金融专业英语及翻译
Opposite指“位置、方向、地位、性质、意义等对立的、相反的”, 如:
如: “True” and “ false ” have opposite meanings.
“真”与“假”有着相反的意思。
Contrary指“两物朝相反的方向发展”, 含有“互相冲突, 不一致”的意思, 如: Your plan is contrary to mine.
你的计划与我的相反。
Inverse 颠倒的；倒数的
Evil is the inverse of good.
Reverse 反过来，翻转
He reversed the car.
他倒车.
教育类
??素质教育??education for all-round development
??应试教育 the examination-oriented education
??义务教育 compulsory education
??片面追求升学率 place undue emphasis on the proportion of students'??entering school of a higher level
??高分低能 good scores but low qualities
??扩招 expand enrollment
??教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people
??因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude
??提高身心素质 improve the health and psychological quality
??大学生创业 the university students'??innovative undertaking
??社会实践 social practice
??文凭 diplomas and certificates
??复合型人才 interdisciplinary talents
??文化底蕴 the rich cultural deposits
??适应社会的改变 adjust to the social changes
??满足社会的急需 meet the urgent needs the society
工作类
人才流动和双向选择 talent flow and a dual-way selection
??试用期??probationary period
??跳槽 job-hopping
??自由职业 freelance work
??拜金主义 money worship
??获得名利 achieve fame and wealth
??充分发挥个人的潜力 develop fully one's potential and creativity
??工作出色 excel in one's work
??社会和个人的尊重 social and personal esteem
??生计问题 a bread and butter issue
??人才交流 talents exchange
??培养人才 cultivate talents
??人才外流 brain drain
??失业问题 unemployment problems
??下岗职工 the laid-off workers
??自谋生路 be self-employed
??劳动力短缺??shortage of manpower
医药卫生类
??卫生环境??sanitary environment
??营养不良 malnutrition
??杀虫剂 pesticide
??传染病 infectious disease
??呼吸疾病 respiratory disease
商业类
??假冒伪劣 forged and fake commodities
??物美价廉 goods with high qualities low price
??售后服务 after-sale service
??家用电器 household electrical appliances
??旺季 during peak selling seasons
??促销 promote sales
??提高购买力 raise the purchasing power
??刺激购物欲 stimulate the desire to buy
??超前消费 premature consumption
??国有企业 state-owned enterprise
??私人企业 private enterprise
??偷税漏税 tax evasion
??保持时常良好的秩序 keep market in good order
??垄断市场 monopolize the market
社会道德类
??遵守公德 comply with public morality
??物质和精神文明建设 material and ideological progress ??守法 observe/obey the law
??遵守交规 observe traffic regulations
??改进社会风气 improve public morals
??违法 offend against the law
??侵犯个人隐私 invasion of privacy
??违反公共规章 break/violate public regulations
??扰乱治安 disturb the social order
??要求索赔 claim compensation
??应该受法律严惩 deserve to be punished heavily by the law
环保类
??生态系统 ecosystem
??环保意识 environmental awareness
??生态失衡 disruption of ecological balance
??全球变暖 global warming
??温室效应 greenhouse effect
??沙尘暴 sand/dust storms
??淡水资源短缺 shortage of fresh water
downsizing
减员
**
streamline
精简
**
on the job/in-service
在职
**
disposable
一次性
**
think tank
智囊团
**
round the clock service
全天候服务
**
(free) convertibility
（自由）兑换
**
find a sugar daddy
傍大款
**
Nordic
北欧
**
non-renewable
不可再生
**
out and out
彻头彻尾
**
deadlock
僵局
**
tertiary industry
第三产业
**
fair (market) value
市值
**
refund
退款
**
axis-of-evil
邪恶轴心
**
(nuclear) nonproliferation
核不扩散
**
holistic
整体的
**
one-off
一次性（解决）的；一揽子的
**
turnkey
总承包的；现成可使用的
**
in-house
自有的；（in-house finance company) **
round-up
汇总？
**
overseas returnee
海归
**
framework accord
框架协议
**
WTO accession
加入WTO
**
non-exclusive license
非专用特许
**
royalty free
无版权费的
**
sublicense
转授权；转发许可证
**
creature comforts
衣食
**
recapitalization
资产重组
**
RPI
（Retail Price Index）零售物价指数**
overriding concern
高于一切的考虑
**
Lanyard
系索
**
copyright
着作权
**
royalty
版权
**
compliance
合规性
**
extension
展期
**
co-lead underwriter
副主承销商
