物流工程外文文献翻译

建设与管理工程学院

本科生毕业设计（论文）

英文翻译

学生姓名：陈玮易

学号：312012*********

专业：物流管理

年级：2012级

指导教师：潘恒

日期：2016年4月15日

建设与管理工程学院制

基于SLP的物流中心布局研究

Yannan Liu & Qilan Zhao

陈玮易

2012级、物流管理，陈玮易，312012*********

原文摘要：Systematic layout planning (SLP) has been widely applied to the production system, but not to the service system. Combined with the goals, influencing factors, and conditions of logistics center layout, this paper probes into the application of SLP to the layout of the rapidly increasing logistics centers in large- and medium-sized cities in recent years. According to the logistics relationship and nonlogistics relationship between work units in the logistics center, the author decides the position of work units and maps out the initial position relationship chart. Through further amendments and adjustment based on the move line and other factors, the author gets the feasible layout plan. Finally, this paper uses a medicine logistics center in Jiangsu Province as an example to design, analyze, and evaluate for the purpose of providing some theoretical basis and method for reference in the service system layout.

基于SLP的物流中心布局研究

Yannan Liu 和Qilan Zhao

摘要：系统布局规划（SLP）已被广泛应用于生产系统，而不是服务于系统的。结合目标，影响因素和物流中心布局的条件，探讨了近年来大中小城市应用SLP 物流中心的布局的急剧增加。根据物流关系和非运销在物流中心之间的工作单位的关系，作者决定根据工作单位的位置，绘制出初始位置关系图。通过基于移动线及其他因素进一步修正和调整，笔者得到可行的布局规划。最后，本文以江苏省医药物流中心为例，对其进行了设计、分析、评价，为服务体系布局提供一定的理论依据和方法参考。

关键词：SLP 物流中心布局设计

2.1引言

自进入二十一世纪，物流产业在中国得到了迅速的成长，物流中心的数量也急剧增加。全国各地许多大型和中型城市正计划设立物流中心。物流中心是综合性的，大量材料区域性集中，它是一个中介于生产和销售之间的的企业，整合了商品流，物流，信息流和现金流。物流中心的合理布局获得了越来越多的关注，这也是许多学者研究的热点。

首先，人们用他们的经验和感觉去设计物流中心。在上世纪50年代，从传统的小系统到大的复杂系统的开发，只有经验是很难设计物流中心的。因此，与不同学科的融合发展，系统工程的概念和系统的分析方法已经在布局规划中使用，以及一些更先进的设计方法已经逐渐显露。其中最具代表性的方法是在1961年由美国的R.Muther提出系统布局规划（SLP）。设施布局问题研究是在SLP 的基础上从定性的阶段发展到定量阶段。SLP也被广泛应用于各种生产系统和服务的系统。最后，它提高了SLP的水平。

2.2目标，影响因素和物流中心布局的条件

2.2.1物流中心布局的目标

确定物流中心的位置后，物流中心布局的总体目标是使物流活动过程中的人员、设备和物质空间处于最合适的分配和最有效的组合。具体目标可以是物流总成本最小，工作单位间彼此接近关系密切，简化运输路线，缩短相似工作单位之间的距离，避免迂回运输等等。

2.2.2物流中心布局的影响因素

布局设计对生产性能或服务系统的性能有显着影响。对于一个物流中心，其布局对物流，信息流，物流运作效率，成本，以及整个系统的安全性有直接影响。所以，对物流中心布局的影响因素如下：

1.物流中心的性质和功能。由于物流中心的性质和功能不同，所以选择设备种类和数量是不同的。物流中心的规模和布局也不一样。据其核心功能，物流中心有三种类型：中转物流中心，仓储物流中心，配送物流中心。

2.物流中心的基本操作流程。物流中心的主要活动是采购、仓储、配送、流通加工、包装、返回等。其操作过程对人员，设备和物流路线有影响。

3.工作单位之间的物流关系和非物流关系。物流的关系是，有工作单位之间的物流联系。与人际交往、行政事务等活动可以表示为工作单位之间的非物流关系。关系紧密程度高的工作单位应相互靠近。

2.2.3SLP在布局物流中心的适用条件

在适用于SLP物流中心布局需要明确的5个基本要素，即P（物流产品），Q（物流量）、R（物流路线）、S（服务部门），和T（物流作业时间或技术）。前两个基本要素是最重要的。不同的物流产品对仓储、装卸、物流等物流活动有不同的要求。最终，它会导致不同的物流路线。更为不同的是，采用不同的物流设备和技术，决定了物流运作的时间。物流中心的工作数量反映所有单位的物流强度；物流路线、距离、和物流强度的影响，这反映在物流成本与效率。因此，SLP可以在基于物流产品类别，物流量和其它因素物流中心的布局中使用。2.3基于SLP布局的主要步骤

在SLP的引导下，第一个步骤是使用量化的方法来分析工作单位之间的物流关系和非物流关系，然后找到工作单位之间重复的关系。工作单位之间的密切程度决定了工作单位之间的距离。根据这个我们可以安排它的位置。通过进一步的修改和调整，根据移动线路等因素，我们可以得到可行的布局方案。具体布局程序如下。

2.3.1物流操作流程和工作单位的设置

物流中心的主要活动是采购、仓储、配送、流通加工、包装、返回等。在规划设计之前，必须明确物流的主要运作流程。然后，我们分析了相应的P，Q，R，S和T的元素。根据分析，我们可以划分工作单位。

2.3.2工作单位之间的相关分析

用物流强度来描述工作单位之间的物流关系是合理的。物流强度分为五个行列：A，E，I，O和U，如表2.1所示。我们可以使用由R.Muther提出的关系紧

密程度来形容工作单位之间的非物流关系。如果两个单位有活动频繁，他们的关系亲密程度高，反之亦然。首先，关系密切程度分为六个等级：A，E，I，O，U和X，如表2.2所示。然后，列出密切的关系（见表2.3）的原因。利用这些信息，我们可以确定工作单位之间的相关性。根据相关度越高，距离越近。

