点的

spotless

◆parquet n. 镶木地板

◆gleam v. 发亮，闪光

◆preside v. 指挥

vi. preside at

Eg: Who will preside at the party?

Yesterday my friend visited me so I preside at tea. 招待

◆invisible adj. 看不见的，无形的

visible

◆scrub v. 擦拭，刷洗

polish: 润色

◆enlightened adj. 开明的

◆fickleness n. 变化无常

◆unrelenting adj. 不屈不挠的，不松懈的

strong-minded

continuous

◆disillusion v. 使幻想破灭

◆industriousness n. 勤奋

◆qualification n. 资格，能力

◆mirth n. 欢笑，高兴(书面化，文学中或诗歌中)

happiness, joy, merriment, fun, amusement, entertainment, delight, rapture

◆stack v. 整齐地堆放

◆cellar n. 地窖

三、【课文精析】

Key sentence:

If she were alive today she would not be able to air her views on her favourite topic of conversation: domestic servants.

air one’s views on sth. / sb. 对......发表意见

Key sentence:

lived in that leisurely age when

Key sentence:

She was sentimentally attached to this house, for even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after her husband's death.

attach to

Key sentence:

she persisted in living there long after her husband's death.

persist in doing sth.

long after

short after

long before

short before

Key sentence:

even my uncle's huge collection of books was kept miraculously free from dust.

Key sentence:

She always referred to them as 'the shifting population', for they came and went with such frequency that I never even got a chance to learn their names.

refer to / regard sb. as

Key sentence:

While she always criticized the fickleness of human nature, she carried on an unrelenting search for the ideal servant to the end of her days, even after she had been sadly disillusioned by Bessie.

carry on

During that time

put sb. in charge of 安排某人负责

in addition to

act the role: play the role

be absent from: be away from

not only 位于句首，引导完整的语句，部分倒装

below, above常用的修饰词是well

bump into: knock oneself into / onto

reluctantly came to the conclusion that...

come to the conclusion

draw a conclusion

arrive at conclusion

reach conclusion

jump to conclusion

have a difficult time doing sth. : have trouble / difficulty in doing sth

Key sentence:

They had mysteriously found their way there from the wine cellar!

Lesson 50 New Year resolutions

新年的决心

一、【Text】课文

The New Year is a time for resolutions. Mentally, at least, most of us could compile formidable lists of 'dos' and 'don'ts'. The same old favorites recur year in year out with monotonous regularity. We resolve to get up earlier each morning, eat less, find more time to play with the children, do a thousand and one jobs about the house, be nice to people we don't like, drive carefully, and take the dog for a walk every day. Past experience has taught us that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment. If we remain inveterate smokers, it is only because we have so often experienced the frustration that results from failure. Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to carry them out. We also make the fundamental error of announcing our resolutions to everybody so that we look even more foolish when we slip back into our bad old ways. Aware of these pitfalls, this year I attempted to keep my resolutions to myself. I limited myself to two modest ambitions: to do physical exercise every morning and to read more of an evening. An all-night party on New Year's Eve provided me with a good excuse for not carrying out either of these new

resolutions on the first day of the year, but on the second, I applied myself assiduously to the task.

The daily exercises lasted only eleven minutes and I proposed to do them early in the morning before anyone had got up. The self-discipline required to drag myself out of bed eleven minutes earlier than usual was considerable. Nevertheless, I managed to creep down into the living room for two days before anyone found me out. After jumping about on the carpet and twisting the human frame into uncomfortable positions, I sat down at the breakfast table in an exhausted condition. It was this that betrayed me. The next morning the whole family trooped in to watch the performance. That was really unsettling, but I fended off the taunts and jibes of the family good-humouredly and soon everybody got used to the idea. However, my enthusiasm waned. The time I spent at exercises gradually diminished. Little by little the eleven minutes fell to zero. By January 10th, I was back to where I had started from. I argued that if I spent less time exhausting myself at exercises in the morning, I would keep my mind fresh for reading when I got home form work Resisting the hypnotizing effect of television, I sat in my room for a few evenings with my eyes glued to a book. One night, however, feeling cold and lonely, I went downstairs and sat in front of the television pretending to read. That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen. I still haven't given up my resolution to do more reading. In fact, I have just bought a book entitled How to Read a Thousand Words a Minute. Perhaps it will solve my problem, but I just haven't had time to read it!

二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语

●resolution n. 决心

●mentally adv. 内心里

●compile v. 编辑，编制

●formidable adj. 令人畏惧的

●recur v. 再发生，又出现

●regularity n. 规律性

●accomplishment n. 成就

●attainment n. 达到

●inveterate adj. 根深蒂固的

●self-improvement n. 自我完善

●scheme n. 简单的计划，方案

●ambitious adj. 雄心勃勃的

●pitfall n. 意外的困难，易犯的错误

●modest adj. 要求不过分的

●assiduously adv. 刻苦地

●self-discipline n. 自我约束

●frame n. 躯体

●betray v. 暴露，显露

●troop v. 成群结队地走动

●unsettle v. 使不安

●taunt n. 嘲笑，奚落人的话

●jibe n. 嘲弄，挖苦

●good-humouredly adv. 和气地，心情好地

●wane v. 逐渐变小，变弱

●diminish v. 减少，缩小

●hypnotize v. 使欲睡，使蒙胧

●undoing n. 祸根，毁灭的原因

●scree n n. 电视机屏幕

◆resolution n. 决心

resolution

1. the quality of being resolute / formal decision 决心，决议

take resolution to do sth. / make up one’s mind to do sth.

be determined to do sth. / decide to do sth.

resolve / resolve to do sth.

resolve sb. on sth. 使某人做某事

Eg: Before we came here, we resolved to learn English hard.