**
Advisory Board
咨询委员会
**
Board of Councillors
理事会
**
entrepreneur
创业者
**
upmarket
高端的
**
attorney general
首席检察官
**
upscale
高端的
**
clientele
客户群
**
self starter
白手起家人
**
down round
筹资首轮
**
mass market vs. submarket
总的市场/次级市场（比如根据某个标准分的客户群）
**
letter/power of attorney
委任书
**
market clout
市场影响（？）
**
rehaul (a business)
重组；
**
sell-back (
与buy-out相对）
**
monograph
专题（论述）
**
verbatim
逐字逐句的说法（比如销售“定式”用语）
**
Liquidity Trap
流动性陷阱（宁愿把资金存放于银行拿取零利息的回报，也不愿再投资赔了）**
many a little makes a mickle
集腋成裘
**
reservist
后备兵
**
at eleventh hours
关键时刻
**
misnomer
用词不当
**
payoff
收益
**
outperform
超过
**
bailout
解决；救援（for instance, the bailout from IMF for South Korea and other SE Asian countries after financial crisis)
**
honor of N/R (notes receivable)/dishonor
到期兑现
**
political cronies
政府人员办的关联企业
**
value-based pricing
价值导向定价法（区别于cost-based pricing，指能为客户带来多少价值来确定价格，而不是消耗了多少成本，比如飞机票)
**
clearinghouse like exchange
（交换场所）
**
value of synergy
企业兼并之后带来的利益
**
post-investment values
（注意post的用法）
**
techie
做技术的人（与salesman相对）
**
on-target
专注于最终目标的
**
optimum
最适宜的
**
overhead
还有一个意思是“投影”，类似powerpoint
**
in line
与预期相符的
**
YTD (year-to-date)
从Jan 1到目前的时间
**
scorched earth
焦土政策
**
economies of scope
范围经济（与economies of scale相比）
**
toehold
小支点，起点
**
industry observer
行业观察家
**
networking
商业构建私人关系网
**
conference backdrop
会议背景幕
**
trade-up
升级
**
ease of maintenance/repair
维修的容易度
**
cap
（金额）最高限度；upper limit
**
lifetime
（债券等的）存期
**
double dip recession
二次萧条（特指本次美国经济泡沫破灭后，还将面临的进一步衰退）**
fringe benefits
附加福利（除国家规定外的）
**
annual leave
年假
**
call to order
宣布开会；要求遵守秩序
**
second the motion
附议
**
motion carried
动议通过
**
window dressing
粉饰
**
end-state
最终状态
**
scrap
废品（与rework相对）
**
disagrregate
分解
**
solidity
可*性
**
MIS (management information system) 管理信息系统
**
in due course
稍后
**
7-11
便利店
**
numerator/denominator
分子/分母
**
winding-up
结算；停业
**
subsidiary/member companies
下属公司
**
coach
大客车
**
OEM/aftermarket parts
汽车业的前/后配件
**
assembly plant
汽车整车厂
**
elevated rail
轻轨
**
honorary
名誉
**
deputy magistrate
副区长（虹口）
**
size up
估计
**
offer .. Advancement over
比。。。更高的优势
**
litmus test
**
money order
汇票
**
Actuary
精算师
**
vignette /vi'njet/
装饰图；花边文字
**
China Resources
香港华润集团
**
stagflation
通胀
**
downplay
不予重视
**
supranational (institution)
跨国组织，如World Bank
**
private banking
私人银行（为其理财，通常针对大额储户）
**
captive finance company
为大公司自有的金融公司
**
forward contract
远期合约（与期货的不同在于：1。标准化；2.在OTC上交易，而不是交易所；3.保证金；4.期货需每日结算，以控制头寸；
**
spot price
（期货中）现价
**
treasury secretary
财长
**
rundown
纲要
**
passbook
银行存折
**
property & Casualty company
对应于life company（人寿保险公司而言）
**
floor
最低值，保底值
**
investment grade
；noninvestment grade (junk bond) 中等到高等credit rating的stock或bond（BBB以
**
crowding out effect
指政府增加expenditure之后造成利率上升、private investment反而减少的情况。
**
bank run
挤兑
**
velocity (of money)
货币周转率（=GDP/money supply）
**
quantity theory of money
货币数量理论（指Velocity和output保持不变，因此money supply与price成反比）
**
escalator clauses
自动调整条款（根据物价水平对wages等进行调整）
**
ceilings/floors
上限/下限
**
tax incidence
租税归宿（指由consumer还是supplier承担，有actural和statutory之分）
**
deadweight loss
无谓损失
**
elastic
伸缩度，（指demand和supply对price的敏感程度，越elastic，说明price的微小变动就能引起suppply/demand的巨大变动 The general formula for elasticity is: E = percent change in x / percent change in y
**
marginal utility
边际效用
**
economic profit
超额利润（accounting profit超出opportunity cost的那部分，在pure competitive market中，长期超额利润为零，即zero economic profit)
**
cold call
陌生电访（向推销员，找工作的人的撞大运式地乱打电话）
**
brown field investm
ent
即外资购买或租赁现有厂房进行生产
**
shelf registration
总括申报; 暂搁注册制度
**
fourth market
指投资者直接交换股票
**
third market
在OTC交易交易所上市股票
**
basis point
（bips）基本点，相对于%