2.3.3工作单位之间的综合关联分析

整合物流关系和非物流关系。根据每个关系的一定的权重，计算工作单元i 和工作单位j (i, j = 1, 2,…, n和j ≠i)之间的复合相关性。

表2.1物流强度等级

表2.2关系密切程度的分类

2.3.4确定所有工作单位的相对位置，并最终得到可行的布置方案

设计一个物流中心的布局,第一步不是直接考虑占地面积和所有的工作单位的形状,而是考虑单位之间的复合相关性。如果两个工作单位的复合相关性较高，它们之间的距离更短，反之亦然。在布局过程中，根据序列的综合相关度，定位不同的工作单元。如果有些工作单位在同一水平上,我们用分数决定他们的相对位置。

根据上面的步骤,我们可以得到初步的理论位置的单位,然后,我们得到最终可行的布局计划通过进一步修改和调整根据实际面积,移动,和其他因素。

2.4案例分析

本文以医药物流中心为例，根据药品物流、移动路线、实际地面条件，设计并分析其特点。本文合理划分各功能区，解决问题的撤离，节约土地，符合有关规定，旨在验证可行性和SLP合理性。

2.4.1商业背景

Y医药物流中心位于江苏省，是一个第三方医药物流企业。它主要提供药品交易平台，采购、储存、拣选、包装、配送、信息处理、和许多进入企业的增值服务。物流中心计划覆盖125个区域的单位。其建筑面积为180000平方米，仓储

面积约为80000平方米。医药物流中心有其自身的特点。药品可以分为三种类型，

即常温药，需要冷藏的药品和精神药品。这三种类型的药物必须分开存放，使用不同的存储设施，并给予不同的关注。因此本文将医药物流中心分为以下几个工作单位。

（1）工作区；（2）到达分拣区；（3）自动存储/检索系统（AS / RS）；（4）冷藏区；（5）精神药品储存区；（6）拣货区；（7）包装加工区；（8）收集和发布；和（9）服务区。

2.4.2 SLP的应用

1.分析物流关系（见图

2.1）和非关系的物流（见图2.2）工作单位之间。

2.测定的物流关系和非物流关系的相对重要性。Y的医药物流中心，两个关系的权重为1：1。

3.量化物流强度等级和非物流关系的紧密程度。通常情况下，A = 4，E = 3，I = 2，O = 1，U = 0，X = -1。

4.当的工作单元的数量是N，可以使用以下等式来计算的总匹配数：P = N（N - 1）/ 2。在这里，N = 9 SOP = 36。

5.计算工作单位之间的复合关系（见表2.4）。

6.切换复合相关分数（见表2.4）到复合关联密切程度等级（参见表2.5）。然后，绘制复合相关图表（参见图2.3）。

7.确定所有的工作单位的相对位置。根据图2.3，工作单位的复合物的相关性越高，它们的距离越短（见图2.4）。

8.分析移动线。物流中心的移动线因不同的土地和物流产品而不同。有五种类型,即I, L, U, O,和S。I型是最简单的，它适用于矩形物流中心的入口到出口。S型是最复杂的，很适用于安排一个很长的物流路线。Y医药物流中心是接近长方形。Y医药物流中心的主要活动是备货，仓储，分拣，包装，配送，信息处理等诸多增值服务。为此，本文拟设计Y医药物流中心L型与U型组合（见图2.5）。9.最终可行的布局方案。调整后,最终布置图见图2.6。

图2.1工作单位之间的物流关系

图2.2工作单位之间的非物流关系表2.4复合单位之间的相关性

工作单位配

对

关系密切程度

综合物流相关物流关系非物流关系

等级分数等级分数分数等级

1–2U0U00U 1–3U0U00U

表2.5复合相关密切程度等级

图2.3综合相关图表

计划1

计划2

图2.4工作单位的相对位置

图2.5移动线路

图2.6最后的布局图

2.4.3评估

通过对九个主要工作单位的划分，设计了医药物流中心，考虑了物流与非物流的关系。。所以最终可行的布局计划是全面的。更重要的是，Y医药物流中心的主要活动是备货，仓储，分拣，包装，配送，信息处理和许多增值服务。它的储存区域是约80000平方米，因此，我们把三个仓库几乎在考虑仓库的布局优先原则的中间。这有利于快速接触其他周边地区,也有助于提高物流中心的运作效率。同时,仓库的分类有助于不同客户不同的存储需求。还有足够的空间调整,大大提高存储系统的灵活性。Y医药物流中心的移动路线设计，结结合单位的布局和的原则，避免迂回运输的原则，能很好地保证物流畅通的活动。不同的存储也可以使用不同的移动线路。

2.5结论

本文着重于物流中心的布局,提出了利用SLP物流中心的布局设计,并增加了移动线分析。通过本文的分析,主要结论如下。

物流中心布局的总体目标是使物流活动过程中的人员、设备、材料和空间处于最合适的配置和最有效的组合。同时,物流中心布局的主要影响因素的性质、功能、基本操作流程的物流中心,物流关系,非物流关系单位之间的关系。通过案

例分析,在明确P,Q,R,S和T元素情况下,它是在物流中心的布局时使用的SLP是可行和合理的。

它为物流中心布局问题的研究提供了一个很好的参考依据。有必要指出的一些局限性和不足。当绘制的工作单位图的相对位置时，人们必须不断的调整和修改计划以满足相应的条件。更重要的是,不同的设计师的方式解决冲突可能会导致不同的设计方案。如何使用计算机仿真技术来比较方案得到布局计划和其他计划是我们的一个未来的研究方向。

参考文献

1.Xue S (2006) Study on medicinal logistic center design and simulation. Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan

2.Liu W, Lan P (2006) Improvement of systematic layout planning. Logist Technol 10: 82–85

3.Shuqin W, Wei L (2008) Layout planning with a controlling structure to logistics parks. In: IEEE international conference on automation and logistics. Qingdao, China, 2039–2043

4. Dong Q (2008) Logistics engineering, vol 41, 2nd edn. China Communications Press, Beijing, p 254, 267

5. Zhang J (2008) Study on logistics center facility layout design based on multi-objective programming. Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu

6. Yang T, Kuo C (2003) A hierarchical AHP/DEA methodology for the facilities layout design problem. Eur J Oper Res 147:128–136