I resolved him on English study.

Nobody resolved him on this decision. 没有人使他做这样的决定。

resolute adj. 坚决的，果断的

resolution / resolve / resolute

Eg: We must be true in word and resolute in deed. 我们必须是言必信，行必果。

◆mentally adv. 内心里

◆compile v. 编辑，编制

compile

compile / edit vt.

editor

compile: collect information and arrange in a book (great book / dictionary ) edit: collect information and arrange in newspaper or magazine

Eg: The editor is busing editing the newspaper.

◆formidable adj. 令人畏惧的

◆recur v. 再发生，又出现

recur v.

occor: happen

occur to

A good idea occurred to me. / It occurred to him that he should open the door. recur: occur again

incur: vt. 导致，招致，造成（lead to / result in / give rise to / cause）

Eg: Air pollution incurs some terrible dissease.

◆regularity n. 规律性

◆accomplishment n. 成就

◆attainment n. 达到

accomplish 成功地达到目的

accomplish one’s purpose / goal / dream / aim /work / task

He accomplished his journey.

attain:得到，获得（经过艰苦努力）

attain o ne’s ambition

get sccess / attain success

achieve : 达到一定目的时的表现及努力

Eg: This is what he achieved after ten years of hard work. treasure / cherish / volue / prize 珍惜

Eg: We always cherish what we have achieved.

I feel very happy because you accomplish your dream. accomplishment: 成就（修养，才艺，本领方面）

attainment 获得，得到

Eg: Such accomplishment is beyond your attainment.

His attainment is beyond my understanding.

His accomplishment is unexpected to me.

achievement / accomplishment

attain to / attain

attain to : 某人希望达到的成就

attain: 某人已经达到的成就

Eg: He has attained heights that I can never attain to. This is the height that I hope to attain to.

This is the height that I have attained.

◆inveterate adj. 根深蒂固的

◆self-improvement n. 自我完善

◆scheme n. 简单的计划，方案

◆ambitious adj. 雄心勃勃的

ambition

Eg: Everybody in the modern society must be ambitious. If you work hard, you can attain your ambition.

◆pitfall n. 意外的困难，易犯的错误

◆modest adj. 要求不过分的

Eg: I make New Year resolution and I think them modest. Eg: Being modes is one of our virtues.

◆assiduously adv. 刻苦地

assiduously==diligently

Eg: If you study English assiduously, nothing is difficult.

◆self-discipline n. 自我约束

self-improvement 自我完善

◆frame n. 躯体

body

◆betray v. 暴露，显露

Eg: I don’t know who betrayed me.

Her face betrayed her nervousness.

◆troop v. 成群结队地走动

◆unsettle v. 使不安

◆◆◆taunt n. 嘲笑，奚落人的话

taunt vt.

taunt sb. with sth. 因为某事而讥笑某人

Eg: They taunt him with being poor / poverty.

make fun of / laugh at

Eg: He is wearing a strange hat, so we make fun of him.

jeer vi.

jeer at 嘲笑，戏弄

Eg: We know he is eccentric, but anyway don’t jeer at him

mock / mock at

Eg: Mocked (at ) by others, he had my sympathy.

When the teacher is writing on the blackboard, naughty boy student mocked at him. scoff at / pour scorn on

Eg: Don’t scoff at those students who don’t have good accomplishment / mark.

gibe

gible at sb. / sth.

taunt: try to make sb. angry or upset by saying unkind remarks.

Eg: They taunted him with being poor, so he felt angry.

gibe: say sth. that is intended to make the person look silly.

Eg: I gibed at him because, in my opinion, he was dull.

◆jibe n. 嘲弄，挖苦

◆good-humouredly adv. 和气地，心情好地

◆◆◆wane v. 逐渐变小，变弱

wane: becoming less or weaker

Eg: He exerts suttle influence on his children, but his children are growing up, so his influence is waning.

wane: showing a decreasing bright area after full moon.

The moon will wax, the moon will wane. 月有阴晴园缺

◆diminish v. 减少，缩小

diminish: vt. make smaller in size, amout, number and so on.

Eg: The Second World War diminished the country’s wealth.

diminish vi.

