虚拟语气和倒装句讲解

一、主句和从句

主句是句子的主干，是句子表达的主要意思，从句的意义从属于主句。

如：麻雀虽小，五脏俱全。这句话要说明的主要意思是麻雀五脏俱全，后一句是句子的主句，前面是从句。

二：关于虚拟语气

第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气

一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。

一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：

从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例：

1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)

2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)

3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能)

4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)

5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)

现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)

6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)

二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：

用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。例：

1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.

我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)

2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.

他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)

3. We wished he had spoken to us.

(wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)

4. I wish you had called earlier.

(wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了)

5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.

(will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此)

例题分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept

动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式（表示现在发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的动作）。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had

to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案

三）、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)：

从句动词"would/should/could/might + 动词原形"(时间上较后)(请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例：

1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)

我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)

2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)

我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)

3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)

你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)

4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change)

我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)

5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)

(只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一起)

四）、注意：

1.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。例如：

I wished（that）I hadn't spent so much money.

我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。

2. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求

I wish(that) he would answer my letter.

I wish prices would come down.

I wish you would help me.

I wish you would stop asking silly questions.

二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气，且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气，但事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形，常用的此类动词有：

表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg

表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote

表示“决定、命令”的：decide, order

表示“主张”的：maintain, urge

表示“同意、坚持”的：consent, insist

例如：

1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.

2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.

3.When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ”(当我建议他用刮胡膏时，他说“剃刀和水就行了”。)

4.He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据，直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。)

5.One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English speaking country. (我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。)

在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中虚拟语气很普遍，其结构如：

order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist +... (should) do

6.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

7.He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.

但注意：在insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气.

8.she insists that she is right.

9.she insisted that I should finish the work at once.

或者说，suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

10.The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.

三、在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，我们经常用“should＋动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。

I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.

我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。

四、would rather ，would sooner，had rather，would (just) as soon ，would prefer之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

would rather , would sooner, had rather, would (just) as soon，would prefer（希望）也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示”宁愿做什么”或"对过去做的事的懊悔"。

(1).I would rather he came tomorrow than today.

(2).John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.

(3).Don' t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as soon) you die.

(4).I would rather you go tomorrow.

(5).I would rather everything hadn' t happened in the past.

(6).The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office．经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。

(7).To be frank，I'd rather you were not involved in the case．坦率地说，我希望你不要卷入这件事。

(8).You don't have to be in such a hurry．I would rather you went on business first．你没有必要这么着急，我宁愿你先去上班。

(9).I'd rather you didn't make any comment on the issue for the time being．我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。

(10).Frankly speaking ，I'd rather you didn't do anything about it for the time being．坦白地说，我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不要做。

(11).Wouldn't you rather your child went to bed early？为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢？

(12).I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday．我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。

注：①若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原形

I would rather stay at home today．

②would rather．．．than．．．中用动词原形

I would rather stay at home than go out today．

五、“had hoped”后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。

I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.我原本希望她到美国去念书，但她说她喜欢留在中国。

主语从句中的虚拟语气

一、“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that……”结构中的虚拟语气

在形如“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that……”结构中，使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should ＋动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形（美国英语中省去should）

常用的形容词：* natural (自然的), appropriate (适当的),advisable (合适的), preferable (更可取的), better (更好的)* necessary (必须的), important (重要的), imperative (急需的), urgent (急迫的), essential (本质的), vital (必不可少的)* probable (很可能的), possible (可能的)* desirable (极好的)advisable（合理的），compulsory（必须的），crucial（紧急的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），incredible（惊人的），necessary（必要的），possible（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（紧迫的）。

常用的过去分词(Past Participle):* required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求的), desired (要求)* suggested (建议), recommended (推荐)* orderd (命令)

1. It is necessary that we (should 可省略,下同）have a walk now.(necessary, should + have) (表示有需要去散步)

2.It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.(necessary, should + make) (表示有必要事先做好准备)

3. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.(required, should + smoke) (表示要求不要在此抽烟)

4. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand therule of

school.(important, should + be) (表示重要的是学生都能了解校规)

