限制性定语从句和非限制性从句

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

一．限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别

1.区别一：形式不同

限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；

而非限定性定语从句主句和从句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。

2.区别二：功能不同

限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；

而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。如：People who take physical exercise live longer.

进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)

His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week.

他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)

3.区别三：翻译不同

在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，

而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如：

He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。

I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。

4.区别四：含义不同比较下面的两个句子：

I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)

I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)

5.区别五：先行词不同

限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，

而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；

（另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。）如：

Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.

彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast)

He changed his mind, which made me very angry.

他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)

Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week.

我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰) Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad.

她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)

6.区别六：关系词不同

关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；

另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略(参见本章有关内容)，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。

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