Eg: Time will never cause our friendship to diminish. 我们的友谊决不会因时间的流逝而淡薄。

reduce

Eg: If you reduce the price to 10 dollars, I will take it.

reduce to / reduce by

The shop assistant reduced the price by 10 dollars.

lessen 数量，价值，可能性的降低

sharp / sharped wide / widen quick / quicken

Eg: I agree to your idea that you can climb the tree, but anyway, please lesson the rick of being hurt / injoured

I agree to your idea that you can climb the tree, but anyway, please lessen the risk of being hurt / injured.

increase / decrease

Eg: Our interest in English / clothes is increasing.

lessen 可能性的降低

wane 渐渐地衰退

◆hypnotize v. 使欲睡，使蒙胧

lull 催人欲睡

lull sb. to sleep

◆undoing n. 祸根，毁灭的原因

◆screen n. 电视机屏幕

三、【课文精析】

Key sentence:

The New Year is a time for resolutions.

a time for

The spring Festival is a time for gathering.

Mentally: at heart

We become illogical when we decide what can be eaten and what can not be eaten.

Key sentence:

The same old favorites recur year in year out with monotonous regularity. favourite: resolution

recur: happen / take place

year in year out: one year after another / year by year

day by day / one day after another / day in day out

resolve to : 下定决心

Key sentence:

Past experience has taught us that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment.

It is hard for us to attain some certain accomplishment

inveterate: deep rooted

Key sentence:

If we remain inveterate smokers, it is only because we have so often experienced the frustration that results from failure.

Because we have too often experience the frustration, it means nothing to me. result from : 由 ...... 产生的

result in: lead to / cause

Failure will result in frustration. 失败会导致挫败心理。

Key sentence:

Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to carry them out.

carry out: carry off

fail in our efforts / attempt

Eg: We accumulate clutter in an attempt to avoid waste.

Key sentence:

We also make the fundamental error of announcing our resolutions to everybody so that we look even more foolish when we slip back into our bad old ways.

Eg: If you often make some common mistakes, you will get the frustration.

新概念英语第3册课文word版

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新概念第三册语法精粹 第一章英语从句 Subordination 英语从句主要有定语从句，状语从句和名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句） 一．定语从句 定语从句：由关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which; 关系副词when, where, why 引导。 （下面十个句子请读5遍并脱口译出！） 1. The death notices tell us about people who have died during the week. 2. The man (whom) you spoke to just now is my friend. 3. The building whose lights are on is beautiful. 4. Please find a place which we can have a private talk in. 5. The knee is the joint where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg. 6. He still remembers the day when he went to school. 7. It is no need telling us the reason why you didn't finish it in time. 8. He has three sons, two of whom died in the war. 9. Mr. Smith, whose wife is a clerk, teaches us English. 10. In the Sunday paper there are comics, which children enjoy.

(完整版)新概念英语第三册笔记第33课

Lesson 33 A day to remember 难忘的一天 New words and expression 生词和短语 prelude['prelju?d]n. 序幕，前奏 prelude与介词to搭配表示“……的前奏”key/ way/ answer的所有格用to a prelude to serious trouble 麻烦事的前奏 omen ['??m?n] n. 预兆；征兆什么的征兆the omen of 用的是of introduction n. 导言，绪论（连to）introduction to the book preface [?pref.?s] n. 序，前言（连to）foreword n. 序（连to） preface 指作者或编者为说明全书的目的、范围、编辑方法等在序言之前写的一段简短的序文。introduction 普通用词，指任何作品开头对读者或听众说明或介绍该作品，起引导作用的结论部分，和全书内容是一致的。 Unforeseen [?nf??'si?n] a. 意料之外的 foresee v. 预见，预知（主语是人） foresee = see before hand / in advance I foresee a bright future for you. foreseeable a. 可预见的unforeseeable 不可预见的 expected 意料之中的（生活中常用） foretell v. （普通用词）预言（主语可用人和物） predict v. 预言，预示（1、语气比foretell强2、主语是人） He predicts that it would happen in ten years. forecast v. 预测，预报Timely snow foretells bumper harvest. 瑞雪兆丰年。 Fore前缀表示1、前部的（空间），前面的（时间）2、预先 1、forehead forearm前臂forefinger食指foreword前言（写在〔书〕前面的话→前言） Forerunner 先驱，先兆forefather祖先foresight 远见 2、foresee forecast foretell forestall阻止（预先制止） series ['s??ri?z; -r?z] n. 系列 series 单复数同型常见搭配a serie s of We’ve got a series of good harvest. 我们取得了一连串的大丰收。 chain n. 连串连锁 a chain of 一系列 a chain of reaction a series of reaction chain store 连锁店chain reaction 连锁反应 succession [s?k'se?(?)n] 一连串，一系列侧重指时间的顺序，强调时间的连续没有间隔开 a succession of failures 一系列的失败We’ve got a succession of successes. Sequence 一系列; 一连串 series 指按照性质类似或基本相同的关系而安排的一系列事物。 Chain指像链条一样连接在一起的一连串事物，有时彼此间含因果关系。 succession 侧重一些类似的东西或事件一个接一个连续不断。 sequence 多指时间、空间或事件等有规律、合乎逻辑的连续（衔接的次序）。可以是发生的先后顺序，也可以是逻辑顺序。 string （本意是细绳、串）连续不断相似的事件（类似chain） a string of cars 一连串的汽车 catastrophe [k?'t?str?f?] n.. 大祸，灾难 这个词强调严重，波及范围广的灾难