5. It's important that we (should) take good care of the patient.(important, should + take) (表示重要的是照顾好病人)

6. It is natural that she should do so. (形容词natural, should+动词原形do)

7.It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible．这些申请表应尽早地寄回，这是很重要的。

8.It is vital that enough money be collected to fund the project．重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。

9.It is desired that we（should）get everything ready this evening．希望我们今晚一切都准备就绪。

注：在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。

10.I don't think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience．汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的。

二、在It is ＋名词＋that…的主语从句中的虚拟语气

在It is ＋名词＋that的主语从句中，常用虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等。这类名词

有：advice ，decision ，desire ，demand ，idea，motion ，order，pity ，preference ，proposal，recommendation ，

requirement，resolution，shame，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。

⑴、It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad．我建议派他去国外进一步学习。

虚拟语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中

当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为should ＋动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有：demand (要求), desire (请求),requirment (要求)

advice (劝告), recommendation (建议),suggestion (建议)

order (命令)

necessity (必要地), preference (优先)

proposal (计划), plan (计划), idea (办法)，

recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。

We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off．我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。

The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by

everyone．由市长颁发奖金的建议被每个人接受。

⑴、The advice is that we (should 可省略，下同) leave at once.

(名词advice，should + leave) (表示加以劝告)

⑵、My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the

conference.

(idea, should + get) (表示做出主意)

⑶、I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

(proposal, should + hold) (表示做出计划)

⑷、The judge assented to the suggestion that .

〔A〕both of the criminals will soon be set freedom

〔B〕some of the criminals there are of guilt only

〔C〕the girl was to be paroled in the custody of a welfare society

〔D〕the prisoner be sentenced to death

倒装句：

一、语法知识

按“主语+谓语”这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序.如果排列顺序变为”谓语(或谓语的一部分)+主语”就是倒装句.

(1) 倒装句的类型

1. 完全倒装: 整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装.

Then came Mary and George.

Have you any books on that subject?

2. 部分倒装:只把助动词,系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装.

Has he gone to school?

Is he your classmate?

Can you finish the work in three days?

(2) 倒装句的用法

1. 由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装句

1) 用在疑问句中

Do you have a physiology class on Tuesday afternoon?

Why are you so angry with him?

注: 以疑问词或有疑问词修饰的名词作主语的疑问句不倒装.

Who was your geography teacher in Grade One?

2) 用在“There be “结构中

There are different forms of energy.

There stands a high building by the river.

3) 用在以here , there , now , then 等副词开头的句子中, here and there强调地点,用来引起人们的注意,. 除then 开头的句子用过去时以外,其余均用一般现在时.

但是如果主语是代词就不倒装.

Here is a letter for you. There comes the bus. Now comes my turn.

Here you are. There he comes!

4) 用在省略了if 的虚拟条件句中(把 were, had 或should移至主语前)

Were I ( If I were) in your place, I wouldn’t give it up so early.

Had I ( If I had ) know, I might have joined you in the discussion.

Should you (If you should) be interested, I have a book on the subject you might like to see.

5) 用在一些表示祝愿的句子中

Long live the friendship among the Asian peoples and sportsmen!

Long live the king!

6) 直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时,引述动词和他的主语有时倒装

“ You have made great progress this term.” Said our teacher.

“ Mr Crossett,” said my father. “ will you permit an old pupil to shake hands with you?”

引述动词的主语是代词,或谓语较厂,或引述动词后还带间接宾语时, 一般不用倒装句

“ What is your opinion?” I said.

“My father is a labour hero.” Xiao Wang told me.

“ Why did you join the Red Army? “ Chairman Mao asked me like a school teacher questioning a pupil.

7) 用在以so开头,表示谓语所述情况也适用于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句,表示”也一样” . 也这样”. 其句形为”So + be, have ,情态动词或助动词+ 主语”

He saw it , and so did I.

They can swim now, so can we.

注: 如果后面的句子只是重复前一句话的意思而不表示另一个主体,不用倒装句

It was hot yesterday. So it was.

8) 用在以neither, nor, no more 开头的句子中,表示” ---也不这样”其句形为”neither, nor no more + be , have ,情态动词或助动词+ 主语”

The first one wasn’t good and neither was the second.

