上海市嘉定二中2018-2019学年高一12月月考英语试题(解析版)

上海市嘉定二中2018-2019学年高一12月月考

英语试题

Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Laugh and the world laughs with you. Even ____1____（good）, you might live longer, an American researcher reports.

“Adults who have a sense of humor live longer than ____2____ who don’t find life funny, and the survival edge is particularly large for people ____3____ cancer,” says Richard Smith of the Columbia University of Science and Technology.

He ____4____（present）his study of about 54,000 Americans, ____5____ he had followed for seven years, at the American Psychosomatic Society meeting last Monday.

At the start, patients filled out questionnaires on ____6____ easily they found humor in real-life situations and how important a humorous idea was. The study showed next the greater role humor played in their lives, ____7____ greater their chances were in ____8____（survive）the seven years. Adult scoring in the top one-quarter for humor appreciation were 35% more likely

____9____（be）alive than those in the bottom quarter. In a smaller group of 2,015 people who had a cancer diagnosis(诊断) at the start, the study found ____10____ important that a great sense of humor cut the chances of dying by about 70%.

【答案】1. better

2. those

3. with

4. presented

5. who / whom

6. how

7. the

8. surviving

9. to be 10. it

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。本文作者主要介绍了挪威科技大学的Sven Svebak 的研究发现：有幽默感

的成年人比认为生活无趣的人寿命长，这一点在癌症患者身上尤为明显；如Sven Svebak 发

现，癌症病人的幽默感越强，他在七年之内活下来的可能性就越大。幽默感得分位居前四分

之一的病人生存下来的几率比排在后四分之一的病人高35%；Sven Svebak 对2015名癌症

病人的研究表明，幽默感较强的人死亡的几率比缺乏幽默感的人低70%左右。

1题详解】

考查比较级。句意：笑一笑，世界与你同笑。更重要的是,一名美国研究人员报告说,你可能【

活得更久。此处是even修饰比较级，加强语气，故填better。

【2题详解】

考查替代。句意：有幽默感的成年人比那些认为生活无趣的人寿命长。句中Adults是可数名

词复数，用those替代复数名词，后跟定语从句。故填those。

【3题详解】

考查介词。句意：生存的机会尤其比有癌症的人大。people with cancer“有癌症的人”，此处

是介词短语做定语。故填with。

【4题详解】

考查一般过去时态。句意：他提交了54,000美国人的一项调查。从后面的句子：he had followed

for seven years,和时间状语last Monday，可知此处用一般过去时态，故填presented。

【5题详解】

考查定语从句。句意：上周一，他在美国身心研究学会(American Psychosomatic Society)会议

上公布了自己对约5.4万名美国人的研究结果。此处Americans是先行词，指人，放在后面

的定语从句中作宾语，且that不能引导非限制性定语从句，所以应由who/whom引导定语从

句。故填who/whom。

【6题详解】

考查how引导的宾语从句。句意：一开始，病人要填写一份问卷，问卷内容包括他们在现实

生活中发现幽默的难易程度，以及幽默的想法有多重要。句中easily是副词，所以介词on

后面的宾语从句应由how引导。故填how。

【7题详解】

考查冠词。句意：研究还显示，幽默在他们的生活中扮演的角色越大，他们活过这七年的机

会就越大。固定句型：the+比较级，the+比较级，“越……越……”。此处用the+形容词比较

级，故填the。

【8题详解】

考查动名词。句意：研究还显示，幽默在他们的生活中扮演的角色越大，他们活过这七年的机会就越大。介词in后面接动名词surviving。故填surviving。

【9题详解】

考查固定搭配。句意：在幽默欣赏方面得分最高的四分之一的成年人比得分最低的四分之一的人多35%的可能活下来。固定搭配：be likely to do sth.“很可能做某事”。故填to be。【10题详解】

考查it做形式宾语。句意：研究发现幽默在减少死亡的机会这方面是很重要的。固定句型：sb.+ find+ it+ adj+ that从句。该句型中it是形式主语，后面的that引导的从句是真正的主语。故填it。

【点睛】one替代“a+单数可数名词”，表示泛指;其复数形式ones替代泛指的复数名词。特指的the one相当于that，替代“the+单数名词”;the one的复数形式the ones，替代“the+复数名词”，在口语中也常用those代替。当后面有of短语时，多用that或those;当有前置修饰语时，只能用one(s)。另外，one(s), the one(s), those都只能替代可数名词。如：

Radios are useful for me to learn English. I’d like to buy one.收音机对我学英语很有用，我想买一台。(one替代a radio，是泛指收音机这类东西中的一台)

We still have shortcomings，and they are very big ones too. 我们还有缺点，而且是很大的缺点。(ones替代shortcomings)

We kept seats for those who might arrive late.我们给可能来晚的人留了座位。(those=the ones 替代the persons)

Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light.红色光线的波长约为蓝色波长的两倍。(those替代the waves)

The population of Scotland was eight times as large as that of Cornwall. 苏格兰的人口是康沃尔人口的八倍。(that替代不可数名词the population，不能用the one)

Section B

Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Tributes（致哀）poured in last week to the world-famous British physicist Stephen Hawking, whose insights ____11____ modern cosmology（宇宙学）and inspired global audiences in the millions. He died at the age of 76 on March 14.

