语法：虚拟语气和倒装句

虚拟语气

虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达：

1.非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况，或说话人的主观愿望。

2.强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告等意思，表示强烈地要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。

虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的，其特点是主从句时态的不一致，而起一般有明显的标志。

难点释疑

一、If型

If条件状语从句表示的虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：

特别值得注意的是，这种虚拟语气的形式存在交叉虚拟，即如果从句发生的动作和主句发生的动作不一致(例如：从句动作发生在过去，主句动作发生在现在)，谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。例如：

If Peter had applied for the post, he would probably get it now.要是彼得申请了那职位，他很可能现在就得到了。

If he had left for Shanghai yesterday, he would get there now.如果他昨天动身去上海的话，他现在已经到那里了。

二、Wish型

1.wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：

与过去事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用had done

与现在事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用did

与将来事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用would/could do

例如：

I wish they would change the menu.他们要是改变一下菜单就好了。

I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.我要是没花那么多的钱就好了。

同样地，在as if/as though引导的宾语从句中和以if only引导的带有感叹色彩的虚拟语气句子中，谓语动词与wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟形式相同。

2.由if only 引导的虚拟语气

与过去事实相反if only 谓语动词用had done

与现在事实相反if only 谓语动词用did

例如：

If only she had asked someone’s advice! 她要是征求了别人的意见就好了！

3.由as if/as though 引导的虚拟语气

与过去事实相反as if/as though谓语动词用had done

与现在事实相反as if/as though谓语动词用did

例如：

He talks about Rome as if he had been there himself.谈论起罗马来就像他去过似的。

He orders me as though I were his wife.他向我发号施令就好像我是他的妻子似的。

三、强制性虚拟语气

1.表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词+ that + (should) + 动词原形，其中should经常被省略。这类动词包括：advise，ask，command，decide，decree，demand，desire，determine，direct，insist，maintain，move(动议，规定)，order，prefer，propose，recommend，require，stipulate，suggest等等。例如：

It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios (should) not be played after 11 o'clock at night.酒店管理人员恳请房客在晚上11点之后不要打开收音机。

2.以上动词转化为名词，如suggestion，proposal，demand，order，command，advice，desire，requirement，request，agreement，determination，preference，resolution，indication，后接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句要求用虚拟语气，其谓语部分用should + 动词原形，should可以省略。例如：

We are all for your proposal that discussion should be put off.我们都支持你推迟讨论的建议。

3.值得注意的是，只有suggest意为“建议”、insist意为“坚持认为”时，从句用虚拟语气，当suggest意为“暗示”、insist意为“坚持说”时，从句不用虚拟语气。例如：

When the son suggested that they should go to park on Sunday, the expression on his father suggested that he agreed with him.当儿子提议星期天去公园时，父亲用表情表示了默许。

The boy insisted that he didn’t cheat in the exam.这个孩子坚持说他没有在考试中作弊。(考试已经结束)

The boy insisted that he shouldn’t cheat in the exam.这个孩子坚持认为不应该在考试中作弊。(考试还未进行)

4.It is/was + 形容词/过去分词+ that + (should) + 动词原形，这些形容词主要表示必要性、重要性、强制性、合适性、义务性，即某人对某事的反应。这类词包括：important，natural，desirable，possible，astonishing，advisable，anxious，appropriate，compulsory，crucial，eager，essential，fitting，imperative，improper，necessary，obligatory，preferable，proper，urgent，vital，shocked，requested，amazing，strange，odd，ridiculous，surprising，unthinkable，incredible等等。例如：

It is important that students graduating from universities should have not only theory but also practice.大学毕业生不仅要有理论知识，更要有实践经验，这一点很重要。

It is surprising that they should kill the time like that.他们竟然这样打发时间，真是太奇怪了。

特殊虚拟语气句子

1.If it hadn’t been for your assistance ，we w ouldn’t have succeeded.

=But for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.