7. Chen J (2009) Steel logistics park layout planning based on SLP. Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 8. Li J (2009) The application of SLP in logistics center general layout planning. Modern Economics, 8(3):21

学生：签字：年月日

指导教师：签字：年月日

英文原文

Research on Logistics Center Layout Based on SLP

Yannan Liu and Qilan Zhao

Abstract Systematic layout planning (SLP) has been widely applied to the production system, but not to the service system. Combined with the goals, influencing factors, and conditions of logistics center layout, this paper probes into the application of SLP to the layout of the rapidly increasing logistics centers in large- andmedium-sized cities in recent years. According to the logistics relationship and nonlogistics relationship between work units in the logistics center, the author decidesthe position of work units and maps out the initial position relationship chart.Through further amendments and adjustment based on the move line and other factors, the author gets the feasible layout plan. Finally, this paper uses a medicine logistics center in Jiang su Province as an example to design, analyze, and evaluate for the purpose of providing some theoretical basis and method for reference in the service system layout.

Keywords；SLP Logistics center Layout Design

2.1 Introduction

Since entering the twenty-first century, the logistic industry in China has been rapidly growing up and the number of logistics centers has increased dramatically.Many large- and medium-sized cities across the country are planning to set up logistics centers. Logistics center is a comprehensive, regional concentration of large quantities of materials, and it is an intermediary between production and marketing enterprises, integrating commodity flow, logistics, information flow, and cash flow . The reasonable layout of logistics centers has taken more and more attention, and it is also the research focus of many scholars.

At first, people use their experience and feeling to design the logistics centers. In the 1950s, developed from the traditional small systems to big and complex systems,it is difficult to design the logistics centers only with experience. And so, with the integration development of the diverse discipline, the system engineering concept and system analysis method have been used in layout planning , and some more advanced design methods have gradually emerged. One of the most representative methods is systematic layout planning (SLP) proposed by American R. Muther in 1961. Study on facilities layout problem is developed from qualitative stage to quantitative stage on the basis of SLP . SLP is also widely applied to various production systems and service systems . Finally, it improves to move line SLP.

2.2 The Goals, Influencing Factors, and Conditions of Logistics Center Layout

2.2.1 The Goals of Logistics Center Layout

After determining the location of a logistics center, the overall goal of logistics center layout is to make the personnel, equipment, and material space in the logistics activity process be in the most appropriate allocation and the most effective combination . The specific goals can be the minimum total cost of material flow, work units1 of high relationship close degree close to each other, simplifying transport routes, shortening.

2.2.2 Influencing Factors of Logistics Center Layout

Layout design has a significant effect on a production performance or service system performance.For a logistics center, its layout has direct influence on logistics, information flow, the logistics operation efficiency, cost, and safety of the whole system. So the influencing factors of logistics center layout are as follows:

1.The nature and function of a logistics center. Because the nature and function of the logistics centers is different, it is different to choose equipment type and quantity. The size and layout of logistics centers are also not the same.According to its core function, the logistics center has three

types: transit logistics center, storage logistics center, and distribution logistics center.

2.The basic operation process of a logistics center. The main activities of the logistics center are purchasing, warehousing, distribution, circulation processing, packing, returning, and so on . The operation process has an influence on the move line of personnel, equipment, and material. To realize the efficient logistics, the basic operation process of a logistics center should be in consideration when layout designing.

3.Logistics relationship and non-logistics relationship between work units. Logistics relationship is that there is logistics contact between work units. And interpersonal contact, administrative affairs, and other activities can be expressed as non-logistics relationship between work units. Work units of high relationship close degree should be close to each other.

2.2.3 Application Conditions of SLP in the Layout of Logistics Center

It is necessary to specify five basic elements, namely P (logistics products), Q (logistics quantity), R (logistics routes), S (service sectors), and T (logistics operation time or technology) before applying SLP to logistics center layout. The first two basic elements are the most important. Different logistics products have different demands on storage, loading, and other logistics activities. Ultimately, it leads to different logistics routes. What is more, using different logistics equipment and technology determines logistics operation time. The work quantity of the logistics center reflects the logistics intensity of all work units; logistics routes, distance, and logistics intensity have an influence on layout, which is reflected in the logistics cost and efficiency . Therefore, SLP can be used in the layout of a logistics center based on logistics product category, logistics quantity, and other factors.

2.3 The Main Steps of Layout Based on SLP

Under the guidance of SLP, the first step is to use quantification method to analyze the logistics relationship and non-logistics relationship between work units and then to get the composite correlation between work units. The close degree relationship between work units determines the distance between work units. According to that, we can arrange its location. Through further amendments and adjustment based on the move line and other factors, we can get the feasible layout plan. The specific layout procedure is as follows.

2.3.1 Logistics Operation Process and Work Units’ Settings

The main activities of the logistics center are purchasing, warehousing, distribution,circulation processing, packing, returning, and so on. It is necessary to make clear the main logistics operation process before layout designing. And then, we analyze the corresponding P, Q, R, S, and T elements. Based on the analysis, we can divide the work units.

2.3.2 Interrelation Analysis Between Work Units

It is reasonable to describe the logistics relationship between work units by logistics intensity. Logistics intensity is divided into five ranks: A, E, I, O, and U, as shown in Table 2.1.

We can use relationship close degree proposed by R. Muther to describe the nonlogistics relationship between work units. If two work units have frequent activity, their relationship close degree is high and vice versa. First, the relationship close degree is divided into six levels: A, E, I, O, U, and X, as shown in Table 2.2.

Then, list the reason for close relationship (see Table 2.3). Using these two kinds of information, we can determine the correlation between work units. According to the correlation, the higher the degree is, the closer their distance is.

2.3.3 The Composite Correlation Analysis Between Work Units

Integrate the logistics relationship and the non-logistics relationship. According to the certain weight of each relationship, calculate the composite correlation between work unit i and work unit j (i, j = 1, 2,…, n and j ≠ i).