Hawking was given only a few years to live after being diagnosed with ALS（肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症）at the age of 21. The illness left him in a wheelchair and largely ____12____ to speak expect through a voice synthesizer（合成器）. Nevertheless, Hawking completed his doctorate（博士学位）on the origins of the universe three years later and became a research fellow at the University of Cambridge’s Caius College.

Hawking’s first major ____13____ came in 1970. With mathematician Roger Penrose, Hawking used Einstein’s theory of relativity（相对论）to ____14____ the origins of time and space to singularity（奇点），a single point of zero size and infinite density（无限大的密度）where all the laws of physics would have broken down. Their work gave mathematical expression to the Big Bang theory（创世大爆炸理论）. Hawking was the first to try to ____15____ relativity with quantum mechanics（量子力学）. In 1974, he put forward that black holes leaked radiation, now known as“Hawking radiation,”and would eventually disappear with a tremendous explosion. The proposal ____16____ to one of the most passionate debates in modern cosmology—before Hawking, it was widely accepted that black holes were completely black and would ____17____ forever.

In 1982, Hawking was among the first to show how tiny changes in the distribution（分布）of matter might give rise to the ____18____ of galaxies（银河系）in the universe and lay the seeds of stars, planets and life as we know it.

For 30 years, Hawking was Cambridge’s Lucasian professor of mathematics（卢卡斯数学教授席位），arguably Britain’s most distinguished chair（席位）and a post once held by Sir Isaac Newton. He received 12 honorary degrees and was awarded a Companion of Honor（英国荣誉勋位）by Queen Elizabeth in 1989. The 1988 publication of A Brief History of Time won Hawking international ____19____. The book, through which the professor brought complex science to

a_____20_____ audience, has sold at least ten million books in 40 languages.

【答案】11. B 12. E

13. H 14. A

15. C 16. K

17. F 18. I

19. J 20. G

【解析】

这是一篇人物传记。文章介绍世界著名的英国物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金以及他对人类做出的贡

献。

11题详解】

考查一般过去时态。句意：上周，世界著名的英国物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金(Stephen Hawking)收【

到了大量的致敬，他的洞见塑造了现代宇宙学，并激励了全球数百万观众。根据last week可

知句子用一般过去时态。结合句意可知此处用动词shape“塑造”的过去式。所以填shaped，

故选B。

【12题详解】

考查形容词。句意：疾病使他只能坐在轮椅上，除了通过语音合成器外，他基本上不能说话。

固定搭配：be unable to do sth.“不能做某事”。结合句意可知此处用形容词unable“不能的”。

所以填unable，故选E。

【13题详解】

考查名词。句意：霍金的第一次重大突破出现在1970年。结合句意可知此处用名词

breakthrough“突破”。所以填breakthrough，故选H。

【14题详解】

考查动词。句意：在数学家罗杰·彭罗斯(Roger Penrose)的帮助下，霍金利用爱因斯坦的相对

论，将时间和空间的起源推到了奇点——一个大小为零、密度为无穷大的单一点，在那里所

有的物理定律都将被打破。结合句意可知此处用动词race“使急走，使全速行进”。所以选race，

故选A。

【15题详解】

考查动词。句意：霍金是第一个试图把相对论和量子力学结合起来的人。固定搭配：try to do

sth.“尽力去做某事”。此处是动词不定式作宾语，再结合句意可知此处用动词marry。所以填

marry，故选C。

【16题详解】

考查一般过去时态。句意：这一提议引发了现代宇宙学中最激烈的争论之一。固定短语：lead to“导致，引起”。句子用一般过去时态，再结合句意可知此处用动词lead“导致，引领”的过去式。所以填led，故选K。

【17题详解】

考查动词。句意：在霍金之前，人们普遍认为黑洞是完全黑的，而且会永远存在下去。情态动词would后面用动词原形。再结合句意可知此处用动词原形last“持续，持久”。所以填last，故选F。

【18题详解】

考查名词。句意：1982年，霍金是第一个证明物质分布的微小变化可能导致宇宙中星系的扩展，并为我们所知的恒星、行星和生命播下种子的人之一。分析句子结构the ____8____ of可知此处用名词形式，再再结合句意可知此处用名词spread“传播，展开”。所以填spread，故选I。

【19题详解】

考查名词。句意：1988年出版的《时间简史》为霍金赢得了国际声誉。结合句意可知此处用名词reputation“名声”。所以填reputation，故选J。

【20题详解】

考查名词。句意：通过这本书，这位教授将复杂的科学介绍给了大众，这本书已经卖出了40种语言的至少1000万本书。再结合句意可知此处用名词mass“民众”。所以填mass，故选G。Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Most people believe they don’t have much imagination. They are ___21___. Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to ___22___it. Creativity isn’t always ___23___with great works of art or ideas. People at work and in their free time

___24___think of creative ways to solve problems. Maybe you have a goal to achieve, a tricky question to answer or you just want to expand your mind! Here are three techniques to help you.