He doesn’t care much for sweets. No more do I .

2. 为了加强语气而使用的倒装

1) 用在以never, hardly, scarcely, not only, nor , seldom, little, rarely, nowhere, by no means, not until, hardly (scarcely)--- when, no sooner---than等表示否定意义或半否定意义的副词或其组开头中的句子中.

Never before have I met him.

Hardly did I think it possible.

Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but we should try our best to overcome them.

Not until midnight did it stop raining.

By no means will this method be satisfactory.

No sooner had they got to the plant than they started to work.

2) 用在做频度状语often, always, once, many a time, now and again, every other day, every two hours 等, 方式状语thus 及程度状语so等; 地点状语in the distance, in front of 等的几种副词或介词短语开头的句子中,常用倒装.

Often had I intended to speak of it.

Many a time has he helped me with my experiment.

So busy is he that he had no time to spare.

如果不是特别强调可以不倒装

3) 为了使句子更为生动,流畅,可把in, out , down, up, back, over, away, off之类的用做状语的副词放在句首, 采用完全倒装.句中的谓语动词多为行为动词,不及物.

In came the teacher and the lesson began.

Off went the horses.

Down came the hammer and out flew the sparks.

主语是人称代词时,一般只将副词放在句首,主语和谓语位置不变.

In he came and the lesson began.

4) 在副词only和它所修饰的状语一起放在句首时,用倒装语序.句形为“Only +状语+部分倒装”

Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.

Only in this way can we learn maths well.

不放在句首不倒装, 不是状语是主语不倒装.

Only the teachers are allowed to use this room.

The aim was achieved only after a bitter struggle.

5) 用在强调表语的句子中

表语提前,不是为了强调,而是使句子平衡,避免头重脚轻.

Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.

Great has been our achievements since liberation.

如果主语是代词,而代词又无较长的修饰语修饰时,则仅把表语提前,系动词不提到主语前.

Terribly hot it certainly was.

A very reliable person he is .

6) 用在某些让步状语从句中

在正式的文体中,从属连词as 用于特殊词序可以表示although这种结构表示强烈的对照.

Tired as he was, he went on working.

Cold as it was, we went out.

Child as she is , she knows a great deal

1. I am going to the meeting, and___.

A. so does Dave

B. so is Dave

C. so goes Dave

D. Dave is so

2. ____ got on the train when it started to move.

A. Scarcely I had

B. Scarcely had I

C. No sooner I had

D. No sooner had I

3. He has finished his work. ____.

A. I have finished so

B. So finished I

C. So can I

D. So have I

4. Not only ____ about the food, he also refused to pay for it.

A. the customer complained

B. when the customer complained

C. did the customer complain

D. the customer did complain

5. All animals need air. ___.

A. So plants do

B. So need plants

C. So do plants

D. Plants are so

6. If Bob's wife doesn't agree to sign the papers, ___.

A. neither he will

B. neither won't he

C. neither will he

D. he won't neither

7. Barry never eats potatoes and___.

A. so doesn't Molly

B. so Molly doesn’t

C. neither does Molly

D. neither Molly does

8. Anne didn't like our new roommate, and___.

A. I don't too

B. neither did I

C. neither I did

D. I didn't also

9. Only if he helps us ____.

A. we may succeed

B. we succeeded

C. can we succeed

D. we can succeed

10. He can hardly drive a car, ___.

A. so can't I

B. can't either

C. I can't too

D. neither can I

11. Mrs. Jones does not like shopping, ___.

A. and she does like gardening

B. nor she does like gardening

C. or does she like gardening

D. nor does she like gardening

12. ____ from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.

A. Jumped down the burglar

B. Down the burglar jumped

C. The burglar jumped down

D. Down jumped the burglar

13. ___than they started to work.

A. No sooner they had got to the plant

B. No sooner had they got to the plant

C. As soon as they had got to the plant

D. When they had got to the plant

14. No sooner had the bell rung___.

A. when the class began

B. while the class was beginning

C. then the class was going to being

D. than the class began

15. We were lucky, for no sooner ___ home ___ it rained.

A. we turned...and

B. did we return...when

C. after we returned...and

D. had we returned...than

16. ____ that even people in the next room could hear him.