**
style box
（基金）中指某类基金，如成长型大市值基金
**
indenture/deed of trust
债券契约
**
fast moving consumer goods
快速消费品
**
Heavy Vehicle Technologies and Systems Group (HVTSG) Dana
的一个新部门
**
Roadranger Dana
和Eaton的供应商（技术？）
**
powertrain
动力传动系列（驱动轴、离合器、变速箱、差速器）
**
victor reinz division Dana
的一个部门
**
actuator
作动器
**
torque converter
变矩器
**
aftermarket
（汽车用）零配件零售市场；在证券市场中相当于secondary market **
named/unnamed sources
有/无来源的消息
**
China National Investment & Guaranty Corp. (I&G)
中国经济技术投资担保公司（简称中投保）
**
grass bag
草袋
**
wiring harness
固化在（汽车）上的电线
**
muffler
消音器
**
sub assembly
次组合件（注：assembly在配件中的含义为组合件的意思）
**
gear case
齿轮箱
**
exhaust tube
排气管
**
sprocket
链齿轮
**
lifter
升降机
**
brake lever
手闸；刹车杆
**
ATV
（all terrain vehicle) 全地形车
**
idler pulley
空转轮；惰轮
**
worm gear
涡轮
**
rear drive
后轮驱动
**
Dinli
杭州鼎力机械有限公司
**
FF
式 Front engine front drive（前置引擎，前轮驱动）**
FR
式 Front engine rear drive （前置引擎，后轮驱动）**
mesh
啮合
**
universal joint
万向接头
**
four-wheel drive
四轮驱动
**
radiator
散热器
**
wheel rim
钢圈
**
halogen
卤素
wheel base
轮距
**
memorandum of association
公司组织大纲
**
certificate of good standing
公司状况良好证明书；资信状；信任状
**
rent seeking
寻租
**
unencumbered assets
无负担资产
**
fixture
固定装置
**
trade name
商号；厂商名称
**
promissory note
本票；期票
**
line of credit; credit line; bank line
信用额度
**
franchise
特许
**
replication
大批量生产
**
credit division
信贷部
**
OEM financial arm OEM
的金融机构
**
model
车型（用于汽车业）
**
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
（在商业中指与分销机构相对的厂商；从别处获得零件进行组合生产最终产品的厂商）**
trade up
（怂恿）买更贵的东西
**
holdback rebate
（回扣）
**
indemnification
**
non-exclusive
非独家的；一般的（exclusive为独家）
**
standing
常务
**
letter of engagement
工作关系证明
**
earn out
收益外购法 (一种取决于公司既得收益的资产购置法，它允许个人目前只支付所购股票一半的成本，其余部分5年内付清。)
**
Elopak
一家挪威的食品公司，与Wayne Smith有来往
**
deal sweetener
改善交易的措施
**
downstream product
下游产品
**
psi Pounds per square inch
（每平方英寸磅）
**
delivery firm (courier service)
快递公司
**
print (of a product, ., rider)
图纸
**
SKU stock keeping unit (
库存单位）；即指单一货品，比如超市中摆在货架上的某个特定产品
**
drivetrain
动力传动系列（驱动轴、离合器、变速箱、差速器）
**
nomenclature
命名法
parking brake
停车闸
**
downshift; upshift
调高/低档
**
shift lever
变速杆
**
tridem
六轮的（与tandem对比）
**
assembly
总成？？
**
undisclosed sum
未披露的金额
**
Eurobond
欧元债券
**
turnaround
回转
**
rocker arm
摇臂
**
clearance
间距
**
cross country vehicle (CCV)
越野车
**
fuel efficiency/economy
燃油效率（每加仑汽油英里数）gas mile standard
**
hybrid car
汽油、电动混合型车
**
fuel cell
电池型车
**
extraordinary items
非常项目
**
unusual expense (income)
非常规费用（收入）
**
minority interest
少数股权
**
equity in affiliates
附属公司权益
**
discontinued operations
停止经营部分补偿费用(与continuing operations比较）
**
diluted EPS
调整后/摊薄每股收益（指净利润除以年末普通股数，而（加权）每股收益则是指净利润除以年内的加权股数）；摊薄一般比加权收益低，但在回购情况下反而高。
**
amortization
摊销
**
Mkt Cap
总市值
**
52-wk range 52
周价格波动范围
**
capital lease obligations
资本性租赁下长期债务
**
debt vs liabilities
债务/负债
**
intermodal
联运的（各种交通方式混合的）
**
Pacific rim
太平洋周边地区
**
non-core assets
非核心资产
**
BOT build-operate-transfer (
项目融资；国内成为特许权融资方式）
**
Concession Agreement
特许权协议
**
freight forwarder
货运公司
**
legal proceedings
法律事项
**
wire fence
丝网栏杆
**
Stern Stewart
思腾思特公司
**
MVA
市场增加值(比较EVA）
**
TQM
全面质量管理total quality management
**
contra account
抵消科目
**
uncollectible account (bad debt, bad loan)
坏帐
**
allowance for doubtful accounts, provision for bad debts 坏帐准备
**
salvage (residual) value
残值
**
accumulated depreciation
累计折旧
**
accrued expenses
应付费用(注意与accounts payable的不同）
**
retained earnings (also called earned surplus or accumulated earnings or unappropriated profit)
保留盈余（又称未分配盈余、盈余公积、累计盈余或保留净利）Earnings not paid out as dividends but instead reinvested in the core business or used to pay off debt.