Table 2.1 Logistics intensity rank

Table 2.2 The classification of relationship close degree

Table 2.3 The reason for close relationship

2.3.4 Determine the Relative Position of All the Work Units and Get the Final

Feasible Layout Plan

To design a logistics center layout, the first step is not directly considering the floor space and shape of all the work units but the composite correlation between work units. If two work units’ composite correlation is high, their distance is shorter and vice versa. During the layout, according to the composite correlation degree in sequence, we locate different work units. If some work units are at the same level,we determine their relative position by scores.

According to the above steps, we can get the preliminary theory position of all work units, and then, we get the final feasible layout plan through further amendments and adjustment based on the actual area, move line, and other factors.

2.4 Case Analysis

This paper uses a medicine logistics center as an example to design and analyze according to the characteristics of medicine logistics, move line, and the actual ground condition. This paper rationally divides each function areas, solves the evacuating problem, saves land, meets the relevant regulations, and aims to verify the feasibility and rationality SLP.

2.4.1 Business Background

Y medicine logistics center located in Jiang su Province is a third-party medicine logistics enterprise. It mainly provides a medicine trading platform, stocking, storage, picking, packing, distribution, information processing, and many valueadded services for entering enterprises. The logistics center plans to cover 125 units of area. Its construction area is 180,000 m2, and its storage area is about 80,000 m2.

Medicine logistics center has its own characteristics. Medicines can be divided into three types, namely the normal drugs at room temperature, some medicines requiring refrigeration, and psychiatric drugs. These three types of drugs must be stored separately using different storage facilities and paid different attention to. So this paper divides Y medicine logistics center into several work units as follows.

(1) office area; (2) arrival and sorting area; (3) automatic storage/retrieval system(AS/RS); (4) cold storage; (5) psychiatric drugs storage; (6) picking area; (7)packing and processing area; (8) gathering and distribution; and (9) service sectors.

2.4.2 Application of SLP

1. Analyzing the logistics relationship (see Fig.

2.1) and non-logistics relationship (see Fig. 2.2) between work units.

2. Determining the relative importance of logistics relationship and non-logistics relationship. For Y medicine logistics center, the weight of two relationships is 1:1.

3. Quantifying the logistics intensity rank and the non-logistics relationship close degree. Usually, A

= 4, E = 3, I = 2, O = 1, U = 0, X = ?1.

4. When the number of work units is N, the total matching number can be calculated using the following equation: P = N(N ? 1)/2. Here, N = 9 so P = 36.

5. Calculating the composite correlation between work units (see Table 2.4).

6. Switching the composite correlation scores (see Table 2.4) to the composite correlation close degree rank (see Table 2.5). Then, drawing the composite correlation chart (see Fig. 2.3).

7. Determining the relative position of all the work units. According to Fig. 2.3, the higher the work units’ composite correlation is, the shorter their distance is (see Fig. 2.4).

8. Analyzing the move line. The move lines of the logistics centers are different for their different land areas and logistics products. There are five types, namely I,L, U, O, and S. Type I is the most simple, and it is suitable for the rectangular logistics center whose entrance is to the exit. Type S is the most complex, and it is suitable to arrange a long logistics route. Y medicine logistics center is nearrectangular.The main activities of Y medicine logistics center are stocking,storage, picking, packing, distribution, information processing,and many valueadded services. So this paper intends to design Y medicine logistics center combining type L with type U (see Fig. 2.5).

9. The final feasible layout plan. After adjustment, the final layout plan is shown in Fig. 2.6.

外文翻译-小额信贷

2010届毕业生毕业论文 外 文 翻 译 姓名： 院（系）： 专业班级： 学号： 指导老师： 成绩:

小额信贷是否帮助穷人？ ——孟加拉国旗舰计划所带来的新证据 摘要：小额信贷运动使金融中介机构得到了创新，同样使贫困家庭减少了贷款的成本和风险。孟加拉国乡村银行的小额信贷机制已经在全世界得到推广。虽然小额贷款机制的目的是为客户带来社会和经济效益，但是通过其获得一定量的利益的尝试已经开始实施了。本文借鉴一个新调查来研究小额信贷是是否真正的帮助穷人，该调查覆盖面近1800个家庭，其中部分家庭获得了孟加拉乡村银行的贷款，而另一部分则没有参与到小额贷款运动中。有资格获得贷款的家庭，他们的消费水平低于平均消费水平，这种家庭中，绝大部分的孩子不可能上得起学，男子也往往会有更多的工作压力，而女子没有工作。更明显的，相对于对照组，符合贷款资格的家庭在消费上的变化很小以及可以常年提供劳动力的特点。最重要的潜在影响不是贫穷本身，而是因而最重要是减少相关的家庭漏洞。似乎导致消费平滑主要原因是收入平滑，而不是借款和贷款。 评论家有大量的关于低收入国家的其他方案的研究经验。虽然通常人们都是使用固定效力评估来控制与安置方案有关的不易观察的变量，但是使用固定效力评估会加剧偏见的影响，就如同本方案——在较大的社区里特定人群的方案。 关键词：小额信贷，项目评估，乡村银行，孟加拉 1．介绍 小额信贷在很多人的脑海里是用来减少贫困。前提是操作简单。小额信贷提供小额贷款，以促进小规模的创业活动，而不是向贫困家庭提供救济。这种信贷除非放债人收取非常高的利率(往往收费高达每月10%)，否则不会发生。放债运作缺乏竞争，因为潜在的进入者很快发现，借款人通常不能提供任何形式的抵押品，这就使贷款存在高成本和该风险。(拉希德和汤森，1993)。 然而，体制创新下的小额信贷运动似乎大大降低了风险和提供金融服务和为贫困家庭提供服务的费用。创新包括借款合同、给予奖励、配出不良信用风险和连带借款人的活动，要求每周或每半周还款(Morduch,1997)。2005年该运动已经在世界银行，联合国领导人，以及其他已加入的国际组织的推动下成为联系100万家庭的全球性的运动(小额信贷首脑会议，1997)。该运动在美国还得到相当多的支持(包括钱第一夫人希拉里克林顿)，现在该方案在美国有300个经营点