A. So loudly did he speak

B. Such loudly did he speak

C. So loudly he spoke

D. Such loudly he spoke

17. Hardly ___ the people ran toward it.

A. had the plane landed when

B. had the plane landed than

C. the plane had landed when

D. the plane was landing than

18. Not until Mr. Smith came to China ___ what kind of a country she is.

A. did he know

B. he knew

C. he didn't know

D. he could know

19. Tom couldn't go to school, ___find a job.

A. either he could

B. either could he

C. neither he could

D. neither could he

20. ____, I would give it up early.

A. Was I in your place

B. I was in your place

C. Were I in your place

D. I were in your place

三、练习与检测答案

1-5 BBDCC 6-10 CCBCD 11-15 DDBDD

16-20 AAADC

虚拟语气 倒装句练习

虚拟语气练习题2（填空） 1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _______________(enjoy) the book from which it was made. 2.You are late. If you _______________(come) a few minutes earlier, you ______________(meet) him. 3.The two students talked as if they _____________(be) friends for years. 4.It is important that I _____________(be) with Mr. Williams immediately. 5.He looked as if he ______________(be) ill for a long time. 6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not ____________________there for two hours. 7.I wish that I ____________(go) with you last night. 9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _______________(know) everything. 10.______________ the fog, we should have reached our school. 11.If you had told me in advance, I ______________(meet) him at the airport. 12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____________(teach) me how. 13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I _____________(be) so busy then. 14.He’s working hard for fear that he ________________(fall) behind. 15.If it ______________ (rain) another ten minutes, the game would have been called off. 16.He suggested that they _______________ use a trick instead of fighting. 17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _______________(go) there. 18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _______________(have) time. 20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you __________________(go) to sleep. 21.—Why didn’t you buy a new car?—I would have bought one if I ____________(have) enough money. 23._________ he leave today, he would get there by Friday. 24.His doctor suggested that he _______________(take) a short trip abroad. 25.The Bakers arriv ed last night. If they’d only let us know earlier,we _______________(meet) him at the station. 26.If I ________ (be) you, I ___________________ (pay) more attention to English idioms and phrases. 27.We might have failed if you ________________ (give) us a helping hand. 28.The law requires that everyone ______________(have) his car checked at least once a year. 29.It is strange that he ______________(speak) so. 31.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he ______________(know) all about that. 32.If I _____________(possess) the money, I would have bought a much bigger car. 33.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _________________(come) to the meeting. 34.The librarian insists that John _____________(take) no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed. 35.I left very early last night, but I wish I ______________(leave) so early. 36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _____________(have) no time. 37.I wish that you ________________(have) such a b ad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert. 38.He insisted that we all __________(be) in his office at one o’clock. 39.Helen couldn’t go to France after all. That’s too bad. I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if she ___________(go). 40.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _______________(go) an hour before the discussion begins. 倒装句练习 1.Not until I began to work ________ I ___________(realize) how much time I had wasted. 2.Only by practising a few hours every day _______ you be able to master the language. 3.If you don't go，neither ____. 4.No sooner ______ I ______ (go) to the station ________ the train left. 5. —— Your father is very strict with you. So ________. He never lets off a single mistake of ours. 6. ______ he __________(leave) today，he would get there by Sunday.