But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。

2. If虚拟条件句的倒装形式，即把were, had, should置于句首。例：

Were I in school again (= If I were in school again), I would work harder.如果我能再上一次学，我会学习得更努力。

Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…)如果你问我，我会告诉你。

Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。

3. If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。

4.*suggest表“暗示”insist表“坚持说”时不用虚拟语气

比较：

He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。

He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。

He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。

I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣。

5.Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。

6.原因状语从句中的虚拟语气

amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, s orry, surprised, upset 等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：

①should + 原形动词(指现在或将来)。如：

He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生气，你竟然对他直呼其名。

I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很惊讶他竟答不出如此简单的问题。

②should + 完成式, 指过去。如：

I’m very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遗憾，你这次考试竟然失败了。

I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很吃惊，父亲竟指导我昨天所作的事情(from https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b518980948.html,)。

倒装句

倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。

完全倒装

1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（是整个谓语动词，而非助动词）。

例如：The teacher came in and the class began.（没有倒装）

In came the teacher and the class began. （老师走了进来，然后开始上课。）

2) there引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear,exist,lie,remain,seem to be,stand等，一般都译成"有"的含义，构成完全倒装句。例如：There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.（远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。）

3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句：以地点副词here,there和时间副词now,then开头，后面的动词是be,come,exist,fall,follow,go,lie,remain,seem,stand（表移动或动态的不及物动词）等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came.

4）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装

5）在强调状语时1）当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为go,come等表示位置转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如：

1 Up went the plane.

2 In came the chairman and the meeting began.

注：如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如：

1 Out they rushed!

2 Lower and lower he bent.

(2) 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，句子须倒装。例如：

1 Round the corner walked a large policeman.

2Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.

3 当句首状语由“only +副词”，“only +介词词组”，“only +状语从句”构成时，句子须倒装。例如：

1 Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. （不属于完全倒装）

2 Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.

（6）当句首状语为here,there,now,then等时，句子须倒装，主语是代词时，句子不用倒装。例如：

1）Here is a ticket for you.

2）Now comes your turn.

3）Here he comes.

（7）以关联词so （…that）开头的句子中，句子须倒装。例如：

1）So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.

2）So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus.

3）So much does he worry about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night.

注：在该结构中，“so +形容词”是表语的前置；“so +副词”是状语的前置。

．在直接引语之后

在叙事性书面语中，直接引语后常跟asked Mary,answered John,said the old lady,grunted Peter之类的词语。在这些

词语中，动词常的主语之前，主语是代词时，不用倒装。例如：

1）“What do you mean?”asked Henry.

2）“What do you mean?”he asked.

. often,many a time等表示频度的状语置于句首时

例如：Often did they think of going there,but they never had a chance.

12．在as,though引导的让步状语从句中

在as,though引导的让步状语从句中，一般将形容词、副词或名词等置于句首。例如：

1）Small as the atom is,we can smash it.

2）Big as the workpiece is,it is turned out with

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。

Out he rushed.

注意：

1) 在here,there引出的倒装句中，当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句，但当主语是代词时，就要用部分倒装句。

例：Here comes the postman！（邮递员终于来了！注意实意谓语动词位于主语之前。）Here we are.（我们到了。注意系动词位于主语代词之后。）

2) 当主语是代词，谓语是系动词，表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时，可以使用完全倒装句，起强调作用。

例：Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.（他真幸运，被一所名牌大学录取了。）

Typical for China is the crosstalk show where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.（中国典型的是相声表演，两个喜剧演员通过文字游戏逗乐观众）

部分倒装

部分倒装

1) 部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词等）放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。

Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about （疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活）

2) 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法：例：Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.（小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。）In no country other than Britain,it had been said,can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.（据说除了英国世界上没有哪个国家能让人在一天中感受到四季变化）

3) 以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely……when,never,no sooner……than,rarely,no more,not nearly,not only等以及only。Only in the country can you learn the “true English”.