Making connections. This technique involves taking ___25___ideas and trying to find links between them. First, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image, word, idea or object, for example, a candle. Write down all the ideas/words

___26___with candles: light, fire, matches, wax, night, silence, etc. Think of as many as you can. The next stage is to relate the ___27___to the job you have to do. So imagine you want to buy a friend an original ___28___; you could buy him tickets to match or take him out for the night.

NO limits! Imagine that normal limitations don’t ___29___. You have as much time /space / money, etc. as you want. Think about your goal and the new ____30____. If your goal is to learn to ski, ____31____, you can now practise skiing every day of your life (because you have the time and the money). Now ____32____ this to reality. Maybe you can practise skiing every day in December, or every Monday in January.

Be someone else! Look at the situation from a ____33____point of view. Good businessmen use this technique in trade, and so do writers. Fiction writers often imagine they are the ____34____in their books. They ask questions: What does this character want? Why can’t she get it? What changes must she make to get what she wants? If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their ____35____. The best fishermen think like fish!

21. A. wrong B. unbelievable C. reasonable D. realistic

22. A. put up with B. catch up with C. make use of D. keep track of

23. A. equipped B. compared C. covered D. connected

24. A. skillfully B. routinely C. vividly D. deeply

25. A. familiar B. unrelated C. creative D. imaginary

26. A. presented B. marked C. lit D. associated

27. A. ideas B. ambitions C. achievement D. technique

28. A. experience B. service C. present D. object

29. A. work B. last C. exist D. change

30. A. possibilities B. limitations C. tendency D. practice

31. A. in fact B. in particular C. as a whole D. for example

32. A. devote B. adapt C. lead D. keep

33. A. private B. global C. different D. practical

34. A. features B. themes C. creatures D. characters

35. A. positions B. dreams C. images D. directions

【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何让自己有创造性，并给出了3个方法。

【21题详解】

考查形容词和上下文串联。A. wrong错误的；B. unbelievable难以想象的；C. reasonable 合理的；D. realistic现实的。根据下文的每个人都有想象力可知，以前的看法是错误的。故选A

【22题详解】

考查动词短语辨析。A. put up with忍受；B. catch up with追上，赶上；C. make use of利用；

D. keep track of记录。句意：一旦长大了以后，人们就会忘记了如何利用想象力。故选C。【23题详解】

考查固定词组。A. be equippedwith用……装备；B. be compared with和……相比较；C. be covered with被……覆盖；D. be connected with与……相连。这里是指并不总是与伟大的艺术作品和思想联系在一起的，很多微小的事情也经常与创造力有关。故选D。

【24题详解】

考查副词辨析。A. skillfully有技巧的；B. routinely经常的；C. vividly生动地；D. deeply深入地。人们在工作和闲暇时间，都会很经常的想出一起解决问题的办法。故选B。

【25题详解】

考查形容词辨析。A. familiar熟悉的；B. unrelated没有联系的；C. creative创造性的；D. imaginary想象的。这里是指把那些没有联系的事物联系在一起。故选B。

【26题详解】

考查形容词辨析。A. presented呈现；B. marked标志；C. lit点亮；D. associated联系。写下一些与蜡烛有关的词或者想法。故选D。

【27题详解】

考查上下文串联。A. ideas想法，念头，意见；B. ambitions野心，雄心；C. achievement成就，功绩；D. technique技术，技巧，方法。上文6空之前提及了idea。故选A。

【28题详解】

考查名词辨析。A. experience经历，经验；B. service服务；C. present礼物；D. object物体。根据下文you could buy him tickets to match or take him out for the night.可知，这里是指给朋友买一个礼物。故选C。

【29题详解】

考查动词辨析。A. work工作；B. last持续；C. exist存在；D. change改变。根据上文的no limits可知，是指没有限制的，这里指限制是不存在的。故选C。

【30题详解】

考查名词辨析。A. possibilities可能性；B. limitations限制；C. tendency趋势；D. practice做法，惯例。由goal推断，考虑你的目标和新的可能性。故选A。

【31题详解】

考查短语辨析。A. in fact实际上；B. in particular尤其；C. as a whole总的说来；D. for example 例如。下文是举例，故可知这里是举例说明。故选D。

【32题详解】

考查动词辨析。A. devote投入，奉献；B. adapt适应；C. lead导致；D. keep保持。由下文“Maybe you can practice skiing ever day in December, or every Monday in January. ”可推知，此处是说：现在让这个目标成为现实。故选B。

【33题详解】

考查形容词辨析。A. private私人的；B. global全球的；C. different不同的；D. practical实际的。根据本段内容可知，是指换位思考，从另外一个不同的角度考虑问题。故选C。

【34题详解】

考查名词辨析。A. features特征，特色；B. themes主题，主旨；C. creatures生物；D. characters 角色，性格。这里是指科幻小说的作者经常把自己当成是作品中的主角。故选D。

【35题详解】

考查名词辨析。A. positions位置；B. dreams梦想；C. images形象；D. directions方向。根据If your goal involves other people可知，这里是指把自己放在别人的位置上。故选A。Section B

Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

（A）

Though cell-phones are usually considered devices that connect people, they may make users less socially minded, which is found by a recent study from the University of Maryland’s Robert H. Smith School of Business.