2020年高考英语新题型写作技巧八 强调倒装虚拟语气句型和丰富细节的手段

2020年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧 专题（八）强调倒装虚拟句型+丰富文章细节的手段 特殊句型是英语书面表达中的高级句式，其中强调句和倒装句是较为常见的特殊句型。而虚拟语气也是高中较难掌握的句型之一。它们的准确使用能够彰显考生的英语水平，提高写作档次。 一．重点突出的强调句型 （一）强调句的基本句式结构为：It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who + 句子其他成分。它可以强调除谓语动词外的其它任何成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。在续写和概写中灵活运用强调句不仅能突出重点、增强表达，更能彰显考生的英语运用能力。 It is just the so-called inconvenience that displays the richness, delicacy and great fascination of Chinese culture with a history of thousands of years. (2019年浙江高考书面表达) 在写作中运用强调句型可以采取以下步骤： 1.在一个写好的句子中找出需要强调的成分，如主语、宾语、状语等； 2.根据句子的时态确定is或was； 3.然后把要强调的成分套进句式里，It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who + 句子其他成分。 例：We created a harmonious atmosphere with sincerity and faithfulness. 如果我们要强调状语，即with sincerity and faithfulness，在确定好时态was后，把需要强调的部分放在it was后，that后放除强调外的剩余成分便得到： It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere. （二）强调句常用句式 1. It is/was + 被强调的部分+ that/who + 句子其它成分 It is on the playground this Friday afternoon that a volleyball game will be held. (2019全国一卷书面 表达) It was because of their help that a disaster was avoided. (2017年浙江高考书面表达) 2. Is/was it + 被强调的部分+ that/who + 句子其它成分 Was it in the park that the children saw the strange green objects? 3.特殊疑问词+ is/was it + 被强调的部分+ 句子其它成分 When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher? 4.It is/was not until that + 句子其它成分

虚拟语气和倒装

Subjunctive mood (1) Nevertheless, should a fight follow, neither creature will be badly hurt, for the loser will save himself by making a gesture of submission. (Line 5) (2) If it had not had this disability it would have undoubtedly stayed in the jungle and hunted for food in the customary way. (Line12) If the human population had not increased so rapidly, people would have had more space and freedom. (Line 23) (3) If the caged lion, for example, were free to wander on the grassy plains of Africa, it would be continually active, ranging over long distances, hunting in family groups. (Line 15) 此三类句子体现了虚拟语气的三种时态变化。 （1）第1句中“should a fight follow”是表示将来情况的虚拟语气，意思为“if a fight should follow”，句中省略了“if”，将“should”提前，构成倒装，表示“万一，一旦”的意思。值得注意的是本句中的主句部分未使用虚拟语气。 (2) 第二部分这两句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。这类句子，从句用“had +动词过去分词”，主句用“would/should/could/might + have + 动词过去分词”。 (3) 第3句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。从句用“did/were”，主句用“would/should/could/ might + 动词原型”。 虚拟语气专项复习： A．虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： if+主语+过去时+其他+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例：If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。 If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。 If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：学习不用功）2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 if+主语+had done +其他+主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他 例：If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 ①if+主语+did/should/were to do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 ② if+主语+did/be(were)+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 ③if+主语+should+do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例：If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作不是同时发生时， ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了

倒装句,定语从句,虚拟语气练习题解析

倒装句练习 1. So fast_______ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. A. light travel B. does light travel C. travels light D. has light travelled 2.That scientist isn’t too happy with the project, and______________. A. so are her supervisors B. either are her supervisors C. neither are her supervisors D. so her supervisors are 3.______ the door than somebody started knocking on it. A. I had closed no sooner B. I had no sooner closed C. No sooner have I closed D. No sooner I closed 4.Is this beautiful? Yes, it is. ________. A. Rarely before have I seen this B. Rarely I have seen this before

C. Rarely have I seen before this D. Rarely have I seen this before 5._____but he also proved himself a good athlete. A. He showed himself not only a good student B. Not only did he show himself a good student C. He showed not only himself a good student D. Not only he showed himself a good student 6.Nowhere else along the coast____ such shallow water so far from land. A. is there B. there is C. it is D. is 7._____did we try to persuade her to give up her plan. A. In failure B. With no result C. In vain D. With no end 8.______I couldn’t lift the box. A. As I might try

真实条件句,虚拟语气.