企业物流外包外文翻译文献

企业物流外包外文翻译文献 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 物流外包——确保一个组织竞争优势的一种手段 摘要 物流方式表明将交付供应链中的独立单位整合成一个统一的系统的目标，完成结果所需的时间和资源的损失降到最小的材料和信息流动的直接管理。 一个最新方法的实施为公司的物流管理提供更多的成效，这个方法就是外包。物流外包带来诸多好处，如：减少库存、减少订单的交货时间、提高运输质

量、扩大生产的灵活性、降低生产成本和加速资金周转等。这保证了较低的生产成本和更好的质量交付，这是一个决定性的竞争优势。物流外包的应用有利于资源的合理配置，这是公司拥有的独特的竞争优势。 因此，物流外包将作为一种手段应用于公司的物流运输中，以确保一个组织的竞争优势。 关键词：外包，物流，供应商 1.简介 竞争优势，与不断增长的全球化和创新，开始逐渐失去其创意和新的竞争优势，在前端的灵活性，订单到交货时间减少，可靠的高质量的交付，和选择的机会。在竞争领域，厂家的能力加入其生产过程和系统的规划与个人消费者的喜好，将是一个的决定性的因素。只有通过建立灵活的生产管理系统，与个别客户订单问题的解决方案才是可能的。企业为什么要搞物流外包?它的紧迫性在哪里?物流外包与传统意义上的外委、外协有何本质区别?我们的企业离物流外包还远吗?这不仅是理论界要回答的问题，更是企业界应认真思考的问题。谈到物流外包必定涉及供应链和第三方的发展，涉及到现代物流的发展方向，更涉及企业的核心竞争力。理论界对这一点的认识显得有些浮躁，而企业对此的认识比较滞后。目前大多数企业守候在自营物流那片天地，真正搞物流外包的不到20%，并且不规范、不系统。尽管现在物流炒得很热，但企业对物流外包重要性的认识依然很浅。调查表明，湖南有82%的企业对现代物流的认识模糊，大多把货物运输或货代等同于现代物流;有54%的企业至今未有发展物流的计划或设想，更没有把重构内部供应链和发展物流外包提上议事日程，看来还需要更多的示范、引导，更多的宣传、培训和更多的市场培育。 首先，它需要的新的或最新的概念，如CFM（以客户为中心的制造），SCM（供应链管理），基于相同的概念作为企业资源规划（ERP），客户关系管理技术，生产管理的实施（客户关系管理）等，也将要求供应处理，物流中介机构的互动为基础的生产和有效的分配同步。 其次，它在微观和宏观层面上是一个必要的优化运输系统。复杂的运输基础设施的发展是基于标准化的商品，货物，运输方式，装卸货物，交货速度，拓宽道路和铁路网络，完善的售后服务维修。 第三，信息交流起着越来越重要的作用。工业企业在信息领域的互动，使信息可以以正确的形式被查阅，在合适的时间，通过正确的当局和真实类型，防止

物流外文文献及翻译

文献出处: Mahpula A、The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness [J]、Journal of Transport Geography, 2015, 15(2): 30-34、 原文 The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness Mahpula A Abstract At present, the development of logistics is the logistics demand rapid increase, the expanding market capacity, accelerates the construction of logistics infrastructure, third-party logistics fast growth the tendency, the whole logistics industry is developing in the direction of the information, globalization and specialization、At the same time, with the rapid increase of logistics demand, the development of the regional logistics more rapidly、Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics、Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form、Regional economic integration can make the area and regional logistics incline to reasonable, adapt to reasonable layout of industrial structure, to reduce logistics cost, promote the development of regional logistics、On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy、Therefore, the development of the regional logistics has become to improve the regional investment environment and industry development environment, expanding the scope of the regional influence, the key to enhancing regional competitiveness、 Keywords: Regional logistics; Regional logistics competitiveness; Evaluation index 1 Introduction The rapid development of world economy and the progress of modern science and technology, the logistics industry as an emerging service industry, is developing rapidly in the global scope、Internationally, logistics industry is considered to be the economic development of the artery and basic industry, its development degree

物流规划中英文对照外文翻译文献

物流规划中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)

设施规划 引言 设施规划在过去的十年间已经被赋予了全新的意义。在过去，设施规划一般被认为是一门科学。而在当今竞争激烈的全球市场，设施规划成为了一种策略。政府、教育机构和企业已经不再单独相互竞争，现在这些实体或企业将彼此联合为合作企业、组织协会，并最终合成为供应链，将客户纳入到整个供应链过程以保持竞争力。 这些年来设施规划问题一直是一个热门话题。尽管它已拥有很悠久的历史，但在目前的出版物、会议以及研究中，设施规划仍是最受欢迎的科目之一。设施规划的处理已经从清单式或者菜单式的方法发展到了高度复杂的数学建模。在本文中，我们使用了一个实用的设施规划方法，其利用了实证以及同时包含传统和现代概念的分析方法。值得提及的是，在本文中拥有很广泛的设施规划应用示例。例如，这本书的内容可以适用于一个新医院,一个装配部门,一个已有的仓库,或者一个机场的行李部的规划。无论问题是发生在医院、生产工厂、配送中心、机场、零售商店、学校、银行、还是办公室或者这些设施的任何部分；无论是在一个发达国家的现代化设施还是在一个发展中国家的过时设施中，本文给出的材料在进行规划时都非常有用。重要的是要认识到现代设施规划中将设施当作是一个动态的实体，一个成功的设施规划方案的关键因素是其适应性以及适合全新应用的能力。 设施规划的定义 当今的设施规划必须能够帮助组织实现供应链的优越性。实现供应链的优越性是一个有六个步骤、或者说六个等级的过程。一如既往，这些步骤与优越性、可见性、协同性、综合性、敏捷性等联系在一起。 当一家公司最大化供应链的各个功能（采购-制造-运输-储存-销售），个体部门（如金融、市场营销、销售、采购、信息技术、研发、生产、分配和人力资源等部门）的目标就是要成为公司最好的部门。组织的有效性不是重点，每个组

第三方物流外文文献(原文与翻译)