Marketing professors Anastasiya Pocheptsova and Rosellina Ferraro, with graduate student, Ajay T.Abraham, conducted a series of experiments on test groups of cellphone users. The findings appear in their working paper, The Effect of Mobile Phone Use on Prosocial Behavior. Prosocial behavior, as defined in their report, is action intended to benefit another person or society as a whole.

The researchers found that after a short period of cellphone use the subjects were less likely to volunteer for a community service activity, compared to the control-group（对照组）. The cell phone users were also less persistent in solving word problems even though they knew their answers would contribute to a monetary（货币的）donation to charity.

The study involved separate groups of college student subjects - both men and women and generally in their early 20s. "We would expect similar effects with people from other age groups," said Ferraro. "Considering the popularity of cellphones, it does have the potential to have wide social effects."

The researchers use previous research to explain the cause of their findings: "The cellphone directly arouses feelings of connection with others, thus fulfilling the basic social need to belong." This results in reducing one’s desire to connect with others face-to-face or to engage in empathic (同情的) and prosocial behavior.

The study also distinguished its subjects from users of other social media — Facebook users — in one of the tests. The researchers found that participants felt more connected to others because of their cell-phones than because of their Facebook accounts, suggesting that this difference in connectedness was the underlying cause of the observed phenomenon.

36. A person will conduct prosocial behavior when he ____.

A. is closely connected to his friends.

B. uses the cellphone for a period of time

C. takes part in community service

D. uses the cell phone a lot

37. What makes Facebook users different from cellphone users?

A. Different accounts.

B. Different purposes.

C. Different human needs.

D. The difference in connection.

38. Compared with cell phone users, Facebook users probably _____.

A. have a lot more friends

B. feel more connected to their friends

C. don’t like to engage in prosocial behavior at all

D. are more likely to engage in prosocial behavior

39. Which could be the best title for the passage?

A. Cell Phone Use Has Broad Social Effects

B. Cell Phone Use Leads to Prosocial behavior

C. Cell Phone Use Is Linked to Selfish Behavior

D. The Harmful Effect of Cell Phone Use

【答案】36. C 37. D 38. D 39. C

【解析】

本文是科普说明文。研究发现，经常使用手机的人往往不愿意从事有利于他人和社会的活动，变的自私。

【36题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句Prosocial behavior, as defined in their report, is action intended to benefit another person or society as a whole.“他们在报告中定义的亲社会行为是旨在造福他人或整个社会的行为。”prosocial behavior是一种有利于社会或这他人的行为。由此可知，当一个人参加社区服务时，他会做出亲社会的行为。故选C。

【37题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章最后一段The researchers found that participants felt more connected to

others because of their cell-phones than because of their Facebook accounts, suggesting that this difference in connectedness was the underlying cause of the observed phenomenon.“研究人员发现，参与者觉得与他人的联系更多是因为他们的手机，而不是因为他们的Facebook账户，这表明这种联系的差异是观察到的现象的根本原因。”可知，这种联系上的差异使得Facebook 用户不同于手机用户。故选D。

【38题详解】

推理判断题。根据第五段中This results in reducing one’s desire to connect with others face-to-face or to engage in empathic (同情的) and prosocial behavior.“这就导致了一个人减少了与他人面对面交流的欲望，或者减少了产生同理心和亲社会行为的欲望。”第六段中The study also distinguished its subjects from users of other social media — Facebook users — in one of the tests.“在其中一项测试中，该研究还将研究对象与其他社交媒体用户(Facebook用户)进行了区分。”由此可知，与手机用户相比，Facebook用户可能更倾向于亲社会行为。故选D。【39题详解】

标题判断题。根据第一段中Though cell-phones are usually considered devices that connect people, they may make users less socially minded“虽然手机通常被认为是连接人们的设备，但它们可能会使用户的社交意识减弱。”可知，经常使用手机的人往往不愿意从事有利于他人和社会的活动，变的自私。所以C项Cell Phone Use Is Linked to Selfish Behavior“使用手机与自私行为有关”。故选C。

（B）

Enter for a chances to win a Montana adventure

Imagine yourself hiking on the same route that Lewis and Clark once explored, fly fishing and whitewater rafting（激浪漂流）in beautiful lakes and rivers, learning how to speak Blackfeet, digging for ancient dinosaur remains, and standing at the edge of a 6,000-year-old glacier（冰川）in Glacier National Park. You have the chance to do all of this and much more with the National Geographic Kids Hands-On Explorer Challenge Expedition Team. The Hands-On Explorer Challenge is heading west in 2016 to Montana.

HIKE!

Montana is home to many species of plants and animals. Follow in the footsteps of legendary explorers and get a close-up view of waterfalls, wildflowers, and wildlife.

DIG!