4）一些如scarcely……when,no sooner ……than,hardly……when引导的主从复合句主句要求使用过去完成式。注意：在部分倒装句中，只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be 可以置于主语之前，其它部分都要置于主语之后。

5）此外，一些介词+no+名词的结构中需要用部分倒装，这些结构包括at no time; by no means; by no manner of means; for no reason; in no case; in/under no circumstances; in no sense; in no way; on no account; on no consideration; at no point例如Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money. 注意：

a) 如果含有从句时，只要求主句倒装：例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.（只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。）

b) 如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分，不用倒装：

例：It was not until he went abroad that he knew the truth of the fact.（直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相。）

c) 如果hardly,scarcely后面接的是any,ever,at all时，意义类似almost no/ not/ never（几乎不、从不），则无须倒装。

例：Hardly any people invited went there.（几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了。）

6) 由no matter how,however和how引导的状语从句要求部分倒装，因为形容词或副词通常紧跟在这三个引导词后面，然后才是主语和谓语，形成形式上的部分倒装句：

例：I know nothing about this river,neither how long,how wide nor how deep it is.（我一点也不了解这条河，不知道它有多长，多宽或多深。）

7) 由as引导的部分倒装句：

a) 当as作为比较意义时，即用于as + adj./ adv. + as结构中时，如果把第一个as省略掉，就形成部分倒装句。

例：Cautious as the rest of her family (was),she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.（正如她家里人一样谨慎小心，她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。）She charged the stairs,quick as a rabbit (ran).（她跑上楼去，跑得象兔子那么快！）

b) 当as引导让步状语时，和although,though一样，当用作“尽管”之义时，可以用于部分倒装句。

Hard as he worked,he did not pass the exam.（虽然他很用功，但他还是没及格）

c) 表示原因时，为了强调起见，也可以倒装。

例：Tired as he was,we decided not to disturb him.（因为他太累了，我们决定不打扰他。）d) 等于so时，意义是“也，也是”

例：She worked hard,so/ as did her husband. （她工作很努力，她的丈夫工作也很努力。）so,neither,nor倒装

除了构成上述倒装句以外，还可以取代上文出现的名词、形容词甚至整句话，构成完全倒装句或部分倒装句。但这两种倒装的意义不同。

a) 当so表示“也，相同，那样”时，通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容，要求使用完全倒装句：

He promised to finish my homework,so did I.

b) so /such ……that句型可以构成部分倒装句，表示强调so /such和that之间的部分：例：So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her.

c）也存在such+be+主语的情况用以强调，例如Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man of great achievements.（阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦是一个有伟大成就的普通人）

d) neither和nor共有4种倒装形式，其含义分别为：

1) 完全倒装时：表示"也不"，和上文a）用法正好相反，表示对前一句否定句的赞同或一致内容。

例：You don't know what to do now,neither/ nor do I .（你不知道现在该做什么，我也不知道。）

2) 和其它否定副词连用，表示"也（不）"，也要求用完全倒装句：

例：The besieged enemy could not advance,nor / neither retreat could they .（被包围的敌人既不能进，也不能退。）

注意：若把这句话改成："The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.（被包围的敌人既不能进，也不能退。）"就不必倒装。

She never laughed,nor did she ever lose her temper.

3) 用在肯定句里，构成一般否定倒装：

例：All that is true,nor must we forget it.（那全都是真的，我们可不能忘记。）

部分倒装作用

有承上启下作用，表示同意和赞同：

例：A: I couldn't do anything for her.（我帮不了她。）

B: Nor you could,but you might have got somebody to help her.（你是不能帮她，但你本可以找人帮她的。）

2) 在进行比较的句子里，如果主语不是代词时，可以倒装：

例：America consumes more energy than did our country.（美国消耗的能源比我们国家多。）

3）在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒装。如May you happy.

4）在文学作品中常出现倒装，有些是由于语法习惯，有些是为了简单的修辞，如Not even

one cloud will I bring away（不带走一片云彩）.

不用倒装的地方

注：如果only后面的词组不是状语，则不用倒装.

Only Wang Ling knows this .