我国第三方物流中存在的问题、原因及战略选择 熊卫 【摘要】我国物流业发展刚刚起步，第三方物流的理论和实践等方面都比较薄弱。本文指出我国第三方物流存在的问题在于国内外第三方物流企业差距、物流效率不高、缺乏系统性管理、物流平台构筑滞后、物流管理观念落后等。分析了产生上述问题的原因，并提出了精益物流、中小型第三方物流企业价值链联盟、大型第三方物流企业虚拟化战略等三种可供选择的第三方物流企业发展战略。 【关键词】第三方物流；精益物流战略；价值链联盟；虚拟化战略 1引言 长期以来，我国国内企业对采购、运输、仓储、代理、包装、加工、配送等环节控制能力不强，在“采购黑洞”、“物流陷井”中造成的损失浪费难以计算。因此，对第三方物流的研究，对于促进我国经济整体效益的提高有着非常重要的理论和实践意义。本文试图对我国策三方物流存在的问题及原因进行分析探讨，并提出第三方物流几种可行的战略选择。 2我国第三方物流业存在的主要问题 (一)我国策三方物流企业与国外第三方物流企业的差距较大，具体表现在以下几个方面： 1、规模经济及资本差距明显。由于国外的大型第三方物流企业从全球经营的战略出发，其规模和资本优势是毫无疑问的，尤其初创时期的我国策三方物流业，本身的规模就很小，国外巨头雄厚的资本令国内企业相形见绌。 2、我国策三方物流业企业提供的物流服务水准及质量控制远不如国外同行。当国内一些企业还在把物流理解成“卡车加仓库“的时候，国外的物流企业早已完成了一系列标准化的改造。同时，国外的物流组织能力非常强大，例如德国一家第三方物流公司，公司各方面的物流专家遍布欧洲各地。如果有客户的货物需要经达不同的国家，那么欧洲各地的这些专家就在网上设计出一个最佳的物流解决方案。这种提供解决方案的能力就是这第三方物流公司的核心能力，而不像国内公司号称拥有多少条船，多少辆车。 3、我国加入WTO后物流产业的门槛降低。在物流服务业方面：我国承诺所有的服务行业，在经过合理过渡期后，取消大部分外国股权限制，不限制外国服务供应商进入

第三方物流问题战略外文翻译文献

第三方物流问题战略外文翻译文献 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 我国第三方物流中存在的问题、原因及战略选择 【摘要】我国物流业发展刚刚起步，第三方物流的理论和实践等方面都比较薄弱。本文指出我国第三方物流存在的问题在于国内外第三方物流企业差距、物流效率不高、缺乏系统性管理、物流平台构筑滞后、物流管理观念落后等。分析了产生上述问题的原因，并提出了精益物流、中小型第三方物流企业价值链联盟、大型第三方物流企业虚拟化战等三种可供选择的第三方物流企业发展战略。【关键词】第三方物流；精益物流战略；价值链联盟；虚拟化战略 1引言 长期以来，我国国内企业对采购、运输、仓储、代理、包装、加工、配送等

环节控制能力不强，在“采购黑洞”、“物流陷井”中造成的损失浪费难以计算。因此，对第三方物流的研究，对于促进我国经济整体效益的提高有着非常重要的理论和实践意义。本文试图对我国策三方物流存在的问题及原因进行分析探讨，并提出第三方物流几种可行的战略选择。 2 我国第三方物流业存在的主要问题 (一)我国策三方物流企业与国外第三方物流企业的差距较大，具体表现在以下几个方面： 1、规模经济及资本差距明显。由于国外的大型第三方物流企业从全球经营的战略出发，其规模和资本优势是毫无疑问的，尤其初创时期的我国策三方物流业，本身的规模就很小，国外巨头雄厚的资本令国内企业相形见绌。 2、我国策三方物流业企业提供的物流服务水准及质量控制远不如国外同行。当国内一些企业还在把物流理解成“卡车加仓库“的时候，国外的物流企业早已完成了一系列标准化的改造。同时，国外的物流组织能力非常强大，例如德国一家第三方物流公司，公司各方面的物流专家遍布欧洲各地。如果有客户的货物需要经达不同的国家，那么欧洲各地的这些专家就在网上设计出一个最佳的物流解决方案。这种提供解决方案的能力就是这第三方物流公司的核心能力，而不像国内公司号称拥有多少条船，多少辆车。 3、我国加入 WTO 后物流产业的门槛降低。在物流服务业方面：我国承诺所有的服务行业，在经过合理过渡期后，取消大部分外国股权限制，不限制外国服务供应商进入目前的市场，不限制所有服务行业的现有市场准入和活动。同时在辅助分销的服务方面也作出了类似的承诺。这些方面的限制将在以后 3—4 年内逐步取消，在此期间，国外的服务供应商可以建立百分之百的全资拥有的分支机构或经营机构，国内物流服务业将直面国际竞争。 (二)资源浪费严重，第三方物流效率不高。 从微观上看，由于受计划经济体制的影响，长期以来许多企业，尤其是国有企业走的是“大而全”、“小而全”的路子，它们拥有自己的仓库、车队、甚至远洋船队，造成物流过程的大量浪费，具体表现为仓库的闲置，物流业经营分散，组织化程度低，横向联合薄弱。而能够提供一体化、现代化、专业化、准时化、高效服务的第三方物流企业则很少。从宏观上看第三方物流未能跟上经