,

Some of the most important dinosaur discoveries have been found in Montana. You’ll

discover treasures yourself as you dig for ancient dinosaur remains in Montana’s High Plains.

CULTURE!

Montana has eleven Native American tribes (部落)―each one filled with a unique heritage

(遗产) and lots of rich traditions. View the world as they see it through their dances songs, food, games and languages.

HOW TO ENTER

1. Write an original, personal essay in English of no more than 300 words telling us how you explore your world and what it is about exploration that inspires and excites you.

2. Take a photograph of what, where, or how you explored the subject of your essay.

3. Enter by January 7, 2016. Open to kids who will be ages 9—1

4.

4. Send your entry (参赛) form essay, and photo (as described in the Official Rules) to: NG

Kids Hands-On Explorer Challenge National Geographic Kids magazine /CDH 1145 17th Street

NW Washington DC 20036. FOR MORE INFORMA TION GO TO KIDS.

NA https://www.wendangku.net/doc/356464062.html,/KIDS/CONTESTS/EXPLORER- TRIP-2016.

40. What is true about Montana?

A. It has many elephant discoveries.

B. It is Lewis and Clark’s hometown.

C. It is home to many species of plants and animals.

D. Its Native American tribes share the same culture.

41. If you want to enter the contest you must ___.

A. be over 14 years old

B. send a photo with your essay

C. have rich exploration experience

D. write an English article over 300

words

42. What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To announce a kid competition.

B. To describe Montana’s scenery.

C. To provide travel information.

D. To suggest some outdoor activities.

【答案】40. C 41. B 42. A

【解析】

这是一则广告。广告是让孩子报名参加活动，以赢得Montana冒险的机会。

【40题详解】

细节理解题。根据HIKE!中的Montana is home to many species of plants and animals.可知Montana是许多动植物物种的家园。故选C。

【41题详解】

细节理解题。根据HOW TO ENTER中2. Take a photograph of what, where, or how you explored the subject of your essay.“拍一张照片，记录下你是在什么地方或怎样探索你的文章主题的。”可知，如果你想参加比赛，你必须寄一张有你文章的照片。故选B。

【42题详解】

目的意图题。根据HOW TO ENTER中的NG Kids Hands-On Explorer Challenge National Geographic Kids magazine /CDH 1145 17th Street NW Washington DC 20036. FOR MORE INFORMA TION GO TO https://www.wendangku.net/doc/356464062.html,/KIDS/CONTESTS/EXPLORER- TRIP-2016.可知，这篇文章的目的是“宣布一项儿童比赛”。故选A。

（C）

A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his life eats anything derived from animals. The main objection to vegetarianism on a long-term basis is the difficulty of getting enough protein, the body building elements in food. If you have ever been without meat or animal foods for some days or weeds (say, for religious reasons) you will have noticed that you tend to get physically rather weak. You are glad when the fast is over and you get your reward of a succulent meat meal.

Proteins are built up from approximately twenty food elements called “amino-acids”, which are found more abundantly in animal protein than in vegetable protein. This means you have to eat a great deal more vegetable than animal food in order to get enough of these amino-acids. A great deal of the vegetable food goes to waste in this process and from the physiological point of view there is not much to be said in favor of life-long vegetarianism.

The economic side of the question, though, must be considered. Vegetable food is much cheaper than animal food. However, since only a small proportion of tae vegetable protein is useful for body-building purposes, a consistent vegetarian, if he is to gain the necessary 70 grams of protein a day, has to consume a greater bulk of food than his digestive organs can comfortably deal with. In fairness, though, it must be pointed out that vegetarians claim they need far less than

70 grams of protein a day.

Whether or not vegetarianism should be advocated for adults, it is definitely unsatisfactory for growing children, who need more protein than they can get from vegetable sources.

A lacto-vegetarian diet, which includes milk and milk products such as cheese, can, however, be satisfactory as long as enough milk and milk products are consumed.

Meat and cheese are the best sources of usable digestible and next come milk, fish and eggs. Slow and careful cooking of meat makes it more digestible and assists in the breaking down of the protein content by the body. When cooking vegetables, however, the vitamins, and in particular the water-soluble vitamin C, should be lost through overcooking.

43. A vegetarian is a person who _____.

A. eats the meat of animals only

B. eats the vegetable only

C. drinks milk only

D. eat nothing at all

44. Compared with vegetable food, animal food contains ____.

A. more proteins

B. more nutrients

C. more minerals

D. more amino-acids

45. Which“fast”in the following sentences has the most similar meaning to the underlined

word“fast”（in Para.1）?