**
deferred tax
递延税项（指因为采取不同会计原则而造成实际应税所得和会计利润不等的情况，最常见的情况就是根据税法采取加速折旧法，而为了报表好看又采用直线折旧法，这样造成的税差就作为负债出现。也可以出现在净利润增加、所有制权益项目下。
**
Accrual Basis
权责发生制
**
General Ledger
总分类帐
**
Subsidiary Ledger
明细分类帐
**
full disclosure
全面披露
**
Allowance method
备抵法
**
write-off/-up/-down
对资产的记账方法，off是指将assets value记为expense，up和down是指增加或减少资产价值
**
Consignment
寄销
**
Inventory overages
存货盈余（与shortage对比）
**
Premium on bonds
债券溢价（discount折价）
**
Construction-in-process
在建工程
**
Units-of-production me
thod (UOP)
工作量法（计算折旧的一种方法）
**
Contingency
或有事项
**
loss/profit contingency
或有损失（或有利得）
**
additional paid-in capital
；Capital surplus;Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par; Premium on Common stock 资本公积（是相对于capital stock，即按面值计算的股价与实际发行额之间的差值）
**
Unrealized holding gains or losses
未实现的资产持有损益（即手中的股票的购买价与市价的差额）
**
consolidated financial statements
合并财务报表
**
deferred income tax liabilities
递延所得税负债（指某些所得税需要在日后支付）
**
contingent liabilities
或有负债(like potential legal claims, debt guarantees)
**
refund
退款
**
operating income
营业收入（相当于EBIT: earnings before interest payments and income tax; also called operating profit)
**
sales revenue
主营收入
**
advance
预付款
**
write down
（资产账面价值）降低
**
net of tax
扣除税的
**
hedging
套期保值
**
common size statement
共同比分析（以百分比来显示报表）
**
treasury share
是涉及到diluted common stock的一种算法
**
credit line
信用额度
**
working capital
营运资金（等于现有资产减去现有负债）; working capital cycle管理，等于是对working capital的各个方面，即存货、A/R，A/P等加以管理。Working capital ratio = (Inventory+A/P-A/R)/sales.
**
upfront
预付的，先期的
**
tax deductibility
避税
**
factoring
应收账款管理服务（有点类似L/C，保证销售方收到货款）factor即代理人。
**
credit insurance
信用保险（与factoring对比）
**
"securitization
证券化（有financing securitization和assets两种，前者即指直接发行债券等；后者相当于利用资产作抵押，置换成证券）对于assets securitization来说，If the asset only plays as a pledge and the payment source is still the whole business, then the cr **
private label
借助于其他（商铺）现成的服务/部件，打出自己的品牌；也可以采用co-branding的形式，即放弃自己的品牌，与合作方共用一个品牌；比如软件业中借助某个公用的东西，再自己定制一下，贴个牌就成了自己的产品，类似于OEM
**
off-balance sheet
表外处理
**
revolver (revolving credit facilities)
滚动借贷
**
term loan; term credit facility
见上
**
floor plan financing
为某种特定产品而融资
**
in-house counsel internal counsel,
公司自有律师
**
reorganization
重组（POR，重组计划）
**
fluid seal
流体密封
**
steering shafts
转向轴
mixer
混凝土搅拌车（heavy-duty vehicle的一种）
**
pinion
小齿轮
**
housing
外壳；壳体
**
leading time
订货到交货的时间；加工准备时间
**
inbound/outbound
向内/外出的
**
module
比chassis低一级的总成，比product高一级
**
speed to market
推想市场速度
**
suspension
悬架
**
LIBOR London InterBank Offered Rate(
伦敦同业拆放利率)，作为基本的利率，通常再加上一定百分比
**
ESOP (Employee Stock Ownership Plan)
员工持股计划（类似于MBO，不同之处在于是员工收购）
**
equity carve-out
切股 Sometimes known as a partial spinoff, a carve out occurs when a parent company sells a minority (usually 20% or less) stake in a subsidiary for an IPO or rights offering.
**
asset-backed securities (ABS)
资产抵押证券
**
loan originator
（sponsor?)