如果直接引语后注明引语是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，用倒装结构；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装。

" Let's go," said the man .

虚拟语气 倒装句练习

虚拟语气练习题2（填空） 1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _______________(enjoy) the book from which it was made. 2.You are late. If you _______________(come) a few minutes earlier, you ______________(meet) him. 3.The two students talked as if they _____________(be) friends for years. 4.It is important that I _____________(be) with Mr. Williams immediately. 5.He looked as if he ______________(be) ill for a long time. 6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not ____________________there for two hours. 7.I wish that I ____________(go) with you last night. 9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _______________(know) everything. 10.______________ the fog, we should have reached our school. 11.If you had told me in advance, I ______________(meet) him at the airport. 12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____________(teach) me how. 13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I _____________(be) so busy then. 14.He’s working hard for fear that he ________________(fall) behind. 15.If it ______________ (rain) another ten minutes, the game would have been called off. 16.He suggested that they _______________ use a trick instead of fighting. 17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _______________(go) there. 18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _______________(have) time. 20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you __________________(go) to sleep. 21.—Why didn’t you buy a new car?—I would have bought one if I ____________(have) enough money. 23._________ he leave today, he would get there by Friday. 24.His doctor suggested that he _______________(take) a short trip abroad. 25.The Bakers arriv ed last night. If they’d only let us know earlier,we _______________(meet) him at the station. 26.If I ________ (be) you, I ___________________ (pay) more attention to English idioms and phrases. 27.We might have failed if you ________________ (give) us a helping hand. 28.The law requires that everyone ______________(have) his car checked at least once a year. 29.It is strange that he ______________(speak) so. 31.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he ______________(know) all about that. 32.If I _____________(possess) the money, I would have bought a much bigger car. 33.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _________________(come) to the meeting. 34.The librarian insists that John _____________(take) no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed. 35.I left very early last night, but I wish I ______________(leave) so early. 36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _____________(have) no time. 37.I wish that you ________________(have) such a b ad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert. 38.He insisted that we all __________(be) in his office at one o’clock. 39.Helen couldn’t go to France after all. That’s too bad. I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if she ___________(go). 40.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _______________(go) an hour before the discussion begins. 倒装句练习 1.Not until I began to work ________ I ___________(realize) how much time I had wasted. 2.Only by practising a few hours every day _______ you be able to master the language. 3.If you don't go，neither ____. 4.No sooner ______ I ______ (go) to the station ________ the train left. 5. —— Your father is very strict with you. So ________. He never lets off a single mistake of ours. 6. ______ he __________(leave) today，he would get there by Sunday.

2020年高考英语新题型写作技巧八 强调倒装虚拟语气句型和丰富细节的手段

2020年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧 专题（八）强调倒装虚拟句型+丰富文章细节的手段 特殊句型是英语书面表达中的高级句式，其中强调句和倒装句是较为常见的特殊句型。而虚拟语气也是高中较难掌握的句型之一。它们的准确使用能够彰显考生的英语水平，提高写作档次。 一．重点突出的强调句型 （一）强调句的基本句式结构为：It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who + 句子其他成分。它可以强调除谓语动词外的其它任何成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。在续写和概写中灵活运用强调句不仅能突出重点、增强表达，更能彰显考生的英语运用能力。 It is just the so-called inconvenience that displays the richness, delicacy and great fascination of Chinese culture with a history of thousands of years. (2019年浙江高考书面表达) 在写作中运用强调句型可以采取以下步骤： 1.在一个写好的句子中找出需要强调的成分，如主语、宾语、状语等； 2.根据句子的时态确定is或was； 3.然后把要强调的成分套进句式里，It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who + 句子其他成分。 例：We created a harmonious atmosphere with sincerity and faithfulness. 如果我们要强调状语，即with sincerity and faithfulness，在确定好时态was后，把需要强调的部分放在it was后，that后放除强调外的剩余成分便得到： It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere. （二）强调句常用句式 1. It is/was + 被强调的部分+ that/who + 句子其它成分 It is on the playground this Friday afternoon that a volleyball game will be held. (2019全国一卷书面 表达) It was because of their help that a disaster was avoided. (2017年浙江高考书面表达) 2. Is/was it + 被强调的部分+ that/who + 句子其它成分 Was it in the park that the children saw the strange green objects? 3.特殊疑问词+ is/was it + 被强调的部分+ 句子其它成分 When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher? 4.It is/was not until that + 句子其它成分