当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。首先看以下例句：（1） You like calssical music, don't you? 你也喜欢古典音乐，对吗？(2 He lived in Vienna, too,didn't he? 他也住在维也纳，对吗？（3）Your parents can swim, can't they? 你父母会游泳，是吗？（4） Tony doesn't like classical music,does he? 托尼不喜欢古典音乐，对吗？（5） This music isn't very popular, is it? 这音乐并非十分流行，对吗？从以上句子可以看出，反意疑问句是由“助动词/ 系动词be（肯定或否定）+主语（代词）” 构成的。在反意疑问句的构成中要注意以下几点： 1.前面当陈述句如果是肯定的，反意疑问句就要用否定形式，如（1）、（2）、（3）；前面的陈述句如果是否定的，反意疑问句就要用肯定形式，如（4）、（5）； 2.反意疑问句的主语必须是代替前面主语的代词； 3.翻译疑问句的谓语动词在时态和人称上要与前面陈述句谓语动词保持一致。陈述句部分如果有标识否定意义的词，反意疑问句要用肯定式。如：They have never visited his home, have they? 他们从来没有到他家玩过，是吧？在回答反意疑问句时，要特别注意英、汉两种语言习惯的差别。试看下面当例句：——Mr Smith isn't American, is he? 史密斯先生不是美国人，对吧？——Oh yes, he is.不对，他是美国人。可以看出，在英语中，无论问题是怎样问的，只要答语的事实是肯定句，就要用YES；只要答语的事实是否定的，就要用NO. 编辑本段英语18种特殊的反意疑问句介绍 1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句，用will you 多表示“请求”，用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如：Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板，好吗？Let引导的祈使句有两种情况：1Let's...,后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。例如：Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧，好吗？还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。2Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。例如： Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试，行吗？ 2.感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时，其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。例如：What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊，是吧？ 3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to，且这些词被用作实义动词时，其反意疑问句需用do的适当形

英语虚拟语气类型用法

二、虚拟语气的判断： 1. if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句，反之为非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种： (1) 与过去事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如： If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨，我们就能玩网球了。 (2) 与现在事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如： If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你，我就娶她为妻。 (3) 与将来事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如： If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会，你会难过的。 2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 (1) wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气：根据从句的意义来判断。 A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如： I wish they were not so late. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。 B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如： I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。 (2) 表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest 等。从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，其中should 可以省去。例如： I insisted that he (should) go with us. 我坚持让他和我们一起去。 注意：当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。例如：

虚拟语气和倒装句笔记

语法 一、虚拟语气 Ⅰ.suggest；require； order； recommand； insist sb.suggest that …（should）do His suggestion is that… What do you think of his suggestion that 注：suggest,insist表明、暗示 He insisted that he hadn’t made a mistake. Ⅱ.wish 1)对现在的虚拟，用一般现在时 How I wish I were you ! 2)对过去虚拟，用过去完成时 How I wish I had followed your advice. 3)对将来虚拟 could+v.原形 How I wish /If only I could fly in the sky Ⅲ.It is (high)time that…should (should 不可省) It is necessary that… I would rather that… Ⅳ.隐含虚拟 But ;but for ;without ;otherwise without后一般+n. Eg:I could have come to school on time,(but I got up late).=I got up late otherwise. Ⅴ.虚拟条件句 If it didn’t rain tomorrow If it shouldn’t(只能用should) rain tomorrow. If it weren’t to rain tomorrow Were it not to rain tomorrow…/Should it not to… Were I you,… 从句都往过去推一个时态 Ⅵ.时间错纵 If she hadn’t stayed up all night studying,She would feel energetic now .

虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法总结

虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法 先看一道高考题： ____ more attention，the trees could have grown better． A．Given B．To give C．Giving D．Having given （答案是A） 句中"．．．the trees could have grown better"是一个表达虚拟语气的句子。题中要求选择的是如何表达假设条件的形式。如果我们把这个句子用另一种形式"If they had been given more attentio n ，the trees could have grown better．"来表示，就不难理解了。很多情况下，在表示假设的虚拟语气中，有时假设的条件并不以条件从句的形式表达，而是通过上下文或句中内在的逻辑关系，或用其它形式表达出来，我们称之为"含蓄条件句"。 含蓄条件句主要通过名词、连接词、不定式、分词、动名词短语、介词短语及分句来暗示。这些表达形式在句中实际起着虚拟条件从句的作用。现分述如下： 一、介词短语 常用来表示虚拟条件的介词有with，without，in，under，but for等等，它们表示的虚拟条件都可以被if从句替换。 （1）without，with without表示否定的条件，意为if．．．not；with与without意义相反，表示肯定的条件。如：Without air，there would be no living things．（without air ＝if there were no air）没有空气，便没有生物。 With her help（＝If I had her help），I would do the experiment well．假如有她帮助，我就可以把这个实验做好。 （2）under Under the leadership of a less experienced person，the experiment would have failed．（u nder．．．＝If there had been the leadership of a less experienced person）假设在一个缺少经验的人领导下进行实验，实验准会失败。 （3）in I would have lost my head in that position．（in that position ＝if I had been in that po sition）我处在那种情况下，是会丧失理智的。 （4）but for