**
recourse
追索权
**
floating rate
浮动利率
**
marketability
流动性（变现性？）
**
zero-coupon bond
零息债券
土木工程外文文献及翻译
本科毕业设计 外文文献及译文 文献、资料题目：Designing Against Fire Of Building 文献、资料来源：国道数据库 文献、资料发表（出版）日期：2008.3.25 院（部）：土木工程学院 专业：土木工程 班级：土木辅修091 姓名：武建伟 学号：2008121008 指导教师：周学军、李相云 翻译日期： 20012.6.1
外文文献: Designing Against Fire Of Buliding John Lynch ABSTRACT: This paper considers the design of buildings for fire safety. It is found that fire and the associ- ated effects on buildings is significantly different to other forms of loading such as gravity live loads, wind and earthquakes and their respective effects on the building structure. Fire events are derived from the human activities within buildings or from the malfunction of mechanical and electrical equipment provided within buildings to achieve a serviceable environment. It is therefore possible to directly influence the rate of fire starts within buildings by changing human behaviour, improved maintenance and improved design of mechanical and electrical systems. Furthermore, should a fire develops, it is possible to directly influence the resulting fire severity by the incorporation of fire safety systems such as sprinklers and to provide measures within the building to enable safer egress from the building. The ability to influence the rate of fire starts and the resulting fire severity is unique to the consideration of fire within buildings since other loads such as wind and earthquakes are directly a function of nature. The possible approaches for designing a building for fire safety are presented using an example of a multi-storey building constructed over a railway line. The design of both the transfer structure supporting the building over the railway and the levels above the transfer structure are considered in the context of current regulatory requirements. The principles and assumptions associ- ated with various approaches are discussed. 1 INTRODUCTION Other papers presented in this series consider the design of buildings for gravity loads, wind and earthquakes.The design of buildings against such load effects is to a large extent covered by engineering based standards referenced by the building regulations. This is not the case, to nearly the same extent, in the
金融专业英语单词
金融专业英语单词内部编号：（YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128）
金融专业英语词汇大全 a flat percentage rate of income 统一比率的所得税税率 a long position 多头部位，利多形势 a long positio 多头寸；买进的期货合同 a put option on a debt security 债务证券的卖出期权 a sales slip 签购单据，售货清单 a short position 空头部位，短缺头寸 a short position 空头；卖出的期货合同 a tax return 税务申报表 abnormal depreciation 特别折旧abnormal spoilage 非 正常损坏 aboriginal cost 原始成本 acceptance bank 票 据承兑行 acceptance method 承兑方式 acceptance risks 承兑风险 accepting bank 承兑银行 accessory risks 附加保险，附加险 accident insurance 意外保险（不包括海 上，火灾和人寿险） accommodation of funds 资金融通 accompany vt. 附 带，伴随，陪同 account charges 账户费用 account current (A/C,a/c) 往来帐 户 account number (A/N) 帐号 account statement 帐户清单 accounting exposure 会计风险 accounting risks 会计风险 accounting value 帐面价值 accounts of assured 保险帐户 accrued bond interest 应计债券利息 accrued depreciation 应计折旧 accrued dividend 应计股利
轮机英语历年真题43期
中华人民共和国海事局 2007年第2期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第43期) 科目：轮机英语试卷代号：805 适用对象：无限、近洋航区3000KW及以上船舶二/三管轮 （本试卷卷面总分100分，及格分为70分，考试时间为100分钟） 答题说明：请选择一个最合适的答案，并将该答案按答题卡要求，在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。第1题至74题，每题1分，第75题至78题，每题1.5分,第79题至80题, 每题10分。 一、单项选择题 1.______ the engines, the diesel engine is ______ used engine on board. A. Between/more commonly B. Among/the most commonly C. Between/not more commonly D. Among/ not the most commonly 2.The average pressure exerted on a piston during each power stroke is termed ______. A. indicated horsepower B. mean effective pressure C. exhaust back pressure D. compression pressure 3.The cetane number rates fuels for diesel engines according to its ______. A. antiknock characteristics B. ignition qualities C. rates of vaporization D. viscosity 4.The time between injection and ignition of the fuel is known as ______. A. turbulence lag B. after burning ratio C. pre-ignition lag D. ignition delay 5.