虚拟语气和倒装

Subjunctive mood (1) Nevertheless, should a fight follow, neither creature will be badly hurt, for the loser will save himself by making a gesture of submission. (Line 5) (2) If it had not had this disability it would have undoubtedly stayed in the jungle and hunted for food in the customary way. (Line12) If the human population had not increased so rapidly, people would have had more space and freedom. (Line 23) (3) If the caged lion, for example, were free to wander on the grassy plains of Africa, it would be continually active, ranging over long distances, hunting in family groups. (Line 15) 此三类句子体现了虚拟语气的三种时态变化。 （1）第1句中“should a fight follow”是表示将来情况的虚拟语气，意思为“if a fight should follow”，句中省略了“if”，将“should”提前，构成倒装，表示“万一，一旦”的意思。值得注意的是本句中的主句部分未使用虚拟语气。 (2) 第二部分这两句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。这类句子，从句用“had +动词过去分词”，主句用“would/should/could/might + have + 动词过去分词”。 (3) 第3句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。从句用“did/were”，主句用“would/should/could/ might + 动词原型”。 虚拟语气专项复习： A．虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： if+主语+过去时+其他+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例：If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。 If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。 If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：学习不用功）2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 if+主语+had done +其他+主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他 例：If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 ①if+主语+did/should/were to do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 ② if+主语+did/be(were)+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 ③if+主语+should+do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例：If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作不是同时发生时， ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了

倒装句,定语从句,虚拟语气练习题解析

倒装句练习 1. So fast_______ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. A. light travel B. does light travel C. travels light D. has light travelled 2.That scientist isn’t too happy with the project, and______________. A. so are her supervisors B. either are her supervisors C. neither are her supervisors D. so her supervisors are 3.______ the door than somebody started knocking on it. A. I had closed no sooner B. I had no sooner closed C. No sooner have I closed D. No sooner I closed 4.Is this beautiful? Yes, it is. ________. A. Rarely before have I seen this B. Rarely I have seen this before

C. Rarely have I seen before this D. Rarely have I seen this before 5._____but he also proved himself a good athlete. A. He showed himself not only a good student B. Not only did he show himself a good student C. He showed not only himself a good student D. Not only he showed himself a good student 6.Nowhere else along the coast____ such shallow water so far from land. A. is there B. there is C. it is D. is 7._____did we try to persuade her to give up her plan. A. In failure B. With no result C. In vain D. With no end 8.______I couldn’t lift the box. A. As I might try

真实条件句,虚拟语气.

当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。首先看以下例句：（1） You like calssical music, don't you? 你也喜欢古典音乐，对吗？(2 He lived in Vienna, too,didn't he? 他也住在维也纳，对吗？（3）Your parents can swim, can't they? 你父母会游泳，是吗？（4） Tony doesn't like classical music,does he? 托尼不喜欢古典音乐，对吗？（5） This music isn't very popular, is it? 这音乐并非十分流行，对吗？从以上句子可以看出，反意疑问句是由“助动词/ 系动词be（肯定或否定）+主语（代词）” 构成的。在反意疑问句的构成中要注意以下几点： 1.前面当陈述句如果是肯定的，反意疑问句就要用否定形式，如（1）、（2）、（3）；前面的陈述句如果是否定的，反意疑问句就要用肯定形式，如（4）、（5）； 2.反意疑问句的主语必须是代替前面主语的代词； 3.翻译疑问句的谓语动词在时态和人称上要与前面陈述句谓语动词保持一致。陈述句部分如果有标识否定意义的词，反意疑问句要用肯定式。如：They have never visited his home, have they? 他们从来没有到他家玩过，是吧？在回答反意疑问句时，要特别注意英、汉两种语言习惯的差别。试看下面当例句：——Mr Smith isn't American, is he? 史密斯先生不是美国人，对吧？——Oh yes, he is.不对，他是美国人。可以看出，在英语中，无论问题是怎样问的，只要答语的事实是肯定句，就要用YES；只要答语的事实是否定的，就要用NO. 编辑本段英语18种特殊的反意疑问句介绍 1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句，用will you 多表示“请求”，用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如：Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板，好吗？Let引导的祈使句有两种情况：1Let's...,后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。例如：Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧，好吗？还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。2Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。例如： Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试，行吗？ 2.感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时，其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。例如：What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊，是吧？ 3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to，且这些词被用作实义动词时，其反意疑问句需用do的适当形