物流管理第三方物流毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献

中英文资料外文翻译文献 我国第三方物流中存在的问题、原因及战略选择 熊卫 【摘要】我国物流业发展刚刚起步，第三方物流的理论和实践等方面都比较薄弱。本文指出我国第三方物流存在的问题在于国内外第三方物流企业差距、物流效率不高、缺乏系统性管理、物流平台构筑滞后、物流管理观念落后等。分析了产生上述问题的原因，并提出了精益物流、中小型第三方物流企业价值链联盟、大型第三方物流企业虚拟化战略等三种可供选择的第三方物流企业发展战略。 【关键词】第三方物流；精益物流战略；价值链联盟；虚拟化战略 1引言 长期以来，我国国内企业对采购、运输、仓储、代理、包装、加工、配送等环节控制能力不强，在“采购黑洞”、“物流陷井”中造成的损失浪费难以计算。因此，对第三方物流的研究，对于促进我国经济整体效益的提高有着非常重要的理论和实践意义。本文试图对我国策三方物流存在的问题及原因进行分析探讨，并提出第三方物流几种可行的战略选择。 2我国第三方物流业存在的主要问题 (一)我国策三方物流企业与国外第三方物流企业的差距较大，具体表现在以下几个方面： 1、规模经济及资本差距明显。由于国外的大型第三方物流企业从全球经营的战略出发，其规模和资本优势是毫无疑问的，尤其初创时期的我国策三方物流业，本身的规模就很小，国外巨头雄厚的资本令国内企业相形见绌。 2、我国策三方物流业企业提供的物流服务水准及质量控制远不如国外同行。当国内一些企业还在把物流理解成“卡车加仓库“的时候，国外的物流企业早已完成了一系列标准化的改造。同时，国外的物流组织能力非常强大，例如德国一家第三方物流公司，公司各方面的物流专家遍布欧洲各地。如果有客户的货物需要经达不同的国家，那么欧洲各地的这些专家就在网上设计出一个最佳的物流解决方案。这种提供解决方案的能力

绿色物流外文文献翻译最新译文

文献出处：Fransoo J C. Green Logistics: Enablers for Sustainable Development [J]. Supply chain management: an international journal, 2014, 8(2): 122-131. 原文 GREEN LOGISTICS: ENABLERS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Jan C. Fransoo Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands 1 INTRODUCTION Logistics is the backbone of industry and commerce. As a discipline, it describes the management and coordination of activities along supply chains. These activities include freight transport, storage, inventory management, materials handling and related information processing. A large part of logistics activities are often outsourced to specialized providers that provide cost- effective services. Research has shown that, at least in high income economies, the value of services is not assessed in monetary and service quality terms alone. In making decisions, logistics professionals are increasingly taking into consideration external effects such as emissions, pollution, noise, and accidents. The last LPI report release in 2012, for instance, pointed out that in shipments to OECD countries, environmentally friendly solutions are considered far more often than elsewhere. Mounting regulatory pressure, together with changes in customer preferences, are the main drivers of this phenomenon. One of the more widely used terms to describe this set of preferences is green Logistics, especially when the activities of logistics service providers are concerned. Research, including a recent book by Alan McKinnon, has established that green Logistics is an emerging concern of private operators and providers and users of logistics. From a policy standpoint, and especially for the global environment, green Logistics is potentially a major topic as well: estimates vary, but about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) can be traced to logistics activities. Green Logistics may not be an independent policy area. Rather, the supply chain

物流英文文献翻译英语论文

物流英文文献翻译英语论文 物流英文文献翻译及物流论文参考文献[1] 崔介何.物流学概论[M].北京〆北京大学出版社，2004年〆1-2. [2] 叶怀珍.现代物流学[M].北京〆高等教育出版社，2003〆49-56. [3] 许建帄.对培育广州物流市场的再思考[EB/OL]. [4] 深圳新闻网.“入仓即予退税”新政策助推物流发展[EB/OL]. [5] 吴德群.“入仓退税”适应国际采购商全球配送[N].深圳特区报，2006-01-23. [6] 广东禾田物流有限公司网.广东禾田物流有限公司简介[EB/OL]. [7] 快递公司网.广州物流市场[8] 来源.十一月回顾〆物流篇（三）[EB/OL]. [9] 徐晓阳,饶欠林. 深圳盐田港出口监管仓的现状与发[DB/OL].，2002. [10] 中华人民共和国国务院公报,中华人民共和国海关总署令——中华人民共和国海关对出口监管仓库及所存货物的管理办法[DB/OL]. [11] 公共商务信息导报，海关对出口监管仓库及所存货物的管理办法[DB/OL]. 2005-12-06. [12] Wei Liu,Wenshun Li,Wendy Huang.Analysis of the dynamic relation between logistics development and GDP growth in China[DB/OL]. http:// 毕业论文[13] Deng Mingran,Wang Hua. A government guarantee system of logistics development in China[DB/OL].,2006. [14] Goh,M,Ling,C. Logistics development in China[DB/OL]. ,2003. [15] Chen Siyun, The developing trend and countermeasures of Yantian port logistics[DB/OL]. 研究物流业及中国物流技术摘要为了进一步推进同中国发展物流业,作者基于中国物流业的现状,肯定其在中国工业发展过程中所取得的成就。通过学习物流产业的各方面,包括了解物流产业，标准术语,物流技术和管理知识,剖析主要的问题存在于中国当前的物流业,并提出合理化建议。关键词〆物流，发展，问题，方法1 前言现代物流工业是现代最受欢迎的行业。自从20世纪80年代早期物流概念从海外引入，物流业得到了迅猛的发展。目前,我国已有相当多的物流园区及中心, 发展了一系列现代物流技术和取得了一大批自主知识产权的创新成果。研制开发了具有自主知识产权的集成化物流管理系统（LOG++/SMCS），成功实现了与著名ERP系统（SAP R/3）的实时连接。改变了我国传统物流系统性能单一、集成度低的现状，标志着我国物流软件系统与国际现代物流管理系统的接轨。研究开发了新型结构快速堆垛机。其运行速度0～150m/min，起升速度0～40m/min，货叉速度0～20/40m/min々水帄方向采用激光测距技术，测距误差±1mm（500m以内），定位精度达到±3mm々垂直方向采用旋转编码器加齿形带技术，定位精度达到±3mm。进行了结构研究和动态性能分析，增加了设备的稳定性和可靠性々成功地将激光认址和旋转编码器、齿形带测距等新型检测技术整合到一起，运用于认址，从根本上改变了传统的认址方式，并采用冗余控制技术和故障自诊断技术等大大提高系统的效率与可靠性々新型货叉结构、带尺寸检测与条形码检测的新型载货台等10多项新技术，促进了物流关键设备的技术进步，大大缩短我国物流关键设备与国际先进水帄的差距。在2003年，国内外首创开发了具有国际先进水帄的推挽式激光导引AGV小车（专利产品）々攻克了路径规划、反射板布置、精确定位等难题，使小车能在卷接包机组内安全、灵活地行走和定位，实现完全自动化运送。2003年设计应用具有国际先进水帄的视觉识别移动式机器人自动辅料搭配系统。红河卷烟厂自动化物流系统和联想电脑公司集成化物流系统的成功开发与应用，填补了多项国内空白，创新出一批具有国际先进水帄的系统和设备，大大缩小我国物流系统关键设备及主要技术指标与先进国家的差距，在行业中产生了广泛影响。经过多年研究和探索，太原钢运储存公司通过与科研机构的合作，成功地发展出由电脑计划设计的自动化的仓储打包系统，同样也是处于世界领先水帄。由于受到政府的大力指出与重视，中国的现代物流业正以前所未有的速度发展。但是，还是值得指出的是，中国的物流业整体还是处在初级阶段。中国在2000 年的国内生产总值是8.94×1000亿元，其中流通领域总占比重仅仅百分之8.1 这比发达国家如英美日要低许多。2000年，沃尔玛，世界零售巨头的销售总额达193.3亿美元，占中国年零售业总额的46%。从上面可以看出，沃尔玛的销售额以每年20—30亿美元的速度增长。在国内的零售业领先的上海联合利华仅仅XX 人民