______ controls the fuel oil temperature in order to provide oil at the correct viscosity for combustion. A. The viscosity regulator B. The temperature controller C. The flow meter D. The pressure switch 6.Constant cooling the various components of diesel engine has a number of functions except for ______. A. good lubrication B. low thermal stress C. good mechanical properties D. acid corrosion 7. A device which functions to bring a diesel engine to a full stop to protect it from damage is known as a/an ______. A. torque limiter B. over-speed trip C. over-speed governor D. load limit governor 8.Engine speeds at which resonance can occur are termed ______. A. maximum speeds B. full speeds C. sea speeds D. critical speeds 9.Prolonged operation of a diesel engine with a closed cooling water system at lower than normal designed operating temperatures can ______. A. increase power output B. decrease lube oil viscosity C. eliminate fuel knock D. cause sulfuric acid formation 10.______ on a ship transmits power from the engine to the propeller. A. The automatic control system B. The speed regularly system C. The transmission system D. The compression air system 11.In a _____ boiler the hot gases from the furnace pass through the tubes while the water is on the outside. A. water-tube B. fire-tube C. exhaust gas D. composite 12.The fuel supply system to an automatic auxiliary boiler, will be automatically shutdown if the boiler ______. A.salinity is abnormally B.high steam demand is too high C.feed-water flow is low D.water level is abnormally low 13.The water in a steaming auxiliary boiler should be tested daily for ______. A. dissolved oxygen B. chlorides C. sludge D. dissolved nitrogen 14.Ignition failure in an automatically controlled auxiliary boiler could be caused by ______. A. carbon deposits on the flame scanner B. high fuel oil temperature C. low fuel oil viscosity D. high steam pressure 15.The concentration of total dissolved solids in the water of an auxiliary boiler can increase as a result of ______. A. seawater contamination B. frequent surface blows C. dissolved oxygen de-aeration D. frequent bottom blows
ASP外文翻译原文
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土木工程外文文献翻译
专业资料 学院： 专业：土木工程 姓名： 学号： 外文出处：Structural Systems to resist (用外文写) Lateral loads 附件：1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文 抗侧向荷载的结构体系 常用的结构体系 若已测出荷载量达数千万磅重，那么在高层建筑设计中就没有多少可以进行极其复杂的构思余地了。确实，较好的高层建筑普遍具有构思简单、表现明晰的特点。 这并不是说没有进行宏观构思的余地。实际上，正是因为有了这种宏观的构思，新奇的高层建筑体系才得以发展，可能更重要的是：几年以前才出现的一些新概念在今天的技术中已经变得平常了。 如果忽略一些与建筑材料密切相关的概念不谈，高层建筑里最为常用的结构体系便可分为如下几类： 1.抗弯矩框架。 2.支撑框架，包括偏心支撑框架。 3.剪力墙，包括钢板剪力墙。 4.筒中框架。 5.筒中筒结构。 6.核心交互结构。 7. 框格体系或束筒体系。 特别是由于最近趋向于更复杂的建筑形式，同时也需要增加刚度以抵抗几力和地震力，大多数高层建筑都具有由框架、支撑构架、剪力墙和相关体系相结合而构成的体系。而且，就较高的建筑物而言，大多数都是由交互式构件组成三维陈列。 将这些构件结合起来的方法正是高层建筑设计方法的本质。其结合方式需要在考虑环境、功能和费用后再发展，以便提供促使建筑发展达到新高度的有效结构。这并
不是说富于想象力的结构设计就能够创造出伟大建筑。正相反，有许多例优美的建筑仅得到结构工程师适当的支持就被创造出来了，然而，如果没有天赋甚厚的建筑师的创造力的指导，那么，得以发展的就只能是好的结构，并非是伟大的建筑。无论如何，要想创造出高层建筑真正非凡的设计，两者都需要最好的。 虽然在文献中通常可以见到有关这七种体系的全面性讨论，但是在这里还值得进一步讨论。设计方法的本质贯穿于整个讨论。设计方法的本质贯穿于整个讨论中。 抗弯矩框架 抗弯矩框架也许是低，中高度的建筑中常用的体系，它具有线性水平构件和垂直构件在接头处基本刚接之特点。这种框架用作独立的体系，或者和其他体系结合起来使用，以便提供所需要水平荷载抵抗力。对于较高的高层建筑，可能会发现该本系不宜作为独立体系，这是因为在侧向力的作用下难以调动足够的刚度。 我们可以利用STRESS，STRUDL 或者其他大量合适的计算机程序进行结构分析。所谓的门架法分析或悬臂法分析在当今的技术中无一席之地，由于柱梁节点固有柔性，并且由于初步设计应该力求突出体系的弱点，所以在初析中使用框架的中心距尺寸设计是司空惯的。当然，在设计的后期阶段，实际地评价结点的变形很有必要。 支撑框架 支撑框架实际上刚度比抗弯矩框架强，在高层建筑中也得到更广泛的应用。这种体系以其结点处铰接或则接的线性水平构件、垂直构件和斜撑构件而具特色，它通常与其他体系共同用于较高的建筑，并且作为一种独立的体系用在低、中高度的建筑中。
金融专业英语及翻译
Opposite指“位置、方向、地位、性质、意义等对立的、相反的”, 如: 如: “True” and “ false ” have opposite meanings. “真”与“假”有着相反的意思。 Contrary指“两物朝相反的方向发展”, 含有“互相冲突, 不一致”的意思, 如: Your plan is contrary to mine. 你的计划与我的相反。 Inverse 颠倒的；倒数的 Evil is the inverse of good. Reverse 反过来，翻转 He reversed the car. 他倒车. 教育类 素质教育 education for all-round development 应试教育 the examination-oriented education 义务教育 compulsory education 片面追求升学率 place undue emphasis on the proportion of students' entering school of a higher level 高分低能 good scores but low qualities 扩招 expand enrollment 教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude 提高身心素质 improve the health and psychological quality 大学生创业 the university students' innovative undertaking 社会实践 social practice 文凭 diplomas and certificates 复合型人才 interdisciplinary talents 文化底蕴 the rich cultural deposits 适应社会的改变 adjust to the social changes 满足社会的急需 meet the urgent needs the society 工作类 人才流动和双向选择 talent flow and a dual-way selection 试用期 probationary period 跳槽 job-hopping 自由职业 freelance work 拜金主义 money worship 获得名利 achieve fame and wealth 充分发挥个人的潜力 develop fully one's potential and creativity 工作出色 excel in one's work 社会和个人的尊重 social and personal esteem 生计问题 a bread and butter issue 人才交流 talents exchange 培养人才 cultivate talents 人才外流 brain drain 失业问题 unemployment problems 下岗职工 the laid-off workers 自谋生路 be self-employed 劳动力短缺 shortage of manpower 医药卫生类 卫生环境 sanitary environment 营养不良 malnutrition
轮机英语最新题库第二部分