A. Johnny ran off as fast as his legs could carry him.

B. Gandhi drank some orange juice to break his three-week fast.

C. I always keep my watch 15 minutes fast.

D. The rainforests are being chopped down at an alarmingly fast rate.

46. From the passage, we know that _____.

A. to gain enough protein, one must consume much more vegetable food than animal food

B. cooking vegetables for long time makes it more digestible

C. milk is the best source of usable animal protein

D. the most common deficiencies in Western diets are those of vitamins

47. Which of the following best reflects the author’s attitude?

A. Vegetarianism is not good for one’s health.

B. Vegetarianism should be advocated for adults.

C. A lacto-vegetarian diet is the best as it provides adequate nutrition.

D. One should have a well-balanced diet containing elements of all foods.

【答案】43. B 44. A 45. B 46. A 47. A

【解析】

分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章介绍素食主义者。严格素食者是指一生中从不吃任何动物制品的人。【

吃素对身体不好。

【43题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段第一句A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his life eats anything

derived from animals.“严格素食者是指一生中从不吃任何动物制品的人。”由此可知，素食者

是只吃蔬菜的人。故选B。

【44题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Proteins are built up from approximately twenty food elements

called “amino-acids”, which are found more abundantly in animal protein than in vegetable

protein.“蛋白质是由大约20种被称为“氨基酸”的食物元素构成的，而氨基酸在动物蛋白中含

量比在植物蛋白中丰富得多。”由此可知，与蔬菜食物相比，动物性食物含有更多的蛋白质。

故选A。

【45题详解】

词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句You are glad when the fast is over and you get your reward of

a succulent meat meal. “你很高兴斋戒结束了，你得到了一顿多肉的大餐。”该句中划线词“fast”

的意思是“斋戒”。再根据四个选项的意思：A. Johnny ran off as fast as his legs could carry

him.“约翰尼以最快的速度跑掉了。”B. Gandhi drank some orange juice to break his three-week

fast.“甘地喝了一些橙汁来打破他三周的禁食。”C. I always keep my watch 15 minutes fast.“我

的表总是快15分钟。”D. The rainforests are being chopped down at an alarmingly fast rate.“热

带雨林正以惊人的速度被砍伐。”由此可知，A/C项中的fast的意思是副词“快速地，迅速地”，

D项的fast是形容词“快的，迅速的”，而B项中的fast是名词，意思是“斋戒”，与划线词fast

的意思是相近。故选B。

【46题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段中Proteins are built up from approximately twenty food elements called

“amino-acids”, which are found more abundantly in animal protein than in vegetable protein. This

means you have to eat a great deal more vegetable than animal food in order to get enough of these

amino-acids.“蛋白质是由大约20种被称为“氨基酸”的食物元素构成的，而氨基酸在动物蛋白中含量比在植物蛋白中丰富得多。这意味着为了获得足够的氨基酸，你必须吃比动物多得多的蔬菜。”由此可知，从这篇文章，我们知道，要获得足够的蛋白质，一个人必须吃比动物的食物更多的蔬菜。故选A。

【47题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段中The main objection to vegetarianism on a long-term basis is the difficulty of getting enough protein, the body building elements in food.“长期反对素食主义的主要原因是难以从食物中获得足够的蛋白质，这是一种增强体质的元素。”和最后一段中When cooking vegetables, however, the vitamins, and in particular the water-soluble vitamin C, should be lost through overcooking.“然而，在烹饪蔬菜时，维生素，尤其是水溶性维生素C，应该通过过度烹饪而流失。”可知，作者认为“吃素对身体不好。”故选A。

【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,conclude indicate等标志性词语。本题第4小题，根据第二段中Proteins are built up from approximately twenty food elements called “amino-acids”, which are found more abundantly in animal protein than in vegetable protein. This means you have to eat a great deal more vegetable than animal food in order to get enough of these amino-acids.“蛋白质是由大约20种被称为“氨基酸”的食物元素构成的，而氨基酸在动物蛋白中含量比在植物蛋白中丰富得多。这意味着为了获得足够的氨基酸，你必须吃比动物多得多的蔬菜。”由此可知，从这篇文章，我们知道，要获得足够的蛋白质，一个人必须吃比动物的食物更多的蔬菜。故选A。

Ⅱ. Translation

Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

48. 一些高糖分的食物诸如糖果几乎不含人类所需的营养（contain）

49. 不要在两餐之间吃东西以免影响胃口（appetite）

50. 他实现了双人去纽约免费旅游的梦想（achieve）

51. 你越紧张就越不可能得到问题的正确答案（tense）

52. 为了改善温室效应的问题应该鼓励大家使用新能源而不是传统能源（instead）

【答案】48. Some high-sugar food like sweets hardly contains any nutrition that people need.

49. Don’t eat anything between two meals, or it’ll affect your appetite.

50. He achieved the dream of going on a trip for two to New York for free.

51. The more tense you are, the less likely you are to get the correct answer to the question.

52. In order to solve the problem of Greenhouse Effect, we should encourage people to new energy instead of traditional energy.

【解析】

【48题详解】

考查一般现在时态、主谓一致和定语从句。该句在叙述一个客观事实，所以句子用一般现在时态，且句子主语是food，不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。句中nutrition是先行词，后面是that引导的定语从句。再结合所给汉语可知句子翻译为Some high-sugar food like sweets hardly contains any nutrition that people need.

【49题详解】

考查并列句。固定句型：祈使句，and/or+表示将来的陈述句。再结合所给汉语可知句子翻译为Don’t eat anything between two meals, or it’ll affect your appetite.