虚拟语气翻译练习

虚拟语气翻译练习 1．假如你得了一万美金，必须在一天内花掉，你会怎么做呢？ 2．如果我是她，我宁愿死了也不嫁给他。 3．假如没有电，生活会是什么样子呢？ 4．昨晚如果她来了，问题就解决了。 5．即使你告诉了我她是谁，我也认不出她来。 6．假如当初他接受运动员的训练，早就闻名世界了。 7．如果明天不考试，我就和你一起去看电影。 8．如果湛江下雪，那可是新闻头条啊。 9．如果你没有背叛过我，也许我们现在还是很好的朋友。 10．如果你将来嫁有钱人，那我都成百万富翁了。 11．要不是英语考试，上周六我就去听音乐会了。 12．难道你不该开始认真对待生活了吗？ 13．你很自私，你的该意识到自己并不是世界上最重要的人。 答案： 1.If you had ten thousand dallors,what would you do if you had to spend it in a day? 2.If I were you, I would die rather than marrying him. 3.If we had no electricity, what life would be? 4.If he had come yesterday, the problems might have been solved. 5.I should not have recognized her even if you had told me her name. 6.If he had been trained as an athlete, he would have been word famous long ago. 7.If we shouldn’t take the exam tomorrow, I would go with you to the movie. 8.If it were to snow in Zhanjing, it would be the headline of the newspaper. 9.If you hadn’t turned your back on me( betrayed me), we were still friends maybe. 10.If you should marry a rich man in future, I would be a millionior. 11.But for the Enlish examination, I would have gone to the concert last Saturday. 12.Isn’t it about time you started taking life seriously? 13.You’re selfish. It’s high time you realized that you are not the most important person in the world.

高中英语提高之虚拟语气用法

虚拟语气用法 虚拟语气用法
概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想， 而不表示客观存在的事实， 所说的是一个条件， 不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分 为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
应用条件
在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或 某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的 主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。
在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表 示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 例： If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他 将错过巴士。( 真实) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果 他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。 （真实） If I were you, I would go at once. 如果我是你， 我马上就会去。（非真实， 虚拟语气） If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。 （非真实，虚拟语气）
用法及动词形式
从句
If+主语 +did If+ 主语+did 主语 were） （ be 动词 were ）
主句
与现在事实相反
主语+should/would/ 主语 +should/would/ could/might+do

虚拟语气与倒装句

语法系列复习专题十-----虚拟语气、倒装句型 虚拟语气 虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。 一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法 常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如： Long live the People s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！ be happy! 快乐！ have a good time! 玩得愉快！ May you 祝你 succeed! 成功！ make progress! 进步！ 二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法： 1．在非真实性条件句和主句中的用法 条件从句主句 一般过去时（be多用于were）would/should/could/might＋动词原形 如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。 If I had time,I would go there. 如果我有空，我就去那儿。 条件从句主句 过去完成时would/should/could/might＋have done 如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。 If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book. 如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。 条件从句主句 一般过去时（be多用were） would/should/could/might＋动词原形 should do,were to do put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。） If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break. 万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。 4）i f的省略 如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should 置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。 例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book. 5)条件句或主句的省略 当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。 例如：——Why didn t you attend the party yesterday? ——I would/should have,but I was too busy then. I was surprised that you didn t like this job.You could have done it better.（后面省略了if you had liked it.） 6)混合时间条件句和主句 条件句和主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。 例如：If the teacher hadn t been ill yesterday,who could give us a lecture now?/If you had