5.2 MARPOL73/78 公约 5.2.1 MARPOL73/78 公约中有关含油污水的排放规则 3192. If it becomes necessary to pump bilges while a vessel is in port, which of the following procedures should be followed? A. Pump only if the discharge is led to a shore tank or barge. B. Pump only during the hours of darkness. C. Pump only on the outgoing tide. D. Pump only as much as is necessary. 3193. The scuppers should be plugged _____. A. only if fixed containment is not used B. only if portable containment is not used C. only if fixed containment drains are open D. whenever the vessel is being bunkered 3194. When discharging bilge water, which criteria must be observed? A. The requirement for the oil content of bilge water discharged is 15 ppm. B. No discharge in sensitive waters. C. Any discharge in sensitive waters. D. International, national or local requirements have to be observed. 3195. When bilge water is heated in a holding tank, which one of the following statements is not accurate? A. The relative high temperature facilitates primary gravity separation. B. Most of the oil and organic solvents are raised to the top layer. C. The relative high the temperature is, the top oil will be collected. D. The normal high temperature has little use on the separation of emulsified oil. 3196. If an oil spill occurs on deck, you should _____. A. cover the area with foam B. cover the area with absorbent material C. wash down immediately with a fire hose D. wash down immediately with an oil dispersing solvent 3197. Which of the following methods might favor oil emulsion in bilge water? A. Raising temperature. B. Less use of surfactant C. More use of solvent.
毕业设计外文翻译原文.
Optimum blank design of an automobile sub-frame Jong-Yop Kim a ,Naksoo Kim a,*,Man-Sung Huh b a Department of Mechanical Engineering,Sogang University,Shinsu-dong 1,Mapo-ku,Seoul 121-742,South Korea b Hwa-shin Corporation,Young-chun,Kyung-buk,770-140,South Korea Received 17July 1998 Abstract A roll-back method is proposed to predict the optimum initial blank shape in the sheet metal forming process.The method takes the difference between the ?nal deformed shape and the target contour shape into account.Based on the method,a computer program composed of a blank design module,an FE-analysis program and a mesh generation module is developed.The roll-back method is applied to the drawing of a square cup with the ˉange of uniform size around its periphery,to con?rm its validity.Good agreement is recognized between the numerical results and the published results for initial blank shape and thickness strain distribution.The optimum blank shapes for two parts of an automobile sub-frame are designed.Both the thickness distribution and the level of punch load are improved with the designed blank.Also,the method is applied to design the weld line in a tailor-welded blank.It is concluded that the roll-back method is an effective and convenient method for an optimum blank shape design.#2000Elsevier Science S.A.All rights reserved. Keywords:Blank design;Sheet metal forming;Finite element method;Roll-back method
土木工程专业外文文献及翻译
（ 二 〇 一 二 年 六 月 外文文献及翻译 题 目： About Buiding on the Structure Design 学生姓名： 学 院：土木工程学院 系 别：建筑工程系 专 业：土木工程(建筑工程方向) 班 级：土木08-4班 指导教师：
英文原文： Building construction concrete crack of prevention and processing Abstract The crack problem of concrete is a widespread existence but again difficult in solve of engineering actual problem, this text carried on a study analysis to a little bit familiar crack problem in the concrete engineering, and aim at concrete the circumstance put forward some prevention, processing measure. Keyword:Concrete crack prevention processing Foreword Concrete's ising 1 kind is anticipate by the freestone bone, cement, water and other mixture but formation of the in addition material of quality brittleness not and all material.Because the concrete construction transform with oneself, control etc. a series problem, harden model of in the concrete existence numerous tiny hole, spirit cave and tiny crack, is exactly because these beginning start blemish of existence just make the concrete present one some not and all the characteristic of quality.The tiny crack is a kind of harmless crack and accept concrete heavy, defend Shen and a little bit other use function not a creation to endanger.But after the concrete be subjected to lotus carry, difference in temperature etc. function, tiny crack would continuously of expand with connect, end formation we can see without the
11规则大连海事最新轮机英语题库翻译3