英语虚拟语气类型用法

二、虚拟语气的判断： 1. if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句，反之为非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种： (1) 与过去事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如： If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨，我们就能玩网球了。 (2) 与现在事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如： If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你，我就娶她为妻。 (3) 与将来事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如： If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会，你会难过的。 2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 (1) wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气：根据从句的意义来判断。 A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如： I wish they were not so late. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。 B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如： I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。 (2) 表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest 等。从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，其中should 可以省去。例如： I insisted that he (should) go with us. 我坚持让他和我们一起去。 注意：当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。例如：

虚拟语气和倒装句笔记

语法 一、虚拟语气 Ⅰ.suggest；require； order； recommand； insist sb.suggest that …（should）do His suggestion is that… What do you think of his suggestion that 注：suggest,insist表明、暗示 He insisted that he hadn’t made a mistake. Ⅱ.wish 1)对现在的虚拟，用一般现在时 How I wish I were you ! 2)对过去虚拟，用过去完成时 How I wish I had followed your advice. 3)对将来虚拟 could+v.原形 How I wish /If only I could fly in the sky Ⅲ.It is (high)time that…should (should 不可省) It is necessary that… I would rather that… Ⅳ.隐含虚拟 But ;but for ;without ;otherwise without后一般+n. Eg:I could have come to school on time,(but I got up late).=I got up late otherwise. Ⅴ.虚拟条件句 If it didn’t rain tomorrow If it shouldn’t(只能用should) rain tomorrow. If it weren’t to rain tomorrow Were it not to rain tomorrow…/Should it not to… Were I you,… 从句都往过去推一个时态 Ⅵ.时间错纵 If she hadn’t stayed up all night studying,She would feel energetic now .

虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法总结

虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法 先看一道高考题： ____ more attention，the trees could have grown better． A．Given B．To give C．Giving D．Having given （答案是A） 句中"．．．the trees could have grown better"是一个表达虚拟语气的句子。题中要求选择的是如何表达假设条件的形式。如果我们把这个句子用另一种形式"If they had been given more attentio n ，the trees could have grown better．"来表示，就不难理解了。很多情况下，在表示假设的虚拟语气中，有时假设的条件并不以条件从句的形式表达，而是通过上下文或句中内在的逻辑关系，或用其它形式表达出来，我们称之为"含蓄条件句"。 含蓄条件句主要通过名词、连接词、不定式、分词、动名词短语、介词短语及分句来暗示。这些表达形式在句中实际起着虚拟条件从句的作用。现分述如下： 一、介词短语 常用来表示虚拟条件的介词有with，without，in，under，but for等等，它们表示的虚拟条件都可以被if从句替换。 （1）without，with without表示否定的条件，意为if．．．not；with与without意义相反，表示肯定的条件。如：Without air，there would be no living things．（without air ＝if there were no air）没有空气，便没有生物。 With her help（＝If I had her help），I would do the experiment well．假如有她帮助，我就可以把这个实验做好。 （2）under Under the leadership of a less experienced person，the experiment would have failed．（u nder．．．＝If there had been the leadership of a less experienced person）假设在一个缺少经验的人领导下进行实验，实验准会失败。 （3）in I would have lost my head in that position．（in that position ＝if I had been in that po sition）我处在那种情况下，是会丧失理智的。 （4）but for