高中英语虚拟语气的用法

高中英语虚拟语气的用法 一、考查虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 时间从句谓语形式（be用were不可改变）主句谓语形式 将来一般过去时(be用were) would/should/might/could+动词原形 现在一般过去时(be用were) would/should/might/could+动词原形 过去现在完成时would/should/might/could+had done （1）If he my advice, he wouldn' t have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow （2）If we the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. taken B. had taken C. took D. have taken （3） -John went to the hospital alone. -If he me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 二、考查特殊句型中的虚拟语气 英语中需要使用虚拟语气的特殊句型不多，主理有以下类: 1.“倒装”类虚拟语气 当虚拟条件句中含有were, should, had时,有时可将引导虚拟条件句的连词if省略,而将从句中的were,should, had提到句首,构成倒装形式的虚拟语气。如: If he were here, she would agree too.→Were she here, she would agree too.如果她在这里,她也同意的。. If it should rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match. →Should it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match.假若明天下雨,我们只好推迟这场比赛。 If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.→Had we found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话,我们就可以救活他。 注意,如果条件从句的谓语为否定式,其中的否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should, had等缩略成Weren' t, Shouldn' t, Hadn'场置于句首。如:我如不是警告了你,你就可能丧命了。 正: If I hadn' t warned you, you could have been killed. 正: Had I not warned you, you could have been killed. 误: Hadn' t I warned you, you could have been killed. 另外,有时省略if后提前到句首的had可能不是助动词,而是实义动词。 如: Had I time, I would go with you.假如我有时间,我就同你们一起去。句中的had不是构成过去完成时的助动词,而是表示“有”,如果不省略if ,完整形式为:If I had time, I would go with you. (1) Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy____. (2010浙江卷) A.would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved （2） fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006湖北） A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 2.“宁愿”类虚拟语气 这里说的“宁愿”主要是指would rather。当它后接句子的时候,句子的谓语通常要用虚

be型虚拟语气及倒装

be-型虚拟式的主要用法如下。 用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语之后的that-分句中 be-型虚拟式的这一用法又有以下三种情况: a)用在decide, decree, demand, insist,moveorder,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,vote等动词之后的that分句中。例如: He ordered that all the books be sent at once、 We propose that somebody neutral take the chair(担任主席)。 She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday、 Congress has decided /voted/ decreed that the present law be maintained、 The doctor insisted that he not eat meat、 b)用在decision, decree, demand, Instruction, order, requirement, resolution等名词之后的that-分句中。例如: The board(理事会) has given instructions that the agent fly to Boston、 We were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished、 Your advice that she wait till next week is reasonable、 Their decision was that the school remain closed、 His order that the troops not be sent at once was carried out、 在这一用法中be-型虚拟式能与“should +不定式”交替使用,也能与不定式被动语态交替使用。例如: He ordered that the books be sent at once、 =He ordered that books should be sent at once、 =He ordered the books to be sent at once、 It is important that she be placed in an appropriate job、 =It is important that she should be placed in an appropriate job、 =It is important for her to be placed in an appropriate job、 be-型虚拟式能用于由if, though, whatever, lest, so long as等引导的分句中表示推测、让步、防备等含义。例如: If he be found guilty, John shall have the tight of appeal、 If the rumour be true, everything is possible、 Though everyone desert you, I will not Whatever be his defense, we cannot tolerate this disloyalty、 So long as a volume hold together, I am not disturbed as to its outer appearance、 Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unswerving support、 Quietly we sat on the river bank lest the fish swim away、 上述用法现在只限于正式书面语体,在非正式语体中通常用动词陈述式或者用should/may+不定式。例如: If the rumour is true, everything is possible、 He hid himself in the bush lest he should be seen、 Whatever his defense may be, we can\'t tolerate this disloyalty、 用于某些公式化的语句中 be-型虚拟式用于某些公式化语句中可表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等意义。例如: Long live the People\'s Republic of China! God bless you! Heaven forbid!(天理不容) Devil take him!(混蛋) So be it、(但愿如此/就这样吧。) Suffice it to say that、、、(只需说……就够了。) Far be it from me to(我极不愿) spoil the fun、