11规则大连海事最新轮机英语题库翻译（三） 作者：系统管理员来源：发布时间： [2014-02-25] 点击数： 683 1.2.2 1. A diesel engine is similar to a gasoline engine except that the former has no ______. A. piston B. connecting rod C. cylinder D. spark plug D柴油机与汽油机相似除了柴油机没有火花塞 2. Fuel oil begins to inject into the cylinder of a four-stroke diesel engine during the _____. A. intake stroke B. exhaust stroke C. power stroke D. compression stroke D燃油开始喷射进入柴油机气缸是在压缩冲程末 3. Oil for piston cooling is delivered through rod to a compartment in the piston heat, then distributed as a result of piston motion, and finally drained to the crankcase through one or more holes or pipes; this procedure is known as the _____. A. splash method B. spray method C. shaker method D. throw-off method C活塞冷却油通过活塞杆进入一个空间，由于活塞的往复运动，将通过一些小孔管加热，分配最后排放冷却油到曲轴箱，这个过程被称为震荡冷却 4. Successful combustion inside the cylinders of a diesel engine depend upon______. A. fine atomization B. high temperature C. good mixing of fuel and air D. any one of the other alternatives D柴油机气缸内完全燃烧取决于良好雾化，高温，以及燃油空气的良好混合 5. The function of diesel engine valve springs is to ______. A. hold the valves open B. keep the valves off their seats until the exhaust stroke is completed C. close the valves D. open inlet valves when the air injection cycle begins C 柴油机阀件弹簧的作用是关闭阀 6. Cast iron pistons used in large propulsion diesel engines are constructed with_____. A. no taper B. the skirt being tapered and smaller than the crown C. the skirt being tapered and larger than the crown D. the crown being tapered and smaller than the skirt D 使用在大型推进装置的铸铁活塞的建造是使用活塞头呈锥面，并且小于活塞裙
英文翻译与英文原文.陈--
翻译文献：INVESTIGATION ON DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF SLIDE UNIT IN MODULAR MACHINE TOOL （对组合机床滑台动态性能的调查报告） 文献作者：Peter Dransfield, 出处：Peter Dransfield, Hydraulic Control System-Design and Analysis of TheirDynamics, Springer-Verlag, 1981 翻译页数：p139—144 英文译文： 对组合机床滑台动态性能的调查报告 【摘要】这一张纸处理调查利用有束缚力的曲线图和状态空间分析法对组合机床滑台的滑动影响和运动平稳性问题进行分析与研究，从而建立了滑台的液压驱动系统一自调背压调速系统的动态数学模型。通过计算机数字仿真系统，分析了滑台产生滑动影响和运动不平稳的原因及主要影响因素。从那些中可以得出那样的结论，如果能合理地设计液压缸和自调背压调压阀的结构尺寸. 本文中所使用的符号如下： s1-流源，即调速阀出口流量； S el—滑台滑动摩擦力 R一滑台等效粘性摩擦系数： I1—滑台与油缸的质量 12—自调背压阀阀心质量 C1、c2—油缸无杆腔及有杆腔的液容； C2—自调背压阀弹簧柔度； R1, R2自调背压阀阻尼孔液阻， R9—自调背压阀阀口液阻 S e2—自调背压阀弹簧的初始预紧力； I4, I5—管路的等效液感 C5、C6—管路的等效液容： R5, R7-管路的等效液阻； V3, V4—油缸无杆腔及有杆腔内容积； P3, P4—油缸无杆腔及有杆腔的压力 F—滑台承受负载， V—滑台运动速度。本文采用功率键合图和状态空间分折法建立系统的运动数学模型，滑台的动态特性可以能得到显著改善。
金融专业英语
1.The 3 main functions of commercial banks: the creation of money accomplished through lending and investing activities the holding of deposits the provision of a mechanism for payments and transfers of funds 2.What are negotiable instruments? Negotiable Instruments are documents used in commerce to represent the ownership and secure the payment of money. 3.Why do we need negotiable instruments when making payments? Paying large sums of money in cash is inconvenient and risky. Negotiable Instruments such as Bills of Exchange, Cheques and Promissory Notes are wildly used as instruments in the international settlement. They represent a right to payment. A right is a promise and not a tangible piece of property. 4.What is a crossing? It is a direction to the paying bank that the money proceeds should be paid to the payee’s bank and not directly to the payee himself. General crossings: consisting of two transverse parallel lines across the face of the cheque. Special crossings: consisting of the name of a particular bank to which payment must be made, and the name itself is the crossing. 5.What is the most important difference between bills of exchange and promissory notes? 6.Why debit cards are named as “debit”cards? The amount of the purchase is immediately debited from the account and no credit is involved. 7. fiduciary /fi‘dju:?i?ri/ a. 受托的n.受托人 A company director owes a fiduciary duty to the company 7.The three most-commonly used means of international settlement: remittance collection documentary credit The other two means: standby L/C & bonds 9.A documentary collection gives greater security than settlement on open account, because the importer cannot take possession of the goods without either making payment or accepting a bill of exchange. The banks concerned are under no obligation to pay. 10.Can the exporter be sure at the time of dispatch of the goods that the buyer will actually pay the sum owed? No. So this form of settlement is therefore most appropriate in the following cases: if the exporter has no doubt about the buyer’s willingness and ability to pay; if the political, economic and legal environment in the importing country is considered to be stable;