虚拟语气翻译练习

虚拟语气翻译练习 1．假如你得了一万美金，必须在一天内花掉，你会怎么做呢？ 2．如果我是她，我宁愿死了也不嫁给他。 3．假如没有电，生活会是什么样子呢？ 4．昨晚如果她来了，问题就解决了。 5．即使你告诉了我她是谁，我也认不出她来。 6．假如当初他接受运动员的训练，早就闻名世界了。 7．如果明天不考试，我就和你一起去看电影。 8．如果湛江下雪，那可是新闻头条啊。 9．如果你没有背叛过我，也许我们现在还是很好的朋友。 10．如果你将来嫁有钱人，那我都成百万富翁了。 11．要不是英语考试，上周六我就去听音乐会了。 12．难道你不该开始认真对待生活了吗？ 13．你很自私，你的该意识到自己并不是世界上最重要的人。 答案： 1.If you had ten thousand dallors,what would you do if you had to spend it in a day? 2.If I were you, I would die rather than marrying him. 3.If we had no electricity, what life would be? 4.If he had come yesterday, the problems might have been solved. 5.I should not have recognized her even if you had told me her name. 6.If he had been trained as an athlete, he would have been word famous long ago. 7.If we shouldn’t take the exam tomorrow, I would go with you to the movie. 8.If it were to snow in Zhanjing, it would be the headline of the newspaper. 9.If you hadn’t turned your back on me( betrayed me), we were still friends maybe. 10.If you should marry a rich man in future, I would be a millionior. 11.But for the Enlish examination, I would have gone to the concert last Saturday. 12.Isn’t it about time you started taking life seriously? 13.You’re selfish. It’s high time you realized that you are not the most important person in the world.

高中英语提高之虚拟语气用法

虚拟语气用法 虚拟语气用法
概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想， 而不表示客观存在的事实， 所说的是一个条件， 不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分 为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
应用条件
在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或 某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的 主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。
在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表 示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 例： If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他 将错过巴士。( 真实) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果 他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。 （真实） If I were you, I would go at once. 如果我是你， 我马上就会去。（非真实， 虚拟语气） If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。 （非真实，虚拟语气）
用法及动词形式
从句
If+主语 +did If+ 主语+did 主语 were） （ be 动词 were ）
主句
与现在事实相反
主语+should/would/ 主语 +should/would/ could/might+do

虚拟语气与倒装句

语法系列复习专题十-----虚拟语气、倒装句型 虚拟语气 虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。 一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法 常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如： Long live the People s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！ be happy! 快乐！ have a good time! 玩得愉快！ May you 祝你 succeed! 成功！ make progress! 进步！ 二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法： 1．在非真实性条件句和主句中的用法 条件从句主句 一般过去时（be多用于were）would/should/could/might＋动词原形 如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。 If I had time,I would go there. 如果我有空，我就去那儿。 条件从句主句 过去完成时would/should/could/might＋have done 如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。 If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book. 如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。 条件从句主句 一般过去时（be多用were） would/should/could/might＋动词原形 should do,were to do put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。） If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break. 万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。 4）i f的省略 如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should 置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。 例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book. 5)条件句或主句的省略 当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。 例如：——Why didn t you attend the party yesterday? ——I would/should have,but I was too busy then. I was surprised that you didn t like this job.You could have done it better.（后面省略了if you had liked it.） 6)混合时间条件句和主句 条件句和主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。 例如：If the teacher hadn t been ill yesterday,who could give us a lecture now?/If you had