【50题详解】

考查宾语从句和动名词作宾语。分析句子结构，He是句子主语，achieved是谓语动词，且介词of后面用动名词作宾语，以及固定短语for free“免费”。再结合所给汉语可知句子翻译为He achieved the dream of going on a trip for two to New York for free.

【51题详解】

考查比较级。句中使用形容词比较级：the+比较级，the+比较级“越……越……”。再结合所给汉语可知句子翻译为The more tense you are, the less likely you are to get the correct answer to the question.

【52题详解】

考查动词不定式作目的状语。句中动词不定式及作目的状语，且使用情态动词should。再结合所给汉语可知句子翻译为In order to solve the problem of Greenhouse Effect, we should encourage people to new energy instead of traditional energy.

Summary Writing

53.Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Most people want to be happy, but few know how to find happiness. Money and success

alone do not bring lasting happiness. Aristotle, a Greek thinker, said, "Happiness depends upon ourselves." In other words, we make our own happiness. Here are a few suggestions to help you be happier.

The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often, we spend too much time thinking about the future-for example, getting into college or getting a good job-that we fail to enjoy the present. You should enjoy life's simple pleasures, such as reading a good book, listening to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends. People who have several close friends often live happier and healthier lives.

Another secret to living a happy life is to be active. Many people go dancing or play sports. People can forget about their problems and only think about the activities.

Finally, many people find happiness in helping others. Studies show that people feel good when they spend their time helping others. If you want to feel happier, do good things for someone. You can help a friend with his or her studies, go shopping to buy food for an elderly person, or simply help out around the house by washing the dishes.

【答案】People can find happiness by adopting three helpful suggestions. First, enjoying simple in life helps to focus on and enjoy the present. Second, being active helps people to forget about worries, Third, helping other makes feel good.

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇概写。

【详解】这是一篇概写。根据第一段最后两句In other words, we make our own happiness. Here are a few suggestions to help you be happier. 人们可以通过采纳三个有用建议来找到幸福。紧接着文章在第二、三、四段中叙述了三条建议。第二段第一句The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. 首先，享受简单的生活有助于关注和享受现在。根据第二段第一句Another secret to living a happy life is to be active. 第二，积极有助于人们忘记烦恼。根据第三段第一句Finally, many people find happiness in helping others. 第三，帮助他人使人感觉良好。

河南省高一下学期英语3月份月考

2020-2021学年高一下期3月考试 英语试题 本试卷分两部分，共8页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。考试结束后，将答题卡提交至“家校本”。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节(共10小题;每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项中, 选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Dear daughters, Most parents tell their children, “You can be anything you want when you grow up.” I feel the same and I say this often. But I also want you to understand that realizing your dreams comes from hard work, some good luck and good timing. Here are some words of wisdom for you as you make your way in the world, from an entrepreneur (企业家) and from your mama. 1. Be open-minded to changing your path along the way In high school, I wanted to be a politician. I left my hometown and went off to college in Washington,DC. There, I discovered that I loved to support women. It taught me that I’m creative, a strong leader and great at marketing. As a result, I moved on to be the head of a national health-care nonprofit. Becoming a mother while in that job opened my mind to launching a breast pump bag (储奶袋) business. Now I run a highly successful company that I started up on my own. I'm not a politician! 2. Failure is critical to your success Failure can be heartbreaking. But I will tell you that every failure I’ve had along the way has absolutely made me better. Failing the big math exam in high school and going to summer school was embarrassing. I eventually passed, and I’ve never failed an exam again. I learned from that experience to ask for help. Now, I ask for help in business all the time. I’m proud to be a role model to you as a mom and an entrepreneur. I hope I inspire you to believe that you can be anything you want. It will be my pleasure to watch your lives unfold before my eyes. Love, Your mom 21. In the writer’s opinion, what does it take to realize one’s dream? A. Failure, hard work and good timing. B. An open mind, failure and hard work. C. Hard work, good luck and good timing. D. A good dream, an open mind and hard work. 22. What did the writer learn from her failure? A. Failure can make us embarrassed.

吉林省延边第二中学2019-2020学年高一英语12月月考试题及答案

吉林省延边第二中学2019-2020学年高一12月月考 英语试题 注意事项：答案必须写在答题卡上，答在试卷上无效。本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，本试卷满分120分。考试时间90分钟。 第Ⅰ卷（选择题共80分） 第一部分阅读理解（共20小题；满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A A Canadian woman who lost her diamond ring 13 years ago while cleaning her garden on the family farm is wearing it proudly again after her daughter-in-law pulled a carrot from the ground . Mary Grams, 84, said she can’t believe the lucky carrot actually grew through and around the diamond ring she had long given up hope of finding. She said she never told her husband, Norman, that she lost the ring, but only told her son. Her husband died five years ago. “I feel glad and happy, ”Grams said this week . “It grew into the carrot. I feel it amazing”, Her daughter-in-law, Calleen Daley, found the ring while getting carrots in for supper with her dog Billy at the farm near Armena, Alberta, where Grams used to live. The farm has been in the family for 105 years. Daley said while she was pulling the carrots she noticed one of them looked strange. She almost fed it to her dog but decided to keep it. When she was washing the carrots, she noticed the ring and spoke to her husband, Grams’son, about what she had found. They quickly called Grams. “I told her we foun d her ring in the garden. She couldn’t believe it, ”Daley said. “It was so strange that the carrot grew perfectly through that ring. ” Grams said she wanted to try the ring on again after so many years. With her family looking on, she washed the ring with a little soap to get the dirt off. It moved on her finger as easily as it did when her husband gave it to her. “We were laughing,”she said. “It fits. After so many years it still fits perfectly.” 1. How old was Grams when she lost her diamond ring? A. 13 B. 71. C. 84. D. 105.