学生贷款对大学生入学的影响外文文献翻译2019

学生贷款对大学生入学的影响外文翻译2019 英文 The effect of student loans on college enrollment: Evidence from municipality panel data in Japan Shinpei Sano Abstract This study examines whether the criteria expansion for student loan eligibility promotes the college enrollment of high school graduates in Japan. In 1999, the Japan Student Services Organization revised the eligibility criteria of the student loan system based on household earnings. Before the revision, the maximum allowable earnings for student loan applications differed across regions; some region’s had lower criteria than others. After the revision, the criteria for regions with lower maximum allowable earnings were adjusted upwards to match regions with higher ones. We conducted a difference-in-differences estimation by using municipal panel data from 1998 to 2003. We found that the expansion of eligibility for student loans improved the male college enrollment rate by around 0.5 to 0.7% points, while female enrollment was less sensitive to the expansion of student loan eligibility. The impact of the student loan eligibility expansion is larger for low income areas. Keywords：College enrollment，Student loans，Difference-in-differences

物流+外文翻译

1. The Definition of Logistics After completing a commercial transaction, logistics will execute the transfer of goods from the supplier( seller) to the customer( buyer) in the most cost-effective manner. This is the definition of logistics. During the transfer process, hardware such as logistics facilities and equipment( logistics carriers) are needed, as well as information control and standardization. In addition, supports from the government and logistics association should be in place. Three major functions of logistics (1) Creating time value: same goods can be valued different at different times. Goods often stop during the transfer process, which is professionally called the storage of logistics. It creates the time value for goods. (2) Creating location value: same goods can be valued differently at different locations. The value added during the transfer process is the location value of logistics. (3) Distribution processing value: sometimes logistics create distribution processing value, which changes the length, thickness and packages of the goods. Like popular saying, “ cutting into smaller parts” is the most commonly seen distribution processing within logistics create added value for goods. 2. Logistics is a new commercial area, developing from the traditional stage to a modern one. The main differences between these two stage include:

物流市场调研外文参考文献原文及译文综合报告

物流市场调研外文参考文献原文及译文综合报告 题目 __ 研究物流业及中国物流技术_____ 二级学院 专业 班级 学号 学生姓名 电话号码 时间2012-04-5

原文： Studies on Logistics and Logistics Technology of China Luo Yixin (Department of Industry and Commerce Management, Human College of Finance and Economics, Human Chansha 410205) Received 15 July 2004 Abstract For further pushin g ahead with the development of China’s logistics industry，the author，based on the status quo of China's logistics industry，alfirms the achievements made in the development course of the industry of China．By studying various respects of the industry including the understanding of logistics，standards of technical terms，logistics technologies and management，the author analyzes the major problems existence in China’s current logistics industry and puts forward the rationalization proposal．Key words：logistics；development；problem；measure 1 Preface Modem logistics industry is currently one of the most popular trades．Since China introduced the concept of logistics from abroad in early 1980s，logistics industry has been developed rapidly．At present，our country already has quite a lot of logistics parks and centers，develops a series of modem logistics technologies and obtains a large number of innovation accomplishments bearing self-determination intelectual property rights．Among those are typical ones such as the development of integration logistics management system with self-determination intelectual property rights (LOG + +／SMCS) in 2003.The real—time connection with famous ERP system (SAPR／3)has been realized，the system radically changes the unicity and low int egrity level of China’s traditional logistics and thus symbolizes that domestic logistics software has been in line with international noFIns for modern logistics management system．Another example is the new structural—type quick stacker that has the operation speed of0—150 m／rain．1ifting speed of 0—40 m／min and forking speed of 0 —20／40 m／rain, bearing self-determination intellectual property rights developed in the same year．Laser ranging technology is applied to the system in horizontal direction．resulting that the distance—measuring error is ±1 mm within 500 meters and positioning accuracy is ±3 mm．For the vertical direction．due to the application of rotary encoder plus tooth—be technique，positioning accuracy reaches ± 3 mm．In this way．the system successfully integrates a variety of new—type detecting technologies involving laser location，rotary encoder and toth—belt eranging．integration has been utilized for positioning and then radically altered traditional positioning method ．Besides，the adoption of redundancy and trouble shooting technique dramatically increases the system's efficiency and reliability．The adoption of over ten new techs consisting of new—type forking structure and loading platform with dimension detector and bar code sensor has promoted the technical advancement of key equipments used in logistics industry as well as greatly narrowed the gap between China and international advanced countries in terms okey equipments．In 2003。a patent product at world—leading place，the push—pull laser guiding AGV cart，ca／Be into market．Ever has never been a similar product both at home and abroad．is AGV cart．having conquered numbers of difficulties as path planning，reflecting board layout and pinpointing position，can travel an d locate its position safely and flexibly in rolling machine units．In other words，it realizes complete automation delivery ．In 2003，domestic enterprises designed and applied automatic supplementary—materials allocation system equipped with vision—identification movable robot．system was ran king at international leading stage．In year 2003,thanks to the successful