高中英语虚拟语气的用法

高中英语虚拟语气的用法 一、考查虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 时间从句谓语形式（be用were不可改变）主句谓语形式 将来一般过去时(be用were) would/should/might/could+动词原形 现在一般过去时(be用were) would/should/might/could+动词原形 过去现在完成时would/should/might/could+had done （1）If he my advice, he wouldn' t have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow （2）If we the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. taken B. had taken C. took D. have taken （3） -John went to the hospital alone. -If he me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 二、考查特殊句型中的虚拟语气 英语中需要使用虚拟语气的特殊句型不多，主理有以下类: 1.“倒装”类虚拟语气 当虚拟条件句中含有were, should, had时,有时可将引导虚拟条件句的连词if省略,而将从句中的were,should, had提到句首,构成倒装形式的虚拟语气。如: If he were here, she would agree too.→Were she here, she would agree too.如果她在这里,她也同意的。. If it should rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match. →Should it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match.假若明天下雨,我们只好推迟这场比赛。 If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.→Had we found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话,我们就可以救活他。 注意,如果条件从句的谓语为否定式,其中的否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should, had等缩略成Weren' t, Shouldn' t, Hadn'场置于句首。如:我如不是警告了你,你就可能丧命了。 正: If I hadn' t warned you, you could have been killed. 正: Had I not warned you, you could have been killed. 误: Hadn' t I warned you, you could have been killed. 另外,有时省略if后提前到句首的had可能不是助动词,而是实义动词。 如: Had I time, I would go with you.假如我有时间,我就同你们一起去。句中的had不是构成过去完成时的助动词,而是表示“有”,如果不省略if ,完整形式为:If I had time, I would go with you. (1) Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy____. (2010浙江卷) A.would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved （2） fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006湖北） A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 2.“宁愿”类虚拟语气 这里说的“宁愿”主要是指would rather。当它后接句子的时候,句子的谓语通常要用虚

be型虚拟语气及倒装

be-型虚拟式的主要用法如下。 用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语之后的that-分句中 be-型虚拟式的这一用法又有以下三种情况: a)用在decide, decree, demand, insist,moveorder,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,vote等动词之后的that分句中。例如: He ordered that all the books be sent at once、 We propose that somebody neutral take the chair(担任主席)。 She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday、 Congress has decided /voted/ decreed that the present law be maintained、 The doctor insisted that he not eat meat、 b)用在decision, decree, demand, Instruction, order, requirement, resolution等名词之后的that-分句中。例如: The board(理事会) has given instructions that the agent fly to Boston、 We were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished、 Your advice that she wait till next week is reasonable、 Their decision was that the school remain closed、 His order that the troops not be sent at once was carried out、 在这一用法中be-型虚拟式能与“should +不定式”交替使用,也能与不定式被动语态交替使用。例如: He ordered that the books be sent at once、 =He ordered that books should be sent at once、 =He ordered the books to be sent at once、 It is important that she be placed in an appropriate job、 =It is important that she should be placed in an appropriate job、 =It is important for her to be placed in an appropriate job、 be-型虚拟式能用于由if, though, whatever, lest, so long as等引导的分句中表示推测、让步、防备等含义。例如: If he be found guilty, John shall have the tight of appeal、 If the rumour be true, everything is possible、 Though everyone desert you, I will not Whatever be his defense, we cannot tolerate this disloyalty、 So long as a volume hold together, I am not disturbed as to its outer appearance、 Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unswerving support、 Quietly we sat on the river bank lest the fish swim away、 上述用法现在只限于正式书面语体,在非正式语体中通常用动词陈述式或者用should/may+不定式。例如: If the rumour is true, everything is possible、 He hid himself in the bush lest he should be seen、 Whatever his defense may be, we can\'t tolerate this disloyalty、 用于某些公式化的语句中 be-型虚拟式用于某些公式化语句中可表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等意义。例如: Long live the People\'s Republic of China! God bless you! Heaven forbid!(天理不容) Devil take him!(混蛋) So be it、(但愿如此/就这样吧。) Suffice it to say that、、、(只需说……就够了。) Far be it from me to(我极不愿) spoil the fun、