高一上学期数学12月月考试卷

高一上学期数学12月月考试卷 姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________ 一、单选题 (共12题；共24分) 1. （2分） (2019高一上·兴义期中) 已知全集，则）等于（） A . {2，4，6} B . {1，3，5} C . {2，4，5} D . {2，5} 2. （2分）若sin（π+θ）= ，sin（）= ，则θ角的终边在（） A . 第一象限 B . 第二象限 C . 第三象限 D . 第四象限 3. （2分）(2019高二下·永清月考) 在同一直角坐标系中，函数， 的图象可能是（） A .

B . C . D . 4. （2分）把化为的形式是（） A . B . C . D . 5. （2分）

已知θ∈，在单位圆中角θ的正弦线、余弦线、正切线分别是a、b、c ，则它们的大小关系是（） A . a>b>c B . c>a>b C . c>b>a D . b>c>a 6. （2分）已知（x∈N），那么f（3）等于（） A . 2 B . 3 C . 4 D . 5 7. （2分）若函数f(x)=25-|x+1|-4.5-|x+1|有实数零点，则实数m的取值范围是（） A . B . C . [-4,0) D . [-3,0) 8. （2分）（cos15°﹣cos75°）（sin75°+sin15°）=（） A . B . C . D . 1

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2021-2022年高一英语11月月考试题(III)

2021-2022年高一英语11月月考试题(III) 1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。试卷满分为150分，考试时间120分钟。 2.请将答案填写到答题卡上。 Ⅰ卷 (选择题共100分) 第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在答题卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有l0秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a restaurant. B. In a hotel. C. In a store. 2. What did the woman think they would do? A. See an exhibition. B. Have a meeting. C. Attend a lecture. 3. What will the man probably do next? A. Go back to his work. B. Eat out for lunch. C. Pick up Jenny. 4. What’s the relationship between the two speakers? A. Hotel manager and tourist. B. Professor and student. C. Salesman and customer.

5. How much will the woman pay for one chair? A. $59. B. $62. C. $65. 第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在答题卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时问。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。 6.What part-time job does the woman do? A. A teacher. B. A guide. C. A cleaner. 7. Why does the woman like the job? A. She can get a high pay. B. She can have more spare time. C. She can get some good work experience. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. When will the man leave China? A. In one month. B. In two weeks. C. Next year. 9.Why can’t the man decide when to e to China again? A. His mother hasn’t recovered yet. B. He hasn’t found a job in China.

河北省石家庄实验中学2019-2020学年高一3月月考英语试题 Word版缺答案

石家庄实验中学高一英语月考试卷 命题人：高一英语组 阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共25分） A I had a great time this past summer visiting Stone Mountain Park with my twin grandsons. I had the opportunity to spend the day with them seeing the various sights and attractions. One thing that my grandsons had really wanted to do that particular day was to climb to the top of the mountain. Stone Mountain isn't a particularly tall mountain and fortunately has walking trails to the top, but for two 5-year-olds, along with Grandpa, it's a formidable task. Since my grandsons' enthusiasm was much greater than mine, I decided to start the slow walk up the mountain. The beginning part of the trail was slow and gradual. It seemed like we were taking forever to climb just a short distance, but I had to remind myself that it took 3 of their steps to equal1 of mine, so I found myself walking ahead of them, then having to stop and let them catch up, over and over again. I was tired and sweaty, just wanting to get to the top of the mountain so I could rest well before starting my way back. I learned early during our walk that this wasn't going to be the case. We had to stop and look at every large rock with someone’s name carved in it. We looked at unusual plant formations. We examined large trees and we explored small rock overhangs that reminded the kids of caves. My grandsons viewed the walk as an exciting adventure. Climbing the mountain was a trial to me but my grandsons were not focused at all on the trial of climbing the mountain; they were simply enjoying the journey of the walk. I know when I face a trial in life, I tend to always think of the problem. I want the trial to be over quickly and let life get back to normal. What can I learn during the course of trial? At some point, the trial will be over and we'll be joyous for sure. However, the real joy should not be that the trial’s over, but I am celebrating what I learned during the journey. 1. What does the underlined word "formidable" in Paragraph 1mean? A. Relaxing. B. Meaningful. C. Strange. D. Difficult. 2. What can we know from Paragraph 2? A. The writer kept challenging his grandsons to catch up with him.